WO2000013469A1 - Preferred embodiment to led light string - Google Patents
Preferred embodiment to led light string Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000013469A1 WO2000013469A1 PCT/US1999/019606 US9919606W WO0013469A1 WO 2000013469 A1 WO2000013469 A1 WO 2000013469A1 US 9919606 W US9919606 W US 9919606W WO 0013469 A1 WO0013469 A1 WO 0013469A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light string
- led
- leds
- light
- series
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
- F21S4/10—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources attached to loose electric cables, e.g. Christmas tree lights
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to light strings and, more particularly, to decorative light strings employing LEDs.
- LEDs Light emitting diodes
- LEDs are increasingly employed as a basic lighting source in a variety of forms, including decorative lighting, for reasons among the following.
- LEDs have a very long lifespan, compared with common incandescent and fluorescent sources, with typical LED lifespan at least 100,000 hours.
- LEDs have several favorable physical properties, including ruggedness, cool operation, and ability to operate under wide temperature variations.
- LEDs are currently available in all primary and several secondary colors, as well as in a "white” form employing a blue source and phosphors.
- LEDs are becoming increasingly efficient, and colored LED sources currently available may consume an order of magnitude less power than incandescent bulbs of equivalent light output.
- LED-based light strings used primarily for decorative purposes such as for Christmas lighting, is one application for LEDs.
- U.S. patent 5,495,147 entitled LED LIGHT STRING SYSTEM to Lanzisera hereinafter "Lanzisera”
- U.S. patent 4,984,999 entitled STRING OF LIGHTS SPECIFICATION to Leake hereinafter "Leake”
- Lanzisera Lanzisera
- Leake STRING OF LIGHTS SPECIFICATION to Leake
- exemplary light strings are described employing purely parallel wiring of discrete LED lamps using a step-down transformer and rectifier power conversion scheme.
- LED light string descriptions found in the prior art convert input electrical power, usually assumed to be the common U.S. household power of 110 VAC to a low voltage, nearly DC input.
- the present invention relaxes this input electrical power conversion and specifies a preferred embodiment in which the LED light string is electrically powered directly from either a common household 110 VAC or 220 VAC source, without a lower voltage involved via power conversion.
- the LEDs may be driven using household AC, rather than DC, because the nominal LED forward bias voltage, if used in reverse bias fashion, is generally much lower than the reverse voltage where the LED p-n junction breaks down.
- pulsed light is effected at the AC rate (e.g., 60 or 50 Hz), which is sufficiently high in frequency for the human eye to integrate and see as a continuous light stream.
- the present invention relates to a light string, including a pair of wires connecting to a standard household AC electrical plug; a plurality of LEDs powered by the pair of wires, wherein the LEDs are electrically coupled in series to form at least one series block; multiple series blocks, if employed, that are electrically coupled in parallel; a standard household AC socket at the opposite end for connection of multiple light strings in an end-to-end, electrically parallel fashion.
- FIG. 1 shows two example block diagrams of the light string in its embodiment preferred primarily, with one diagram for a 110 VAC common household input electrical source (e.g., 60 Hz) and one diagram for a 220 VAC common household (e.g., 50 Hz) input electrical source.
- a 110 VAC common household input electrical source e.g. 60 Hz
- a 220 VAC common household e.g., 50 Hz
- FIG. 2 A shows a schematic diagrams of an embodiment of this invention in which the diodes of the 50 LEDs (series) blocks 102 of Fig. 1 are connected in the same direction.
- FIG . 2B Shows a schematic diagrams of an embodiment of this invention in which the diodes of the 50 LEDs (series) blocks 102 of Fig. 1 are connected in the reverse direction.
- FIG. 3 shows two example block diagrams of the light string in its embodiment preferred alternatively, with one diagram for a U 0 VAC common household input electrical source (e.g., 60 Hz) and one diagram for a 220 VAC common household (e.g., 50 Hz) input electrical source.
- a U 0 VAC common household input electrical source e.g. 60 Hz
- a 220 VAC common household e.g., 50 Hz
- FIG. 4 shows an example schematic diagram of the AC-to-DC power supply corresponding to the two block diagrams in FIG. 3 for either the 110 VAC or the 220 VAC input electrical source.
- FIG. 5 shows an example pictorial diagram of the manufactured light string in either its "straight” or “curtain” form (either form may be manufactured for 110 VAC or 220 VAC input).
- FIG. 6 shows an example pictorial diagram of special tooling of the housing for an LED housing in the light string, for assurance of proper LED electrical polarity throughout the light string circuit.
- FIG. 7 shows an example pictorial diagram of special tooling and manufacturing of the LED and its housing in the light string, for assurance of proper LED polarity using the example in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 shows an example pictorial diagram of a fiber optic "icicle” attached to an LED and its housing in the light string, where the "icicle” diffuses the LED light in a predetermined manner.
- alternating current voltage sometimes abbreviated as "VAC”
- VAC alternating current voltage
- 220 VAC the nominal voltage which cycles continuously in forward and reverse bias
- the actual instantaneous voltage at a given point in time can differ from the nominal voltage number.
- an LED light string employs a plurality of LEDs wired in series-parallel form, contaimng at least one series block of multiple LEDs.
- the series block size is determined by the ratio of the standard input voltage (e.g., either 110 VAC or 220 VAC) to the drive voltage(s) of the LEDs to be employed (e.g., 2 VDC).
- multiple series blocks, if employed, are each of the same LED configuration (same number and kinds of LEDs), and are wired together along the string in parallel.
- LEDs of the light string may comprise either a single color LED or an LED including multiple sub-dies each of a different color.
- the LED lenses may be of any shape, and may be either clear, clear-colored, or diffuse-colored.
- each LED may have internal circuitry to provide for intermittent on-off blinking and/or intermittent LED sub-die color changes.
- Individual LEDs of the light string may be arranged continuously (using the same color), or periodically (using multiple, alternating colors), or pseudo-randomly (any order of multiple colors).
- the LED light string may provide an electrical interface to couple multiple lights strings together in parallel, and physically from end to end. Fiber optic bundles or strands may also be coupled to individual LEDs to diffuse LED light output in a predetermined manner.
- An LED light string of the present invention may have the following advantages. The LED light string may last far longer and require less power consumption than light strings of incandescent lamps, and they may be safer to operate since less heat is generated.
- the LED light string may have reduced cost of manufacture by employing series-parallel blocks to allow operation directly from a standard household 110 VAC or 220 VAC source, either without any additional circuitry (AC drive), or with only minimal circuitry (DC drive).
- the LED light string may allow multiple strings to be conveniently connected together, using standard 110 VAC or 220 VAC plugs and sockets, desirably from end-to-end.
- Direct AC drive of LED light string avoids any power conversion circuitry and additional wires; both of these items add cost to the light string.
- the additional wires impose additional mechanical constraint and they may also detract aesthetically from the decorative string.
- direct AC drive results in pulsed lighting. Although this pulsed lighting cannot be seen at typical AC drive frequencies (e.g. 50 or 60 Hz), the pulsing itself is not the most efficient use of each LED device because less overall light is produced than if the LEDs were continuously driven using DC. This lower amount of light produced may be compensated for by using more expensive, brighter LEDs, and thus an engineering tradeoff exists, where AC drive is of primary preference, and DC drive is preferred alternatively.
- FIG. 1 shows the embodiment of an LED light string in accordance with the present invention, and as preferred primarily through AC drive.
- the two block diagrams correspond to a exemplary string employing 100 LEDs, for either 110 VAC (top diagram) or 220 VAC (bottom diagram) standard household current input (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz).
- the input electrical interface consists merely of a standard 110 VAC household plug 101 attached to a pair of drive wires.
- the basic series block size for the top block diagram, corresponding to 110 VAC input is approximately 50 LEDs.
- the input electrical interface likewise consists of a standard
- 220 VAC household plug 104 attached to a pair of drive wires.
- the basic series block size for the bottom diagram, corresponding to 220 VAC input is 100 LEDs.
- only one series block of 100 LEDs 105 is coupled to the drive wires along the light string.
- the two drive wires for the 220 VAC light string terminate in a standard 220 VAC household socket 106 to enable multiple strings to be connected in parallel from end-to-end. Note that for either the 110 VAC or the 220 VAC light string, the standard plug and socket employed in the string varies in accordance to the country in which the light string is intended to be used.
- the series blocks may each be driven by either the positive or negative half of the AC voltage cycle.
- the LEDs are wired with the same polarity; however the series block itself, since driven in parallel with the other series blocks, may be wired in either direction, using either the positive or the negative half of the symmetric AC electrical power cycle.
- FIG. 2A and 2B show two schematic diagram implementations of the top diagram of FIG. 1, where the simplest example of AC drive is shown that uses two series blocks of 50 LEDs, connected in parallel and powered by 110 VAC.
- both of these LED series blocks are wired in parallel with the polarity of both blocks in the same direction (or, equivalently, if both blocks were reversed).
- both series blocks flash on simultaneously, using electrical power from the positive (or negative, if both blocks were reversed) portion of the symmetric AC power cycle.
- a possible advantage of this configuration is that, since the LEDs all flash on together at the cycle rate (60 Hz for this example), when the light string flashes on periodically, it is as bright as possible.
- FIG.2B shows the alternative implementation for the top diagram of FIG. 1 , where again, two series blocks of 50 LEDS are connected in parallel and powered by 110 VAC.
- the two series blocks are reversed, relative to each other, in polarity with respect to the input AC power.
- the two blocks flash alternatively, with one block flashing on during the negative portion of each AC cycle.
- the symmetry, or "sine-wave" nature of AC allows this possibility.
- the advantage if is that, since each block flashes alternatively, drawing power during opposite phases of the AC power, the maximum current draw during each flash is only half of that previously (i.e., compared when both blocks flash simultaneously).
- the amount of light flashed is reduced (i.e., half the light than if two blocks were flashing at once as previously illustrated).
- the flash rate at 100-120 Hz, cannot be seen directly by the human eye and is instead integrated into a continuous light stream.
- the flash rate in any case is significantly greater than the rate at which the human eye can directly perceive individual flashes, the overall effect on human perception is probably insignificant, and balancing the load, through reversing half, or nearly half (e.g., for the generalized case where the number of LED series blocks is odd), is likely to be a preferred implementation because the peak power drawn is minimal.
- the series block may similarly be arranged in polarity to divide power among the individual cycles of the multiple phase AC. This may result in multiple polarities employed for the LED series blocks, say three polarities for three positive or negative cycles.
- FIG. 3 shows two block diagrams that correspond to a exemplary string employing 100 LEDs and DC drive, for either 110 VAC (top diagram) or 220 VAC (bottom diagram) standard household current input (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz).
- the input electrical interface consists of a standard 110 VAC household plug 301 attached to a pair of drive wires, followed by an AC-to-DC converter circuit 302.
- the basic series block size for the top block diagram, corresponding to 110 VAC input is approximately 50 LEDs.
- two series blocks of 50 LEDs 303 are coupled in parallel to the output of the AC-to-DC converter 302 using additional feed wires along the light string.
- the two drive wires for the 110 VAC light string terminate in a standard 110 VAC household socket 304 to enable multiple strings to be connected in parallel electrically from end-to-end.
- the input electrical interface likewise consists of a standard 220 VAC household plug 305 attached to a pair of drive wires, followed by an AC-to-DC converter circuit 306.
- the basic series block size for the bottom diagram, corresponding to 220 VAC input is 100 LEDs.
- only one series block of 100 LEDs 307 is coupled to the output of the AC-to-DC converter 307 using additional feed wires along the light string.
- the two drive wires for the 220 VAC light string terminate in a standard 220 VAC household socket 308 to enable multiple strings to be connected in parallel from end-to-end.
- FIG. 4 shows an example schematic electrical diagram for the AC-to-DC converter employed in both diagrams of FIG.3.
- the AC input to the circuit in FIG. 1 is indicated by the symbol for an AC source 401.
- a varistor 402 may optionally be used to ensure that voltage is limited during power surges.
- the actual AC to DC rectification is performed by use of a full-wave bridge rectifier 403.
- This bridge rectifier 403 results in a rippled DC current and therefore serves as an example circuit only.
- a different rectification scheme may be employed, depending on cost considerations. For example, one or more capacitors or inductors may be added to reduce ripple at only minor cost increase. Because of the many possibilities, and because of their insignificance, these and similar additional circuit features have been purposely omitted from FIG. 4.
- the final manufacturing may be a variation of either the basic "straight" string form or the basic “curtain” string form, as shown in the top and bottom pictorial diagrams in FIG. 5.
- the standard (110 VAC or 220 VAC) plug 501 is attached to the drive wires which provide power to the LEDs 502 via the series-parallel feeding described previously.
- the two drive and other feed wires 503 are twisted together along the length of the light string for compactness and the LEDs 502 in the "straight" form are aligned with these twisted wires 503, with the LEDs 502 spaced uniformly along the string length (note drawing is not to scale).
- the two drive wires in the "straight" form of the light string terminate in the standard (correspondingly, 110 VAC or 220 VAC) socket 504. Typically, the LEDs are spaced uniformly every four inches.
- the standard (110 VAC or 220 VAC) plug 501 again is attached to the drive wires which provide power to the LEDs 502 via the series-parallel feeding described previously.
- the two drive and other feed wires 503 are again twisted together along the length of the light string for compactness.
- the feed wires to the LEDs are now twisted and arranged such that the LEDs are offset from the light string axis in small groups (groups of 3 to 5 are shown as an example). The length of these groups of offset LEDs may remain the same along the string or they may vary in either a periodic or pseudo-random fashion.
- the LEDs 502 may be spaced uniformly as shown or they may be spaced nonuniformly, in either a periodic or pseudo-random fashion (note drawing is not to scale).
- the two drive wires in the "curtain" form of the light string also terminate in a standard (correspondingly 110 VAC or 220 VAC) socket 504.
- the LED offset groups are spaced uniformly every six inches along the string axis and, within each group, the LEDs are spaced uniformly every four inches.
- blinking maybe obtained using a number of techniques requiring additional circuitry, or by simply replacing one of the LEDs in each series block with a blinking LED.
- Blinking LEDs are already available on the market at comparable prices with their continuous counterparts, and thus the light string may be sold with the necessary (e.g., one or two) additional blinkers included in the few extra LEDs.
- each LED is powered using the correct LED polarity. This equates to all feeds coming from the same drive wire always entering either the positive or the negative lead of each LED. Since the drive wires are AC, it does not matter whether positive or negative is chosen initially - it is only important all the LEDs in each series block have the same polarity orientation (either all positive first or all negative first).
- each LED and its assembly into its housing may be modified to insure proper polarity. An example modification is shown in FIG.
- the LED shown at far left with a rectangular, arched-top lens
- the LED lamp base incorporates a notch 602 to accommodate this keyed offset.
- This first pair of modifications useful for manufacturing only, results in the LED being properly mounted within its base to form replaceable LED lamp bulb.
- the lamp base is also modified to include a keyed offset on its base 603, and the lamp holder is correspondingly notched 604 for proper alignment.
- This second pair of modifications is useful in both manufacturing and by the user, for properly placing or replacing the LED lamp bulb into its holder on the light string.
- the LED lamp base and holder collectively form the LED housing.
- the LED mold such that two piece replaceable LED lamp bulb described in FIG. 6 can be made in one step as a single piece.
- FIG. 7 where the single piece replaceable LED lamp bulb 701 has a single keyed offset to fit into its notched lamp holder 702.
- the resulting assembly is now composed of two, rather than three, LED pieces and as such, may allow the lights string to be made more rapidly and at lower cost.
- the LEDs in the light string will incorporate a lens for wide-angle viewing.
- fiber optic bundles or strands to the LEDs to spatially diffuse the LED light in a predetermined way for a visual effect.
- the LED lens is designed to create a narrow-angle light beam (e.g., 20 degree beamwidth) along its axis, to enable the LED light to flow through the fiber optics with high coupling efficiency.
- a narrow-angle light beam e.g. 20 degree beamwidth
- FIG. 8 An example of the use of fiber optics is shown in FIG. 8, where a very lossy fiber optic rod is employed with intention for the fiber optic rod to glow like an illuminated "icicle.”
- the LED 801 and its housing 802 may be attached to the fiber optic rod 803 using a short piece of tubing 804 that fits over both the LED lens and the end of the fiber optic rod (note that the drawing is not to scale).
- An example design uses a cylindrical LED lens with a narrow-angle end beam, where the diameter of the LED lens and the diameter of the fiber optic rod are the same (e.g., 5 mm or 3/16 inches).
- the fiber optic rod 803 is typically between three to eight inches in length and may be either uniform in length throughout the light string, or the fiber optic rod length may vary in either a periodic or pseudo-random fashion.
- the fiber optic rod 803 in FIG. 8 may be constructed using a variety of plastic or glass materials, it is preferred that the rod be made in either a rigid form using clear Acrylic plastic or clear crystal styrene plastic, or in a highly flexible form using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic. These plastics are preferred for safety, durability, light transmittance, and cost reasons.
- PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
- the tubing 804 that connects the fiber optic rod 803 to its LED lens 801 may also made from a variety of materials, and be specified in a variety of ways according to opacity, inner diameter, wall thickness, and flexibility.
- connection tubing 804 be a short piece (e.g., 10 mm in length) of standard clear flexible PVC tubing (containing UV inhibiting chemicals) whose diameter is such that the tubing fits snugly over both the LED lens and the fiber optic rod (e.g., standard wall tubing with 1/4 inch outer diameter).
- An adhesive may be used to hold this assembly more securely.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU57884/99A AU5788499A (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1999-08-25 | Preferred embodiment to led light string |
CA002342321A CA2342321A1 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1999-08-25 | Preferred embodiment to led light string |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/141,914 | 1998-08-28 | ||
US09/141,914 US6072280A (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1998-08-28 | Led light string employing series-parallel block coupling |
US09/339,161 | 1999-06-24 | ||
US09/339,161 US6668091B1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 1999-06-24 | 3D mesh coding/decoding method |
US37863199A | 1999-08-20 | 1999-08-20 | |
US09/378,631 | 1999-08-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000013469A1 true WO2000013469A1 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
WO2000013469A8 WO2000013469A8 (en) | 2000-07-20 |
WO2000013469A9 WO2000013469A9 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
Family
ID=27385732
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/019606 WO2000013469A1 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 1999-08-25 | Preferred embodiment to led light string |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1430864A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2342321A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000013469A1 (en) |
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FR2807609A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-12 | Festilight | LUMINOUS ANIMATION DEVICE |
EP1204144A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | Jaenam Kim | Led lamp apparatus |
US6505954B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2003-01-14 | Excellence Opto. Inc. | Safe light emitting device |
FR2833687A1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-20 | Jean Paul Blachere | Decorative light-emitting chain, used e.g. for commemorating traditional festivals, comprises miniature light sources formed from high performance light-emitting diodes and connected into a programming circuit |
US6777889B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2004-08-17 | Festilight Sarl | Light animation device |
US6840776B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2005-01-11 | Katholm Invest A/S | Adapter for a light source |
US7220022B2 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2007-05-22 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Jacketed LED assemblies and light strings containing same |
DE102005059492A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jansen | Randomly distributed light pattern generating method for e.g. advertising application, has battery, where random sequences are dimensioned such that light pulse pattern is generated and pattern is unforeseeable for observer |
US7250730B1 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-31 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Unique lighting string rectification |
US7265496B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2007-09-04 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Junction circuit for LED lighting chain |
US7276858B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2007-10-02 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Decorative lighting string with stacked rectification |
FR2947324A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-31 | Joseph Francois Marie Guiheneuf | Illuminated cord for use in decoration application during festivals, has normal and/or color changing and/or blinking flash type LEDs assemblies connected with each other using connectors |
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US7850361B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2010-12-14 | 1 Energy Solutions, Inc. | Removable LED lamp holder |
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US20070025109A1 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | Yu Jing J | C7, C9 LED bulb and embedded PCB circuit board |
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US7220022B2 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2007-05-22 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Jacketed LED assemblies and light strings containing same |
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US7931390B2 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2011-04-26 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Jacketed LED assemblies and light strings containing same |
WO2001077576A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-18 | Festilight Sarl | Light animation device |
FR2807609A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-12 | Festilight | LUMINOUS ANIMATION DEVICE |
US6777889B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2004-08-17 | Festilight Sarl | Light animation device |
EP1204144A1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | Jaenam Kim | Led lamp apparatus |
US6505954B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2003-01-14 | Excellence Opto. Inc. | Safe light emitting device |
US6840776B2 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2005-01-11 | Katholm Invest A/S | Adapter for a light source |
FR2833687A1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-06-20 | Jean Paul Blachere | Decorative light-emitting chain, used e.g. for commemorating traditional festivals, comprises miniature light sources formed from high performance light-emitting diodes and connected into a programming circuit |
US7265496B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2007-09-04 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Junction circuit for LED lighting chain |
US7276858B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2007-10-02 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Decorative lighting string with stacked rectification |
DE102005059492A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jansen | Randomly distributed light pattern generating method for e.g. advertising application, has battery, where random sequences are dimensioned such that light pulse pattern is generated and pattern is unforeseeable for observer |
US7250730B1 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-31 | Fiber Optic Designs, Inc. | Unique lighting string rectification |
FR2947324A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-31 | Joseph Francois Marie Guiheneuf | Illuminated cord for use in decoration application during festivals, has normal and/or color changing and/or blinking flash type LEDs assemblies connected with each other using connectors |
CN103959907A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-07-30 | 汪圣峰 | Method for illuminating LED without any reliance on ballast |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000013469A9 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
WO2000013469A8 (en) | 2000-07-20 |
CN1430864A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
CA2342321A1 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
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