WO1999009420A1 - Battery storage state indicator - Google Patents

Battery storage state indicator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999009420A1
WO1999009420A1 PCT/AU1998/000632 AU9800632W WO9909420A1 WO 1999009420 A1 WO1999009420 A1 WO 1999009420A1 AU 9800632 W AU9800632 W AU 9800632W WO 9909420 A1 WO9909420 A1 WO 9909420A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
storage state
state indicator
battery storage
charge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1998/000632
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
John York Seymour
Original Assignee
John York Seymour
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by John York Seymour filed Critical John York Seymour
Priority to AU87193/98A priority Critical patent/AU8719398A/en
Publication of WO1999009420A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999009420A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention may act to
  • the battery storage state indicator prevents a fast charge being applied to the
  • the calculation includes the Arrhenius equation or approximations thereto to

Abstract

The invention comprises a battery storage state indicator that automatically predicts the suitability of a battery for fast charging. The prediction is based on the amount of time that the battery has been held in storage since the previous fast charge, and temperature may be included in the calculation.

Description

TITLE: BATTERY STORAGE STATE INDICATOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The success of the fast charging process of batteries like the sealed Nickel-Cadmium types
relies on the batteries being in a "fresh" state before they are charged. A battery of this type
will become "stale" in storage (typically over a period of one or two months) and then be
unsuitable for fast charging until the battery has been "reactivated" by a slow charge and in
some cases a subsequent discharge. The degradation of the batteries in storage may be
expected to be at the rate determined by the Arrhenius equation which expresses the time rate of change of the degradation of some device parameter as a function of absolute temperature.
In addition to the above described effect, cells of batteries in storage, by reason of having differing rates of internal self discharge, eventually assume significantly different charge
states. A battery having cells in differing states of charge often cannot be successfully fast
charged as the cells that are in a low state of charge cannot be fully charged without over
charging the cells that are in a higher state of charge. Currently, people or organisations
using secondary batteries rely on an often unreliable manual management system to decide
how to handle batteries that have been unused for a period of time. The success of such
systems relies on meticulous record keeping that often suffers from problems of non-
compliance by battery users or handlers. OBJECT:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery storage state indicator that will
obviate or minimise the foregoing problems in a simple yet effective manner or which will at
least provide the public with a useful choice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The invention provides a timing device located within or associated with the battery and
which is able to prevent fast charging of the battery by signalling to the charger or to the
person operating the charger that the battery is unsuitable for fast charging by reason of having been in storage too long. As an alternative to signalling, the invention may act to
prevent fast charging of the battery by limiting to any degree chosen, the charge that can be applied to the cells of the battery. The signalling could be by means of a visual indicator on
the battery or where the charger is sufficiently capable, by means of a signal to the charger via the battery terminals or by some other connection to the charger. In one form of the
invention, the timing device may be made aware of the battery temperature and may use an
approximation to the Arrhenius equation to give a more accurate indication of the batteries
true state. In this way, high temperature storage, which degrades the battery faster, will result
in the said indication occurring sooner. The indication may be reset automatically by a
subsequent slow charge of the battery, by the following use (discharge) of the battery or by
other suitable means. Accordingly in one aspect the invention consists of a battery storage state indicator that
automatically predicts the suitability of a battery for fast charging the prediction being based on the amount of time that the battery has been held in storage since a previous fast charge.
Preferably the battery storage state indicator signals said battery storage state to an operator
by human perceptible means such as visual or audible indicators.
Preferably the battery storage state indicator signals said battery storage state to the battery
charger by mechanical or electrical means.
Preferably the battery storage state indicator prevents a fast charge being applied to the
battery by limiting the charge that is applied to the battery.
Preferably the calculation of storage state includes temperature in such calculation.
Preferably the calculation includes the Arrhenius equation or approximations thereto to
estimate the effect of temperature on the degradation of the battery.
To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves
without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The
disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any
sense limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which is:
A block diagram of one form of battery storage state indicator according to a preferred form of the invention.
DICTIONARY
The following terms have the specified meanings when used in this document.
FRESH This describes (a condition of) a battery that has been used and fast charged recently so that subsequent fast charges can be carried out normally.
STALE This describes (a condition of) a battery that has been unused for some time and can no longer (by reason of that inactivity) be successfully or safely fast charged.
REACTIVATED This describes (a condition of) a battery that was previously stale but
has been made fresh by some process (as for example by a slow charge and discharge cycle).
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION:
In the preferred implementation shown in Fig. 1, includes a temperature sensor 1 that
converts the measured battery temperature to a useable electrical analog. This device could
conveniently be a thermistor of type K17 made by SIEMENS AG. The thermistor has the
useful characteristic that its electrical resistance depends in a predictable way on its
temperature. An analog to digital converter 2 produces a digital representation of an analog voltage input. This analog voltage input is derived from the thermistor by passing an
electrical current through the thermistor. In this way the temperature of the battery is rendered in digital form that is useable by processing device 3 which is preferably a micro
controller processing device. The processing device 3 could conveniently be a MC68HC705C8A made by MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR. The processing device 3
can use the temperature information produced by temperature sensor 1 converted to useable
form by analog to digital converter 2 under the control of a suitable program residing in the
processing device 3, to calculate the expected degree of degeneration of the battery due to
storage. This calculation may make use of the Arrhenius equation:
R(T) = A exp(-eAE/kT)
which is a physical model that gives the time rate of degradation of some device parameter
R(T) as a function of absolute temperature T. In this equation, e is the charge on the
electron, k is the Boltzmann constant, AE is the activation energy (an empirically determined
constant related to the particular degradation situation) and A is constant that can be
determined graphically. The results of the calculations may be made known to a person by
indicator 4 or communicated to a charger by interface 5. The processor communication may
be used to reset the time reference when the battery is charged and may be used to vary the
type of charge to be administered to the battery. In the simpler implementation the invention
may use only expired time and would have no need of a thermistor.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A battery storage state indicator that automatically predicts the suitability of a battery for fast charging the prediction being based on the amount of time that the battery has
been held in storage since the previous fast charge.
2. A battery storage indicator as claimed in claim 1 which signals said battery storage
state to an operator by human perceptible means such as visual or audible indicators.
3. A battery storage state indicator as claimed in claim 1 that signals said battery storage
state to the battery charger by mechanical or electrical means.
4. A battery storage state indicator as claimed in claim 1 that prevents a fast charge being
applied to the battery by limiting the charge that is applied to the battery.
5. A battery storage state indicator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the
calculation of storage state includes temperature in such calculation.
6. A battery storage state indicator as claimed in claim 5 wherein the calculation includes
the Arrhenius equation or approximations thereto to estimate the effect of temperature
on the degradation of the battery.
PCT/AU1998/000632 1997-08-12 1998-08-11 Battery storage state indicator WO1999009420A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU87193/98A AU8719398A (en) 1997-08-12 1998-08-11 Battery storage state indicator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ32854197 1997-08-12
NZ328541 1997-08-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999009420A1 true WO1999009420A1 (en) 1999-02-25

Family

ID=19926401

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1998/000632 WO1999009420A1 (en) 1997-08-12 1998-08-11 Battery storage state indicator

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8719398A (en)
WO (1) WO1999009420A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014070654A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Tesla Motors, Inc. Fast charge mode for extended trip
US10408884B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2019-09-10 Tti (Macao Commercial Offshore) Limited Power tool battery pack with wireless communication

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852652A (en) * 1973-08-06 1974-12-03 Motorola Inc Rapid battery charging system and method
US4670703A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-06-02 General Electric Company Battery charger with three different charging rates
US4949046A (en) * 1985-11-19 1990-08-14 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Battery state of charge indicator
EP0450783A2 (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-09 Nokia Mobile Phones (U.K.) Limited Battery charging system
US5200689A (en) * 1992-01-24 1993-04-06 Compaq Computer Corporation Battery charge monitor to determine fast charge termination
US5315228A (en) * 1992-01-24 1994-05-24 Compaq Computer Corp. Battery charge monitor and fuel gauge
US5600230A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-02-04 Intel Corporation Smart battery providing programmable remaining capacity and run-time alarms based on battery-specific characteristics
US5606242A (en) * 1994-10-04 1997-02-25 Duracell, Inc. Smart battery algorithm for reporting battery parameters to an external device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852652A (en) * 1973-08-06 1974-12-03 Motorola Inc Rapid battery charging system and method
US4670703A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-06-02 General Electric Company Battery charger with three different charging rates
US4949046A (en) * 1985-11-19 1990-08-14 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Battery state of charge indicator
EP0450783A2 (en) * 1990-04-05 1991-10-09 Nokia Mobile Phones (U.K.) Limited Battery charging system
US5200689A (en) * 1992-01-24 1993-04-06 Compaq Computer Corporation Battery charge monitor to determine fast charge termination
US5315228A (en) * 1992-01-24 1994-05-24 Compaq Computer Corp. Battery charge monitor and fuel gauge
US5606242A (en) * 1994-10-04 1997-02-25 Duracell, Inc. Smart battery algorithm for reporting battery parameters to an external device
US5600230A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-02-04 Intel Corporation Smart battery providing programmable remaining capacity and run-time alarms based on battery-specific characteristics

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014070654A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Tesla Motors, Inc. Fast charge mode for extended trip
US9728990B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2017-08-08 Tesla, Inc. Fast charge mode for extended trip
US10408884B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2019-09-10 Tti (Macao Commercial Offshore) Limited Power tool battery pack with wireless communication
US11143707B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2021-10-12 Tti (Macao Commercial Offshore) Limited Power tool battery pack with wireless communication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8719398A (en) 1999-03-08

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