WO1998032850A1 - Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders - Google Patents

Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998032850A1
WO1998032850A1 PCT/US1998/000468 US9800468W WO9832850A1 WO 1998032850 A1 WO1998032850 A1 WO 1998032850A1 US 9800468 W US9800468 W US 9800468W WO 9832850 A1 WO9832850 A1 WO 9832850A1
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nucleic acid
acid molecule
seq
sequence
cis element
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PCT/US1998/000468
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French (fr)
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WO1998032850A9 (en
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Thai D. Nguyen
Jon R. Polansky
Pu Chen
Hua Chen
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The Regents Of The University Of California
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Priority to AU58204/98A priority Critical patent/AU742405B2/en
Priority to JP53201798A priority patent/JP2001509669A/en
Priority to DE69838553T priority patent/DE69838553T2/en
Priority to EP98901761A priority patent/EP1012271B1/en
Priority to NZ336860A priority patent/NZ336860A/en
Priority to CA002278782A priority patent/CA2278782C/en
Publication of WO1998032850A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998032850A1/en
Publication of WO1998032850A9 publication Critical patent/WO1998032850A9/en
Priority to NO993653A priority patent/NO993653L/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/06—Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the fields of diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment, and concerns methods and reagents for diagnosing and treating glaucoma and related disorders.
  • Glaucomas are a group of debilitating eye diseases that are the leading cause of preventable blindness in the United States and other developed countries.
  • Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (“POAG”) is the most common form of glaucoma. The disease is characterized by the alteration of the trabecular meshwork, leading to obstruction of the normal ability of aqueous humor to leave the eye without closure of the space (e.g., the "angle") between the iris and cornea (see, Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthalmology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992)).
  • a characteristic of such obstruction in this disease is an increased intraocular pressure (“IOP”), resulting in progressive visual loss and blindness if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.
  • IOP intraocular pressure
  • the disease is estimated to affect between 0.4% and 3.3% of all adults over 40 years old (Leske, M.C. et al., Amer. J. Epidemiol. 113:1843-1846 (1986); Bengtsson, B., Br. ⁇ . Ophthamol. 73:483-487 (1989); Strong, N.P., Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12:3-7 (1992)). Moreover, the prevalence of the disease rises with age to over 6% of those 75 years or older (Strong, N.P., Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12:3-7 (1992)). A link between the IOP response of patients to glucocorticoids and the disease of POAG has long been suspected.
  • Patent Application No: 08/649,432 filed May 17, 1996, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein, disclosed a novel protein sequence highly induced by glucocorticoids in the endothelial lining cells of the human trabecular meshwork.
  • Nguyen et al, U.S. Patent Application No: 08/649,432 also disclosed the cDNA sequence for that protein, the protein itself, molecules that bind to it, and nucleic acid molecules that encode it, and provided improved methods and reagents for diagnosing glaucoma and related disorders, as well as for diagnosing other diseases or conditions, such as cardiovascular, immunological, or other diseases or conditions that affect the expression or activity of the protein.
  • the present invention provides improved diagnostic agents, prognostic agents, therapeutic agents and methods.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in said patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and (C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of the polymorphism is diagnostic of glau
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in said patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and (C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of the polymorphism is prognos
  • Another object of the invention is to provide marker nucleic acid molecules capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt , TIGRmt ⁇ and TIGRsvl .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, the marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of the patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between the marker nucleic acid molecule, and the complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from the patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in the patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said TIGR-
  • nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 1 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 3 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • Additional objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 4 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
  • Additional objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 5 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating glaucoma which comprises administering to a glaucomatous patient an effective amount of an agent that inhibits the synthesis of a TIGR protein.
  • the molecules of the present invention may be used to diagnose diseases or conditions which are characterized by alterations in the expression of extracellular proteins.
  • Figures 1A, IB, IC, ID and IE provide the nucleic acid sequence of a TIGR promoter region (SEQ ID NO: 1) from an individual without glaucoma.
  • Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D provide the location and sequence changes highlighted in bold associated with glaucoma mutants TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt ⁇ , and TIGRsvl (SEQ ID NO: 2).
  • Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, and 3G provide nucleic acid sequences of a
  • TIGR promoter and TIGR exons, TIGR introns and TIGR downstream sequences (SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • Figure 4 provides a diagrammatic representation of the location of primers on the TIGR gene promoter for Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis.
  • SSCP Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism
  • Figure 5 provides a diagrammatic representation of the TIGR exons and the arrangement of SSCP primers.
  • Figure 6 provides a homology analysis of TIGR homology with olf actomedin and olfactomedin-related proteins.
  • Figure 7 shows the nucleotide sequence of ⁇ GR (SEQ ID NO: 26).
  • Figure 8 shows the amino acid sequence of ⁇ GR (SEQ ID NO: 32).
  • glaucoma has its art recognized meaning, and includes both primary glaucomas, secondary glaucomas, juvenile glaucomas, congenital glaucomas, and familial glaucomas, including, without limitation, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases.
  • the methods of the present invention are particularly relevant to the diagnosis of POAG, OAG, juvenile glaucoma, and inherited glaucomas.
  • the methods of the present invention are also particularly relevant to the prognosis of POAG, OAG, juvenile glaucoma, and inherited glaucomas.
  • a disease or condition is said to be related to glaucoma if it possesses or exhibits a symptom of glaucoma, for example, an increased intra-ocular pressure resulting from aqueous outflow resistance (see, Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthamology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992)).
  • a symptom of glaucoma for example, an increased intra-ocular pressure resulting from aqueous outflow resistance (see, Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthamology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992)).
  • the preferred agents of the present invention are discussed in detail below.
  • the agents of the present invention are capable of being used to diagnose the presence or severity of glaucoma and its related diseases in a patient suffering from glaucoma (a "glaucomatous patient").
  • the agents of the present invention are also capable of being used to prognose the presence or severity of glaucoma and its related diseases in a person not yet suffering from any clinical manifestations of glaucoma.
  • Such agents may be either naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring.
  • a naturally occurring molecule may be "substantially purified,” if desired, such that one or more molecules that is or may be present in a naturally occurring preparation containing that molecule will have been removed or will be present at a lower concentration than that at which it would normally be found.
  • the agents of the present invention will preferably be "biologically active" with respect to either a structural attribute, such as the capacity of a nucleic acid to hybridize to another nucleic acid molecule, or the ability of a protein to be bound by antibody (or to compete with another molecule for such binding).
  • a structural attribute such as the capacity of a nucleic acid to hybridize to another nucleic acid molecule, or the ability of a protein to be bound by antibody (or to compete with another molecule for such binding).
  • such an attribute may be catalytic, and thus involve the capacity of the agent to mediate a chemical reaction or response.
  • ⁇ GR protein refers to a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32.
  • agents of the present invention comprise nucleic acid molecules, proteins, and organic molecules.
  • HTM cells Human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells are endothelial like cells which line the outflow channels by which aqueous humor exits the eye; altered synthetic function of the cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of steroid glaucoma and other types of glaucoma. Sustained steroid treatment of these cells are interesting because it showed that a major difference was observed when compared to 1-2 day glucocorticoid (GC) exposure. This difference appears relevant to the clinical onset of steroid glaucoma (1-6 weeks).
  • GC glucocorticoid
  • the clone Based on studies of 35s methionine cell labeling, the clone has the characteristics recently discovered for the major GC-induced extracellular glycoprotein in these cells, which is a sialenated, N- glycosylated molecule with a putative inositol phosphate anchor.
  • the induction of mRNA approached 4% of the total cellular mRNA.
  • the mRNA increased progressively over 10 days of dexamethasone treatment.
  • the ⁇ .2 clone is 2.0 Kb whereas the Northern blotting shows a band of 2.5 Kb.
  • the 3' end of the clone contains two consensus polyadenylation signals.
  • PjTIGR clone A genomic clone was isolated and designated PjTIGR clone (ATCC No: 97570, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland). In-situ hybridization using the PjTIGR clone shows a TIGR gene and/or a sequence or sequences that specifically hybridize to the ⁇ GR gene located at chromosome 1, q21-27, and more preferably to the ⁇ GR gene located at chromosome 1, q22-26, and most preferably to the ⁇ GR gene located at chromosome 1, q24.
  • Clone PjTIGR comprises human genomic sequences that specifically hybridize to the ⁇ GR gene cloned into the B ⁇ mHI site of vector pCYPAC (Ioannou et al, Nature Genetics, 6:84-89 (1994) herein incorporated by reference).
  • ⁇ GR gene refers to the region of DNA involved in producing a ⁇ GR protein; it includes, without limitation, regions preceeding and following the coding region as well as intervening sequences between individual coding regions.
  • ⁇ GR exon refers to any interrupted region of the TIGR gene that serves as a template for a mature ⁇ GR mRNA molecule.
  • ⁇ GR intron refers to a region of the TIGR gene which is non- coding and serves as a template for a ⁇ GR mRNA molecule.
  • TIGR gene near the D1S2536 marker with a LOD score of 6.0 (Richard et al, American Journal of Human Genetics 51.5: 915-921 (1993), herein incorporated by reference); Frazer et al, Genomics 14.3: 574-578 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Research Genetics, Huntsville, Alabama).
  • Other markers in this region include: D1S210; D1S1552; D1S2536; D1S2790; SHGC-12820; and D1S2558.
  • Sequences located upstream of the TIGR coding region are isolated and sequenced in a non-glaucomic individual.
  • the upstream sequence is set forth in SEQ ID. No. 1. Sequence comparisons of the upstream region of a non-glaucoma individual and individuals with glaucoma identify a number of mutations in individuals with glaucoma. These mutations are illustrated in Figure 2. Five mutations are identified.
  • TIGRmtl is the result of a replacement of a cytosine with a guanine at position 4337 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • TIGRmtl is the result of a replacement of a cytosine with a thymine at position 4950 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • TIGRmt3 is the result of an addition in the following order of a guanine, a thymine, a guanine, and a thymine (GTGT) at position 4998 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • GTGT thymine
  • TIGRmti is the result of a replacement of an adenine with a guanine at position 4256 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • TIGRmt ⁇ is the result of a replacement of a guanine with an adenine at position 4262 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • One or more of TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt4, and TIGRmt ⁇ can be homozygous or heterozygous.
  • Sequence comparisons of the upstream region of a non-glaucoma individual and individuals with glaucoma identify at least one sequence variation in individuals with glaucoma.
  • One such sequence variant is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • TIGRsvl is the result of a replacement of an adenine with a guanine at position 4406 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3).
  • Molecules comprising sequences upstream of the TIGR coding region provide useful markers for polymorphic studies.
  • Such molecules include primers suitable for single strand conformational polymorphic studies, examples of which are as follows: forward primer “Sk-la”: 5'-TGA GGC TTC CTC TGG AAA C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6); reverse primer “ca2”: 5'-TGA AAT CAG CAC ACC AGT AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 7); forward primer “CA2”: 5'-GCA CCC ATA CCC CAA TAA TAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8); reverse primer “Pr+1”: 5'-AGA GTT CCC CAG ATT TCA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 9); forward primer "Pr-1”: 5'-ATC TGG GGA ACT CTT CTC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A2)”: 5'-TAC AGT TGT TGC AGA TAC G
  • molecules comprising sequences within ⁇ GR exons provide useful markers for polymorphic studies.
  • Such ' molecules include primers suitable for single strand conformational polymorphic studies, examples of which are as follows: forward primer “KSIX”: 5'-CCT GAG ATG CCA GCT GTC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 17); reverse primer “SK1XX”: 5'-CTG AAG CAT TAG AAG CCA AC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 18); forward primer “KS2al”: 5'-ACC TTG GAC CAG GCT GCC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 19); reverse primer “SK3” 5'-AGG TTT GTT CGA GTT CCA G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 20); forward primer “KS4": 5'-ACA ATT ACT GGC AAG TAT GG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 21); reverse primer "SK6A”: 5'-CCT TCT CAG CCT TGC TAC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 22); forward primer "KS
  • Pr+3(4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr+2(4A1), and Pr+1(4A) are diagramatically set forth in Figure 4.
  • the location of primers: KSIX, SK1XX, Ks2al, SK3, KS4, SK6A, KS5, SK8, and KS6 are diagramatically set forth in Figure 5.
  • the primary structure of the TIGR coding region initiates from an ATG initiation site (SEQ ID NO:3, residues 5337-5339) and includes a 20 amino acid consensus signal sequence a second ATG (SEQ ID NO: 3, residues 5379-5381), indicating that the protein is a secretory protein.
  • the nucleotide sequence for the TIGR coding region is depicted in Figure 7 (SEQ ID NO: 26).
  • the protein contains an N-linked glycosylation site located in the most hydrophilic region of the molecule.
  • the amino terminal portion of the protein is highly polarized and adopts alpha helical structure as shown by its hydropathy profile and the Garnier-Robison structure analysis.
  • the protein contains a 25 amino acid hydrophobic region near its carboxy terminus.
  • This region may comprise a glucocorticoid- induced protein (GIP) anchoring sequence.
  • GIP glucocorticoid- induced protein
  • TIGR 12-0-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate
  • cis elements DNA motifs or cis elements are shown in Figure 1. These motifs include, without limitation, glucocorticoid response motif(s), shear stress response motif(s), NFKB recognition motif(s), and API motif(s). The locations of these and other motifs are diagramatically set forth in Figure 1.
  • cis elements capable of binding refers to the ability of one or more of the described cis elements to specifically bind an agent. Such binding may be by any chemical, physical or biological interaction between the cis element and the agent, including, but not limited, to any covalent, steric, agostic, electronic and ionic interaction between the cis element and the agent.
  • specifically binds refers to the ability of the agent to bind to a specified cis element but not to wholly unrelated nucleic acid sequences.
  • a preferred class of agents comprises ⁇ GR nucleic acid molecules (" ⁇ GR molecules”). Such molecules may be either DNA or RNA.
  • ⁇ GR molecules comprises the ⁇ GR protein, its peptide fragments, fusion proteins, and analogs.
  • rat PRL gene is highly restricted to pituitary lactotroph cells and is induced by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway.
  • At least one of the redundant pituitary specific elements (PRL-FP111) of the proximal rat PRL promotor is required for this protein kinase A effect (Rajnarayan et al, Molecular Endochronology 4: 502-512 (1995), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388 and 4491-4502, respectively.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the PRL-FP111 upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the PRL-FP111 upstream motif or cis element can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • GR/PR consensus sequence recognized by both the glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver and the progesterone receptor from rabbit uterus, has been reported to be involved in glucocorticoid and progesterone-dependent gene expression (Von der Ahe et al, Nature 313: 706-709 (1985), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to a GC/PR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues bound to an GC/PR upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues bound to an GC/PR upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Shear stress motif (SSRE) or cis element has been identified in a number of genes including platelet-derived growth factor B chain, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), ICAM-1 and TGF- ⁇ l (Resnick et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 80: 4591-4595 (1993), herein incorporated by reference). Transcription of these genes has been associated with humoral stimuli such as cytokines and bacterial products as well as hemodynamic stress forces. Sequences corresponding to a upstream shear stress motif or cis element are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597- 3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding the shear stress motif.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding the shear stress motif can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • GRE glucocorticoid response upstream motif
  • cis element A consensus sequence for a glucocorticoid response upstream motif (GRE) or cis element has been characterized (Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989); Becker et al, Nature 314: 686-688 (1986), herein incorporated by reference; Sakai et al, Genes and Development 1: 1144-1154 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Genes containing this upstream motif or cis element are regulated by glucocorticoids, progesterone, androgens and mineral corticoids (Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989)).
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of p53 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of p53 or its homologues bound to an CBE upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of p53 or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of p53 or its homologues bound to an CBE upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • NFE Nuclear factor ets-like
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NFE upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NFE upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • KTF.l-CS upstream motif or cis element
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues bound to a KTF.l-CS upstream motif or cis element
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues bound to a KTF.l-CS upstream motif or cis element
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • a progesterone responsive element that maps to the far upstream steroid dependent DNase hypersensitive site of chicken lysozyme chromatin has been characterized (Hecht et al, EMBO J. 7: 2063-2073 (1988), herein incorporated by reference).
  • the element confers hormonal regulation to a heterologous promoter and is composed of a cluster of progesterone receptor binding sites.
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a progesterone responsive PRE upstream motif or cis element.
  • Such agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • a sequence (ETF-EGFR) has been characterized which serves as a motif for a tr ⁇ ns-active transcription factor that regulates expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Regec et al, Blood 85:2711-2719 (1995), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to an ETF-EGFR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ETF-EGFR upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ETF-EGFR upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • SRE-cFos trans-acting factor
  • a sequence corresponding to an SRE-cFos upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an SRE-cFos upstream motif or cis element.
  • Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Alu repetitive elements are unique to primates and are interspersed within the human genome with an average spacing of 4Kb. While some Alu sequences are actively transcribed by polymerase IH, normal transcripts may also contain Alu- derived sequences in 5' or 3' untranslated regions (Jurka and Mikahanljaia, /. Mol Evolution 32: 105-121 (1991), herein incorporated by reference, Claveria and Makalowski, Nature 371: 751-752 (1994), herein incorporated by reference).
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an Alu upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an Alu upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • VBP vitellogenin gene-binding protein
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of VBP or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of VBP or its homologues bound to an VBP upstream motif or cis element
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of VBP or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of VBP or its homologues bound to an VBP upstream motif or cis element
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • a structural motif (Malt-CS) or cis element involved in the activation of all promoters of the maltose operons in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been characterized (Vidal-Ingigliardi et al, J. Mol. Biol 218: 323-334 (1991), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to a upstream Malt-CS motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding the upstream Malt-CS motif or cis element.
  • Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • a consensus sequence for an estrogen receptor upstream motif or cis element has been characterized (ERE) (Forman et al, Mol. Endocrinology 4: 1293-1301 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; de Verneuil et al, Nucleic Acid Res. 18: 4489-4497 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Gaub et al, Cell 63: 1267-1276 (1990), herein incorporated by reference.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration, of the estrogen receptor or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration, of the estrogen receptor or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NF-mutagen upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NF-mutagen upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • myc-PRF c-myc upstream motif or cis element
  • Myc-PRF interacts with another widely distributed protein, myc-CFl (common factor 1), which binds nearby and this association may be important in myc-PRF repression.
  • myc-CFl common factor 1
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues bound to an myc-PRF upstream motif or cis element
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues bound to an myc-PRF upstream motif or cis element
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Human transcription factor activator protein 2 (AP2) is a transcription factor that has been shown to bind to Spl, nuclear factor 1 (NF1) and simian virus 40 transplantation (SV40 T) antigen binding sites. It is developmentally regulated (Williams and Tijan, Gene Dev. 5: 670-682 (1991), herein incorporated by reference; Mitchell et al, Genes Dev.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of AP2 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of AP2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of AP2 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of AP2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Drosophila RNA polymerase ⁇ heat shock transcription factor is a transcription factor that has been shown to be required for active transcription of an hsp 70 gene (Parker and Topol, Cell 37: 273-283 (1984), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of HSTF or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of HSTF or its homologues bound to an HSTF upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the SBF upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the SBF upstream motif or cis element can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • NF1 motif or cis element has been identified which recognizes a family of at least six proteins (Courtois, et al, Nucleic Acid Res. 18: 57-64 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Mul et al, J. Virol 64: 5510-5518 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Rossi et al, Cell 52: 405-414 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Gounari et al, EMBO ⁇ .
  • the NF1 protein will bind to an NF1 motif or cis element either as a dimer (if the motif is palindromic) or as an single molecule (if the motif is not palindromic).
  • the NF1 protein is induced by TGF ⁇ (Faisst and Meyer, Nucleic Acid Research 20: 3-26 (1992), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF1 are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4143-4167, and 4886-4900, respectively.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF1 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF1 or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF1 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • NF-MHCIIA/B conserveed regulatory sequences (NF-MHCIIA/B) of a rabbit major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II gene are responsible for binding two distinct nuclear factors NF-MHCIIA and NF-MHCIIB and are believed to be involved in the regulation of coordinate expression of the class ⁇ genes — eg. MHC class II gene in B lymphocytes (Sittisombut Molecular and Cellular Biology 5: 2034- 2041 (1988), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to an NF- MHCIIA/B upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936- 2944.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF-MHCIIA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF-MHCHA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues bound to an NF-MHCIIA/B upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF-MHCIIA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF-MHCHA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues bound to an NF-MHCIIA/B upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • PEA 1 binding motifs or cis elements have been identified (Piette and Yaniv, EMBO /. 5: 1331-1337 (1987), herein incorporated by reference).
  • the PEA1 protein is a transcription factor that is reported to bind to both the polyoma virus and c-/os enhancers
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of PEA1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of PEA1 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • ICS cis-acting regulatory element
  • IFN interferon
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ICS upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ICS upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • ISGF2 upstream motif or cis element
  • a consensus sequence for an ISGF2 upstream motif or cis element has been characterized (Iman et al, Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6573-6580 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Harada et al, Cell 63: 303-312 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Yu-Lee et al, Mol Cell Biol 10: 3087-3094 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Pine et al, Mol Cell Biol 10: 32448-2457 (1990), herein incorporated by reference).
  • ISGF2 is induced by interferon ⁇ and ⁇ , prolactin and virus infections.
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of zinc.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of zinc.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the CAP/CRP-galO upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the CAP/CRP-galO upstream motif or cis element can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Human transcription factor activator protein 1 is a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate genes which are highly expressed in transformed cells such as stromelysin, c-/os, 04-anti-trypsin and collagenase (Gutman and Wasylyk, EMBO J. 9.7: 2241-2246 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Martin et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of API or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of API or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of API or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of API or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of API or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of API or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • SRY is a DNA binding protein known to bind to a CACA-rich region in the sry gene (Vriz et al, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 37: 1137-1146 (1995), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of SRY or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of SRY or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of SRY or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of SRY or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • PEA 3 binding motifs or cis elements have been identified (Martin et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 85: 5839-5843 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Gutman and Wasylyk, EMBO J. 7: 2241-2246 (1990), herein incorporated by reference).
  • the PEA3 protein is a transcription factor that is reported to interact with API like proteins (Martin et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 85: 5839-5843 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of PEA3 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of PEA3 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of PEA3 or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of PEA3 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • Mammalian interspersed repetitive (MIR) is an element involved in the coding and processing sequences of mammalian genes.
  • the MIR element is at least 260 bp in length and numbers about 10 5 copies within the mammalian genome (Murnane et al, Nucleic Acids Research 15: 2837-2839 (1995), herein incorporated by reference).
  • a sequence corresponding to an MIR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an MIR upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • HNF-1 hepatocyte-specific nuclear factor
  • a sequence corresponding to an HNF-1 upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941.
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues bound to an HNF-1 upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues bound to an HNF-1 upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • cis elements or upstream motifs have been associated with gene regulation by steroid and thyroid hormones (e.g. glucocorticoid and estrogen)(Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989), herein incorporated by reference; Brent et al, Molecular Endocrinology 89:1996-2000 (1989), herein incorporated by reference; Glass et al, Cell 54: 313-323 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Evans, Science 240: 889-895 (1988), herein incorporated by reference).
  • glucocorticoid and estrogen e.g. glucocorticoid and estrogen
  • Thyroid hormones are capable of regulating genes containing a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element (Glass et al, Cell 54: 313-323 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Thyroid hormones can negatively regulate TIGR.
  • transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element.
  • NFKB is a transcription factor that is reportedly associated with a number of biological processes including T-cell activation and cytokine regulation (Lenardo et al, Cell 58: 227-229 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). A consensus upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB has been reported (Lenardo et al, Cell 58: 227-229 (1989)).
  • transcription of ⁇ GR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NFKB or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NFKB or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NFKB or its homologues including, but not limited to, the concentration of NFKB or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element.
  • agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis.
  • such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  • nucleic acid molecule may be sense, antisense or triplex oligonucleotides corresponding to any part of the ⁇ GR promoter, ⁇ GR cDNA, TIGR intron, ⁇ GR exon or ⁇ GR gene.
  • the TIGR promoter, or fragment thereof, of the present invention may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a marker gene (e.g. firefly luciferase (de Wet, Mol Cell Biol 7: 725-737 (1987), herein incorporated by reference) or GUS (Jefferson et al, EMBO J. 6: 3901-3907 (1987), herein incorporated by reference)).
  • a ⁇ GR promoter may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a ⁇ GR gene in a suitable eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell (e.g. human trabecular cell, Chinese hamster cell, E. coli).
  • a ⁇ GR promoter may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a homologous or heterologous gene in a suitable eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells (e.g. human trabecular cell lines, Chinese hamster cells, E. coli).
  • a suitable eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells e.g. human trabecular cell lines, Chinese hamster cells, E. coli.
  • the TIGR promoter or any portion thereof of the present invention may be used in a gel-retardation or band shift assay (Old and Primrose, In Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction To Genetic Engineering, Blackwell (1994)). Any of the cis elements identified in the present invention may be used in a gel- retardation or band shift assay to isolate proteins capable of binding the cis element.
  • Suitable DNA fragments or molecules comprise or consist of one or more of the following: sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491- 4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536- 3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an up
  • a preferred class of agents of the present invention comprises nucleic acid molecules will encode all or a fragment of "TIGR promoter" or flanking gene sequences.
  • ⁇ GR promoter or “promoter” is used in an expansive sense to refer to the regulatory sequence(s) that control mRNA production. Such sequences include RNA polymerase binding sites, glucocorticoid response elements, enhancers, etc. All such ⁇ GR molecules may be used to diagnose the presence of glaucoma and severity of glaucoma. Such molecules may be either DNA or RNA.
  • Fragment nucleic acid molecules may encode significant portion(s) of, or indeed most of, SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the fragments may comprise smaller oligonucleotides (having from about 15 to about 250 nucleotide residues, and more preferably, about 15 to about 30 nucleotide residues.).
  • Such oligonucleotides include SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25.
  • oligonucleotides may derive from either the TIGR promoter, ⁇ GR introns, ⁇ GR exons, ⁇ GR cDNA and ⁇ GR downstream sequences comprise or consist of one or more of the following: sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536-3563, 4574-
  • nucleic acid molecules are said to be capable of specifically hybridizing to one another if the two molecules are capable of forming an anti-parallel, double-stranded nucleic acid structure, whereas they are unable to form a double-stranded structure when incubated with a non-TIGR nucleic acid molecule.
  • a nucleic acid molecule is said to be the "complement” of another nucleic acid molecule if they exhibit complete complementarity.
  • molecules are said to exhibit "complete complementarity" when every nucleotide of one of the molecules is complementary to a nucleotide of the other.
  • Two molecules are said to be “minimally complementary” if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under at least conventional "low-stringency” conditions. Similarly, the molecules are said to be “complementary” if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under conventional "high- stringency” conditions.
  • oligonucleotides may be employed to obtain other ⁇ GR nucleic acid molecules.
  • Such molecules include the TIGR-encoding nucleic acid molecule of non-human animals (particularly, cats, monkeys, rodents and dogs), fragments thereof, as well as their promoters and flanking sequences.
  • Such molecules can be readily obtained by using the above- described primers to screen cDNA or genomic libraries obtained from non-human species. Methods for forming such libraries are well known in the art.
  • Such analogs may differ in their nucleotide sequences from that of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, or from molecules consisting of sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 SEQ ID NO: 2
  • SEQ ID NO: 3 SEQ ID NO: 4
  • SEQ ID NO: 5 SEQ ID NO: 6
  • SEQ ID NO: 7 SEQ ID NO: 8
  • SEQ ID NO: 9 SEQ ID NO: 10
  • SEQ ID NO: 11 SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14,
  • SEQ ID NO: 15 SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding
  • the TIGR promoter sequence(s) and ⁇ GR flanking sequences can also be obtained by incubating oligonucleotide probes of TIGR oligonucleotides with members of genomic human libraries and recovering clones that hybridize to the probes.
  • methods of "chromosome walking," or 3' or 5' RACE may be used (Frohman, M.A. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) S5:8998-9002 (1988), herein incorporated by reference); Ohara, O. et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 86:5673-5677 (1989), herein incorporated by reference) to obtain such sequences.
  • a particularly desired use of the present invention relates to the diagnosis of glaucoma, POAG, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases.
  • Another particularly desired use of the present invention relates to the prognosis of glaucoma, POAG, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases.
  • glaucoma includes both primary glaucomas, secondary glaucomas, juvenile glaucomas, congenital glaucomas, and familial glaucomas, including, without limitation, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases.
  • methods for diagnosing or prognosing glaucoma suffer from inaccuracy, or require multiple examinations.
  • the molecules of the present invention may be used to define superior assays for glaucoma.
  • the molecules of the present invention may be used to diagnosis or predict an individual's sensitivity to elevated intraocular pressure upon administration of steroids such as glucocorticoids or corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory steroids).
  • steroids such as glucocorticoids or corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory steroids.
  • Dexamethasone, cortisol and prednisolone are preferred steroids for this purpose.
  • Medical conditions such as inflammatory and allergic disorders, as well as organ transplantation recipients, benefit from treatment with glucocorticoids.
  • Certain individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity to such steroids (i.e., "steroid sensitivity"), which is manifested by an undesired increase in intraocular pressure.
  • the present invention may be employed to diagnosis or predict such sensitivity, as well as glaucoma and related diseases.
  • the ⁇ GR molecules of the present invention are used to determine whether an individual has a mutation affecting the level (i.e., the concentration of TIGR mRNA or protein in a sample, etc.) or pattern (i.e., the kinetics of expression, rate of decomposition, stability profile, etc.) of the ⁇ GR expression (collectively, the " ⁇ GR response" of a cell or bodily fluid) (for example, a mutation in the TIGR gene, or in a regulatory region(s) or other gene(s) that control or affect the expression of ⁇ GR), and being predictive of individuals who would be predisposed to glaucoma (prognosis), related diseases, or steroid sensitivity.
  • a mutation affecting the level i.e., the concentration of TIGR mRNA or protein in a sample, etc.
  • pattern i.e., the kinetics of expression, rate of decomposition, stability profile, etc.
  • the ⁇ GR response for example, a mutation in the TIGR gene, or
  • the ⁇ GR response manifested by a cell or bodily fluid is said to be "altered” if it differs from the ⁇ GR response of cells or of bodily fluids of normal individuals. Such alteration may be manifested by either abnormally increased or abnormally diminished ⁇ GR response.
  • the ⁇ GR response manifested by the cell or bodily fluid of the patient is compared with that of a similar cell sample (or bodily fluid sample) of normal individuals.
  • such an analysis is conducted by determining the presence and /or identity of polymorphism(s) in the TIGR gene or its flanking regions which are associated with glaucoma, or a predisposition (prognosis) to glaucoma, related diseases, or steroid sensitivity.
  • ⁇ GR flanking regions refers to those regions which are located either upstream or downstream of the ⁇ GR coding region. Any of a variety of molecules can be used to identify such polymorphism(s).
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL- FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in
  • such polymorphisms can be detected through the use of a marker nucleic acid molecule or a marker protein that is genetically linked to (i.e., a polynucleotide that co-segregates with) such polymorphism(s).
  • a marker nucleic acid molecule or a marker protein that is genetically linked to i.e., a polynucleotide that co-segregates with
  • the TIGR gene and/or a sequence or sequences that specifically hybridize to the ⁇ GR gene have been mapped to chromosome lq, 21-32, and more preferably to the ⁇ GR gene located at chromosome 1, q21-27, and more preferably to the TIGR gene located at chromosome 1, q22-26, and most preferably to the ⁇ GR gene located at chromosome 1, q24.
  • such marker nucleic acid molecules will have the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is closely genetically linked to such polymorphism(s) (e.g., markers located at chromosome 1, ql9-25 (and more preferably chromosome 1, q23-25, and most preferably chromosome 1, q24. Localization studies using a Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel mapped the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is closely genetically linked to such polymorphism(s) (e.g., markers located at chromosome 1, ql9-25 (and more preferably chromosome 1, q23-25, and most preferably chromosome 1, q24. Localization studies using a Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel mapped the
  • TIGR gene with the D1S2536 marker nucleic acid molecules at the D1S2536 locus with a LOD score of 6.0.
  • Other marker nucleic acid molecules in this region include: D1S210; D1S1552; D1S2536; D1S2790; SHGC-12820; and D1S2558.
  • Other polynucleotide markers that map to such locations are known and can be employed to identify such polymorphism(s).
  • a "polymorphism" in the ⁇ GR gene or its flanking regions is a variation or difference in the sequence of the ⁇ GR gene or its flanking regions that arises in some of the members of a species.
  • the variant sequence and the "original" sequence co-exist in the species' population. In some instances, such co-existence is in stable or quasi-stable equilibrium.
  • a polymorphism is thus said to be "allelic,” in that, due to the existence of the polymorphism, some members of a species may have the original sequence (i.e. the original "allele") whereas other members may have the variant sequence (i.e. the variant "allele”). In the simplest case, only one variant sequence may exist, and the polymorphism is thus said to be di-allelic. In other cases, the species' population may contain multiple alleles, and the polymorphism is termed tri-allelic, etc.
  • a single gene may have multiple different unrelated polymorphisms. For example, it may have a di-allelic polymorphism at one site, and a multi-allelic polymorphism at another site.
  • the variation that defines the polymorphism may range from a single nucleotide variation to the insertion or deletion of extended regions within a gene.
  • the DNA sequence variations are in regions of the genome that are characterized by short tandem repeats (STRs) that include tandem di- or tri- nucleotide repeated motifs of nucleotides.
  • STRs short tandem repeats
  • Polymorphisms characterized by such tandem repeats are referred to as "variable number tandem repeat" (“VNTR”) polymorphisms.
  • VNTRs have been used in identity and paternity analysis (Weber, J.L., U.S. Patent 5,075,217; Armour, J.A.L. et al, FEBS Lett. 307:113-115 (1992); Jones, L.
  • such polymorphisms can be detected through the use of a marker nucleic acid molecule that is physically linked to such polymorphism(s).
  • marker nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide located within 1 mb of the polymorphism(s), and more preferably within 100 kb of the polymorphism(s), and most preferably within 10 kb of the polymorphism(s) can be employed.
  • marker nucleic acids examples include SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: ' 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25.
  • a marker nucleic acid in another embodiment, is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl, TIGRmt2, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt4, TIGRmt5, TIGRsvl,o ⁇ a combination of these mutations.
  • Methods to detect base(s) substitutions, base(s) deletions and base(s) additions are known in the art (i.e. methods to genotype an individual). For example, "Genetic Bit Analysis ("GBA”) method is disclosed by Goelet, P. et al, WO 92/15712, herein incorporated by reference, may be used for detecting the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the present invention.
  • GBA is a method of polymorphic site interrogation in which the nucleotide sequence information surrounding the site of variation in a target DNA sequence is used to design an oligonucleotide primer that is complementary to the region immediately adjacent to, but not including, the variable nucleotide in the target DNA.
  • the target DNA template is selected from the biological sample and hybridized to the interrogating primer.
  • This primer is extended by a single labeled dideoxynucleotide using DNA polymerase in the presence of two, and preferably all four chain terminating nucleoside triphosphate precursors.
  • the detection of polymorphic sites in a sample of DNA may be facilitated through the use of nucleic acid amplification methods. Such methods specifically increase the concentration of polynucleotides that span the polymorphic site, or include that site and sequences located either distal or proximal to it. Such amplified molecules can be readily detected by gel electrophoresis or other means.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • LCR Ligase Chain Reaction
  • LCR can be performed with oligonucleotides having the proximal and distal sequences of the same strand of a polymorphic site.
  • either oligonucleotide will be designed to include the actual polymorphic site of the polymorphism.
  • the reaction conditions are selected such that the oligonucleotides can be ligated together only if the target molecule either contains or lacks the specific nucleotide that is complementary to the polymorphic site present on the oligonucleotide.
  • the oligonucleotides may be selected such that they do not include the polymorphic site (see, Segev, D., PCT Application WO 90/01069).
  • OLA Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay
  • nucleic acid amplification procedures such as allele-specific oligomers, branched DNA technology, transcription-based amplification systems, or isothermal amplification methods may also be used to amplify and analyze such polymorphisms (Malek, L.T. et al, U.S. Patent 5,130,238; Davey, C. et al, European Patent Application 329,822; Schuster et al, U.S. Patent 5,169,766; Miller, H.I. et al, PCT appln. WO 89/06700; Kwoh, D. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • the identification of a polymorphism in the ⁇ GR gene can be determined in a variety of ways. By correlating the presence or absence of glaucoma in an individual with the presence or absence of a polymorphism in the ⁇ GR gene or its flanking regions, it is possible to diagnose the predisposition (prognosis) of an asymptomatic patient to glaucoma, related diseases, or steroid sensitivity. If a polymorphism creates or destroys a restriction endonuclease cleavage site, or if it results in the loss or insertion of DNA (e.g., a VNTR polymorphism), it will alter the size or profile of the DNA fragments that are generated by digestion with that restriction endonuclease.
  • RFLPs restriction fragment length polymorphisms
  • RFLPs have been widely used in human and animal genetic analyses (Glassberg, J., UK patent Application 2135774; Skolnick, M.H. et al, Cytogen. Cell Genet. 32:58-67 (1982); Botstein, D. et al, Ann. J. Hum. Genet. 32:314-331 (1980); Fischer, S.G et al. (PCT Application WO90/13668); Uhlen, M., PCT Application WO90/11369)).
  • the role of ⁇ GR in glaucoma pathogenesis indicates that the presence of genetic alterations (e.g., DNA polymorphisms) that affect the ⁇ GR response can be employed to predict glaucoma
  • a preferred method of achieving such identification employs the single- strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) approach.
  • the SSCP technique is a method capable of identifying most sequence variations in a single strand of DNA, typically between 150 and 250 nucleotides in length (Elles, Methods in Molecular Medicine: Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Humana Press (1996), herein incorporated by reference); Orita et al, Genomics 5: 874-879 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). Under denaturing conditions a single strand of DNA will adopt a conformation that is uniquely dependent on its sequence conformation. This conformation usually will be different, even if only a single base is changed.
  • a sample DNA is obtained from a patient's cells.
  • the DNA sample is obtained from the patient's blood.
  • any source of DNA may be used.
  • the DNA is subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion.
  • ⁇ GR is used as a probe in accordance with the above-described RFLP methods. By comparing the RFLP pattern of the ⁇ GR gene obtained from normal and glaucomatous patients, one can determine a patient's predisposition (prognosis) to glaucoma. The polymorphism obtained in this approach can then be cloned to identify the mutation at the coding region which alters the protein's structure or regulatory region of the gene which affects its expression level.
  • Changes involving promoter interactions with other regulatory proteins can be identified by, for example, gel shift assays using HTM cell extracts, fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye, serum, etc. Interactions of TIGR protein in glaucomatous cell extracts, fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye, serum, etc. can be compared to control samples to thereby identify changes in those properties of TIGR that relate to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Similarly such extracts and fluids as well as others (blood, etc.) can be used to diagnosis or predict steroid sensitivity.
  • polymorphisms may be identified through such methods. Examples of such classes include: (1) polymorphisms present in the ⁇ GR cDNA of different individuals; (2) polymorphisms in non-translated TIGR gene sequences, including the promoter or other regulatory regions of the ⁇ GR gene; (3) polymorphisms in genes whose products interact with ⁇ GR regulatory sequences; (4) polymorphisms in gene sequences whose products interact with the TIGR protein, or to which the ⁇ GR protein binds.
  • the evaluation is conducted using oligonucleotide "probes" whose sequence is complementary to that of a portion of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 5. Such molecules are then incubated with cell extracts of a patient under conditions sufficient to permit nucleic acid hybridization.
  • glaucoma could be diagnosed or predicted by determining whether the administration of a glucocorticoid (administered topically, intraocularly, intramuscularly, systemically, or otherwise) alters the ⁇ GR response of a particular individual, relative to that of normal individuals.
  • a ⁇ GR gene-inducing amount of the glucocorticoid will be provided.
  • a ⁇ GR gene-inducing amount of a glucocorticoid is an amount of glucocorticoid sufficient to cause a detectable induction of ⁇ GR expression in cells of glaucomatous or non-glaucomatous individuals.
  • the agents of the present invention can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmacologically acceptable compositions, whereby these materials, or their functional derivatives, having the desired degree of purity are combined in admixture with a physiologically acceptable carrier, excipient, or stabilizer. Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed.
  • the active component of such compositions may be agents analogs or mimetics of such molecules. Where nucleic acid molecules are employed, such molecules may be sense, antisense or triplex oligonucleotides of the TIGR promoter, ⁇ GR cDNA, ⁇ GR intron, ⁇ GR exon or ⁇ GR gene.
  • a composition is said to be "pharmacologically acceptable” if its administration can be tolerated by a recipient patient.
  • An agent is physiologically significant if its presence results in a detectable change in the physiology of a recipient patient.
  • Suitable vehicles and their formulation, inclusive of other human proteins, e.g., human serum albumin, are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (16th ed., Osol, A., Ed., Mack, Easton PA (1980)).
  • a buffer such as phosphate or other organic acid salt preferably at a pH of about 7 to 8.
  • the composition is only partially soluble in water, it may be prepared as a microemulsion by formulating it with a nonionic surfactant such as Tween, Pluronics, or PEG, e.g., Tween 80, in an amount of, for example, 0.04-0.05% (w/v), to increase its solubility.
  • a nonionic surfactant such as Tween, Pluronics, or PEG, e.g., Tween 80, in an amount of, for example, 0.04-0.05% (w/v), to increase its solubility.
  • water soluble as applied to the polysaccharides and polyethylene glycols is meant to include colloidal solutions and dispersions.
  • solubility of the cellulose derivatives is determined by the degree of substitution of ether groups, and the stabilizing derivatives useful herein should have a sufficient quantity of such ether groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain to render the derivatives water soluble.
  • a degree of ether substitution of at least 0.35 ether groups per anhydroglucose unit is generally sufficient.
  • the cellulose derivatives may be in the form of alkali metal salts, for example, the Li, Na, K or Cs salts.
  • antioxidants e.g., ascorbic acid
  • low molecular weight polypeptides e.g., polyarginine or tripeptides
  • proteins such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins
  • hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • amino acids such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine
  • monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose, or dextrins
  • chelating agents such as EDTA
  • sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol.
  • Controlled or sustained release preparations may be achieved through the use of polymers to complex or absorb the ⁇ GR molecule(s) of the composition.
  • the controlled delivery may be exercised by selecting appropriate macromolecules (for example polyesters, polyamino acids, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenevinylacetate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, or protamine sulfate) and the concentration of macromolecules as well as the methods of incorporation in order to control release.
  • Sustained release formulations may also be prepared, and include the formation of microcapsular particles and implantable articles.
  • the TIGR molecule(s) of the composition is preferably incorporated into a biodegradable matrix or microcapsule.
  • a suitable material for this purpose is a polylactide, although other polymers of poly-(a- hydroxycarboxylic acids), such as poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (EP 133,988A), can be used.
  • Other biodegradable polymers include poly(lactones), poly(orthoesters), polyamino acids, hydrogels, or poly(orthocarbonates) poly(acetals).
  • the polymeric material may also comprise polyesters, poly(lactic acid) or ethylene vinylacetate copolymers.
  • sustained release compositions see U.S. Patent No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481A, U.S. Patent No. 3,887,699, EP 158,277 A, Canadian Patent No. 1176565, Sidman, U. et al, Biopolymers 22:547 (1983), and Langer, R. et al, Chem. Tech. 12:98 (1982).
  • microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatine-microcapsules and poly(methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, or in colloidal drug delivery systems, for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and nanocapsules or in macroemulsions.
  • colloidal drug delivery systems for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and nanocapsules or in macroemulsions.
  • liposome formulations and methods that permit intracellular uptake of the molecule will be employed. Suitable methods are known in the art, see, for example, Chicz, R.M. et al. (PCT Application WO 94/04557), Jaysena, S.D. et al. (PCT Application W093/12234), Yarosh, D.B. (U.S. Patent No. 5,190,762), Callahan, M.V. et al. (U.S. Patent No. 5,270,052) and Gonzalezro, R.J. (PCT Application 91/05771), all herein incorporated by reference.
  • SSCP Single strand conformational polymorphism
  • primers are constructed: forward primer “Sk-la”: 5'-TGA GGC TTC CTC TGG AAA C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6); reverse primer “ca2”: 5'- TGA AAT CAG CAC ACC AGT AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 7); forward primer “CA2”: 5'- GCA CCC ATA CCC CAA TAA TAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8); reverse primer “Pr+1”: 5'- AGA GTT CCC CAG ATT TCA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 9); forward primer "Pr-1”: 5'- ATC TGG GGA ACT CTT CTC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A2)”: 5'-TAC AGT TGT TGC AGA TAC G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11); forward primer "Pr- 2(4A)”: 5'-ACA ACG TAT CTG CAA CAA CTG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12);
  • the locations of primers: Sk-la, ca2, CA2, Pr+1, Pr-1, Pr+2(4A2), Pr-2(4A), Pr+3(4A), Pr-3 (4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr+2(4A1), and Pr+1(4A) are diagramatically set forth in Figure 4.
  • the location of primers: KSIX, SK1XX, Ks2al, SK3, KS4, SK6A, KS5, SK8, and KS6 are diagramatically set forth in Figure 5.
  • SSCP primers SK-la, ca2, CA2, Pr+1, Pr-2(4A), Pr+3(4A), SK1XX, and KS6 detect single strand conformational polymorphisms in this population.
  • An SSCP is detected using SSCP primers Pr+3(4A) and Pr-2(4A). 70 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon are screened with these primers and the results are set forth in Table 1.
  • a second SSCP is detected using SSCP primers Pr+1 and CA2. 14 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon are screened with these primers. A characteristic polymorphism is found in the 6 affected family members but absent in the 8 unaffected members.
  • a third SSCP is detected using SSCP primers ca2 and sk- la. The same 14 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon that are screened with Pr+1 and CA2 are screened with ca2 and sk-la primers. A characteristic polymorphism is found in the 6 affected family members but absent in the 8 unaffected members.
  • a fourth SSCP is detected using SSCP primers KS6 and SK1XX. 22 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon and 10 members of a Portland, Oregon pedigree are screened with these primers. A polymorphism is found in exon 3. The results are as set forth in Table 2.
  • myocilin A novel myosin-like acidic protein termed myocilin is expressed predominantly in the photoreceptor cells of retina and is localized particularly in the rootlet and basal body of connecting cilium (Kubota et al, Genomics 41: 360-369 (1997), herein incorporated by reference).
  • the myocilin gene is mapped to human chromosome Iq23-q24.
  • the coding region of myocilin is 100 percent homologous with TIGR.
  • Homology searches are performed by GCG (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, WI) and include the GenBank, EMBL, Swiss-Prot databases and EST analysis. Using the Blast search, the best fits are found with a stretch of 177 amino acids in the carboxy terminals for an extracellular mucus protein of the olfactory, olfactomedin and three olfactomedin-like species.
  • the alignment presented in Figure 6 shows the ⁇ GR homology (SEQ ID NO. 27) to an expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence from human brain (ym08hl2.rl)(SEQ ID NO.
  • CTCAAAGTGG TAATAACAGT ACCTGTGATT TTGTCATTAC CAATAGAAAT CACAGACATT 4380
  • TAGGAACTAT TATTGGGGTA TGGGTGCATA AATTGGGATG TTCTTTTTAA AAAGAAACTC 5100
  • CTCAAAGTGG TAATAAGAGT ACCTGTGATT TTGTCATTAC CAATAGAAAT CACAGACATT 4380
  • TAGGAACTAT TATTGGGGTA TGGGTGCATA AATTGGGATG TTCTTTTTAA AAAGAAACTC 5100
  • Glu Lys Glu lie Pro Gly Ala Gly Tyr His Gly Gin Phe Pro Tyr Ser
  • Trp Val lie Tyr Ser Thr Asp Glu Ala Lys Gly Ala lie Val Leu Ser 65 70 75 80
  • MOLECULE TYPE protein
  • FRAGMENT TYPE N-terminal

Abstract

The nucleic acid upstream of the TIGR protein encoding sequence can be used to diagnose glaucoma. Polymorphisms, base substitutions, base additions located with the upstream and within TIGR exons can also be used to diagnose glaucoma. In addition, polymorphisms, base substitutions, base additions located with the upstream and within TIGR exons can also be used to prognose glaucoma.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA AND RELATED DISORDERS
FIELP QF THE INVENTION:
The present invention is in the fields of diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment, and concerns methods and reagents for diagnosing and treating glaucoma and related disorders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
"Glaucomas" are a group of debilitating eye diseases that are the leading cause of preventable blindness in the United States and other developed nations. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ("POAG") is the most common form of glaucoma. The disease is characterized by the alteration of the trabecular meshwork, leading to obstruction of the normal ability of aqueous humor to leave the eye without closure of the space (e.g., the "angle") between the iris and cornea (see, Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthalmology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992)). A characteristic of such obstruction in this disease is an increased intraocular pressure ("IOP"), resulting in progressive visual loss and blindness if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.
The disease is estimated to affect between 0.4% and 3.3% of all adults over 40 years old (Leske, M.C. et al., Amer. J. Epidemiol. 113:1843-1846 (1986); Bengtsson, B., Br. }. Ophthamol. 73:483-487 (1989); Strong, N.P., Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12:3-7 (1992)). Moreover, the prevalence of the disease rises with age to over 6% of those 75 years or older (Strong, N.P., Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12:3-7 (1992)). A link between the IOP response of patients to glucocorticoids and the disease of POAG has long been suspected. While only 5% of the normal population shows a high IOP increase (16 mm Hg) to topical glucocorticoid testing, greater than 40-50% of patients with POAG show this response. In addition, an Open Angle glaucoma may be induced by exposure to glucocorticoids. This observation has suggested that an increased or abnormal glucocorticoid response in trabecular cells may be involved in POAG (Zhan, G.L. et al, Exper. Eye Res. 54:211-218 (1992); Yun, A.J. et al, Invest. Ophthamol. Vis. Sci. 30:2012-2022 (1989); Clark, A.F., Exper. Eye Res. 55:265 (1992); Klemetti, A., Ada Ophthamol. 68:29-33 (1990); Knepper, P.A., U.S. Patent No.4,617,299). The ability of glucocorticoids to induce a glaucoma-like condition has led to efforts to identify genes or gene products that would be induced by the cells of the trabecular meshwork in response to glucocorticoids (Polansky, J.R. et al, In: Glaucoma Update IV, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, pp. 20-29 (1991)). Initial efforts using short-term exposure to dexamethasone revealed only changes in specific protein synthesis. Extended exposure to relatively high levels of dexamethasone was, however, found to induce the expression of related 66 kD and 55 kD proteins that could be visualized by gel electrophoresis (Polansky, J.R. et al, In: Glaucoma Update IV, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, pp. 20-29 (1991)). The induction kinetics of these proteins as well as their dose response characteristics were similar to the kinetics that were required for steroid-induced IOP elevation in human subjects (Polansky, J.R. et al, In: Glaucoma Update IV, Springer- Verlag, Berlin, pp. 20- 29 (1991)). Problems of aggregation and apparent instability or loss of protein in the purification process were obstacles in obtaining a direct protein sequence.
Because increased IOP is a readily measurable characteristic of glaucoma, the diagnosis of the disease is largely screened for by measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry) (Strong, N.P., Ophthal. Physiol Opt. 12:3-7 (1992), Greve, M. et al, Can. J. Ophthamol. 25:201-206 (1993)). Unfortunately, because glaucomatous and normal pressure ranges overlap, such methods are of limited value unless multiple readings are obtained (Hitchings, R.A., Br. J. Ophthamol 77:326 (1993); Tuck, M.W. et al, Ophthal Physiol Opt. 13:227-232 (1993); Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthamology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992); Vernon, S.A., Eye 7:134-137 (1993)). For this reason, additional methods, such as direct examination of the optic disk and determination of the extent of a patient's visual field loss are often conducted to improve the accuracy of diagnosis (Greve, M. et al, Can. J. Ophthamol 25:201- 206 (1993)). Moreover, these techniques are of limited prognostic value. Nguyen et al, U.S. Patent Application No: 08/649,432 filed May 17, 1996, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth at length herein, disclosed a novel protein sequence highly induced by glucocorticoids in the endothelial lining cells of the human trabecular meshwork. Nguyen et al, U.S. Patent Application No: 08/649,432 also disclosed the cDNA sequence for that protein, the protein itself, molecules that bind to it, and nucleic acid molecules that encode it, and provided improved methods and reagents for diagnosing glaucoma and related disorders, as well as for diagnosing other diseases or conditions, such as cardiovascular, immunological, or other diseases or conditions that affect the expression or activity of the protein.
The present invention provides improved diagnostic agents, prognostic agents, therapeutic agents and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
An object of the invention is to provide a method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in said patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and (C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of the polymorphism is diagnostic of glaucoma.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in said patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and (C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of the polymorphism is prognostic of glaucoma.
Another object of the invention is to provide marker nucleic acid molecules capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt , TIGRmtδ and TIGRsvl . Another object of the invention is to provide a method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient which comprises the steps: (A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, the marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of the patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between the marker nucleic acid molecule, and the complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from the patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting TIGR response in the patient; (B) permitting hybridization between said TIGR-encoding marker nucleic acid molecule and the complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from the patient; and (C) detecting the presence of the polymorphism, wherein the detection of the polymorphism is diagnostic of steroid sensitivity.
Further objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 1 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
Further objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 3 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
Additional objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 4 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
Additional objects of the invention provide a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, recombinant DNA molecules containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 5 and substantially purified molecules that specifically bind to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating glaucoma which comprises administering to a glaucomatous patient an effective amount of an agent that inhibits the synthesis of a TIGR protein.
Indeed, the molecules of the present invention may be used to diagnose diseases or conditions which are characterized by alterations in the expression of extracellular proteins.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES: Figures 1A, IB, IC, ID and IE provide the nucleic acid sequence of a TIGR promoter region (SEQ ID NO: 1) from an individual without glaucoma.
Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D provide the location and sequence changes highlighted in bold associated with glaucoma mutants TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmtl, TIGRmtδ, and TIGRsvl (SEQ ID NO: 2). Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, and 3G provide nucleic acid sequences of a
TIGR promoter, and TIGR exons, TIGR introns and TIGR downstream sequences (SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, and SEQ ID NO: 5).
Figure 4 provides a diagrammatic representation of the location of primers on the TIGR gene promoter for Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis.
Figure 5 provides a diagrammatic representation of the TIGR exons and the arrangement of SSCP primers.
Figure 6 provides a homology analysis of TIGR homology with olf actomedin and olfactomedin-related proteins. Figure 7 shows the nucleotide sequence of ΗGR (SEQ ID NO: 26).
Figure 8 shows the amino acid sequence of ΗGR (SEQ ID NO: 32).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
I. Agents of the Invention As used herein, the term "glaucoma" has its art recognized meaning, and includes both primary glaucomas, secondary glaucomas, juvenile glaucomas, congenital glaucomas, and familial glaucomas, including, without limitation, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases. The methods of the present invention are particularly relevant to the diagnosis of POAG, OAG, juvenile glaucoma, and inherited glaucomas. The methods of the present invention are also particularly relevant to the prognosis of POAG, OAG, juvenile glaucoma, and inherited glaucomas. A disease or condition is said to be related to glaucoma if it possesses or exhibits a symptom of glaucoma, for example, an increased intra-ocular pressure resulting from aqueous outflow resistance (see, Vaughan, D. et al, In: General Ophthamology, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, CT, pp. 213-230 (1992)). The preferred agents of the present invention are discussed in detail below.
The agents of the present invention are capable of being used to diagnose the presence or severity of glaucoma and its related diseases in a patient suffering from glaucoma (a "glaucomatous patient"). The agents of the present invention are also capable of being used to prognose the presence or severity of glaucoma and its related diseases in a person not yet suffering from any clinical manifestations of glaucoma. Such agents may be either naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. As used herein, a naturally occurring molecule may be "substantially purified," if desired, such that one or more molecules that is or may be present in a naturally occurring preparation containing that molecule will have been removed or will be present at a lower concentration than that at which it would normally be found. The agents of the present invention will preferably be "biologically active" with respect to either a structural attribute, such as the capacity of a nucleic acid to hybridize to another nucleic acid molecule, or the ability of a protein to be bound by antibody (or to compete with another molecule for such binding). Alternatively, such an attribute may be catalytic, and thus involve the capacity of the agent to mediate a chemical reaction or response.
As used herein, the term "ΗGR protein" refers to a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. As used herein, the agents of the present invention comprise nucleic acid molecules, proteins, and organic molecules.
As indicated above, the trabecular meshwork has been proposed to play an important role in the normal flow of the aqueous, and has been presumed to be the major site of outflow resistance in glaucomatous eyes. Human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells are endothelial like cells which line the outflow channels by which aqueous humor exits the eye; altered synthetic function of the cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of steroid glaucoma and other types of glaucoma. Sustained steroid treatment of these cells are interesting because it showed that a major difference was observed when compared to 1-2 day glucocorticoid (GC) exposure. This difference appears relevant to the clinical onset of steroid glaucoma (1-6 weeks).
Although trabecular meshwork cells had been found to induce specific proteins in response to glucocorticoids (see, Polansky, J.R., In: "Basic Aspects of Glaucoma Research III", Schattauer, New York 307-318 (1993)), efforts to purify the expressed protein were encumbered by insolubility and other problems. Nguyen, T.D. et al, (In: "Basic Aspects of Glaucoma Research III", Schattauer, New York, 331-343 (1993), herein incorporated by reference) used a molecular cloning approach to isolate a highly induced mRNA species from glucocorticoid-induced human trabecular cells. The mRNA exhibited a time course of induction that was similar to the glucocorticoid-induced proteins. The clone was designated "II.2" (ATCC No: 97994, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville Maryland).
Nguyen et al, U.S. Patent Application No: 08/649,432 filed May 17, 1996, isolated a π.2 clone which encoded a novel secretory protein that is induced in cells of the trabecular meshwork upon exposure to glucocorticoids. It has been proposed that this protein may become deposited in the extracellular spaces of the trabecular meshwork and bind to the surface of the endothelial cells that line the trabecular meshwork, thus causing a decrease in aqueous flow. Quantitative dot blot analysis and PCR evaluations have shown that the mRNA exhibits a progressive induction with time whereas other known GC-inductions from other systems and found in HTM cells (metallothionein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin) reached maximum level at one day or earlier. Of particular interest, the induction level of this clone was very high (4-6% total cellular mRNA) with control levels undetectable without PCR method. Based on studies of 35s methionine cell labeling, the clone has the characteristics recently discovered for the major GC-induced extracellular glycoprotein in these cells, which is a sialenated, N- glycosylated molecule with a putative inositol phosphate anchor. The induction of mRNA approached 4% of the total cellular mRNA. The mRNA increased progressively over 10 days of dexamethasone treatment. The π.2 clone is 2.0 Kb whereas the Northern blotting shows a band of 2.5 Kb. Although not including a poly A tail, the 3' end of the clone contains two consensus polyadenylation signals.
A genomic clone was isolated and designated PjTIGR clone (ATCC No: 97570, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland). In-situ hybridization using the PjTIGR clone shows a TIGR gene and/or a sequence or sequences that specifically hybridize to the ΗGR gene located at chromosome 1, q21-27, and more preferably to the ΗGR gene located at chromosome 1, q22-26, and most preferably to the ΗGR gene located at chromosome 1, q24. Clone PjTIGR comprises human genomic sequences that specifically hybridize to the ΗGR gene cloned into the BαmHI site of vector pCYPAC (Ioannou et al, Nature Genetics, 6:84-89 (1994) herein incorporated by reference).
As used herein, the term "ΗGR gene" refers to the region of DNA involved in producing a ΗGR protein; it includes, without limitation, regions preceeding and following the coding region as well as intervening sequences between individual coding regions.
As used herein, the term "ΗGR exon" refers to any interrupted region of the TIGR gene that serves as a template for a mature ΗGR mRNA molecule. As used herein, the term "ΗGR intron" refers to a region of the TIGR gene which is non- coding and serves as a template for a ΗGR mRNA molecule. Localization studies using a Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel mapped the
TIGR gene near the D1S2536 marker with a LOD score of 6.0 (Richard et al, American Journal of Human Genetics 51.5: 915-921 (1993), herein incorporated by reference); Frazer et al, Genomics 14.3: 574-578 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Research Genetics, Huntsville, Alabama). Other markers in this region include: D1S210; D1S1552; D1S2536; D1S2790; SHGC-12820; and D1S2558.
Sequences located upstream of the TIGR coding region are isolated and sequenced in a non-glaucomic individual. The upstream sequence is set forth in SEQ ID. No. 1. Sequence comparisons of the upstream region of a non-glaucoma individual and individuals with glaucoma identify a number of mutations in individuals with glaucoma. These mutations are illustrated in Figure 2. Five mutations are identified. TIGRmtl is the result of a replacement of a cytosine with a guanine at position 4337 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3). TIGRmtl is the result of a replacement of a cytosine with a thymine at position 4950 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3). TIGRmt3 is the result of an addition in the following order of a guanine, a thymine, a guanine, and a thymine (GTGT) at position 4998 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3). TIGRmti is the result of a replacement of an adenine with a guanine at position 4256 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, and SEQ ID NO: 3). TIGRmtδ is the result of a replacement of a guanine with an adenine at position 4262 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3). One or more of TIGRmtl, TIGRmtl, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt4, and TIGRmtδ can be homozygous or heterozygous.
Sequence comparisons of the upstream region of a non-glaucoma individual and individuals with glaucoma identify at least one sequence variation in individuals with glaucoma. One such sequence variant is illustrated in Figure 2. TIGRsvl is the result of a replacement of an adenine with a guanine at position 4406 (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3).
Molecules comprising sequences upstream of the TIGR coding region provide useful markers for polymorphic studies. Such molecules include primers suitable for single strand conformational polymorphic studies, examples of which are as follows: forward primer "Sk-la": 5'-TGA GGC TTC CTC TGG AAA C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6); reverse primer "ca2": 5'-TGA AAT CAG CAC ACC AGT AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 7); forward primer "CA2": 5'-GCA CCC ATA CCC CAA TAA TAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8); reverse primer "Pr+1": 5'-AGA GTT CCC CAG ATT TCA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 9); forward primer "Pr-1": 5'-ATC TGG GGA ACT CTT CTC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A2)": 5'-TAC AGT TGT TGC AGA TAC G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11); forward primer "Pr-2(4A)": 5'-ACA ACG TAT CTG CAA CAA CTG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12); reverse primer "Pr+3(4A)": 5'-TCA GGC TTA ACT GCA GAA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 13); forward primer "Pr-3(4A)": 5'-TTG GTT CTG CAG TTA AGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 14); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A1)": 5'-AGC AGC ACA AGG GCA ATC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 15); reverse primer "Pr+1(4A)": 5'-ACA GGG CTA TAT TGT GGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16).
In addition, molecules comprising sequences within ΗGR exons provide useful markers for polymorphic studies. Such' molecules include primers suitable for single strand conformational polymorphic studies, examples of which are as follows: forward primer "KSIX": 5'-CCT GAG ATG CCA GCT GTC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 17); reverse primer "SK1XX": 5'-CTG AAG CAT TAG AAG CCA AC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 18); forward primer "KS2al": 5'-ACC TTG GAC CAG GCT GCC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 19); reverse primer "SK3" 5'-AGG TTT GTT CGA GTT CCA G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 20); forward primer "KS4": 5'-ACA ATT ACT GGC AAG TAT GG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 21); reverse primer "SK6A": 5'-CCT TCT CAG CCT TGC TAC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 22); forward primer "KS5": 5'-ACA CCT CAG CAG ATG CTA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 23); reverse primer "SK8": 5'-ATG GAT GAC TGA CAT GGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 24); forward primer "KS6": 5'-AAG GAT GAA CAT GGT CAC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 25). The locations of primers: Sk-la, ca2, CA2, Pr+1, Pr-1, Pr+2(4A2), Pr-2(4A),
Pr+3(4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr+2(4A1), and Pr+1(4A) are diagramatically set forth in Figure 4. The location of primers: KSIX, SK1XX, Ks2al, SK3, KS4, SK6A, KS5, SK8, and KS6 are diagramatically set forth in Figure 5.
The primary structure of the TIGR coding region initiates from an ATG initiation site (SEQ ID NO:3, residues 5337-5339) and includes a 20 amino acid consensus signal sequence a second ATG (SEQ ID NO: 3, residues 5379-5381), indicating that the protein is a secretory protein. The nucleotide sequence for the TIGR coding region is depicted in Figure 7 (SEQ ID NO: 26). The protein contains an N-linked glycosylation site located in the most hydrophilic region of the molecule. The amino terminal portion of the protein is highly polarized and adopts alpha helical structure as shown by its hydropathy profile and the Garnier-Robison structure analysis. In contrast, the protein contains a 25 amino acid hydrophobic region near its carboxy terminus. This region may comprise a glucocorticoid- induced protein (GIP) anchoring sequence. The amino acid sequence of ΗGR is depicted in Figure 8 (SEQ ID NO: 33).
Study of cyclohexamide treatment in the absence and presence of GC suggest that the induction of ΗGR may involve factors in addition to the GC receptor. The TIGR gene may be involved in the cellular stress response since it is also induced by stimulants such as H2O2, 12-0-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and high glucose; this fact may relate to glaucoma pathogenesis and treatment.
Sequence comparison of the upstream region identify a number of DNA motifs (cis elements). These DNA motifs or cis elements are shown in Figure 1. These motifs include, without limitation, glucocorticoid response motif(s), shear stress response motif(s), NFKB recognition motif(s), and API motif(s). The locations of these and other motifs are diagramatically set forth in Figure 1. As used herein, the term "cis elements capable of binding" refers to the ability of one or more of the described cis elements to specifically bind an agent. Such binding may be by any chemical, physical or biological interaction between the cis element and the agent, including, but not limited, to any covalent, steric, agostic, electronic and ionic interaction between the cis element and the agent. As used herein, the term "specifically binds" refers to the ability of the agent to bind to a specified cis element but not to wholly unrelated nucleic acid sequences.
A preferred class of agents comprises ΗGR nucleic acid molecules ("ΗGR molecules"). Such molecules may be either DNA or RNA. A second preferred class of agents ("ΗGR molecules") comprises the ΗGR protein, its peptide fragments, fusion proteins, and analogs.
Expression of the rat PRL gene is highly restricted to pituitary lactotroph cells and is induced by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway. At least one of the redundant pituitary specific elements (PRL-FP111) of the proximal rat PRL promotor is required for this protein kinase A effect (Rajnarayan et al, Molecular Endochronology 4: 502-512 (1995), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388 and 4491-4502, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the PRL-FP111 upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. A consensus sequence (GR/PR), recognized by both the glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver and the progesterone receptor from rabbit uterus, has been reported to be involved in glucocorticoid and progesterone-dependent gene expression (Von der Ahe et al, Nature 313: 706-709 (1985), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to a GC/PR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of glucocorticoid or progesterone or their homologues bound to an GC/PR upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Shear stress motif (SSRE) or cis element has been identified in a number of genes including platelet-derived growth factor B chain, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), ICAM-1 and TGF-βl (Resnick et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 80: 4591-4595 (1993), herein incorporated by reference). Transcription of these genes has been associated with humoral stimuli such as cytokines and bacterial products as well as hemodynamic stress forces. Sequences corresponding to a upstream shear stress motif or cis element are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597- 3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding the shear stress motif. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A consensus sequence for a glucocorticoid response upstream motif (GRE) or cis element has been characterized (Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989); Becker et al, Nature 314: 686-688 (1986), herein incorporated by reference; Sakai et al, Genes and Development 1: 1144-1154 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Genes containing this upstream motif or cis element are regulated by glucocorticoids, progesterone, androgens and mineral corticoids (Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989)). Sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536- 3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, and 5083-5111, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A sequence specific binding site (CBE) for the wild type nuclear phosphoprotein, p53, has been identified and appears to be associated with replication origins (Kern et al Science 252: 1708-1711 (1991), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an CBE upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of p53 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of p53 or its homologues bound to an CBE upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Nuclear factor ets-like (NFE), a transcriptional activator that facilitates p50 and c-Rel-dependent IgH 3' enhancer activity has been shown to bind to an NFE site in the Rel-dependent IgH 3' enhancer (Linderson et al, European J. Immunology 27: 468-475 (1997), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an NFE upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NFE upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
An upstream motif or cis element (KTF.l-CS) for a control element 3' to the human keratin 1 gene that regulates cell type and differentiation-specific expression has been identified (Huff et al, }. Biological Chemistry 268: 377-384 (1993), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of KTF.l-CS is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of KTF.l-CS or its homologues bound to a KTF.l-CS upstream motif or cis element Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A progesterone responsive element (PRE) that maps to the far upstream steroid dependent DNase hypersensitive site of chicken lysozyme chromatin has been characterized (Hecht et al, EMBO J. 7: 2063-2073 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). The element confers hormonal regulation to a heterologous promoter and is composed of a cluster of progesterone receptor binding sites. A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a progesterone responsive PRE upstream motif or cis element. Such agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. A sequence (ETF-EGFR) has been characterized which serves as a motif for a trαns-active transcription factor that regulates expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Regec et al, Blood 85:2711-2719 (1995), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an ETF-EGFR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ETF-EGFR upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A common trans-acting factor (SRE-cFos) has been shown to regulate skeletal and cardiac alpha-Actin gene transcription in muscle (Muscat et al, Molecular and Cellular Biology 10: 4120-4133 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an SRE-cFos upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an SRE-cFos upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. Alu repetitive elements are unique to primates and are interspersed within the human genome with an average spacing of 4Kb. While some Alu sequences are actively transcribed by polymerase IH, normal transcripts may also contain Alu- derived sequences in 5' or 3' untranslated regions (Jurka and Mikahanljaia, /. Mol Evolution 32: 105-121 (1991), herein incorporated by reference, Claveria and Makalowski, Nature 371: 751-752 (1994), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an Alu upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an Alu upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A consensus sequence for a vitellogenin gene-binding protein (VBP) upstream motif or cis element has been characterized (Iyer et al, Molecular and Cellular Biology 11: 4863-4875 (1991), herein incorporated by reference). Expression of the VBP gene commences early in liver ontogeny and is not subject to arcadian control. A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of VBP or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of VBP or its homologues bound to an VBP upstream motif or cis element Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A structural motif (Malt-CS) or cis element involved in the activation of all promoters of the maltose operons in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been characterized (Vidal-Ingigliardi et al, J. Mol. Biol 218: 323-334 (1991), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to a upstream Malt-CS motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding the upstream Malt-CS motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. A consensus sequence for an estrogen receptor upstream motif or cis element has been characterized (ERE) (Forman et al, Mol. Endocrinology 4: 1293-1301 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; de Verneuil et al, Nucleic Acid Res. 18: 4489-4497 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Gaub et al, Cell 63: 1267-1276 (1990), herein incorporated by reference. A sequence corresponding to half an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding estrogen receptor is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2166-2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration, of the estrogen receptor or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Certain protein-binding sites (NF-mutagen) in Ig gene enhancers which determine transcriptional activity and inducibility have been shown to interact with nuclear factors (Lenardo et al, Science 236: 1573-1577 (1987), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an NF-mutagen upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an NF-mutagen upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A consensus sequence for a transcriptional repressor of c-myc (myc-PRF) upstream motif or cis element has been identified (Kakkis et al, Nature 339: 718-719 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). Myc-PRF interacts with another widely distributed protein, myc-CFl (common factor 1), which binds nearby and this association may be important in myc-PRF repression. A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of myc-PRF or its homologues bound to an myc-PRF upstream motif or cis element Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. Human transcription factor activator protein 2 (AP2) is a transcription factor that has been shown to bind to Spl, nuclear factor 1 (NF1) and simian virus 40 transplantation (SV40 T) antigen binding sites. It is developmentally regulated (Williams and Tijan, Gene Dev. 5: 670-682 (1991), herein incorporated by reference; Mitchell et al, Genes Dev. 5: 105-119 (1991), herein incorporated by reference; Coutois et al, Nucleic Acid Research 18: 57-64 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Comb et al, Nucleic Acid Research 18: 3975-3982 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Winings et al, Nucleic Acid Research 19: 3709-3714 (1991), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520-2535, and 5170-5187, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of AP2 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of AP2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Drosophila RNA polymerase π heat shock transcription factor (HSTF) is a transcription factor that has been shown to be required for active transcription of an hsp 70 gene (Parker and Topol, Cell 37: 273-283 (1984), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of HSTF or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of HSTF or its homologues bound to an HSTF upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743 (Shore et al, EMBO J. 6: 461-467 (1987), herein incorporated by reference). In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the SBF upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. An NF1 motif or cis element has been identified which recognizes a family of at least six proteins (Courtois, et al, Nucleic Acid Res. 18: 57-64 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Mul et al, J. Virol 64: 5510-5518 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Rossi et al, Cell 52: 405-414 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Gounari et al, EMBO }. 10: 559-566 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Goyal et al, Mol Cell Biol 10: 1041-1048 (1990); herein incorporated by reference; Mermond et al, Nature 332: 557-561 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Gronostajski et al, Molecular and Cellular Biology 5: 964-971 (1985), herein incorporated by reference; Hennighausen et al, EMBO J. 5: 1367-1371 (1986), herein incorporated by reference; Chodosh et al, Cell 53: 11-24 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). The NF1 protein will bind to an NF1 motif or cis element either as a dimer (if the motif is palindromic) or as an single molecule (if the motif is not palindromic). The NF1 protein is induced by TGFβ (Faisst and Meyer, Nucleic Acid Research 20: 3-26 (1992), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF1 are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4143-4167, and 4886-4900, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF1 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Conserved regulatory sequences (NF-MHCIIA/B) of a rabbit major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II gene are responsible for binding two distinct nuclear factors NF-MHCIIA and NF-MHCIIB and are believed to be involved in the regulation of coordinate expression of the class π genes — eg. MHC class II gene in B lymphocytes (Sittisombut Molecular and Cellular Biology 5: 2034- 2041 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an NF- MHCIIA/B upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936- 2944. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NF-MHCIIA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NF-MHCHA or NF-MHCIIB or their homologues bound to an NF-MHCIIA/B upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
PEA 1 binding motifs or cis elements have been identified (Piette and Yaniv, EMBO /. 5: 1331-1337 (1987), herein incorporated by reference). The PEA1 protein is a transcription factor that is reported to bind to both the polyoma virus and c-/os enhancers A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of PEA1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of PEA1 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. A conserved cis-acting regulatory element (ICS) has been shown to bind trans-acting constituitive nuclear factors present in lymphocytes and fibroblasts which are involved in the interferon (IFN)-mediated transcriptional enhancement of MHC class I and other genes (Shirayoshi et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 85: 5884- 5888 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an ICS upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an ICS upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A consensus sequence for an ISGF2 upstream motif or cis element has been characterized (Iman et al, Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6573-6580 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Harada et al, Cell 63: 303-312 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Yu-Lee et al, Mol Cell Biol 10: 3087-3094 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Pine et al, Mol Cell Biol 10: 32448-2457 (1990), herein incorporated by reference). ISGF2 is induced by interferon α and γ, prolactin and virus infections. A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of ISGF2 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4292. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of zinc. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404 (Taniguchi et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci (USA) 76: 5090-5094 (1979), herein incorporated by reference). In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules that bind the CAP/CRP-galO upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Human transcription factor activator protein 1 (API) is a transcription factor that has been shown to regulate genes which are highly expressed in transformed cells such as stromelysin, c-/os, 04-anti-trypsin and collagenase (Gutman and Wasylyk, EMBO J. 9.7: 2241-2246 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Martin et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85: 5839-5843 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Jones et al, Genes and Development 2: 267-281 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Faisst and Meyer, Nucleic Acid Research 20: 3-26 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Kim et al, Molecular and Cellular Biology 10: 1492-1497 (1990), herein incorporated by reference: Baumhueter et al, EMBO /. 7: 2485-2493 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). The API transcription factor has been associated with genes that are activated by 12-0-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (Gutman and Wasylyk, EMBO J.7: 2241-2246 (1990)). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434 and 4627-4639, respectively. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of API or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of API or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
The sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene, sry, is expressed in the fetal mouse for a brief period, just prior to testis differentiation. SRY is a DNA binding protein known to bind to a CACA-rich region in the sry gene (Vriz et al, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 37: 1137-1146 (1995), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of SRY or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of SRY or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents may be useful in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. A sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2-GH is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4689-4711 (West et al, Molecular and Cellular Biology 7: 1193-1197 (1987), herein incorporated by reference). In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of GC2-GH or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
PEA 3 binding motifs or cis elements have been identified (Martin et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 85: 5839-5843 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Gutman and Wasylyk, EMBO J. 7: 2241-2246 (1990), herein incorporated by reference). The PEA3 protein is a transcription factor that is reported to interact with API like proteins (Martin et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (USA) 85: 5839-5843 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of PEA3 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of PEA3 or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. Mammalian interspersed repetitive (MIR) is an element involved in the coding and processing sequences of mammalian genes. The MIR element is at least 260 bp in length and numbers about 105 copies within the mammalian genome (Murnane et al, Nucleic Acids Research 15: 2837-2839 (1995), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an MIR upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of nuclear factors or their homologues bound to an MIR upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Normal liver and differentiated hepatoma cell lines contain a hepatocyte- specific nuclear factor (HNF-1) which binds cis-acting element sequences within the promoters of the alpha and beta chains of fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin (Baumhueter et al, EMBO J. 8: 2485-2493, herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to an HNF-1 upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of HNF-1 or its homologues bound to an HNF-1 upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
A number of cis elements or upstream motifs have been associated with gene regulation by steroid and thyroid hormones (e.g. glucocorticoid and estrogen)(Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989), herein incorporated by reference; Brent et al, Molecular Endocrinology 89:1996-2000 (1989), herein incorporated by reference; Glass et al, Cell 54: 313-323 (1988), herein incorporated by reference; Evans, Science 240: 889-895 (1988), herein incorporated by reference).
A consensus sequence for a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element (TRE) has been characterized (Beato, Cell 56: 335-344 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). A sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156. Thyroid hormones are capable of regulating genes containing a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element (Glass et al, Cell 54: 313-323 (1988), herein incorporated by reference). Thyroid hormones can negatively regulate TIGR. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of TIGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of molecules capable of binding a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma. NFKB is a transcription factor that is reportedly associated with a number of biological processes including T-cell activation and cytokine regulation (Lenardo et al, Cell 58: 227-229 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). A consensus upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB has been reported (Lenardo et al, Cell 58: 227-229 (1989)). Sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB are set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175. In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, transcription of ΗGR molecules can be effected by agents capable of altering the biochemical properties or concentration of NFKB or its homologues, including, but not limited to, the concentration of NFKB or its homologues bound to an upstream motif or cis element. Such agents can be used in the study of glaucoma pathogenesis. In another embodiment, such agents can also be used in the study of glaucoma prognosis. In another embodiment such agents can be used in the treatment of glaucoma.
Where one or more of the agents is a nucleic acid molecule, such nucleic acid molecule may be sense, antisense or triplex oligonucleotides corresponding to any part of the ΗGR promoter, ΗGR cDNA, TIGR intron, ΗGR exon or ΗGR gene.
The TIGR promoter, or fragment thereof, of the present invention may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a marker gene (e.g. firefly luciferase (de Wet, Mol Cell Biol 7: 725-737 (1987), herein incorporated by reference) or GUS (Jefferson et al, EMBO J. 6: 3901-3907 (1987), herein incorporated by reference)). In another embodiment of the present invention, a ΗGR promoter may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a ΗGR gene in a suitable eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell (e.g. human trabecular cell, Chinese hamster cell, E. coli). In another embodiment of the present invention, a ΗGR promoter may be cloned into a suitable vector and utilized to promote the expression of a homologous or heterologous gene in a suitable eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells (e.g. human trabecular cell lines, Chinese hamster cells, E. coli).
Practitioners are familiar with the standard resource materials which describe specific conditions and procedures for the construction, manipulation and isolation of macromolecules (e.g., DNA molecules, plasmids, etc.), generation of recombinant organisms and the screening and isolating of clones, (see for example, Sambrook et al, In Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press (1989), herein incorporated by reference in its entirety; Old and Primrose, In Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction To Genetic Engineering, Blackwell (1994), herein incorporated by reference).
The TIGR promoter or any portion thereof of the present invention may be used in a gel-retardation or band shift assay (Old and Primrose, In Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction To Genetic Engineering, Blackwell (1994)). Any of the cis elements identified in the present invention may be used in a gel- retardation or band shift assay to isolate proteins capable of binding the cis element. Suitable DNA fragments or molecules comprise or consist of one or more of the following: sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491- 4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536- 3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167-2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520-2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- MHCIIA/B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175.
A preferred class of agents of the present invention comprises nucleic acid molecules will encode all or a fragment of "TIGR promoter" or flanking gene sequences. As used herein, the terms "ΗGR promoter" or "promoter" is used in an expansive sense to refer to the regulatory sequence(s) that control mRNA production. Such sequences include RNA polymerase binding sites, glucocorticoid response elements, enhancers, etc. All such ΗGR molecules may be used to diagnose the presence of glaucoma and severity of glaucoma. Such molecules may be either DNA or RNA.
Fragment nucleic acid molecules may encode significant portion(s) of, or indeed most of, SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 5. Alternatively, the fragments may comprise smaller oligonucleotides (having from about 15 to about 250 nucleotide residues, and more preferably, about 15 to about 30 nucleotide residues.). Such oligonucleotides include SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25. Alternatively such oligonucleotides may derive from either the TIGR promoter, ΗGR introns, ΗGR exons, ΗGR cDNA and ΗGR downstream sequences comprise or consist of one or more of the following: sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536-3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079- 5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or c s element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167-2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520- 2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- MHCHA/B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175. For such purpose, the oligonucleotides must be capable of specifically hybridizing to a nucleic acid molecule genetically or physically linked to the TIGR gene. As used herein, the term "linked" refers to genetically, physically or operably linked.
As used herein, two nucleic acid molecules are said to be capable of specifically hybridizing to one another if the two molecules are capable of forming an anti-parallel, double-stranded nucleic acid structure, whereas they are unable to form a double-stranded structure when incubated with a non-TIGR nucleic acid molecule. A nucleic acid molecule is said to be the "complement" of another nucleic acid molecule if they exhibit complete complementarity. As used herein, molecules are said to exhibit "complete complementarity" when every nucleotide of one of the molecules is complementary to a nucleotide of the other. Two molecules are said to be "minimally complementary" if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under at least conventional "low-stringency" conditions. Similarly, the molecules are said to be "complementary" if they can hybridize to one another with sufficient stability to permit them to remain annealed to one another under conventional "high- stringency" conditions. Conventional stringency conditions are described by Sambrook, J., et al, (In: Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1989)), and by Haymes, B.D., et al (In: Nucleic Acid Hybridization, A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Washington, DC (1985)), both herein incorporated by reference). Departures from complete complementarity are therefore permissible, as long as such departures do not completely preclude the capacity of the molecules to form a double-stranded structure. Thus, in order for an oligonucleotide to serve as a primer it need only be sufficiently complementary in sequence to be able to form a stable double-stranded structure under the particular solvent and salt concentrations employed.
Apart from their diagnostic or prognostic uses, such oligonucleotides may be employed to obtain other ΗGR nucleic acid molecules. Such molecules include the TIGR-encoding nucleic acid molecule of non-human animals (particularly, cats, monkeys, rodents and dogs), fragments thereof, as well as their promoters and flanking sequences. Such molecules can be readily obtained by using the above- described primers to screen cDNA or genomic libraries obtained from non-human species. Methods for forming such libraries are well known in the art. Such analogs may differ in their nucleotide sequences from that of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, or from molecules consisting of sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536-3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987- 1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331- 1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167-2195, 3413- 3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329- 2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520-2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-MHCIIA/B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175 because complete complementarity is not needed for stable hybridization. The ΗGR nucleic acid molecules of the present invention therefore also include molecules that, although capable of specifically hybridizing with TIGR nucleic acid molecules may lack "complete complementarity."
Any of a variety of methods may be used to obtain the above-described nucleic acid molecules (Elles, Methods in Molecular Medicine: Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Humana Press (1996), herein incorporated by reference). SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536-3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079- 5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167-2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520- 2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- MHCIIA/ B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175 may be used to synthesize all or any portion of the TIGR promoter or any of the ΗGR upstream motifs or portions the TIGR cDNA (Zamechik et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 83:4143 (1986); Goodchild et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 85:5507 (1988); Wickstrom et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 85:1028; Holt, J.T. et al, Molec. Cell. Biol 8:963 (1988); Gerwirtz, A.M. et al, Science 242:1303 (1988); Anfossi, G., et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 86:3379 (1989); Becker, D., et al, EMBO J. 8:3679 (1989); all of which references are incorporated herein by reference).
Automated nucleic acid synthesizers may be employed for this purpose. In lieu of such synthesis, the disclosed SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491- 4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446-451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536- 3563, 4574-4593, 4595-4614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167-2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520-2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- MHCπA/B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175 may be used to define a pair of primers that can be used with the polymerase chain reaction (Mullis, K. et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol 51:263-273 (1986); Erlich H. et al, EP 50,424; EP 84,796, EP 258,017, EP 237,362; Mullis, K., EP 201,184; Mullis K. et al, US 4,683,202; Erlich, H., US 4,582,788; and Saiki, R. et at, US 4,683,194)) to amplify and obtain any desired ΗGR gene DNA molecule or fragment.
The TIGR promoter sequence(s) and ΗGR flanking sequences can also be obtained by incubating oligonucleotide probes of TIGR oligonucleotides with members of genomic human libraries and recovering clones that hybridize to the probes. In a second embodiment, methods of "chromosome walking," or 3' or 5' RACE may be used (Frohman, M.A. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) S5:8998-9002 (1988), herein incorporated by reference); Ohara, O. et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 86:5673-5677 (1989), herein incorporated by reference) to obtain such sequences.
II. Uses of the Molecules of the Invention in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glaucoma and Related Diseases
A particularly desired use of the present invention relates to the diagnosis of glaucoma, POAG, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases. Another particularly desired use of the present invention relates to the prognosis of glaucoma, POAG, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases. As used herein the term "glaucoma" includes both primary glaucomas, secondary glaucomas, juvenile glaucomas, congenital glaucomas, and familial glaucomas, including, without limitation, pigmentary glaucoma, high tension glaucoma and low tension glaucoma and their related diseases. As indicated above, methods for diagnosing or prognosing glaucoma suffer from inaccuracy, or require multiple examinations. The molecules of the present invention may be used to define superior assays for glaucoma. Quite apart from such usage, the molecules of the present invention may be used to diagnosis or predict an individual's sensitivity to elevated intraocular pressure upon administration of steroids such as glucocorticoids or corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory steroids). Dexamethasone, cortisol and prednisolone are preferred steroids for this purpose. Medical conditions such as inflammatory and allergic disorders, as well as organ transplantation recipients, benefit from treatment with glucocorticoids. Certain individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity to such steroids (i.e., "steroid sensitivity"), which is manifested by an undesired increase in intraocular pressure. The present invention may be employed to diagnosis or predict such sensitivity, as well as glaucoma and related diseases.
In a first embodiment, the ΗGR molecules of the present invention are used to determine whether an individual has a mutation affecting the level (i.e., the concentration of TIGR mRNA or protein in a sample, etc.) or pattern (i.e., the kinetics of expression, rate of decomposition, stability profile, etc.) of the ΗGR expression (collectively, the "ΗGR response" of a cell or bodily fluid) (for example, a mutation in the TIGR gene, or in a regulatory region(s) or other gene(s) that control or affect the expression of ΗGR), and being predictive of individuals who would be predisposed to glaucoma (prognosis), related diseases, or steroid sensitivity. As used herein, the ΗGR response manifested by a cell or bodily fluid is said to be "altered" if it differs from the ΗGR response of cells or of bodily fluids of normal individuals. Such alteration may be manifested by either abnormally increased or abnormally diminished ΗGR response. To determine whether a ΗGR response is altered, the ΗGR response manifested by the cell or bodily fluid of the patient is compared with that of a similar cell sample (or bodily fluid sample) of normal individuals. As will be appreciated, it is not necessary to re-determine the TIGR response of the cell sample (or bodily fluid sample) of normal individuals each time such a comparison is made; rather, the ΗGR response of a particular individual may be compared with previously obtained values of normal individuals.
In one sub-embodiment, such an analysis is conducted by determining the presence and /or identity of polymorphism(s) in the TIGR gene or its flanking regions which are associated with glaucoma, or a predisposition (prognosis) to glaucoma, related diseases, or steroid sensitivity. As used herein, the term "ΗGR flanking regions" refers to those regions which are located either upstream or downstream of the ΗGR coding region. Any of a variety of molecules can be used to identify such polymorphism(s).
In one embodiment, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of PRL- FP111 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 370-388, and 4491-4502, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding GR/PR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 433-445, sequences corresponding to an upstream shear stress motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 446- 451, 1288-1293, 3597-3602, 4771-4776, and 5240-5245, respectively, sequences corresponding to glucocorticoid response upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 574-600, 1042-1056, 2444-2468, 2442-2269, 3536-3563, 4574- 4593, 4595^614, 4851-4865, 4844-4864, 5079-5084, 5083-5111, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding CBE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 735-746, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 774-795, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 843-854, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PRE is set forth in Figure 1 at residues 987-1026, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ETF-EGFR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1373-1388, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1447-1456, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Alu as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1331-1550, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding VBP as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1786-1797, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding Malt-CS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 1832-1841, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ERE as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2167- 2195, 3413-3429, and 3892-3896, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-mutagen as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2329-2338, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding myc-PRF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2403-2416, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding AP2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2520-2535 and 5170-5187, respectively, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding HSTF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2622-2635, and 5105-5132, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of SBF as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2733-2743, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2923-2938, 4144-4157, and 4887-4900, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF-MHCIIA/B as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 2936-2944, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3285-3298, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ICS as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 3688-3699, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding ISGF2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4170-4179, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding zinc as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4285-4293, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4379-4404, sequences corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding API as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4428-4434, and 4627-4639, respectively, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding SRY as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4625-4634, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element characteristic of GC2 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4678-4711, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding PEA3 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4765-4769, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of MIR as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4759-4954, a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NF- HNF-1 as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 4923-4941, a sequence corresponding to a thyroid receptor upstream motif or cis element as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5151-5156, and a sequence corresponding to an upstream motif or cis element capable of binding NFKB as set forth in Figure 1 at residues 5166-5175 (or a sub- sequence thereof) may be employed as a marker nucleic acid molecule to identify such polymorphism(s).
Alternatively, such polymorphisms can be detected through the use of a marker nucleic acid molecule or a marker protein that is genetically linked to (i.e., a polynucleotide that co-segregates with) such polymorphism(s). As stated above, the TIGR gene and/or a sequence or sequences that specifically hybridize to the ΗGR gene have been mapped to chromosome lq, 21-32, and more preferably to the ΗGR gene located at chromosome 1, q21-27, and more preferably to the TIGR gene located at chromosome 1, q22-26, and most preferably to the ΗGR gene located at chromosome 1, q24. In a preferred aspect of this embodiment, such marker nucleic acid molecules will have the nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is closely genetically linked to such polymorphism(s) (e.g., markers located at chromosome 1, ql9-25 (and more preferably chromosome 1, q23-25, and most preferably chromosome 1, q24. Localization studies using a Stanford G3 radiation hybrid panel mapped the
TIGR gene with the D1S2536 marker nucleic acid molecules at the D1S2536 locus with a LOD score of 6.0. Other marker nucleic acid molecules in this region include: D1S210; D1S1552; D1S2536; D1S2790; SHGC-12820; and D1S2558. Other polynucleotide markers that map to such locations are known and can be employed to identify such polymorphism(s).
The genomes of animals and plants naturally undergo spontaneous mutation in the course of their continuing evolution (Gusella, J.F., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:831- 854 (1986)). A "polymorphism" in the ΗGR gene or its flanking regions is a variation or difference in the sequence of the ΗGR gene or its flanking regions that arises in some of the members of a species. The variant sequence and the "original" sequence co-exist in the species' population. In some instances, such co-existence is in stable or quasi-stable equilibrium.
A polymorphism is thus said to be "allelic," in that, due to the existence of the polymorphism, some members of a species may have the original sequence (i.e. the original "allele") whereas other members may have the variant sequence (i.e. the variant "allele"). In the simplest case, only one variant sequence may exist, and the polymorphism is thus said to be di-allelic. In other cases, the species' population may contain multiple alleles, and the polymorphism is termed tri-allelic, etc. A single gene may have multiple different unrelated polymorphisms. For example, it may have a di-allelic polymorphism at one site, and a multi-allelic polymorphism at another site.
The variation that defines the polymorphism may range from a single nucleotide variation to the insertion or deletion of extended regions within a gene. In some cases, the DNA sequence variations are in regions of the genome that are characterized by short tandem repeats (STRs) that include tandem di- or tri- nucleotide repeated motifs of nucleotides. Polymorphisms characterized by such tandem repeats are referred to as "variable number tandem repeat" ("VNTR") polymorphisms. VNTRs have been used in identity and paternity analysis (Weber, J.L., U.S. Patent 5,075,217; Armour, J.A.L. et al, FEBS Lett. 307:113-115 (1992); Jones, L. et al, Eur. J. Haematol. 39:144-147 (1987); Horn, G.T. et al, PCT Application W091/ 14003; Jeffreys, A.J., European Patent Application 370,719; Jeffreys, A.J., U.S. Patent 5,175,082); Jeffreys. A.J. et al, Amer. }. Hum. Genet. 39:11-24 (1986); Jeffreys. A.J. et al, Nature 316:76-79 (1985); Gray, I.C. et al, Proc. R. Acad. Soc. Land. 243:241- 253 (1991); Moore, S.S. et al, Genomics 10:654-660 (1991); Jeffreys, A.J. et al.,Anim. Genet. 18:1-15 (1987); Hillel, J. et al, Anim. Genet. 20:145-155 (1989); Hillel, J. et al, Genet. 124:783-789 (1990)).
In an alternative embodiment, such polymorphisms can be detected through the use of a marker nucleic acid molecule that is physically linked to such polymorphism(s). For this purpose, marker nucleic acid molecules comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide located within 1 mb of the polymorphism(s), and more preferably within 100 kb of the polymorphism(s), and most preferably within 10 kb of the polymorphism(s) can be employed. Examples of such marker nucleic acids are set out in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: '22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25. In another embodiment a marker nucleic acid will be used that is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl, TIGRmt2, TIGRmt3, TIGRmt4, TIGRmt5, TIGRsvl,oτ a combination of these mutations. Methods to detect base(s) substitutions, base(s) deletions and base(s) additions are known in the art (i.e. methods to genotype an individual). For example, "Genetic Bit Analysis ("GBA") method is disclosed by Goelet, P. et al, WO 92/15712, herein incorporated by reference, may be used for detecting the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the present invention. GBA is a method of polymorphic site interrogation in which the nucleotide sequence information surrounding the site of variation in a target DNA sequence is used to design an oligonucleotide primer that is complementary to the region immediately adjacent to, but not including, the variable nucleotide in the target DNA. The target DNA template is selected from the biological sample and hybridized to the interrogating primer. This primer is extended by a single labeled dideoxynucleotide using DNA polymerase in the presence of two, and preferably all four chain terminating nucleoside triphosphate precursors. Cohen, D. et al, (PCT Application WO91/02087) describes a related method of genotyping.
Other primer-guided nucleotide incorporation procedures for assaying polymorphic sites in DNA have been described (Komher, J. S. et al, Nucl. Acids. Res. 17:7779-7784 (1989), herein incorporated by reference; Sokolov, B. P., Nucl Acids Res. 18:3671 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Syvanen, A.-C, et al, Genomics 5:684 - 692 (1990), herein incorporated by reference; Kuppuswamy, M.N. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 55:1143-1147 (1991), herein incorporated by reference; Prezant, T.R. et al, Hum. Mutat. 1:159-164 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Ugozzoli, L. et al, GATA 9:107-112 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Nyren, P. et al, Anal. Biochem. 205:171-175 (1993), herein incorporated by reference). The detection of polymorphic sites in a sample of DNA may be facilitated through the use of nucleic acid amplification methods. Such methods specifically increase the concentration of polynucleotides that span the polymorphic site, or include that site and sequences located either distal or proximal to it. Such amplified molecules can be readily detected by gel electrophoresis or other means. Another preferred method of achieving such amplification employs the polymerase chain reaction ("PCR") (Mullis, K. et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol 51:263-273 (1986); Erlich H. et al, European Patent Appln. 50,424; European Patent Appln. 84,796, European Patent Application 258,017, European Patent Appln. 237,362; Mullis, K., European Patent Appln. 201,184; Mullis K. et al, U.S. Patent No. 4,683,202; Erlich, H., U.S. Patent No. 4,582,788; and Saiki, R. et al, U.S. Patent No. 4,683,194), using primer pairs that are capable of hybridizing to the proximal sequences that define a polymorphism in its double-stranded form.
In lieu of PCR, alternative methods, such as the "Ligase Chain Reaction" ("LCR") may be used (Barany, F., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 55:189-193 (1991). LCR uses two pairs of oligonucleotide probes to exponentially amplify a specific target. The sequences of each pair of oligonucleotides is selected to permit the pair to hybridize to abutting sequences of the same strand of the target. Such hybridization forms a substrate for a template-dependent ligase. As with PCR, the resulting products thus serve as a template in subsequent cycles and an exponential amplification of the desired sequence is obtained.
LCR can be performed with oligonucleotides having the proximal and distal sequences of the same strand of a polymorphic site. In one embodiment, either oligonucleotide will be designed to include the actual polymorphic site of the polymorphism. In such an embodiment, the reaction conditions are selected such that the oligonucleotides can be ligated together only if the target molecule either contains or lacks the specific nucleotide that is complementary to the polymorphic site present on the oligonucleotide. Alternatively, the oligonucleotides may be selected such that they do not include the polymorphic site (see, Segev, D., PCT Application WO 90/01069). The "Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay" ("OLA") may alternatively be employed (Landegren, U. et al, Science 241:1077-1080 (1988)). The OLA protocol uses two oligonucleotides which are designed to be capable of hybridizing to abutting sequences of a single strand of a target. OLA, like LCR, is particularly suited for the detection of point mutations. Unlike LCR, however, OLA results in "linear" rather than exponential amplification of the target sequence.
Nickerson, D.A. et al, have described a nucleic acid detection assay that combines attributes of PCR and OLA (Nickerson, D.A. et al, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 57:8923-8927 (1990). In this method, PCR is used to achieve the exponential amplification of target DNA, which is then detected using OLA. In addition to requiring multiple, and separate, processing steps, one problem associated with such combinations is that they inherit all of the problems associated with PCR and OLA.
Schemes based on ligation of two (or more) oligonucleotides in the presence of nucleic acid having the sequence of the resulting "di-oligonucleotide", thereby amplifying the di-oligonucleotide, are also known (Wu, D.Y. et al, Genomics 4:560 (1989)), and may be readily adapted to the purposes of the present invention.
Other known nucleic acid amplification procedures, such as allele-specific oligomers, branched DNA technology, transcription-based amplification systems, or isothermal amplification methods may also be used to amplify and analyze such polymorphisms (Malek, L.T. et al, U.S. Patent 5,130,238; Davey, C. et al, European Patent Application 329,822; Schuster et al, U.S. Patent 5,169,766; Miller, H.I. et al, PCT appln. WO 89/06700; Kwoh, D. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 56:1173 (1989); Gingeras, T.R. et al, PCT application WO 88/10315; Walker, G.T. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 59:392-396 (1992)). All the foregoing nucleic acid amplification methods could be used to predict or diagnose glaucoma.
The identification of a polymorphism in the ΗGR gene can be determined in a variety of ways. By correlating the presence or absence of glaucoma in an individual with the presence or absence of a polymorphism in the ΗGR gene or its flanking regions, it is possible to diagnose the predisposition (prognosis) of an asymptomatic patient to glaucoma, related diseases, or steroid sensitivity. If a polymorphism creates or destroys a restriction endonuclease cleavage site, or if it results in the loss or insertion of DNA (e.g., a VNTR polymorphism), it will alter the size or profile of the DNA fragments that are generated by digestion with that restriction endonuclease. As such, individuals that possess a variant sequence can be distinguished from those having the original sequence by restriction fragment analysis. Polymorphisms that can be identified in this manner are termed "restriction fragment length polymorphisms" ("RFLPs"). RFLPs have been widely used in human and animal genetic analyses (Glassberg, J., UK patent Application 2135774; Skolnick, M.H. et al, Cytogen. Cell Genet. 32:58-67 (1982); Botstein, D. et al, Ann. J. Hum. Genet. 32:314-331 (1980); Fischer, S.G et al. (PCT Application WO90/13668); Uhlen, M., PCT Application WO90/11369)). The role of ΗGR in glaucoma pathogenesis indicates that the presence of genetic alterations (e.g., DNA polymorphisms) that affect the ΗGR response can be employed to predict glaucoma
A preferred method of achieving such identification employs the single- strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) approach. The SSCP technique is a method capable of identifying most sequence variations in a single strand of DNA, typically between 150 and 250 nucleotides in length (Elles, Methods in Molecular Medicine: Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Humana Press (1996), herein incorporated by reference); Orita et al, Genomics 5: 874-879 (1989), herein incorporated by reference). Under denaturing conditions a single strand of DNA will adopt a conformation that is uniquely dependent on its sequence conformation. This conformation usually will be different, even if only a single base is changed. Most conformations have been reported to alter the physical configuration or size sufficiently to be detectable by electrophoresis. A number of protocols have been described for SSCP including, but not limited to Lee et al, Anal. Biochem. 205: 289-293 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Suzuki et al, Anal Biochem. 192: 82-84 (1991), herein incorporated by reference; Lo et al, Nucleic Acids Research 20: 1005- 1009 (1992), herein incorporated by reference; Sarkar et al, Genomics 13: 441-443 (1992), herein incorporated by reference).
In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, a sample DNA is obtained from a patient's cells. In a preferred embodiment, the DNA sample is obtained from the patient's blood. However, any source of DNA may be used. The DNA is subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion. ΗGR is used as a probe in accordance with the above-described RFLP methods. By comparing the RFLP pattern of the ΗGR gene obtained from normal and glaucomatous patients, one can determine a patient's predisposition (prognosis) to glaucoma. The polymorphism obtained in this approach can then be cloned to identify the mutation at the coding region which alters the protein's structure or regulatory region of the gene which affects its expression level. Changes involving promoter interactions with other regulatory proteins can be identified by, for example, gel shift assays using HTM cell extracts, fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye, serum, etc. Interactions of TIGR protein in glaucomatous cell extracts, fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye, serum, etc. can be compared to control samples to thereby identify changes in those properties of TIGR that relate to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Similarly such extracts and fluids as well as others (blood, etc.) can be used to diagnosis or predict steroid sensitivity.
Several different classes of polymorphisms may be identified through such methods. Examples of such classes include: (1) polymorphisms present in the ΗGR cDNA of different individuals; (2) polymorphisms in non-translated TIGR gene sequences, including the promoter or other regulatory regions of the ΗGR gene; (3) polymorphisms in genes whose products interact with ΗGR regulatory sequences; (4) polymorphisms in gene sequences whose products interact with the TIGR protein, or to which the ΗGR protein binds. In an alternate sub-embodiment, the evaluation is conducted using oligonucleotide "probes" whose sequence is complementary to that of a portion of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 5. Such molecules are then incubated with cell extracts of a patient under conditions sufficient to permit nucleic acid hybridization. In one sub-embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, one can diagnose or predict glaucoma, related diseases and steroid sensitivity by ascertaining the ΗGR response in a biopsy (or a macrophage or other blood cell sample), or other cell sample, or more preferably, in a sample of bodily fluid (especially, blood, serum, plasma, tears, buccal cavity, etc.). Since the ΗGR gene is induced in response to the presence of glucocorticoids, a highly preferred embodiment of this method comprises ascertaining such TIGR response prior to, during and/or subsequent to, the administration of a glucocorticoid. Thus, by way of illustration, glaucoma could be diagnosed or predicted by determining whether the administration of a glucocorticoid (administered topically, intraocularly, intramuscularly, systemically, or otherwise) alters the ΗGR response of a particular individual, relative to that of normal individuals. Most preferably, for this purpose, at least a "ΗGR gene-inducing amount" of the glucocorticoid will be provided. As used herein, a ΗGR gene-inducing amount of a glucocorticoid is an amount of glucocorticoid sufficient to cause a detectable induction of ΗGR expression in cells of glaucomatous or non-glaucomatous individuals.
III. Methods of Administration
The agents of the present invention can be formulated according to known methods to prepare pharmacologically acceptable compositions, whereby these materials, or their functional derivatives, having the desired degree of purity are combined in admixture with a physiologically acceptable carrier, excipient, or stabilizer. Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed. The active component of such compositions may be agents analogs or mimetics of such molecules. Where nucleic acid molecules are employed, such molecules may be sense, antisense or triplex oligonucleotides of the TIGR promoter, ΗGR cDNA, ΗGR intron, ΗGR exon or ΗGR gene.
A composition is said to be "pharmacologically acceptable" if its administration can be tolerated by a recipient patient. An agent is physiologically significant if its presence results in a detectable change in the physiology of a recipient patient.
Suitable vehicles and their formulation, inclusive of other human proteins, e.g., human serum albumin, are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (16th ed., Osol, A., Ed., Mack, Easton PA (1980)). If the composition is to be water soluble, it may be formulated in a buffer such as phosphate or other organic acid salt preferably at a pH of about 7 to 8. If the composition is only partially soluble in water, it may be prepared as a microemulsion by formulating it with a nonionic surfactant such as Tween, Pluronics, or PEG, e.g., Tween 80, in an amount of, for example, 0.04-0.05% (w/v), to increase its solubility. The term "water soluble" as applied to the polysaccharides and polyethylene glycols is meant to include colloidal solutions and dispersions. In general, the solubility of the cellulose derivatives is determined by the degree of substitution of ether groups, and the stabilizing derivatives useful herein should have a sufficient quantity of such ether groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain to render the derivatives water soluble. A degree of ether substitution of at least 0.35 ether groups per anhydroglucose unit is generally sufficient. Additionally, the cellulose derivatives may be in the form of alkali metal salts, for example, the Li, Na, K or Cs salts. Optionally other ingredients may be added such as antioxidants, e.g., ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) polypeptides, e.g., polyarginine or tripeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone; amino acids, such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; and sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol.
Additional pharmaceutical methods may be employed to control the duration of action. Controlled or sustained release preparations may be achieved through the use of polymers to complex or absorb the ΗGR molecule(s) of the composition. The controlled delivery may be exercised by selecting appropriate macromolecules (for example polyesters, polyamino acids, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethylenevinylacetate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, or protamine sulfate) and the concentration of macromolecules as well as the methods of incorporation in order to control release.
Sustained release formulations may also be prepared, and include the formation of microcapsular particles and implantable articles. For preparing sustained-release compositions, the TIGR molecule(s) of the composition is preferably incorporated into a biodegradable matrix or microcapsule. A suitable material for this purpose is a polylactide, although other polymers of poly-(a- hydroxycarboxylic acids), such as poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (EP 133,988A), can be used. Other biodegradable polymers include poly(lactones), poly(orthoesters), polyamino acids, hydrogels, or poly(orthocarbonates) poly(acetals). The polymeric material may also comprise polyesters, poly(lactic acid) or ethylene vinylacetate copolymers. For examples of sustained release compositions, see U.S. Patent No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481A, U.S. Patent No. 3,887,699, EP 158,277 A, Canadian Patent No. 1176565, Sidman, U. et al, Biopolymers 22:547 (1983), and Langer, R. et al, Chem. Tech. 12:98 (1982).
Alternatively, instead of incorporating the TIGR molecule(s) of the composition into polymeric particles, it is possible to entrap these materials in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatine-microcapsules and poly(methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, or in colloidal drug delivery systems, for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and nanocapsules or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1980).
In an alternative embodiment, liposome formulations and methods that permit intracellular uptake of the molecule will be employed. Suitable methods are known in the art, see, for example, Chicz, R.M. et al. (PCT Application WO 94/04557), Jaysena, S.D. et al. (PCT Application W093/12234), Yarosh, D.B. (U.S. Patent No. 5,190,762), Callahan, M.V. et al. (U.S. Patent No. 5,270,052) and Gonzalezro, R.J. (PCT Application 91/05771), all herein incorporated by reference.
Having now generally described the invention, the same will be more readily understood through reference to the following examples which are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention, unless specified.
EXAMPLE 1
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism
Single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) screening is carried out according to the procedure of Hue et al, The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology 105.4: 529-632 (1995), herein incorporated by reference. SSCP primers are constructed corresponding to sequences found within the ΗGR promoter and two of exons of ΗGR. The following primers are constructed: forward primer "Sk-la": 5'-TGA GGC TTC CTC TGG AAA C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6); reverse primer "ca2": 5'- TGA AAT CAG CAC ACC AGT AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 7); forward primer "CA2": 5'- GCA CCC ATA CCC CAA TAA TAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8); reverse primer "Pr+1": 5'- AGA GTT CCC CAG ATT TCA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 9); forward primer "Pr-1": 5'- ATC TGG GGA ACT CTT CTC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A2)": 5'-TAC AGT TGT TGC AGA TAC G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11); forward primer "Pr- 2(4A)": 5'-ACA ACG TAT CTG CAA CAA CTG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12); reverse primer "Pr+3(4A)": 5'-TCA GGC TTA ACT GCA GAA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 13); forward primer "Pr-3(4A)": 5'-TTG GTT CTG CAG TTA AGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 14); reverse primer "Pr+2(4A1)": 5'-AGC AGC ACA AGG GCA ATC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 15); reverse primer "Pr+1(4A)": 5'-ACA GGG CTA TAT TGT GGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 16); forward primer "KSIX": 5'-CCT GAG ATG CCA GCT GTC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 17); reverse primer "SK1XX": 5'-CTG AAG CAT TAG AAG CCA AC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 18); forward primer "KS2al": 5'-ACC TTG GAC CAG GCT GCC AG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 19); reverse primer "SK3" 5'-AGG TTT GTT CGA GTT CCA G-3' (SEQ ID NO: 20); forward primer "KS4": 5'-ACA ATT ACT GGC AAG TAT GG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 21); reverse primer "SK6A": 5'-CCT TCT CAG CCT TGC TAC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 22); forward primer "KS5": 5'-ACA CCT CAG CAG ATG CTA CC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 23); reverse primer "SK8": 5'-ATG GAT GAC TGA CAT GGC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 24); forward primer "KS6": 5'-AAG GAT GAA CAT GGT CAC C-3' (SEQ ID NO: 25).
The locations of primers: Sk-la, ca2, CA2, Pr+1, Pr-1, Pr+2(4A2), Pr-2(4A), Pr+3(4A), Pr-3 (4A), Pr-3(4A), Pr+2(4A1), and Pr+1(4A) are diagramatically set forth in Figure 4. The location of primers: KSIX, SK1XX, Ks2al, SK3, KS4, SK6A, KS5, SK8, and KS6 are diagramatically set forth in Figure 5.
Families with a history of POAG in Klamath Falls, Oregon, are screened by SSCP according to the method of Hue et al, The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology 105.4: 529-632 (1995), herein incorporated by reference). SSCP primers SK-la, ca2, CA2, Pr+1, Pr-2(4A), Pr+3(4A), SK1XX, and KS6 detect single strand conformational polymorphisms in this population. An SSCP is detected using SSCP primers Pr+3(4A) and Pr-2(4A). 70 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon are screened with these primers and the results are set forth in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Total SSCP+ SSCP-
Glaucoma positive individuals 12 12 0
Glaucoma negative individuals 13 0 13 Spouses (glaucoma negative) 16 2 14 2 Others 29 6 23
1 = glaucoma positive individuals as determined by IOP of greater than 25 mmHg
2 = unidentified glaucoma due to the age of the individual.
A second SSCP is detected using SSCP primers Pr+1 and CA2. 14 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon are screened with these primers. A characteristic polymorphism is found in the 6 affected family members but absent in the 8 unaffected members. A third SSCP is detected using SSCP primers ca2 and sk- la. The same 14 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon that are screened with Pr+1 and CA2 are screened with ca2 and sk-la primers. A characteristic polymorphism is found in the 6 affected family members but absent in the 8 unaffected members. A fourth SSCP is detected using SSCP primers KS6 and SK1XX. 22 family members of the Klamath Fall, Oregon and 10 members of a Portland, Oregon pedigree are screened with these primers. A polymorphism is found in exon 3. The results are as set forth in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Total SSCP+ SSCP-
Klamath Fall, Oregon
Glaucoma positive individuals 3 3 0 Glaucoma negative individuals 6 0 6 2 Others 13 6 7
Portland, Oregon
Glaucoma positive individuals 6 6 0 Glaucoma negative individuals 4 0 4 Others2 0 0 0
1 = glaucoma positive individuals as determined by IOP of greater than 25 mmHg
2 = unidentified glaucoma due to the age of the individual. EXAMPLE 2
ΗGR Homologies A novel myosin-like acidic protein termed myocilin is expressed predominantly in the photoreceptor cells of retina and is localized particularly in the rootlet and basal body of connecting cilium (Kubota et al, Genomics 41: 360-369 (1997), herein incorporated by reference). The myocilin gene is mapped to human chromosome Iq23-q24. The coding region of myocilin is 100 percent homologous with TIGR.
Homology searches are performed by GCG (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, WI) and include the GenBank, EMBL, Swiss-Prot databases and EST analysis. Using the Blast search, the best fits are found with a stretch of 177 amino acids in the carboxy terminals for an extracellular mucus protein of the olfactory, olfactomedin and three olfactomedin-like species. The alignment presented in Figure 6 shows the ΗGR homology (SEQ ID NO. 27) to an expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence from human brain (ym08hl2.rl)(SEQ ID NO. 28)(The WashU-Merck EST Project, 1995); the Z domain of olfactomedin-related glycoprotein from rat brain (lB426bAMZ)(SEQ ID NO. 29)(Danielson et al, Journal of Neuroscience Research 38: 468-478 (1994), herein incorporated by reference) and the olfactomedin from olfactory tissue of bullfrogs (ranofm) (SEQ ID NO. 30)(Yokoe and Anholt, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 90: 4655-4659 (1993), herein incorporated by reference; Snyder and Anholt, Biochemistry 30: 9143-9153 (1991), herein incorporated by reference). These domains share very similar amino acid positions as depicted in the consensus homology of Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO. 31), with the exception being the truncated human clone in which the position with respect to its full length sequence has not been established. No significant homology is found for the amino termini of these molecules.
While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features herein before set forth and as follows in the scope of the appended claims. SEQUENCE LISTING
(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:
(i) APPLICANT: The Regents of the University of California
(ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS,
PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA AND RELATED DISORDERS
(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 32
(iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) ADDRESSEE: Howrey & Simon
(B) STREET: 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
(C) CITY: Washington
(D) STATE: DC
(E) COUNTRY: U.S.A.
(F) ZIP: 20004
(v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
(A) MEDIUM TYPE: Diskette
(B) COMPUTER: IBM Compatible
(C) OPERATING SYSTEM: Windows 95
<D) SOFTWARE: FastSEQ for Windows Version 2.0b
(vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER:
(B) FILING DATE:
(C) CLASSIFICATION:
(vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: 08/791,154
(B) FILING DATE: 28-JAN-1997
(viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: Marsh, David R
(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 41,408
(C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: 07425-0054
(ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 202 383-6904
(B) TELEFAX: 202 383-6610
(C) TELEX:
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 1 :
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 5300 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:l:
ATCTTTGTTC AGTTTACCTC AGGGCTATTA TGAAATGAAA TGAGATAACC AATGTGAAAG 60
TCCTATAAAC TGTATAGCCT CCATTCGGAT GTATGTCTTT GGCAGGATGA TAAAGAATCA 120
GGAAGAAGGA GTATCCACGT TAGCCAAGTG TCCAGGCTGT GTCTGCTCTT ATTTTAGTGA 180
CAGATGTTGC TCCTGACAGA AGCTATTCTT CAGGAAACAT CACATCCAAT ATGGTAAATC 240
CATCAAACAG GAGCTAAGAA ACAGGAATGA GATGGGCACT TGCCCAAGGA AAAATGCCAG 300
GAGAGCAAAT AATGATGAAA AATAAACTTT TCCCTTTGTT TTTAATTTCA GGAAAAAATG 360
ATGAGGACC AAATCAATGA ATAAGGAAAA CAGCTCAGAA AAAAGATGTT TCCAAATTGG 420
TAATTAAGTA TTTGTTCCTT GGGAAGAGAC CTCCATGTGA GCTTGATGGG AAAATGGGAA 480
AAACGTC AA AGCATGATCT GATCAGATCC CAAAGTGGAT TATTATTTTA AAAACCAGAT 540
GGCATCACTC TGGGGAGGCA AGTTCAGGAA GGTCATGTTA GCAAAGGACA TAACAATAAC 600
AGCAAAATCA AAATTCCGCA AATGCAGGAG GAAAATGGGG ACTGGGAAAG CTTTCATAAC 660
AGTGATTAGG CAGTTGACCA TGTTCGCAAC ACCTCCCCGT CTATACCAGG GAACACAAAA 720
ATTGACTGGG CTAAGCCTGG ACTTTCAAGG GAAATATGAA AAACTGAGAG CAAAACAAAA 780
GACATGGTTA AAAGGCAACC AGAACATTGT GAGCCTTCAA AGCAGCAGTG CCCCTCAGCA 840
GGGACCCTGA GGCATTTGCC TTTAGGAAGG CCAGTTTTCT TAAGGAATCT TAAGAAACTC 900
TTGAAAGATC ATGAATTTTA ACCATTTTAA GTATAAAACA AATATGCGAT GCATAATCAG 960
TTTAGACATG GGTCCCAATT TTATAAAGTC AGGCATACAA GGATAACGTG TCCCAGCTCC 1020
GGATAGGTCA GAAATCATTA GAAATCACTG TGTCCCCATC CTAACTTTTT CAGAATGATC 1080
TGTCATAGCC CTCACAC CA GGCCCGATGT GTCTGACCTA CAACCACATC TACAACCCAA 1140
GTGCCTCAAC CATTGTTAAC GTGTCATCTC AGTAGGTCCC ATTACAAATG CCACCTCCCC 1200
TGTGCAGCCC ATCCCGCTCC ACAGGAAGTC TCCCCACTCT AGACTTCTGC ATCACGATGT 1260
TACAGCCAGA AGCT CGTGA GGGTGAGGGT CTGTGTCTTA CACCTACCTG TATGCTCTAC 1320
ACCTGAGCTC ACTGCAACCT CTGCCTCCCA GGTTCAAGCA ATTCTCCTGT CTCAGCCTCC 1380
CGCGTAGCTG GGACTACAGG CGC CGCCCG GCTAATTTTT GTATTGTTAG TAGAGATGGG 1440
GTTTCACCAT ATTAGCCCGG CTGGTCTTGA ACTCCTGACC TCAGGTGATC CACCCACCTC 1500
AGCCTCCTAA AGTGCTGGGA TTACAGGCAT GAGTCACCGC GCCCGGCCAA GGGTCAGTGT 1560
TTAATAAGGA ATAACTTGAA TGGTTTACTA AACCAAC GG GAAACAGACA AAAGCTGTGA 1620
TAATTTCAGG GATTCTTGGG ATGGGGAATG GTGCCATGAG CTGCCTGCCT AGTCCCAGAC 1680
CACTGGTCCT CATCACTTTC TTCCCTCATC CTCATTTTCA GGCTAAGTTA CCAT TTATT 1740
CACCATGCTT TTGTGGTAAG CCTCCACATC GTTACTGAAA TAAGAGTATA CATAAACTAG 1800
TTCCATTTGG GGCCATCTGT GTGTGTGTAT AGGGGAGGAG GGCATACCCC AGAGACTCCT 1860
TGAAGCCCCC GGCAGAGGTT TCCTCTCCAG CTGGGGGAGC CCTGCAAGCA CCCGGGGTCC 1920
TGGGTGTCCT GAGCAACCTG CCAGCCCGTG CCACTGGTTG TTTTGTTATC ACTCTCTAGG 1980
GACCTGTTGC TTTCTATTTC TGTGTGACTC GTTCATTCAT CCAGGCATTC ATTGACAATT 2040
TATTGAGTAC TTATATCTGC CAGACACCAG AGACAAAATG GTGAGCAAAG CAGTCACTGC 2100
CCTACCTTCG TGGAGGTGAC AGTTTCTCAT GGAAGACGTG CAGAAGAAAA TTAATAGCCA 2160
GCCAACTTAA ACCCAGTGCT GAAAGAAAGG AAATAAACAC CATCTTGAAG AATTGTGCGC 2220
AGCATCCCTT AACAAGGCCA CCTCCCTAGC GCCCCCTGCT GCCTCCATCG TGCCCGGAGG 2280
CCCCCAAGCC CGAGTCTTCC AAGCCTCCTC CTCCATCAGT CACAGCGCTG CAGCTGGCCT 2340
GCCTCGCTTC CCGTGAATCG TCCTGGTGCA TCTGAGCTGG AGACTCCTTG GCTCCAGGCT 2400
CCAGAAAGGA AATGGAGAGG GAAACTAGTC TAACGGAGAA TCTGGAGGGG ACAGTGTTTC 2460
CTCAGAGGGA AAGGGGCCTC CACGTCCAGG AGAATTCCAG GAGGTGGGGA CTGCAGGGAG 2520
TGGGGACGCT GGGGCTGAGC GGGTGCTGAA AGGCAGGAAG GTGAAAAGGG CAAGGCTGAA 2580
GCTGCCCAGA TGTTCAGTGT TGTTCACGGG GCTGGGAGTT TTCCGTTGCT TCCTGTGAGC 2640
CTTTTTATCT TTTCTCTGCT TGGAGGAGAA GAAGTCTATT TCATGAAGGG ATGCAGTTTC 2700
ATAAAGTCAG CTGTTAAAAT TCC GGGTGT GCATGGGTTT TCCT CACGA AGGCCTTTAT 2760
TTAATGGGAA TATAGGAAGC GAGCTCATTT CCTAGGCCGT TAATTCACGG AAGAAGTGAC 2820
TGGAGTCTTT TCTTTCATGT CTTCTGGGCA ACTACTCAGC CCTGTGGTGG ACTTGGCTTA 2880
TGCAAGACGG TCGAAAACCT TGGAATC GG AGACTCGGTT TTCTTTCTGG TTCTGCCATT 2940
GGTTGGCTGT GCGACCGTGG GCAAGTGTCT CTCCTTCCCT GGGCCATAGT CTTCTCTGCT 3000
ATAAAGACCC TTGCAGCTCT CGTGTTCTGT GAACACTTCC CTGTGATTCT CTGTGAGGGG 3060
GGATGTTGAG AGGGGAAGGA GGCAGAGCTG GAGCAGCTGA GCCACAGGGG AGGTGGAGGG 3120
GGACAGGAAG GCAGGCAGAA GCTGGGTGCT CCATCAGTCC TCACTGATCA CGTCAGACTC 3180
CAGGACCGAG AGCCACAATG CTTCAGGAAA GCTCAATGAA CCCAACAGCC ACATTTTCCT 3240
TCCCTAAGC TAGACAATGG CATTTGCCAA TAACCAAAAA GAATGCAGAG ACTAACTGGT 3300
GGTAGCTTTT GCCTGGCATT CAAAAACTGG GCCAGAGCAA GTGGAAAATG CCAGAGATTG 3360 TTAAACTTTT CACCCTGACC AGCACCCCAC GCAGCTCAGC AGTGACTGCT GACAGCACGG 3420
AGTGACCTGC AGCGCAGGGG AGGAGAAGAA AAAGAGAGGG ATAGTGTATG AGCAAGAAAG 3480
ACAGATTCAT TCAAGGGCAG TGGGAATTGA CCACAGGGAT TATAGTCCAC GTGATCCTGG 3540
GTTCTAGGAG GCAGGGCTAT ATTGTGGGGG GAAAAAATCA GTTCAAGGGA AGTCGGGAGA 3600
CCTGATTTCT AATACTATAT TTTTCCTTTA CAAGCTGAGT AATTCTGAGC AAGTCACAAG 3660
GTAGTAACTG AGGCTGTAAG ATTACTTAGT TTCTCCTTAT TAGGAACTCT TTTTCTCTGT 3720
GGAGTTAGCA GCACAAGGGC AATCCCGTTT CTTTTAACAG GAAGAAAACA TTCCTAAGAG 3780
TAAAGCCAAA CAGATTCAAG CCTAGGTCTT GCTGACTATA TGATTGGTTT TTTGAAAAAT 3840
CATTTCAGCG ATGTTTACTA TCTGATTCAG AAAATGAGAC TAGTACCCTT TGGTCAGCTG 3900
TAAACAAACA CCCATTTGTA AATGTCTCAA GTTCAGGCTT AACTGCAGAA CCAATCAAAT 3960
AAGAATAGAA TCTTTAGAGC AAACTGTGTT TCTCCACTCT GGAGGTGAGT CTGCCAGGGC 4020
AGTTTGGAAA TATTTACTTC ACAAGTATTG ACACTGTTGT TGGTATTAAC AACATAAAGT 4080
TGCTCAAAGG CAATCATTAT TTCAAGTGGC TTAAAGTTAC TTCTGACAGT TTTGGTATAT 4140
TTATTGGCTA TTGCCATTTG CTTTTTGTTT TTTCTCTTTG GGTTTATTAA TGTAAAGCAG 4200
GGATTATTAA CCTACAGTCC AGAAAGCCTG TGAATTTGAA TGAGGAAAAA ATTACATTTT 4260
TGTTTTTACC ACCTTCTAAC TAAATTTAAC ATTTTATTCC ATTGCGAATA GAGCCATAAA 4320
CTCAAAGTGG TAATAACAGT ACCTGTGATT TTGTCATTAC CAATAGAAAT CACAGACATT 4380
TTATACTATA TTACAGTTGT TGCAGATACG TTGTAAGTGA AATATTTATA CTCAAAACTA 4440
CTTTGAAATT AGACCTCCTG CTGGATCTTG TTTTTAACAT ATTAATAAAA CATGTTTAAA 4500
ATTTTGATAT TTTGATAATC ATATTTCATT ATCATTTGTT TCCTTTGTAA TCTATATTTT 4560
ATATATTTGA AAACATCTTT CTGAGAAGAG TTCCCCAGAT TTCACCAATG AGGTTCTTGG 4620
CATGCACACA CACAGAGTAA GAACTGATTT AGAGGCTAAC ATTGACATTG GTGCCTGAGA 4680
TGCAAGACTG AAATTAGAAA GTTCTCCCAA AGATACACAG TTGTTTTAAA GCTAGGGGTG 4740
AGGGGGGAAA TCTGCCGCTT CTATAGGAAT GCTCTCCCTG GAGCCTGGTA GGGTGCTGTC 4800
CTTGTGTTCT GGCTGGCTGT TATTTTTCTC TGTCCCTGCT ACGTCTTAAA GGACTTGTTT 4860
GGATCTCCAG TTCCTAGCAT AGTGCCTGGC ACAGTGCAGG TTCTCAATGA GTTTGCAGAG 4920
TGAATGGAAA TATAAACTAG AAATATATCC TTGTTGAAAT CAGCAC CCA GTAGTCCTGG 4980
TGTAAGTGTG TGTACGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTAAAACCA GGTGGAGATA 5040
TAGGAACTAT TATTGGGGTA TGGGTGCATA AATTGGGATG TTCTTTTTAA AAAGAAACTC 5100
CAAACAGACT TCTGGAAGGT TATTTTCTAA GAATCTTGCT GGCAGCGTGA AGGCAACCCC 5160
CCTGTGCAC GCCCCACCCA GCCTCACGTG GCCACCTCTG TCTTCCCCCA TGAAGGGCTG 5220
GCTCCCCAGT ATATATAAAC CTCTCTGGAG CTCGGGCATG AGCCAGCAAG GCCACCCATC 5280
CAGGCACCTC TCAGCACAGC 5300
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 5304 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:
ATCTTTGTTC AGTTTACCTC AGGGCTATTA TGAAATGAAA TGAGATAACC AATGTGAAAG 60
TCCTATAAAC TGTATAGCCT CCATTCGGAT GTATGTCTTT GGCAGGATGA TAAAGAATCA 120
GGAAGAAGGA GTATCCACGT TAGCCAAGTG TCCAGGCTGT GTCTGCTCTT ATTTTAGTGA 180
CAGATGTTGC TCCTGACAGA AGCTATTCTT CAGGAAACAT CAC TCCAAT ATGGTAAATC 240
CATCAAACAG GAGCTAAGAA ACAGGAATGA GATGGGCACT TGCCCAAGGA AAAATGCCAG 300
GAGAGCAAAT AATGATGAAA AATAAACTTT TCCCTTTGTT TTTAATTTCA GGAAAAAATG 360
ATGAGGACCA AAATCAATGA ATAAGGAAAA CAGCTCAGAA AAAAGATGTT TCCAAATTGG 420
TAATTAAGTA TTTGTTCCTT GGGAAGAGAC CTCCATGTGA GCTTGATGGG AAAATGGGAA 480
AAACGTCAAA AGCATGATCT GATCAGATCC CAAAGTGGAT TATTATTTTA AAAACCAGAT 540
GGCATCACTC TGGGGAGGCA AGTTCAGGAA GGTCATGTTA GCAAAGGACA TAACAATAAC 600
AGCAAAATCA AAATTCCGCA AATGCAGGAG GAAAATGGGG ACTGGGAAAG CTTTCATAAC 660
AGTGATTAGG CAGTTGACCA TGTTCGCAAC ACCTCCCCGT CTATACCAGG GAACACAAAA 720
ATTGACTGGG CTAAGCCTGG ACTTTCAAGG GAAATATGAA AAACTGAGAG CAAAACAAAA 780
GACATGGTTA AAAGGCAACC AGAACATTGT GAGCCTTCAA AGCAGCAGTG CCCCTCAGCA 840
GGGACCCTGA GGCATTTGCC TTTAGGAAGG CCAGTTTTCT TAAGGAATCT TAAGAAACTC 900 TTGAAAGATC ATGAATTTTA ACCATTTTAA GTATAAAACA AATATGCGAT GCATAATCAG 960
TTTAGACATG GGTCCCAATT TTATAAAGTC AGGCATACAA GGATAACGTG TCCCAGCTCC 1020
GGATAGGTCA GAAATCATTA GAAATCACTG TGTCCCCATC CTAACTTTTT CAGAATGATC 1080
TGTCATAGCC CTCACAC CA GGCCCGATGT GTCTGACCTA CAACCACATC TACAACCCAA 1140
GTGCCTCAAC CATTGTTAAC GTGTCATCTC AGTAGGTCCC ATTACAAATG CCACCTCCCC 1200
TGTGCAGCCC ATCCCGCTCC ACAGGAAGTC TCCCCACTCT AGACTTCTGC ATCACGATGT 1260
TACAGCCAGA AGCTCCGTGA GGGTGAGGGT CTGTGTCTTA CACCTACCTG TATGCTCTAC 1320
ACCTGAGCTC ACTGCAACCT CTGCCTCCCA GGTTCAAGCA ATTCTCCTGT CTCAGCCTCC 1380
CGCGTAGCTG GGACTACAGG CGCACGCCCG GCTAATTTTT GTATTGTTAG TAGAGATGGG 1440
GTTTCACCAT ATTAGCCCGG CTGGTCTTGA ACTCCTGACC TCAGGTGATC CACCCACCTC 1500
AGCCTCCTAA AGTGCTGGGA TTACAGGCAT GAGTCACCGC GCCCGGCCAA GGGTCAGTGT 1560
TTAATAAGGA ATAACTTGAA TGGTTTACTA AACCAACAGG GAAACAGACA AAAGCTGTGA 1620
TAATTTCAGG GATTCTTGGG ATGGGGAATG GTGCCATGAG CTGCCTGCCT AGTCCCAGAC 1680
CACTGGTCCT CATCACTTTC TTCCCTCATC CTCATTTTCA GGCTAAGTTA CCATTTTATT 1740
CACCATGCTT TTGTGGTAAG CCTCCACATC GTTACTGAAA TAAGAGTATA CATAAACTAG 1800
TTCCATTTGG GGCCATCTGT GTGTGTGTAT AGGGGAGGAG GGCATACCCC AGAGACTCCT 1860
TGAAGCCCCC GGCAGAGGTT TCCTCTCCAG CTGGGGGAGC CCTGCAAGCA CCCGGGGTCC 1920
TGGGTGTCCT GAGCAACCTG CCAGCCCGTG CCACTGGTTG TTTTGTTATC ACTCTCTAGG 1980
GACCTGTTGC TTTCTATTTC TGTGTGACTC GTTCATTCAT CCAGGCATTC ATTGACAATT 2040
TATTGAGTAC TTATATCTGC CAGACACCAG AGACAAAATG GTGAGCAAAG CAGTCACTGC 2100
CCTACCTTCG TGGAGGTGAC AGTTTCTCAT GGAAGACGTG CAGAAGAAAA TTAATAGCCA 2160
GCCAACTTAA ACCCAGTGCT GAAAGAAAGG AAATAAACAC CATCTTGAAG AATTGTGCGC 2220
AGCATCCCTT AACAAGGCCA CCTCCCTAGC GCCCCCTGCT GCCTCCATCG TGCCCGGAGG 2280
CCCCCAAGCC CGAGTCTTCC AAGCCTCCTC CTCCATCAGT CACAGCGCTG CAGCTGGCCT 2340
GCCTCGCTTC CCGTGAATCG TCCTGGTGCA TCTGAGCTGG AGACTCCTTG GCTCCAGGCT 2400
CCAGAAAGGA AATGGAGAGG GAAACTAGTC TAACGGAGAA TCTGGAGGGG ACAGTGTTTC 2460
CTCAGAGGGA AAGGGGCCTC CACGTCCAGG AGAATTCCAG GAGGTGGGGA CTGCAGGGAG 2520
TGGGGACGCT GGGGCTGAGC GGGTGCTGAA AGGCAGGAAG GTGAAAAGGG CAAGGCTGAA 2580
GCTGCCCAGA TGTTCAGTGT TGTTCACGGG GCTGGGAGTT TTCCGTTGCT TCCTGTGAGC 2640
CTTTTTATCT TTTCTCTGCT TGGAGGAGAA GAAGTCTATT TCATGAAGGG ATGCAGTTTC 2700
ATAAAGTCAG CTGTTAAAAT TCCAGGGTGT GCATGGGTTT TCCTTCACGA AGGCCTTTAT 2760
TTAATGGGAA TATAGGAAGC GAGCTCATTT CCTAGGCCGT TAATTCACGG AAGAAGTGAC 2820
TGGAGTCTTT TCTTTCATGT CTTCTGGGCA ACTACTCAGC CCTGTGGTGG ACTTGGCTTA 2880
TGCAAGACGG TCGAAAACCT TGGAATCAGG AGACTCGGTT TTCTTTCTGG TTCTGCCATT 2940
GGTTGGCTGT GCGACCGTGG GCAAGTGTCT CTCCTTCCCT GGGCCATAGT CTTCTCTGCT 3000
ATAAAGACCC TTGCAGCTCT CGTGTTCTGT GAACACTTCC CTGTGATTCT CTGTGAGGGG 3060
GGATGTTGAG AGGGGAAGGA GGCAGAGCTG GAGCAGCTGA GCCACAGGGG AGGTGGAGGG 3120
GGACAGGAAG GCAGGCAGAA GCTGGGTGCT CCATCAGTCC TCACTGATCA CGTCAGACTC 3180
CAGGACCGAG AGCCACAATG CTTCAGGAAA GCTCAATGAA CCCAACAGCC ACATTTTCCT 3240
TCCCTAAGCA TAGACAATGG CATTTGCCAA TAACCAAAAA GAATGCAGAG ACTAACTGGT 3300
GGTAGCTTTT GCCTGGCATT CAAAAACTGG GCCAGAGCAA GTGGAAAATG CCAGAGATTG 3360
TTAAACTTTT CACCCTGACC AGCACCCCAC GCAGCTCAGC AGTGACTGCT GACAGCACGG 3420
AGTGACCTGC AGCGCAGGGG AGGAGAAGAA AAAGAGAGGG ATAGTGTATG AGCAAGAAAG 3480
ACAGATTCAT TCAAGGGCAG TGGGAATTGA CCACAGGGAT TATAGTCCAC GTGATCCTGG 3540
GTTCTAGGAG GCAGGGCTAT ATTGTGGGGG GAAAAAATCA GTTCAAGGGA AGTCGGGAGA 3600
CCTGATTTCT AATACTATAT TTTTCCTTTA CAAGCTGAGT AATTCTGAGC AAGTCACAAG 3660
GTAGTAACTG AGGCTGTAAG ATTACTTAGT TTCTCCTTAT TAGGAACTCT TTTTCTCTGT 3720
GGAGTTAGCA GCACAAGGGC AATCCCGTTT CTTTTAACAG GAAGAAAACA TTCCTAAGAG 3780
TAAAGCCAAA CAGATTCAAG CCTAGGTCTT GCTGACTATA TGATTGGTTT TTTGAAAAAT 3840
CATTTCAGCG ATGTTTACTA TCTGATTCAG AAAATGAGAC TAGTACCCTT TGGTCAGCTG 3900
TAAACAAACA CCCATTTGTA AATGTCTCAA GTTCAGGCTT AACTGCAGAA CCAATCAAAT 3960
AAGAATAGAA TCTTTAGAGC AAACTGTGTT TCTCCACTCT GGAGGTGAGT CTGCCAGGGC 4020
AGTTTGGAAA TATTTACTTC ACAAGTATTG ACACTGTTGT TGGTATTAAC AACATAAAGT 4080
TGCTCAAAGG CAATCAT AT TTCAAGTGGC TTAAAGTTAC TTCTGACAGT TTTGGTATAT 4140
TTATTGGCTA TTGCCATTTG CTTTTTGTTT TTTCTCTTTG GGTTTATTAA TGTAAAGCAG 4200
GGATTATTAA CCTACAGTCC AGAAAGCCTG TGAATTTGAA TGAGGAAAAA ATTACGTTTT 4260
TATTTTTACC ACCTTCTAAC TAAATTTAAC ATTTTATTCC ATTGCGAATA GAGCCATAAA 4320
CTCAAAGTGG TAATAAGAGT ACCTGTGATT TTGTCATTAC CAATAGAAAT CACAGACATT 4380
TTATACTATA TTACAGTTGT TGCAGGTACG TTGTAAGTGA AATATTTATA CTCAAAACTA 4440
CTTTGAAATT AGACCTCCTG CTGGATCTTG TTTTTAACAT ATTAATAAAA CATGTTTAAA 4500 ATTTTGATAT TTTGATAATC ATATTTCATT ATCATTTGTT TCCTTTGTAA TCTATATTTT 4560
ATATATTTGA AAACATCTTT CTGAGAAGAG TTCCCCAGAT TTCACCAATG AGGTTCTTGG 4620
CATGCACACA CACAGAGTAA GAACTGATTT AGAGGCTAAC ATTGACATTG GTGCCTGAGA 4680
TGCAAGACTG AAATTAGAAA GTTCTCCCAA AGATACACAG TTGTTTTAAA GCTAGGGGTG 4740
AGGGGGGAAA TCTGCCGCTT CTATAGGAAT GCTCTCCCTG GAGCCTGGTA GGGTGCTGTC 4800
CTTGTGTTCT GGCTGGCTGT TATTTTTCTC TGTCCCTGCT ACGTCTTAAA GGACTTGTTT 4860
GGATCTCCAG TTCCTAGCAT AGTGCCTGGC ACAGTGCAGG TTCTCAATGA GTTTGCAGAG 4920
TGAATGGAAA TATAAACTAG AAATATATCT TTGTTGAAAT CAGCACACCA GTAGTCCTGG 4980
TGTAAGTGTG TGTACGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTGTGTAAA ACC GGTGGA 5040
GATATAGGAA CTATTATTGG GGTATGGGTG CATAAATTGG GATGTTCTTT TTAAAAAGAA 5100
ACTCCAAACA GACTTCTGGA AGGTTATTTT CTAAGAATCT TGCTGGCAGC GTGAAGGCAA 5160
CCCCCCTGTG CACAGCCCCA CCCAGCCTCA CGTGGCCACC TCTGTCTTCC CCCATGAAGG 5220
GCTGGCTCCC CAGTATATAT AAACCTCTCT GGAGCTCGGG CATGAGCCAG CAAGGCCACC 5280
CATCCAGGCA CCTCTCAGCA CAGC 5304
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 6169 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:
ATCTTTGTTC AGTTTACCTC AGGGCTATTA TGAAATGAAA TGAGATAACC AATGTGAAAG 60
TCCTATAAAC TGTATAGCCT CCATTCGGAT GTATGTCTTT GGCAGGATGA TAAAGAATCA 120
GGAAGAAGGA GTATCCACGT TAGCCAAGTG TCCAGGCTGT GTCTGCTCTT ATTTTAGTGA 180
CAGATGTTGC TCCTGACAGA AGCTATTCTT CAGGAAACAT CACATCCAAT ATGGTAAATC 240
CATCAAACAG GAGCTAAGAA ACAGGAATGA GATGGGCACT TGCCCAAGGA AAAATGCCAG 300
GAGAGCAAAT AATGATGAAA AATAAACTTT TCCCTTTGTT TTTAATTTCA GGAAAAAATG 360
ATGAGGACCA AAATCAATGA ATAAGGAAAA CAGCTCAGAA AAAAGATGTT TCCAAATTGG 420
TAATTAAGTA TTTGTTCCTT GGGAAGAGAC CTCCATGTGA GCTTGATGGG AAAATGGGAA 480
AAACGTCAAA AGCATGATCT GATCAGATCC CAAAGTGGAT TATTATTTTA AAAACCAGAT 540
GGCATCACTC TGGGGAGGCA AGTTCAGGAA GGTCATGTTA GCAAAGGACA TAACAATAAC 600
AGCAAAATCA AAATTCCGCA AATGCAGGAG GAAAATGGGG ACTGGGAAAG CTTTCATAAC 660
AGTGATTAGG CAGTTGACCA TGTTCGCAAC ACCTCCCCGT CTATACCAGG GAACACAAAA 720
ATTGACTGGG CTAAGCCTGG ACTTTCAAGG GAAATATGAA AAACTGAGAG CAAAACAAAA 780
GACATGGTTA AAAGGCAACC AGAACATTGT GAGCCTTCAA AGCAGCAGTG CCCCTCAGCA 840
GGGACCCTGA GGCATTTGCC TTTAGGAAGG CCAGTTTTCT TAAGGAATCT TAAGAAACTC 900
TTGAAAGATC ATGAATTTTA ACCATTTTAA GTATAAAACA AATATGCGAT GCATAATCAG 960
TTTAGACATG GGTCCCAATT TTATAAAGTC AGGCATACAA GGATAACGTG TCCCAGCTCC 1020
GGATAGGTCA GAAATCATTA GAAATCACTG TGTCCCCATC CTAACTTTTT CAGAATGATC 1080
TGTCATAGCC CTCACACACA GGCCCGATGT GTCTGACCTA CAACCACATC TACAACCCAA 1140
GTGCCTCAAC CATTGTTAAC GTGTCATCTC AGTAGGTCCC ATTACAAATG CCACCTCCCC 1200
TGTGCAGCCC ATCCCGCTCC ACAGGAAGTC TCCCCACTCT AGACTTCTGC ATCACGATGT 1260
TACAGCCAGA AGCTCCGTGA GGGTGAGGGT CTGTGTCTTA CACCTACCTG TATGCTCTAC 1320
ACCTGAGCTC ACTGCAACCT CTGCCTCCCA GGTTCAAGCA ATTCTCCTGT CTCAGCCTCC 1380
CGCGTAGCTG GGACTACAGG CGCACGCCCG GCTAATTTTT GTATTGTTAG TAGAGATGGG 1440
GTTTCACCAT ATTAGCCCGG CTGGTCTTGA ACTCCTGACC TCAGGTGATC CACCCACCTC 1500
AGCCTCCTAA AGTGCTGGGA TTACAGGCAT GAGTCACCGC GCCCGGCCAA GGGTCAGTGT 1560
TTAATAAGGA ATAACTTGAA TGGTTTACTA AACCAACAGG GAAACAGACA AAAGCTGTGA 1620
TAATTTCAGG GATTCTTGGG ATGGGGAATG GTGCCATGAG CTGCCTGCCT AGTCCCAGAC 1680
CACTGGTCCT CATCACTTTC TTCCCTCATC CTCATTTTCA GGCTAAGTTA CCATTTTATT 1740
CACCATGCTT TTGTGGTAAG CCTCCACATC GTTACTGAAA TAAGAGTATA CATAAACTAG 1800
TTCCATTTGG GGCCATCTGT GTGTGTGTAT AGGGGAGGAG GGCATACCCC AGAGACTCCT 1860
TGAAGCCCCC GGCAGAGGTT TCCTCTCCAG CTGGGGGAGC CCTGCAAGCA CCCGGGGTCC 1920
TGGGTGTCCT GAGCAACCTG CCAGCCCGTG CCACTGGTTG TTTTGTTATC ACTCTCTAGG 1980
GACCTGTTGC TTTCTATTTC TGTGTGACTC GTTCATTCAT CCAGGCATTC ATTGACAATT 2040 TATTGAGTAC TTATATCTGC CAGACACCAG AGACAAAATG GTGAGCAAAG CAGTCACTGC 2100
CCTACCTTCG TGGAGGTGAC AGTTTCTCAT GGAAGACGTG CAGAAGAAAA TTAATAGCCA 2160
GCCAACTTAA ACCCAGTGCT GAAAGAAAGG AAATAAACAC CATCTTGAAG AATTGTGCGC 2220
AGCATCCCTT AACAAGGCCA CCTCCCTAGC GCCCCCTGCT GCCTCCATCG TGCCCGGAGG 2280
CCCCCAAGCC CGAGTCTTCC AAGCCTCCTC CTCCATCAGT CACAGCGCTG CAGCTGGCCT 2340
GCCTCGCTTC CCGTGAATCG TCCTGGTGCA TCTGAGCTGG AGACTCCTTG GCTCCAGGCT 2400
CCAGAAAGGA AATGGAGAGG GAAACTAGTC TAACGGAGAA TCTGGAGGGG AC GTGTTTC 2460
CTC GAGGGA AAGGGGCCTC CACGTCC GG AGAATTCCAG GAGGTGGGGA CTGCAGGGAG 2520
TGGGGACGCT GGGGCTGAGC GGGTGCTGAA AGGCAGGAAG GTGAAAAGGG CAAGGCTGAA 2580
GCTGCCCAGA TGTTCAGTGT TGTTCACGGG GCTGGGAGTT TTCCGTTGCT TCCTGTGAGC 2640
CTTTTTATCT TTTCTCTGCT TGGAGGAGAA GAAGTCTATT TCATGAAGGG ATGCAGTTTC 2700
ATAAAGTCAG CTGTTAAAAT TCCAGGGTGT GCATGGGTTT TCCTTCACGA AGGCCTTTAT 2760
TTAATGGGAA TATAGGAAGC GAGCTCATTT CCTAGGCCGT TAATTCACGG AAGAAGTGAC 2820
TGGAGTCTTT TCTTTCATGT CTTCTGGGCA ACTACTCAGC CCTGTGGTGG ACTTGGCTTA 2880
TGCAAGACGG TCGAAAACCT TGGAATCAGG AGACTCGGTT TTCTTTCTGG TTCTGCCATT 2940
GGTTGGCTGT GCGACCGTGG GCAAGTGTCT CTCCTTCCCT GGGCCATAGT CTTCTCTGCT 3000
ATAAAGACCC TTGCAGCTCT CGTGTTCTGT GAACACTTCC CTGTGATTCT CTGTGAGGGG 3060
GGATGTTGAG AGGGGAAGGA GGCAGAGCTG GAGCAGCTGA GCCACAGGGG AGGTGGAGGG 3120
GGACAGGAAG GCAGGCAGAA GCTGGGTGCT CCATCAGTCC TCACTGATCA CGTCAGACTC 3180
CAGGACCGAG AGCCACAATG CTTCAGGAAA GCTCAATGAA CCCAACAGCC ACATTTTCCT 3240
TCCCTAAGCA TAGACAATGG CATTTGCCAA TAACCAAAAA GAATGCAGAG ACTAACTGGT 3300
GGTAGCTTTT GCCTGGCATT CAAAAACTGG GCCAGAGCAA GTGGAAAATG CCAGAGATTG 3360
TTAAACTTTT CACCCTGACC AGCACCCCAC GCAGCTCAGC AGTGACTGCT GACAGCACGG 3420
AGTGACCTGC AGCGCAGGGG AGGAGAAGAA AAAGAGAGGG ATAGTGTATG AGCAAGAAAG 3480
AC GATTCAT TCAAGGGCAG TGGGAATTGA CCACAGGGAT TATAGTCCAC GTGATCCTGG 3540
GTTCTAGGAG GCAGGGCTAT ATTGTGGGGG GAAAAAATCA GTTCAAGGGA AGTCGGGAGA 3600
CCTGATTTCT AATACTATAT TTTTCCTTTA CAAGCTGAGT AATTCTGAGC AAGTCACAAG 3660
GTAGTAACTG AGGCTGTAAG ATTACTTAGT TTCTCCTTAT TAGGAACTCT TTTTCTCTGT 3720
GGAGTTAGCA GCACAAGGGC AATCCCGTTT CTTTTAACAG GAAGAAAACA TTCCTAAGAG 3780
TAAAGCCAAA CAGATTCAAG CCTAGGTCTT GCTGACTATA TGATTGGTTT TTTGAAAAAT 3840
CATTTCAGCG ATGTTTACTA TCTGATTCAG AAAATGAGAC TAGTACCCTT TGGTCAGCTG 3900
TAAACAAACA CCCAGTTGTA AATGTCTCAA GTTCAGGCTT AACTGCAGAA CCAATCAAAA 3960
AGAATAGAAT CTTTAGAGC AACTGTGTTT CTCCACATCT GGAGGTGAGT CTGCCAGGGC 4020
AGTTTGGAAA TATTTACTTC ACAAGTATTG ACACTGTTGT TGGTATTAAC AACATAAAGT 4080
TGCTCAAAGG CAATCATTAT TTCAAGTGGC TTAAAGTTAC TTCTGACAGT TTTGGTATAT 4140
TTATTGGCTA TTGCCATTTG CTTTTTGTTT TTTCTCTTTG GGTTTATTAA TGTAAAGCAG 4200
GGATTATTAA CCTACAGTCC AGAAAGCCTG TGAATTTGAA TGAGGAAAAA ATTACATTTT 4260
TGTTTTTACC ACCTTCTAAC TAAATTTAAC ATTTTATTCC ATTGCGAATA GAGCCATAAA 4320
CTCAAAGTGG TAATAACAGT ACCTGTGATT TTGTCATTAC CAATAGAAAT CACAGAC TT 4380
TTATACTATA TTACAGTTGT TGCAGATACG TTGTAAGTGA AATATTTATA CTCAAAACTA 4440
CTTTGAAATT AGACCTCCTG CTGGATCTTG TTTTTAACAT ATTAATAAAA CATGTTTAAA 4500
ATTTTGATAT TTTGATAATC ATATTTCATT ATCATTTGTT TCCTTTGTAA TCTATATTTT 4560
ATATATTTGA AAACATCTTT CTGAGAAGAG TTCCCCAGAT TTCACCAATG AGGTTCTTGG 4620
CATGCACACA CACAGAGTAA GAACTGATTT AGAGGCTAAC ATTGACATTG GTGCCTGAGA 4680
TGCAAGACTG AAATTAGAAA GTTCTCCCAA AGATACACAG TTGTTTTAAA GCTAGGGGTG 4740
AGGGGGGAAA TCTGCCGCTT CTATAGGAAT GCTCTCCCTG GAGCCTGGTA GGGTGCTGTC 4800
CTTGTGTTCT GGCTGGCTGT TATTTTTCTC TGTCCCTGCT ACGTCTTAAA GGACTTGTTT 4860
GGATCTCCAG TTCCTAGCAT AGTGCCTGGC ACAGTGCAGG TTCTCAATGA GTTTGCAGAG 4920
TGAATGGAAA TATAAACTAG AAATATATCC TTGTTGAAAT CAGCACACCA GTAGTCCTGG 4980
TGTAAGTGTG TGTACGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTGTGTGTG TGTAAAACCA GGTGGAGATA 5040
TAGGAACTAT TATTGGGGTA TGGGTGCATA AATTGGGATG TTCTTTTTAA AAAGAAACTC 5100
CAAACAGACT TCTGGAAGGT TATTTTCTAA GAATCTTGCT GGCAGCGTGA AGGCAACCCC 5160
CCTGTGC CA GCCCCACCCA GCCTCACGTG GCCACCTCTG TCTTCCCCCA TGAAGGGCTG 5220
GCTCCCCAGT ATATATAAAC CTCTCTGGAG CTCGGGCATG AGCCAGCAAG GCCACCCATC 5280
CAGGCACCTC TC GCACAGC AGAGCTTTCC AGAGGAAGCC TCACCAAGCC TCTGCAATGA 5340
GGTTCTTCTG TGCACGTTGC TGCAGCTTTG GGCCTGAGAT GCCAGCTGTC CAGCTGCTGC 5400
TTCTGGCCTG CCTGGTGTGG GATGTGGGGG CCAGGACAGC TCAGCTCAGG AAGGCCAATG 5460
ACCAGAGTGG CCGATGCCAG TATACCTTCA GTGTGGCCAG TCCCAATGAA TCCAGCTGCC 5520
CAGAGCAGAG CCAGGCCATG TCAGTCATCC ATAACTTACA GAGAGACAGC AGCACCCAAC 5580
GCTTAGACCT GGAGGCCACC AAAGCTCGAC TCAGCTCCCT GGAGAGCCTC CTCCACCAAT 5640 TGACCTTGGA CCAGGCTGCC AGGCCCCAGG AGACCCAGGA GGGGCTGCAG AGGGAGCTGG 5700
GCACCCTGAG GCGGGAGCGG GACCAGCTGG AAACCCAAAC CAGAGAGTTG GAGACTGCCT 5760
ACAGCAACCT CCTCCGAGAC AAGTCAGTTC TGGAGGAAGA GAAGAAGCGA CTAAGGCAAG 5820
AAAATGAGAA TCTGGCCAGG AGGTTGGAAA GCAGCAGCCA GGAGGTAGCA AGGCTGAGAA 5880
GGGGCCAGTG TCCCCAGACC CGAGACACTG CTCGGGCTGT GCCACCAGGC TCCAGAGAAG 5940
GTAAGAATGC AGAGTGGGGG GACTCTGAGT TCAGCAGGTG ATATGGCTCG TAGTGACCTG 6000
CTACAGGCGC TCCAGGCCTC CCTGCCCTTT CTCCTAGAGA CTGCACAGCT AGCACAAGAC 6060
AGATGAATTA AGGAAAGCAC ACGATCACCT TCAAGTATTA CTAGTAATTT AGCTCCTGAG 6120
AGCTTCATTT AGATTAGTGG TTC GAGTTC TTGTGCCCCT CCATGTCAG 6169
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 926 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 4:
AAGGTAGGCA CATTGCCCTG CAATTTATAA TTTATGAGGT GTTCAATTAT GGAATTGTCA 60
AATATTAACA AAAGTAGAGA GACTACAATG AACTCCAATG TAGCCATAAC TCAGGCCCAA 120
CTGTTATCAG CACAGTCCAA TCATGTTTTA TCTTTCCTTC TCTGACCCCC AACCCATCCC 180
CAGTCCTTAT CTAAAATCAA ATATCAAACA CCATACTCTT TGGGAGCCTA TTTATTTAGT 240
TAGTTAGTTT TCAGACAGAG TTTCTTTCTT GTTCCCAAGC TGGAGTACAA TAGTGTAGTC 300
TCGGCTAACA GCAATCTCCC CCTCCTTGGT TCAAGCAATT CTCCTGCCTC AGTCTCCCAA 360
GAAGCTGGGA TTATAGACAC CTGCCACCAC ATCCAGCTAA TTTTTTTGTG TTTTAGAAAA 420
GACAGGGTTT CACCATGTTG GCCAGGCTGG TTTCGAACTC CTGACCTCAG GTGATCCGCC 480
TGCCTCGGCC TCCCAAAGTG CTGGGATTAC AGGCATGAGC CACCACGCCT GGCCGGCAGC 540
CTATTTAAAT GTCATCCTCA ACATAGTCAA TCCTTGGGCC ATTTTTTCTT ACAGTAAAAT 600
TTTGTCTCTT TCTTTTAATC AGTTTCTACG TGGAATTTGG ACACTTTGGC CTTCCAGGAA 660
CTGAAGTCCG AGCTAACTGA AGTTCCTGCT TCCCGAATTT TGAAGGAGAG CCCATCTGGC 720
TATCTCAGGA GTGGAGAGGG AGACACCGGT ATGAAGTTAA GTTTCTTCCC TTTTGTGCCC 780
ACGTGGTCTT TATTCATGTC TAGTGCTGTG TTCAGAGAAT CAGTATAGGG TAAATGCCCA 840
CCCAAGGGGG AAATTAACTT CCCTGGGAGC AGAGGGAGGG GAGGAGAAGA GGAACAGAAC 900
TCTCTCTCTC TCTCTGTTAC CCTTGT 926
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 2099 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 5:
TGGCTCTGCC AAGCTTCCGC ATGATCATTG TCTGTGTTTG GAAGATTATG GATTAAGTGG 60
TGCTTCGTTT TCTTTCTGAA TTTACCAGGA TGTGGAGAAC TAGTTTGGGT AGGAGAGCCT 120
CTCACGCTGA GAACAGCAGA AACAATTACT GGCAAGTATG GTGTGTGGAT GCGAGACCCC 180
AAGCCCACCT ACCCCTACAC CCAGGAGACC ACGTGGAGAA TCGACACAGT TGGCACGGAT 240
GTCCGCCAGG TTTTTGAGTA TGACCTCATC AGCCAGTTTA TGCAGGGCTA CCCTTCTAAG 300
GTTCACATAC TGCCTAGGCC ACTGGAAAGC ACGGGTGCTG TGGTGTACTC GGGGAGCCTC 360
TATTTCCAGG GCGCTGAGTC CAGAACTGTC ATAAGATATG AGCTGAATAC CGAGACAGTG 420
AAGGCTGAGA AGGAAATCCC TGGAGCTGGC TACCACGGAC AGTTCCCGTA TTCTTGGGGT 480
GGCTACACGG ACATTGACTT GGCTGTGGAT GAAGCAGGCC TCTGGGTCAT TTACAGCACC 540
GATGAGGCCA AAGGTGCCAT TGTCCTCTCC AAACTGAACC CAGAGAATCT GGAACTCGAA 600 CAAACCTGGG AGACAAACAT CCGTAAGCAG TCAGTCGCCA ATGCCTTCAT CATCTGTGGC 660 ACCTTGTACA CCGTCAGCAG CTACACCTCA GCAGATGCTA CCGTCAACTT TGCTTATGAC 720 ACAGGCACAG GTATCAGCAA GACCCTGACC ATCCCATTCA AGAACCGCTA TAAGTACAGC 780 AGCATGATTG ACTACAACCC CCTGGAGAAG AAGCTCTTTG CCTGGGACAA CTTGAACATG 840 GTCACTTATG ACATCAAGCT CTCCAAGATG TGAAAAGCCT CCAAGCTGTA CAGGCAATGG 900 CAGAAGGAGA TGCTCAGGGC TCCTGGGGGG AGCAGGCTGA AGGGAGAGCC AGCCAGCCAG 960
GGCCCAGGCA GCTTTGACTG CTTTCCAAGT TTTCATTAAT CCAGAAGGAT GAACATGGTC 1020
ACCATCTAAC TATTCAGGAA TTGTAGTCTG AGGGCGTAGA CAATTTCATA TAATAAATAT 1080
CCTTTATCTT CTGTCAGCAT TTATGGGATG TTTAATGACA TAGTTCAAGT TTTCTTGTGA 1140
TTTGGGGCAA AAGCTGTAAG GCATAATAGT CTTTTCCTGA AAACCATTGC TCTTGCATGT 1200
TACATGGTTA CCACAAGCCA CAATAAAAAG CATAACTTCT AAAGGAAGCA GAATAGCTCC 1260
TCTGGCCAGC ATCGAATATA AGTAAGATGC ATTTACTACA GTTGGCTTCT AATGCTTCAG 1320
ATAGAATACA GTTGGGTCTC ACATAACCCT TACATTGTGA AATAAAATTT TCTTACCCAA 1380
CGTTCTCTTC CTTGAACTTT GTGGGAATCT TTGCTTAAGA GAAGGATATA GATTCCAACC 1440
ATCAGGTAAT TCCTTCAGGT TGGGAGATGT GATTGCAGGA TGTTAAAGGT GTGTGTGTGT 1500
GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTAACT GAGAGGCTTG TGCCTGGTTT TGAGGTGCTG CCCAGGATGA 1560
CGCCAAGCAA ATAGCGCATC CACACTTTCC CACCTCCATC TCCTGGTGCT CTCGGCACTA 1620
CCGGAGCAAT CTTTCCATCT CTCCCCTGAA CCCACCCTCT ATTCACCCTA ACTCCACTTC 1680
AGTTTGCTTT TGATTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTT GAGATGGGGT CTCGCTCTGT 1740
CACCCAGGCT GGAGTGCAGT GGCACGATCT CGGCTCACTG CAAGTTCCGC CTCCCAGGTT 1800
CACACCATTC TCCTGCCTCA GCCTCCCAAG TAGCTGGGAC TACAGGCACC TGCCACC CG 1860
CCTGGCTAAT TTTTTTTTTT TCCAGTGAAG ATGGGTTTCA CCATGTTAGC CAGGATGGTC 1920
TCGATCTCCT GACCTTGTCA TCCACCCACC TTGGCCTCCC AAAGTGCTGG GATTACAGGC 1980
GTGAGCCACC ACGCCCAGCC CCTCCACTTC AGTTTTTATC TGTCATCAGG GGTATGAATT 2040
TTATAAGCCA CACCTCAGGT GGAGAAAGCT TGATGCATAG CTTGAGTATT CTATACTGT 2099
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO : 6 :
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 6 : TGAGGCTTCC TCTGGAAAC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7: TGAAATCAGC ACACCAGTAG 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 8 : GCACCCATAC CCCAATAATA G 21
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO : 9 : AGAGTTCCCC AGATTTCACC 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 10: ATCTGGGGAA CTCTTCTCAG 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 11: TACAGTTGTT GCAGATACG 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 12: ACAACGTATC TGCAACAACT G 21
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 13: TCAGGCTTAA CTGCAGAACC 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 14: TTGGTTCTGC AGTTAAGCC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 15: AGCAGCACAA GGGCAATCC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 18 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 16: ACAGGGCTAT ATTGTGGG 18
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 17: CCTGAGATGC CAGCTGTCC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: CTGAAGCATT AGAAGCCAAC 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(Xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: ACCTTGGACC AGGCTGCCAG 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 20:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 20: AGGTTTGTTC GAGTTCCAG 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 21:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 21: ACAATTACTG GCAAGTATGG 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 22:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 22: CCTTCTCAGC CTTGCTACC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 23:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: ACACCTCAGC AGATGCTACC 20
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 24:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 24: ATGGATGACT GACATGGCC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 25:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25: AAGGATGAAC ATGGTCACC 19
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 26:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1548 base pairs
(B) TYPE: nucleic acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 26:
AGAGCTTTCC AGAGGAAGCC TCACCAAGCC TCTGCAATGA GGTTCTTCTG TGCACGTTGC 60 TGCAGCTTTG GGCCTGAGAT GCCAGCTGTC CAGCTGCTGC TTCTGGCCTG CCTGGTGTGG 120 GATGTGGGGG CCAGGACAGC TCAGCTCAGG AAGGCCAATG ACCAGAGTGG CCGATGCCAG 180
TATACCTTCA GTGTGGCCAG TCCCAATGAA TCCAGCTGCC CAGAGCAGAG CCAGGCCATG 240
TCAGTCATCC ATAACTTACA GAGAGACAGC AGCACCCAAC GCTTAGACCT GGAGGCCACC 300
AAAGCTCGAC TCAGCTCCCT GGAGAGCCTC CTCCACCAAT TGACCTTGGA CCAGGCTGCC 360
AGGCCCCAGG AGACCCAGGA GGGGCTGCAG AGGGAGCTGG GCACCCTGAG GCGGGAGCGG 420
GACCAGCTGG AAACCCAAAC CAGAGAGTTG GAGACTGCCT ACAGCAACCT CCTCCGAGAC 480
AAGTCAGTTC TGGAGGAAGA GAAGAAGCGA CTAAGGCAAG AAAATGAGAA TCTGGCCAGG 540
AGGTTGGAAA GCAGCAGCCA GGAGGTAGCA AGGCTGAGAA GGGGCCAGTG TCCCCAGACC 600
CGAGACACTG CTCGGGCTGT GCCACCAGGC TCCAGAGAAG TTTCTACGTG GAATTTGGAC 660
ACTTTGGCCT TCCAGGAACT GAAGTCCGAG CTAACTGAAG TTCCTGCTTC CCGAATTTTG 720
AAGGAGAGCC CATCTGGCTA TCTCAGGAGT GGAGAGGGAG AC CCGGATG TGGAGAACTA 780
GTTTGGGTAG GAGAGCCTCT CACGCTGAGA ACAGCAGAAA CAATTACTGG CAAGTATGGT 840
GTGTGGATGC GAGACCCCAA GCCCACCTAC CCCTACACCC AGGAGACCAC GTGGAGAATC 900
GACACAGTTG GCACGGATGT CCGCCAGGTT TTTGAGTATG ACCTCATCAG CCAGTTTATG 960
CAGGGCTACC CTTCTAAGGT TCACATACTG CCTAGGCCAC TGGAAAGCAC GGGTGCTGTG 1020
GTGTACTCGG GGAGCCTCTA TTTCCAGGGC GCTGAGTCCA GAACTGTCAT AAGATATGAG 1080
CTGAATACCG AGACAGTGAA GGCTGAGAAG GAAATCCCTG GAGCTGGCTA CCACGGACAG 1140
TTCCCGTATT CTTGGGGTGG CTACACGGAC ATTGACTTGG CTGTGGATGA AGCAGGCCTC 1200
TGGGTCATTT ACAGCACCGA TGAGGCCAAA GGTGCCATTG TCCTCTCCAA ACTGAACCCA 1260
GAGAATCTGG AACTCGAACA AACCTGGGAG ACAAACATCC GTAAGCAGTC AGTCGCCAAT 1320
GCCTTCATCA TCTGTGGCAC CTTGTACACC GTCAGCAGCT ACACCTCAGC AGATGCTACC 1380
GTCAACTTTG CTTATGACAC AGGCACAGGT ATCAGCAAGA CCCTGACCAT CCCATTCAAG 1440
AACCGCTATA AGTACAGCAG CATGATTGAC TACAACCCCC TGGAGAAGAA GCTCTTTGCC 1500
TGGGACAACT TGAACATGGT CACTTATGAC ATCAAGCTCT CCAAGATG 1548
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 27:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 178 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: None
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27:
Thr Gly Ala Val Val Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Tyr Phe Gin Gly Ala Glu
1 5 10 15
Ser Arg Thr Val lie Arg Tyr Glu Leu Asn Thr Glu Thr Val Lys Ala
20 25 30
Glu Lys Glu lie Pro Gly Ala Gly Tyr His Gly Gin Phe Pro Tyr Ser
35 40 45
Trp Gly Gly Tyr Thr Asp lie Asp Leu Ala Val Asp Glu Ala Gly Leu
50 55 60
Trp Val lie Tyr Ser Thr Asp Glu Ala Lys Gly Ala lie Val Leu Ser 65 70 75 80
Lys Leu Asn Pro Glu Asn Leu Glu Leu Glu Gin Thr Trp Glu Thr Asn
85 90 95 lie Arg Lys Gin Ser Val Ala Asn Ala Phe lie lie Cys Gly Thr Leu
100 105 110
Tyr Thr Val Ser Ser Tyr Thr Ser Ala Asp Ala Thr Val Asn Phe Ala
115 120 125
Tyr Asp Thr Gly Thr Gly lie Ser Lys Thr Leu Thr lie Pro Phe Lys
130 135 140
Asn Arg Tyr Lys Tyr Ser Ser Met lie Asp Tyr Asn Pro Leu Glu Lys 145 150 155 160
Lys Leu Phe Ala Trp Asp Asn Leu Asn Met Val Thr Tyr Asp lie Lys
165 170 175
Leu Ser (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 28:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 131 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: None
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28:
Arg Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Glu Thr lie Leu Lys Thr Arg Ser Leu Asp
1 5 10 15
Tyr Ala Gly Tyr Asn Asn Met Tyr His Tyr Ala Trp Gly Gly His Ser
20 25 30
Asp lie Asp Leu Met Val Asp Glu Ser Gly Leu Trp Ala Val Tyr Ala
35 40 45
Thr Asn Gin Asn Ala Gly Asn lie Val Val Ser Arg Leu Asp Pro Val
50 55 60
Ser Leu Gin Thr Leu Gin Thr Trp Asn Thr Ser Tyr Pro Lys Arg Xaa 65 70 75 80
Pro Gly Xaa Ala Phe lie lie Cys Gly Thr Cys Tyr Val Thr Asn Gly
85 90 95
Tyr Ser Gly Gly Thr Lys Val His Tyr Ala Tyr Gin Thr Asn Ala Ser
100 105 110
Thr Tyr Glu Tyr lie Asp lie Pro Phe Gin Asn Lys Leu Xaa Pro His
115 120 125
Phe Pro Cys 130
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 29:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 178 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: None
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29:
Gly Thr Gly Gin Val Val Tyr Asn Gly Ser lie Tyr Phe Asn Lys Phe
1 5 10 15
Gin Ser His lie lie lie Arg Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Glu Thr lie Leu
20 25 30
Lys Thr Arg Ser Leu Asp Tyr Ala Gly Tyr Asn Asn Met Tyr His Tyr
35 40 45
Ala Trp Gly Gly His Ser Asp lie Asp Leu Met Val Asp Glu Asn Gly
50 55 60
Leu Trp Ala Val Tyr Ala Thr Asn Gin Asn Ala Gly Asn lie Val lie 65 70 75 80
Ser Lys Leu Asp Pro Val Ser Leu Gin lie Leu Gin Thr Trp Asn Thr
85 90 95
Ser Tyr Pro Lys Arg Ser Ala Gly Glu Ala Phe lie lie Cys Gly Thr
100 105 110
Leu Tyr Val Thr Asn Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gly Thr Lys Val His Tyr Ala 115 120 125
Tyr Gin Thr Asn Ala Ser Thr Tyr Glu Tyr He Asp He Pro Phe Gin
130 135 140
Asn Lys Tyr Ser His He Ser Met Leu Asp Tyr Asn Pro Lys Asp Arg 145 150 155 160
Ala Leu Tyr Ala Trp Asn Asn Gly His Gin Thr Leu Tyr Asn Val Thr
165 170 175
Leu Phe
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 30:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 177 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: None
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 30:
Gly Ala Gly Val Val Val His Asn Asn Asn Leu Tyr Tyr Asn Cys Phe
1 5 10 15
Asn Ser His Asp Met Cys Arg Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser Gly Val Tyr Gin
20 25 30
Lys Lys Pro Leu Leu Asn Ala Leu Phe Asn Asn Arg Phe Ser Tyr Ala
35 40 45
Gly Thr Met Phe Gin Asp Met Asp Phe Ser Ser Asp Glu Lys Gly Leu
50 55 60
Trp Val He Phe Thr Thr Glu Lys Ser Ala Gly Lys He Val Val Gly 65 70 75 80
Lys Val Asn Val Ala Thr Phe Thr Val Asp Asn He Trp He Thr Thr
85 90 95
Gin Asn Lys Ser Asp Ala Ser Asn Ala Phe Met He Cys Gly Val Leu
100 105 110
Tyr Val Thr Arg Ser Leu Gly Pro Lys Met Glu Glu Val Phe Tyr Met
115 120 125
Phe Asp Thr Lys Thr Gly Lys Glu Gly His Leu Ser He Met Met Glu
130 135 140
Lys Met Ala Glu Lys Val His Ser Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Asn Asp Arg 145 150 155 160
Lys Leu Tyr Met Phe Ser Glu Gly Tyr Leu Leu His Tyr Asp He Ala
165 170 175
Leu
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 31:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 74 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: None
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: Gly Val Val Tyr Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Thr Leu Ala Gly Tyr Asn Asn 1 5 10 15
Tyr Ala Trp Gly Gly Asp He Asp Leu Val Asp Glu Gly Leu Trp Tyr
20 25 30
Thr Ala Gly He Val Ser Lys Leu Pro Leu Gin Thr Trp Thr Lys Ala
35 40 45
Phe He He Cys Gly Thr Leu Tyr Val Thr Tyr Val Tyr Ala Tyr Thr
50 55 60
He Tyr Asp Tyr Asn Pro Lys Leu Tyr Leu 65 70
(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 32:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 504 amino acids
(B) TYPE: amino acid
(C) STRANDEDNESS: single
(D) TOPOLOGY: linear
(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: N-terminal
(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32:
Met Arg Phe Phe Cys Ala Arg Cys Cys Ser Phe Gly Pro Glu Met Pro
1 5 10 15
Ala Val Gin Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Cys Leu Val Trp Asp Val Gly Ala
20 25 30
Arg Thr Ala Gin Leu Arg Lys Ala Asn Asp Gin Ser Gly Arg Cys Gin 5 40 45
Tyr Thr Phe Ser Val Ala Ser Pro Asn Glu Ser Ser Cys Pro Glu Gin
50 55 60
Ser Gin Ala Met Ser Val He His Asn Leu Gin Arg Asp Ser Ser Thr 65 70 75 80
Gin Arg Leu Asp Leu Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala Arg Leu Ser Ser Leu Glu
85 90 95
Ser Leu Leu His Gin Leu Thr Leu Asp Gin Ala Ala Arg Pro Gin Glu
100 105 110
Thr Gin Glu Gly Leu Gin Arg Glu Leu Gly Thr Leu Arg Arg Glu Arg
115 120 125
Asp Gin Leu Glu Thr Gin Thr Arg Glu Leu Glu Thr Ala Tyr Ser Asn
130 135 140
Leu Leu Arg Asp Lys Ser Val Leu Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Arg Leu Arg 145 150 155 160
Gin Glu Asn Glu Asn Leu Ala Arg Arg Leu Glu Ser Ser Ser Gin Glu
165 170 175
Val Ala Arg Leu Arg Arg Gly Gin Cys Pro Gin 'Thr Arg Asp Thr Ala
180 185 190
Arg Ala Val Pro Pro Gly Ser Arg Glu Val Ser Thr Trp Asn Leu Asp
195 200 205
Thr Leu Ala Phe Gin Glu Leu Lys Ser Glu Leu Thr Glu Val Pro Ala
210 215 220
Ser Arg He Leu Lys Glu Ser Pro Ser Gly Tyr Leu Arg Ser Gly Glu 225 230 235 240
Gly Asp Thr Gly Cys Gly Glu Leu Val Trp Val Gly Glu Pro Leu Thr
245 250 255
Leu Arg Thr Ala Glu Thr He Thr Gly Lys Tyr Gly Val Trp Met Arg
260 265 270
Asp Pro Lys Pro Thr Tyr Pro Tyr Thr Gin Glu Thr Thr Trp Arg He
275 280 285
Asp Thr Val Gly Thr Asp Val Arg Gin Val Phe Glu Tyr Asp Leu He 290 295 300
Ser Gin Phe Met Gin Gly Tyr Pro Ser Lys Val His He Leu Pro Arg 305 310 315 320
Pro Leu Glu Ser Thr Gly Ala Val Val Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Tyr Phe
325 330 335
Gin Gly Ala Glu Ser Arg Thr Val He Arg Tyr Glu Leu Asn Thr Glu
340 345 350
Thr Val Lys Ala Glu Lys Glu He Pro Gly Ala Gly Tyr His Gly Gin
355 360 365
Phe Pro Tyr Ser Trp Gly Gly Tyr Thr Asp He Asp Leu Ala Val Asp
370 375 380
Glu Ala Gly Leu Trp Val He Tyr Ser Thr Asp Glu Ala Lys Gly Ala 385 390 395 400
He Val Leu Ser Lys Leu Asn Pro Glu Asn Leu Glu Leu Glu Gin Thr
405 410 415
Trp Glu Thr Asn He Arg Lys Gin Ser Val Ala Asn Ala Phe He He
420 425 430
Cys Gly Thr Leu Tyr Thr Val Ser Ser Tyr Thr Ser Ala Asp Ala Thr
435 440 445
Val Asn Phe Ala Tyr Asp Thr Gly Thr Gly He Ser Lys Thr Leu Thr
450 455 460
He Pro Phe Lys Asn Arg Tyr Lys Tyr Ser Ser Met He Asp Tyr Asn 465 470 475 480
Pro Leu Glu Lys Lys Leu Phe Ala Trp Asp Asn Leu Asn Met Val Thr
485 490 495
Tyr Asp He Lys Leu Ser Lys Met 500

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps:
(A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said first marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a ΗGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting ΗGR response in said patient;
(B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and
(C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of said polymorphism is diagnostic of glaucoma.
2. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
3. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
4. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt3.
5. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt4.
6. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt5.
7. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRsvl.
8. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 1, further comprising a second marker nucleic acid molecule.
9. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 8, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
10. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 9, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25
11. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 10, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
12. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 10, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
13. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 10, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
14. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 10, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
15. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient which comprises the steps:
(A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that is linked to a TIGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting ΗGR response in said patient;
(B) permitting hybridization between said TIGR-encoding marker nucleic acid molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and
(C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of said polymorphism is diagnostic of steroid sensitivity.
16. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
17. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
18. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt3.
19. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt4.
20. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt5.
21. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecύngTIGRsvl.
22. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 15, further comprising a second marker nucleic acid molecule.
23. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 22, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
24. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 23, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
25. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 24, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
26. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 24, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
27. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 24, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
28. A method for diagnosing steroid sensitivity in a patient according to claim 24, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
29. The method of claims 10 or 24, wherein said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient has been amplified using a nucleic acid amplification method.
30. The method of claim 1, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of D1S2536 marker nucleic acid, D1S210 marker nucleic acid, D1S1552 marker nucleic acid, D1S2536 marker nucleic acid D1S2790 marker nucleic acid, SHGC-12820 marker nucleic acid, and D1S2558 marker nucleic acid.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is D1S2536 marker nucleic acid.
32. The method of claim 15, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of D1S2536 marker nucleic acid, D1S210 marker nucleic acid, D1S1552 marker nucleic acid, D1S2536 marker nucleic acid D1S2790 marker nucleic acid, SHGC-12820 marker nucleic acid, and D1S2558 marker nucleic acid.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is D1S2536 marker nucleic acid.
34. A nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
35. A recombinant DNA molecule containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 1.
36. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO:l.
37. A nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
38. A recombinant DNA molecule containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 3.
39. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
40. A nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
41. A recombinant DNA molecule containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 4.
42. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
43. A nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
44. A recombinant DNA molecule containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 5.
45. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5.
46. A nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26.
47. A recombinant DNA molecule containing a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to SEQ ID NO: 26.
48. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26.
49. A substantially purified molecule that specifically binds to a nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a glucocorticoid response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of GR/PR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a shear stress response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a glucocorticoid response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of CBE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NFE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of PRE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of ETF-EGFR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of Alu, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding VBP, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of Malt-CS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding ERE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of NF-mutagen, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding myc-PRF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding AP2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding HSTF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of SBF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-MHCIIA/B, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding PEA1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of ICS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding ISGF2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding zinc, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding API, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding SRY, , a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of GC2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding PEA3, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of MIR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-HNF- 1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a thyroid receptor cis element, and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NFKB.
50. A method of treating glaucoma which comprises administering to a glaucomatous patient an effective amount of an agent capable of binding a cis element located within SEQ ID NO: 1.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein said agent inhibits the expression of a TIGR mRNA.
52. The method of claim 50, wherein said agent binds a DNA sequence within SEQ ID NO: 1.
53. The method of claim 50, wherein said agent binds a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of PRL-FP111, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a glucocorticoid response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of GR/PR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a shear stress response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a glucocorticoid response cis element, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of CBE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NFE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding KTF.l-CS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of PRE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of ETF-EGFR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding SRE-cFos, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of Alu, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding VBP, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of Malt-CS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding ERE, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of NF-mutagen, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding myc-PRF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding AP2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding HSTF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of SBF, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-MHCIIA/B, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding PEA1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of ICS, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding ISGF2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding zinc, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of CAP/CRP-galO, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding API, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding SRY, , a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of GC2, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding PEA3, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element characteristic of MIR, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NF-HNF- 1, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a thyroid receptor cis element, and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises a cis element capable of binding NFKB.
54. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient which comprises the steps:
(A) incubating under conditions permitting nucleic acid hybridization: a marker nucleic acid molecule, said first marker nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide that specifically hybridizes to a polynucleotide that is linked to a ΗGR promoter, and a complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from a cell or a bodily fluid of said patient, wherein nucleic acid hybridization between said marker nucleic acid molecule, and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient permits the detection of a polymorphism whose presence is predictive of a mutation affecting ΗGR response in said patient;
(B) permitting hybridization between said marker nucleic add molecule and said complementary nucleic acid molecule obtained from said patient; and
(C) detecting the presence of said polymorphism, wherein the detection of said polymorphism is prognostic of glaucoma.
55. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
56. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmtl.
57. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt3.
58. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt4.
59. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRmt5.
60. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is capable of specifically detecting TIGRsvl.
61. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 54, further comprising a second marker nucleic acid molecule.
62. A method for prognosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 61, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
63. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 62, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule and said second marker nucleic acid molecule are selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25
64. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 63, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
65. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 63, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8.
66. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 63, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
67. A method for diagnosing glaucoma in a patient according to claim 63, wherein said first marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 and said second marker nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25.
68. The method of claim 54, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is selected from the group consisting of D1S2536 marker nucleic acid, D1S210 marker nucleic acid, D1S1552 marker nucleic acid, D1S2536 marker nucleic acid D1S2790 marker nucleic acid, SHGC-12820 marker nucleic acid, and D1S2558 marker nucleic acid.
69. The method of claim 68, wherein said marker nucleic acid molecule is D1S2536 marker nucleic acid.
PCT/US1998/000468 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders WO1998032850A1 (en)

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JP53201798A JP2001509669A (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 Diagnosis, prediction and treatment of glaucoma and related diseases
DE69838553T DE69838553T2 (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, FORECAST AND TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA AND RELATED DISEASES
EP98901761A EP1012271B1 (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders
NZ336860A NZ336860A (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders using polynucleotides hybridised to a TIGR promoter
CA002278782A CA2278782C (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-09 Methods for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of glaucoma and related disorders
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CA2278782A1 (en) 1998-07-30
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