SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to programmable light sources, and more particularly, to a system for controlling spectral power distribution of light by utilizing a spatial light modulator
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are many applications in which it is desirable to have a light source which has a specific spectral power distribution These include applications such as color correction for telecine, colorimetry, photography, spectrometry, film scanning, color photocopying, multi- spectral signal analysis and others. However, the light sources that are utilized often do not have ideal spectral power distributions A filter device may be used to modify the spectral power distribution of a light source to provide a specific output One type of filter device is a colored filter such as a dyed glass, gelatin or plastic filter .Alternatively, an interference filter may be used which provides more precise control of spectral bandpass
In addition, programmable devices may be used such as filter changers and additive color lamp houses Such devices mix three or more colored light sources to produce a modified color output However, the actual spectral power distribution of the output of such devices is only controlled within the number of spectral bands for which an attenuation system is provided, which is typically two to four at most Therefore, it is desirable to provide a system which enables specific control of the spectral power distribution of a light source
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a system which enables specific control of the spectral power distribution of a light source
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system which enables specific control of the spectral power distribution of a light source having fractional wavelength resolution.
These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following description of the invention.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for controlling spectral power distribution of light generated by a light source is disclosed. The system includes a collimating element for collimating the light to form collimated light. In addition, the system includes a dispersing element for dispersing the collimated light into a plurality of component wavelengths each having an amplitude, wherein the plurality of component wavelengths form an input spectral power distribution whose energy level varies. Further, the system includes a light modulating element having an array of pixels which may be turned on or off by a controller. Each of the component wavelengths impinges on a corresponding set of pixels to form a plurality of pixel sets each associated with a component wavelength. First pixels in each pixel set are turned off to form blocking elements for blocking transmission of light. In addition, second pixels in each pixel set are turned on to form transmission elements for transmitting light through the light modulating element. As such, each pixel set forms a light passageway adapted for modulating the amplitude of the associated component wavelength to a desired intensity level to form an output spectral power distribution having a substantially constant light intensity level.
The features of the invention believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 depicts an a prism and a spatial light modulator in accordance with the present invention.
FIGURES 2 A - 2C depict a spectral power distribution of input light, a distribution of
wavelengths and associated intensity levels on a pixel array and an output spectral power distribution having a relatively constant energy level.
FIGURE 3 depicts a system for controlling spectral power distribution of light in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in FIGURES 1 -3.
Referring to FIGURE 1, an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In FIGURE 1, a dispersion element such as a prism 10 is shown positioned adjacent to an addressable spatial light modulator 12. The prism 10 serves to spatially separate, or disperse, input light 14 generated by a light source into its constituent wavelengths 16 (only blue and red are shown for purposes of clarity) each of which have an amplitude. In this regard, it is noted that other types of dispersion elements may be used such as a diffraction grating or a graduated thickness interference filter. Referring to FIGURE 2A, an example of an input spectral power distribution 18 for the wavelengths 16 is shown. The input spectral power distribution 18 illustrates a plurality of spectral peaks 20 indicating various amplitude or intensity levels for the wavelengths 16. In accordance with the present invention, it is desirable to control or modulate the intensity level of each of the wavelengths 16 to provide a specific or desired spectral power distribution.
Referring to FIGURE 2B in conjunction with FIGURE 1, the light modulator 12 includes an array of pixels 22. Each of the pixels 22 may be selectively turned on or off by a controller such that each of the pixels 22 forms either a transmitting element 24 (shown as white squares) for transmitting light through the light modulator or a blocking element 26 (shown as black squares) for blocking transmission of light, respectively. In this regard, it is noted that light modulators such as those manufactured by DISPLAYTECH, TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS and MEADOWL.ARK OPTICAL may be used. The wavelengths 16 impinge on the light modulator 12 such that the wavelengths 16 and their associated amplitudes are imaged in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, of the light modulator 12. Each of the wavelengths 16 impinge on an associated set of pixels to form a plurality of associated pixel sets. For purposes of illustration, the present invention will be now described with reference to a first pixel set 28 that includes a first column of pixels 30. It is noted that this description also applies to other pixel sets. In accordance with the present invention, first pixels 32 in the first pixel set 28 are turned off thus forming blocking elements. In addition, second pixels 34 in the first pixel set 28 are turned on thus forming transmission elements. As such, the first pixel set 28 forms a "slit" or light passageway in the vertical direction in FIGURE 2B through which its associated wavelength passes. Further, the blocking and transmission elements in the first pixel set 28 are selected such the light passageway is sized for modulating the amplitude of the associated wavelength to provide a desired intensity level. Similarly, pixels 22 in the other pixel sets are turned on or off to form additional light passageways each of which are sized so as to modulate the amplitude of the associated wavelength to substantially the same intensity level.
Referring to FIGURE 2C, an output spectral power distribution 36 for the wavelengths 16 is shown. In accordance with the present invention, the amplitudes are modulated so that the intensity levels of each of the wavelengths 16 are substantially equal to each other. As previously described, it is desirable to have a light source which generates light having a specific power distribution. In accordance with the present invention, the input spectral power distribution 18 shown in FIGURE 2A, which depicts various intensity levels for each of the wavelengths, is modified to form a desired output spectral power distribution 36 as shown in FIGURE 2C having a relatively constant intensity level 38. Referring to FIGURE 3, a system 40 for controlling spectral power distribution of light is shown. The system 40 includes a collimating element 42 positioned between a light source 44 and a dispersion element such as a variable thickness interference filter 46. In particular, such filters include a variable thickness interference coating which varies the transmitted wavelength as a function of coating thickness along the length of the filter 46. The light source 44 generates achromatic light 47 whose spectral power distribution is to be controlled
The light 47 is then collimated by the collimating element 42 to form collimated light 48. In
this regard, it is noted that the collimating element 42 may include a plano-convex lens 43 and a diverging lens 45, although other configurations for collimating light may be used. The collimated light 48 then impinges on the filter 46 which disperses the light into its constituent wavelengths 50. The system 40 further includes the light modulator 12 upon which each of the wavelengths 50 impinge and an integrating sphere 52 having input 54 and output 56 ports and a cavity 58. The pixels 22 in the light modulator 12 are turned on or off by a controller 60 so as to provide suitable modulation of the amplitudes of each of the wavelengths 50 to form the spectral power distribution 60 described in connection with FIGURES 2A - 2C. The wavelengths 50 then enter the input port 54 and are integrated within the cavity 58 to form integrated light in a well known manner. The integrated light then exits through the output port 56 and serves as a light source 62. The sphere 52 further includes a fiber probe or other light sensing element 64 which provides signals indicative of selected wavelength characteristics such as intensity level. The signals are then sent to a spectrometer 66 which serves as a calibration reference for determining whether or not a desired intensity level is achieved. The controller 60 then adjusts the number of pixels 22 which are turned or off in each pixel set in order to achieve the desired intensity level based on information provided by the spectrometer 66.
Thus it is apparent that in accordance with the present invention, an apparatus that fully satisfies the objectives, aims and advantages is set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, permutations and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, pulse width modulation could be employed to vary the quantity of energy at a particular bandwidth. In addition, spectral power distributions having other than a constant intensity level may be generated as desired. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations are far within the scope of the appended claims.