WO1999042002A1

WO1999042002A1 - Mineralized drinking water and method of making same

Info

Publication number: WO1999042002A1
Application number: PCT/US1998/003347
Authority: WO
Inventors: John A. Lindon; Arthur Malin
Original assignee: Lindon Hearty Water, Llc; Malin Hearty Water, Llc
Priority date: 1998-02-20
Filing date: 1998-02-20
Publication date: 1999-08-26
Also published as: AU6661598A

Abstract

An optimal mineralized potable or drinking water formulation. The optimal mineralized drinking water formulation has great utility in preventing cardiovascular disease and improved blood glucose levels, and related blood conditions, and is an aqueous solution consisting essentially of: 10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ions; 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and 0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium. All the chemical elements are present in the ionic form as water soluble salts, e.g., as sulfates, nitrates, or chlorides of the elements. The mineral water contains no sodium ions. The minerals can also be in a kit form for adding to water by an end user.

Description

MINERALIZED DRINKING WATER AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is significance epidemiological evidence found in the literature indicating that the drinking of certain kinds of naturally occurring mineralized waters have the effect of decreasing mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Examples of the most relevant literature of which we are presently aware attesting 5 to such epidemiological evidence are the following publications:

1 ) "MAGNESIUM AND THE HEART," American Heart Journal, June, 1977, Vol. 93, No. 6, pp. 679, 682, B & J. R. Chipperfield; 0

2) "RELATIONSHIP OF METAL METABOLISM TO VASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY RATES IN TEXAS," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31 ; July 1978, pp. 1 188-1 197, E.B. 5 Dawson et al;

3) "WATER HARDNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY," Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 0077-8923/78/0304-0203, pp. 203 - 219, o Neir and Johansen; 1978;

4) "MINERALS, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND SUDDEN CORONARY DEATH," Adv. Cardioll, Vol. 25, pp. 9 - 24, H. Karppanen et al.; 5 1978; 5) "DRINKING WATER QUALITY AND SUDDEN

DEATH," Adv. Cardiol. Vol. 25, pp. 25 - 26, 1978 S. Punsar et al.

5 6) "MAGNESIUM IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND SUDDEN DEATH." Acta Cardiologica, Vol. 36, 1981.

7) "GEOCHEMISTRY, SOILS AND i o CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE" by R. Masironi,

Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Experienta, 1987.

is 8) "MAGNESIUM AND CERTAIN OTHER ELEMENTS AND

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE" in The Science of Total Environment. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1985.

9) "WATER HARDNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR o MORTALITY," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1978.

10) "MORTALITY AND THE CONCENTRATION OF ELEMENTS IN TAP WATER IN COUNTY

25 BOROUGHS IN ENGLAND AND WALES,"

British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine,

1977.

1 1 ) "ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE. WATER

3 o HARNESS AND MYOCARDIAL MAGNESIUM,"

CMA Journal, August, 1975; 12) "A REVIEW OF SOME EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE," The Journal of Medical Society of New Jersey, December, 1975.

5

13) "SHOULD MAGNESIUM THERAPY BE CONSIDERED FOR THE TREATMENT OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE? II. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN o OUTPATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT

CORONARY HEART DISEASE" by B. Lasserre, M. Spoerri, V. Moullet, M.P Theubet in Magnesium Research (1994 Jun); 7(2): 145-53. [Switzerland]

s 14) "IS HYPOMAGNESEMIA

ARRHYTHMOGENIC?" by T.A. Millane, D.E. Ward, A.J. Camm in Clinical Cardiology (1992 Feb); 15(2):103-8. [London, England.]

0 15) "MINERALS, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND SUDDEN

CORONARY DEATH," Advances in Cardiology, Volume 25, Basel, 1978.

16) "RELATIONSHIP OF METAL METABOLISM TO VASCULAR 5 DISEASE MORTALITY RATES IN TEXAS," by E.B. Dawson in

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1978.

17) "NEW CONCEPTS IN THE CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF MAGNESIUM AND TAURINE DURING THE CALCIUM o PARADOX AND ISCHAEMIA OF THE HEART" by M.S. Suleiman in Magnesium Research ( 1994 Dec); 7(3-4):295-312. [Bristol, England].

18) "MAGNESIUM ANTAGONIZES THE ACTIONS OF

5 LYSOPHOSPHATIDYL CHOLINE (LPC) IN MYOCARDIAL

CELLS: A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR ITS ANTIARRHYTHMIC EFFECTS" by R.C. Prielipp, J.F. Butterworth IV, P.R. Roberts, K.W. Black, G.P. Zaloga in Anesthesiology Analog (1995 Jun); 80(6): 1083-7. 0

19) "PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM ON RAISED SERUM LIPID PEROXIDE LEVELS AND AORTIC CHOLESTEROL DEPOSITION IN MICE FED AN ATHEROGENIC DIET" by Y. 5 Yamaguchi, S. Kitagawa, M. Kunitomo, M. Fijiwara in Magnesium Research (1994 Mar); 7(l ):31-7. [Japan]

20) "COMBINED EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM o DEFICIENCY AND AN ATHEROGENIC LEVEL

OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN ON UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN BY CULTURED HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. II. ELECTRON 5 MICROSCOPIC DATA" by S. Yokoyama, J. Gu, S.

Kashima. H.I. Nishida. T.L. Smith, F.A. Kummerow in Magnesium Research (1994 Jun); 7(2):97-105.

21 ) "EFFECT OF WATER CONTAINING CALCIUM o AND MAGNESIUM SULFATES ON THE

ELIMINATION OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE RAT" by C. Troussaint, E. Peuchant, C. Courtes, R. Jensen, J. Canellas in Archive of Int. Physiological Biochemistry ( 1988 Jun); 96(2): 89- 100. [Bordeaux, France]

5

22) "SERUM AND ERYTHROCYTE MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATIONS AND MIGRAINE" by J. Thomas, E. Thomas, E. Tomb m Magnesium Research (1992 Jun); 5(2):127-30. 0

23) "PREVENTION OF THE RECURRENCE OF URINARY LITHIASIS: MINERAL WATER WITH HIGH OR LOW CALCIUM CONTENT?" by M. Sommaπva, P. Rigatti, M.R. Viola in Minerva Med s (1987 Dec 31); 78(24): 1823-9. [Published in Italian.

Milan, Italy]

24) "ABSORBABILITY OF THE CALCIUM IN A HIGH-CALCIUM MINERAL WATER" by R.P. 0 Heaney, M.S. Dowell in Osteoporosis International

(1994 Nov); 4(6):323-4.

25) MAGNESIUM AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM" by P.J. Lefebvre. G. Paolisso, A.J. Scheen in 5 Therapie (1994 Jan-Feb); 49(1): 1-7. [Pubhshed in

French. Belgium.]

26) "CHROMIUM NUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY" by R.A. Anderson from Vitamin and Mineral o Nutπtion Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition

Research Center, U.S. Department of Agπculture, Agricultural Research Service. Beltsville, MD in Handbook of Nutπtion in the Aged. R.R. Watson, Ed; CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 385-92, 1994.

27) "SERUM CHROMIUM AND

ANGIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE" by H.A. Newman, R.F. Leighton, R.R. Lanese, N.A. Freeland in Clinical Chemistry ( 1978 April) 24(4):541-4.

28) "CHROMRJM DEFICIENCY AND

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK" by M. Simonoff in Cardiovascular Research (1984 Oct); 19(10):591-6.

29) "CHROMIUM DEPLETION IN THE

PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS" by E. Boyle Jr., B. Modschein, H.H. Dash in Southern Medical Journal (1977 Dec); 70(12): 1449-53.

30) "CHROMIUM AND CHOLESTEROL-INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RABBITS" by A.S. Abraham, B.A. Brook, U. Eylath in Annals of Nutritional Metabolism ( 1991 )35(4):203-7.

31 ) "RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS IN CHROMIUM DEFICIENCY" by R.A. Anderson from Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, Belsville Human Nutrition Research Center. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville. MD in Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease: An Update, pp.221-34, 1993.

The high incidence of hypertension is significantly related to the intake of sodium, and reducing sodium in the diet reduces hypertension. It is therefore advantageous to rid the body of excess sodium.

In U.S. Patent No. 4,325,975 "Mineralized Drinking Water and Method of Making Same," the inventors herein obtained patent coverage on a drinking water including strontium, magnesium, calcium and lithium salts. No mention or suggestion was made to include chromium salts.

However, neither the naturally occurring drinking waters of which we are aware nor any manufactured waters provide a formulation for mineralized drinking water which, in our opinion, is an optimum formulation in terms of maximizing the decrease in both the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The optimal mineralized drinking, i.e., potable water formulation strongly appears to have great utility in preventing cardiovascular diseases and is an aqueous solution consisting essentially of:

10- 100 mcg/liter Chromium ion; 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and 0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions. All the chemical elements are present in the ionic form - as water soluble salts, e.g., as sulfates. nitrates, or chlorides of the elements. The mineral water contains no sodium ions.

This precise combination of ingredients, and the concentration thereof, are believed to be most beneficial in preventing various cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertensive heart disease, hypertension, arteπosclerotic and degenerative heart disease, and generalized arteriosclerosis.

Each of the ionic forms of the elements appear to contπbute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease in vaπous ways. The introduction of lithium salts into the mineralized formulation acts as a natural diuretic removing excess or harmful levels of sodium, potassium and water, thereby reducing the incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions that may be induced by the presence of excessive sodium salts. Lithium also appears to have blood glucose lowering effects in hyperglycemic subjects. Acting in concert with the lithium salts are the water-soluble magnesium salts, which are very important as an activator of many enzymes, such as those concerned with the metabolism of adenosme triphosphate (ATP) and those essential for maintaining healthy myocardial tissues and healthy myocardial functioning. Magnesium salts are found to aid in preventing "sudden death" after myocardial infraction possibly by reducing the incidence and degree of cardiac arrhythmias following infraction, and by protecting against cardiotoxic agents. Calcium and strontium salts, too, have been found to reduce cardiovascular disease, possibly by competing with sodium and potassium for intestinal absorption and by increasing excretion of sodium.

Calcium also has significant hypohpemic effects (reducing fat in the blood).

The literature is voluminous on the advantages of reduced cardiovascular disease fortuitously occurring to those who happen to live in areas of the world which have naturally occurring highly mineralized waters. For example. West

Texas is reputed to have both the hardest, most heavily mineralized drinking water and the lowest cardiovascular mortality rates m the United States, a country which has the second highest national cardiovascular mortality rate m the world. See "Relationship of Metal Metabolism to Vascular Disease Mortality Rates m Texas," by E B Dawson in Ameπcan Journal of Clinical Nutπtion. 1978 However, of the 5 pπor art references of which the inventors are aware, none attempt to produce a mineralized potable water which has a zero sodium level, together with a combination of metals (in the form of water-soluble salts thereof) having known positive effects in decreasing the incidence and the effects of cardiovascular disease - and making this mineralized water available to the general public 0 regardless of their geographical location.

As noted above, the mineralized water of the invention has no sodium ion (l e table salt) The high incidence of hypertension is significantly related to the intake of sodium, from both food and water 5

The mineralized water of the invention causes less sodium to be absorbed from the gut because its minerals complete with sodium m the intestinal lumen (gut) for absorption Thus, much of the sodium ingested with food is not absorbed from the gut, but is instead excreted with bowel waste mateπal In addition, the o mineralized water bπngs about increased uπnary excretion of sodium by diuretic action and by the minerals competing with the kidneys for re-absorption Accordingly, the kidneys get πd of more sodium

The positive health effects of magnesium and calcium also include (1) 5 loweπng the blood cholesterol levels, particularlv of the low-density hpoprotein

(LDL), the so-called bad form of cholesterol which clogs arteπes, (2) improvements in the state of migraine patients, (3) reducing the incidence of recurπng kidnev stones, and (4) reducing diabetes

o Chromium deficiency in the human body can lead to numerous health problems including impaired glucose tolerance fasting hyperglycemia [abnormally high blood sugar] elevated circulating insulin elevated blood cholesterol - elevated blood triglycerides decreased HDL cholesterol peripheral neuropathy [damage to peripheral nerves in the body] brain disorders

There is significant evidence that people with coronary artery disease have a lower serum chromium concentration than do those patients with normally patent (open) arteries.

The recommended safe and adequate adult daily intake for chromium is 50 to 200 micrograms. However, those are reliable indications that females and males are consuming roughly 40 and 60 percent of the suggested minimum, respectively.

The potable water of the invention provides an ideal vehicle to carry the essential mineral chromium, magnesium, calcium and lithium, in an ionic form which is easy to consume, and which is easily absorbed into the bloodstream.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The mineralized water of this invention consists essentially of the following ingredients, ranges and proportions, viz an aqueous solution of:

10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ions; 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and 0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions.

10 The optimal formulation lies at or near the upper limits stated above

The stated metallic ions are added to distilled water in the form of water soluble salts thereof, e g., as the sulphates, nitrates, or chloπdes. No sodium is added.

One presently preferred method of preparation of the mineralized water of this invention utilizes a distilled water base into which the predetermined concentration of e.g., chromium chloπde, magnesium sulphate, calcium chloπde, and lithium chloπde are added. Other forms of salts can also be utilized.

The resulting mineralized water is then packed in suitable containers for later distπbution and use

It is also within the scope of this invention to prepare the potable mineralized water by simply adding a tablet, capsule, pellet or powder containing the water soluble salts of the metals to distilled water m a sufficient amount of produce the aforedescπbed concentration limits of metallic ions in the water, i.e.,

10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ions,

50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions, 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and 0 06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions.

The optimal formulation lies at or near the upper limits stated above

The epidemiological evidence indicates that the optimum formulation of mineralized water for daily ingestion purposes, I e., for use as a dπnking water, should not only contain the metallic ions of the foregoing salts but should be devoid of sodium salts A mineralized water based on this formulation does not appear in nature to the best of our knowledge yet appears to offer to offer

11 maximum protection against the development and effects of cardiovascular disease.

Vaπous modifications of the inventions will be apparent to those skilled in the art. We intend, therefore, to be bound only by the claims which follow.

12

Claims

WE CLAIM

1 A sodium free mineralized d╧Çnking water formulation which consists essentially of an aqueous solution containing, 10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ions;

50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions, 60-125 mg/hter Calcium ions; and 0 06-0 15 mg/hter Lithium ions, each of said ions being present in association with water-soluble salts

2 The sodium free mineralized dnnkmg water formulation of Claim 1, wherein said ions are in distilled water

3 A solid formulation which consists essentially of 0.01-0 10 parts, by weight, of chromium in a water-soluble salt thereof;

50-100 parts, by weight, of magnesium in a water-soluble salt thereof,

60-125 parts, by weight, of calcium in a water-soluble salt thereof, and

0 06-0 15 parts, by weight, lithium in a water-soluble salt thereof

4 The solid formulation of Claim 3, further comp╧Çsing 20-40 parts, by weight, of strontium in a water-soluble salt thereof

5 The solid formulation of Claim 3 in tablet form

The solid formulation of Claim 3 in a powder form

The solid formulation of Claim 3 in a capsule form

13

8. The solid formulation of Claim 3, which when added to a predetermined volume of distilled water, produces an aqueous solution containing:

10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ions; 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and

0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions.

9. The method of making a potable water which comprises the step of: adding to distilled water, water-soluble salts consisting essentially of chromium, magnesium, calcium and lithium in an amount sufficient to produce a concentration range of between

10-100 mcg/liter Chromium ion; 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ion; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ion; and 0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ion in said distilled water.

10. The method of Claim 9, wherein said water-soluble salts are added in tablet form.

1 1. The method of Claim 9, wherein said water soluble salts are added in powder form.

12. The method of Claim 9, wherein said water-soluble salts are added in capsule form.

14 AMENDED CLAIMS

[received by the International Bureau on 21 June 1999 (21.06.99); original claims 1-12 replaced by amended claims 1-22 (5 pages)]

1 A sodium free mineralized dnnkmg water formulation of an aqueous solution compnsmg:

0.010-0.100 mg/hter Chromium ions, 50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions. 60-125 mg hter Calcium ions: and

0 06-0.15 mg/hter Lithium ions, each of said ions being present in association with water-soluble salts.

2 The sodium free mineralized d╧Çnking water formulation of Claim 1. wherein said ions are in distilled water

3 The sodium free mineralized dnnkmg water formulation of Claim 1 or 2, further comp╧Çsing a concentration of Potassium ions less than or equal to the concentration of said Calcium ions.

4 A sodium free solid formulation which comprises: 0.01-0.10 parts, by weight, of chromium in a water-soluble salt thereof;

50-100 parts, by weight, of magnesium in a water-soluble salt thereof;

60-125 parts, by weight, of calcium in a water-soluble salt thereof; and

0.06-0.15 parts, by weight, lithium in a water-soluble salt thereof

5 The solid formulation of Claim 4. further comp╧Çsing 20-40 parts, bv weight, of strontium in a water-soluble salt thereof.

6 The solid formulation of Claim 4 or 5. further comp╧Çsing a

15 concentration of potassium less than or equal to the concentration of calcium, in a water-soluble salt thereof.

7. The solid formulation of any one of Claims 4, 5 or 6 in tablet form.

8. The solid formulation of any one of Claims 4, 5 or 6 in a powder form.

9. The solid formulation of any one of Claims 4, 5 or 6 in a capsule form.

10. The solid formulation of Claim 4, which when added to a predetermined volume of distilled water, produces an aqueous solution contaimng: 0.010-0.100 mg/hter Chromium ions;

50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and 0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions.

11. The solid formulation of Claim 6, which when added to a predetermined volume of distilled water, produces an aqueous solution containing- 0.010-0.100 mg/hter Chromium ions; 50-100 mg hter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg liter Calcium ions; and 0.06-0.15 mg/hter Lithium ions; -and a concentration of Potassium ions less than or equal to the concentration of said Calcium ions.

12. The method of making a potable sodium free water which comp╧Çses the step of: adding to distilled water, water-soluble salts comp╧Çsing chromium,

16 magnesium, calcium and lithium in an amount sufficient to produce a concentration range of between

0.010-0.100 mg/liter Chromium ions;

50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions; 60-125 mg/liter Calcium ions; and

0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions in said distilled water.

13. The method of Claim 12, further comprising adding to the distilled water, a water soluble salt of potassium in an amount sufficient to produce a concentration of potassium ions less than or equal to the concentration of Calcium ions.

14. The method of Claim 12 or 13, wherein said water-soluble salts are added in tablet form.

15. The method of any one of Claims 12, 13 or 14, wherein said water soluble salts are added in powder form.

16. The method of any one of Claims 12, 13 or 14, wherein said water-soluble salts are added in capsule form.

17. A sodium free mineralized drinking water formulation of an aqueous solution comprising: 0.010-0.100 mg/liter Chromium ions;

50-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions;

60-125 mg liter Calcium ions;

0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions; and less than 125 mg/liter Potassium ions, each of said ions being present in association with water-soluble salts.

17

18 The sodium free mineralized dnnkmg water formulation of Claim 17, wherein said ions are in distilled water

19. A sodium free mineralized dnnking water formulation which comp╧Çses an aqueous solution containing:

0.01-0.08 mg/hter Chromium ions; 30-100 mg/hter Magnesium ions; 30-125 mg/hter Calcium ions; 0.06-0.15 mg/hter Lithium ions; and 10- 100 mg/hter Potassium ions, each of said ions being present in association with water-soluble salts.

20. The sodium free mineralized drinking water formulation of claim 19, where in said ions are m distilled water.

21. A solid sodium free formulation which comprises: 0.01-0.08 parts, by weight, of chromium in a water-soluble salt thereof; 30-100 parts, by weight, of magnesium m a water-soluble salt thereof;

30-125 parts, by weight, of calcium in a water-soluble salt thereof; 0.06-0.015 parts, by weight, of lithium in a water-soluble salt thereof; and 10- 100 parts, by weight, potassium in a water-soluble salt thereof.

22. The method of making a potable water which comp╧Çses the step of: adding to distilled water, water-soluble salts comprising chromium, magnesium, calcium, lithium and potassium in an amount sufficient to produce a concentration range of between:

18

0.01-0.08 mg/liter Chromium ions;

30-100 mg/liter Magnesium ions;

30-125 mg/liter Calcium ions;

0.06-0.15 mg/liter Lithium ions; and

10-100 mg/liter Potassium ions, in said distilled water.

19