WO1999065099A2 - Ceramic fuel cell - Google Patents
Ceramic fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999065099A2 WO1999065099A2 PCT/US1999/013132 US9913132W WO9965099A2 WO 1999065099 A2 WO1999065099 A2 WO 1999065099A2 US 9913132 W US9913132 W US 9913132W WO 9965099 A2 WO9965099 A2 WO 9965099A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- passages
- fuel cell
- passage
- inter
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- -1 bismuth oxide oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000473 manganese(VI) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical group [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010965 430 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9058—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of noble metals or noble-metal based alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9066—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1266—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing bismuth oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000554013A JP2002518794A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
DE69939061T DE69939061D1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | CERAMIC FUEL CELLS |
CA002342154A CA2342154C (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
MXPA00012324A MXPA00012324A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell. |
AU50823/99A AU5082399A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
BR9911169-1A BR9911169A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
EP99935317A EP1095418B1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8916998P | 1998-06-12 | 1998-06-12 | |
US60/089,169 | 1998-06-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999065099A2 true WO1999065099A2 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
WO1999065099A3 WO1999065099A3 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
Family
ID=22216093
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/013132 WO1999065099A2 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-06-10 | Ceramic fuel cell |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6372375B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1095418B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002518794A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1308780A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE400905T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5082399A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9911169A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2342154C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69939061D1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA00012324A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2221315C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999065099A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002037589A2 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-10 | Michael A. Cobb & Company | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
US6420064B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-07-16 | Global Thermoelectric Inc. | Composite electrodes for solid state devices |
KR100804481B1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-02-20 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Preparation method of copper-based cermet anode for solid oxide fuel cell |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001048855A1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-05 | Corning Incorporated | Honeycomb electrode fuel cells |
US7273671B2 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2007-09-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell and method for making the same |
US8007954B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2011-08-30 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Use of sulfur-containing fuels for direct oxidation fuel cells |
WO2003005462A2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2003-01-16 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Hybrid monolithic fuel cell |
US7285350B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2007-10-23 | Questair Technologies Inc. | Enhanced solid oxide fuel cell systems |
RU2236069C1 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2004-09-10 | Мятиев Ата Атаевич | Bismuth oxide based electrode-electrolyte couple, its production method, and organogel |
KR20060023582A (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2006-03-14 | 가부시키가이샤 저펜에너지 | Fuel cell with reformer |
JP4565817B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2010-10-20 | 京セラ株式会社 | Fuel cell container and fuel cell |
EP1702376A1 (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2006-09-20 | Pirelli & C. S.p.A. | Solid oxide fuel cell |
KR100815207B1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-03-19 | 김영정 | Solid oxide fuel cell |
WO2008076231A2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Strutt Peter R | Electrode assembly for a solid oxide fuel cell and method for making the same |
KR20100118571A (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2010-11-05 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | Devices and methods for honeycomb continuous flow reactors |
US8632924B2 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2014-01-21 | Korea Institute Of Ceramic Engineering & Technology | Solid oxide fuel cells and manufacturing method thereof |
RU2522188C1 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии Уральского отделения Российской Академии наук | Double-layer supporting cathode manufacturing method for solid oxide fuel cells |
RU2565600C1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-20 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов на основе графита "НИИграфит" | Heat resistant cellular structure |
JP7345267B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-09-15 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Electrochemical elements, electrochemical modules, electrochemical devices and energy systems |
Citations (2)
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US4462891A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1984-07-31 | Lawless William N | Oxygen sensor and high temperature fuel cells |
US5302258A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-04-12 | Triox Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for separating oxygen from a gaseous mixture |
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US3400054A (en) | 1966-03-15 | 1968-09-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrochemical method for separating o2 from a gas; generating electricity; measuring o2 partial pressure; and fuel cell |
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US4356235A (en) | 1979-05-21 | 1982-10-26 | Lawless William N | Thallous and cesium halide materials for use in cryogenic applications |
US4296147A (en) | 1979-05-21 | 1981-10-20 | William Nicholas Lawless | Thallous halide materials for use in cryogenic applications |
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-
1999
- 1999-06-10 WO PCT/US1999/013132 patent/WO1999065099A2/en active Application Filing
- 1999-06-10 EP EP99935317A patent/EP1095418B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-10 RU RU2001101170/09A patent/RU2221315C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-10 AT AT99935317T patent/ATE400905T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-10 BR BR9911169-1A patent/BR9911169A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-10 JP JP2000554013A patent/JP2002518794A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-10 US US09/329,413 patent/US6372375B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-10 CA CA002342154A patent/CA2342154C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-10 CN CN99808459A patent/CN1308780A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-10 DE DE69939061T patent/DE69939061D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-10 MX MXPA00012324A patent/MXPA00012324A/en unknown
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6420064B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2002-07-16 | Global Thermoelectric Inc. | Composite electrodes for solid state devices |
WO2002037589A2 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-10 | Michael A. Cobb & Company | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
WO2002037589A3 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2003-03-13 | Michael A Cobb & Company | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
KR100804481B1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-02-20 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Preparation method of copper-based cermet anode for solid oxide fuel cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1095418B1 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
MXPA00012324A (en) | 2004-12-03 |
CA2342154C (en) | 2009-04-07 |
US6372375B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
AU5082399A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
ATE400905T1 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
DE69939061D1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
CN1308780A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
EP1095418A2 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
JP2002518794A (en) | 2002-06-25 |
BR9911169A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
RU2221315C2 (en) | 2004-01-10 |
WO1999065099A3 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
CA2342154A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
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