WO1997040125A1 - Liquid compositions comprising hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols as mildness actives - Google Patents

Liquid compositions comprising hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols as mildness actives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997040125A1
WO1997040125A1 PCT/EP1997/001147 EP9701147W WO9740125A1 WO 1997040125 A1 WO1997040125 A1 WO 1997040125A1 EP 9701147 W EP9701147 W EP 9701147W WO 9740125 A1 WO9740125 A1 WO 9740125A1
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Prior art keywords
hydrophobically modified
modified polyalkylene
composition
anionic
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/001147
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mengtao He
Michael Joseph Fair
Michael Massaro
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever N.V.
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Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever N.V. filed Critical Unilever Plc
Priority to BR9708729A priority Critical patent/BR9708729A/en
Priority to EP97908190A priority patent/EP0900261B1/en
Priority to AU20249/97A priority patent/AU725259B2/en
Priority to CA002248150A priority patent/CA2248150C/en
Priority to DE69713324T priority patent/DE69713324T2/en
Publication of WO1997040125A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997040125A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/86—Polyethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/442—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof substituted by amido group(s)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
    • A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/90—Betaines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid personal wash compositions (e.g., shower gels) , particularly, to compositions comprising (1) one or more anionic surfactants and (2) one or more amphoteric surfactants.
  • the invention relates to the incorporation of relatively low addition levels of specific hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (HMPEG) in the liquids.
  • HMPEG hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols
  • HMPEG High molecular weight hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols
  • Dias et al teach that the combination of urea, alpha- or beta-hydroxy acid, and animal/oil derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants (some of them are the HMPEG of the subject invention) are needed to achieve desired skin feel effect.
  • Patent No. WO 9,423,695 to Unilever NV teaches a personal washing formulation that contains 3-15% sodium lauryl (EO) sulfate, 3-10% sulphosuccinate surfactants, 0.5- 3% thickener such as fatty acid glyceride polyglycol ether (a HMPEG), and 0.1-5% of an emulsifier such as PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil.
  • EO sodium lauryl
  • sulphosuccinate surfactants 3-10%
  • thickener such as fatty acid glyceride polyglycol ether (a HMPEG)
  • an emulsifier such as PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil.
  • the percentage of the fatty acid glyceride polyglycol ether is outside the range of choice of our invention, and the molecular weight of PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil is below 4000, which is also outside the range of choice of our invention.
  • Patent No. SU 1,330,148 to S. Navardausk, R. zilberman, and D. Kurdyumova teaches a liquid cleanser formulation containing 2-4 % wt . of polyethylene glycol ester of 10-16C (a HMPEG) as thickener mixed with other ingredients.
  • the percentage of the 10-16C polyethylene glycol ester in total composition is below 5%, which is outside the range of choice of our invention.
  • Patent No. DE 4,409,189 to Chem-Y Chem Fab GMBH teaches a surfactant composition containing 5-20% anionic surfactants, 2.5-10% alkyl polyglucoside, 1-4% ethoxylated rape seed oil fatty acid (can be a HMPEG) , and 0.5-2.5% polyoxyethylene propylene dioleate (a HMPEG) as thickener.
  • the percentage of the HMPEG in total composition is outside the range of choice of our invention.
  • Patent No. FR 2,336,475 to Gillette Co. teaches the use of amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant as major actives and anionic surfactant as coactives in a PW liquid.
  • the formulation contains 2% thickener such as polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate (a HMPEG) .
  • the percentage of the HMPEG in total composition is outside the range of choice of our invention.
  • Patent No. US 4,828,750 to F. Simion, L. Rhein, J. Blake-Haskins, S. Babulak and R. Cantore teaches a formulation containing 0.25-6% nonionic surfactant, 0.05-5% of an organic acid, 0.1-4% of a thickening agent, such as a diester of stearic acid and polyoxyethylene (can be a HMPEG of the subject invention) .
  • a thickening agent such as a diester of stearic acid and polyoxyethylene (can be a HMPEG of the subject invention) .
  • the level of the diester of stearic acid and polyoxyethylene is below 5% by wt . total composition, which is outside the range of choice of our invention.
  • UK Patent Application Nos. GB 2,288, 811A and GB 2, 288, 812A to L. Dias, M. Giret, C. Leahy, and R. Elliot teach liquid skin cleansing formulations containing 5 to 50% of anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants in general, 0.1 to 20% of a soluble or dispersible nonionic surfactant selected from ethoxylated animal and vegetable oils and fats and mixtures thereof, 0.5-8% urea, and 0.1-5% alpha or beta hydroxy acid.
  • the art of this invention is to use a combination of urea, the animal/vegetable oil derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants (some of them can be the HMPEG of the subject invention) , and hydroxy acid to achieve desirable skin feel and mildness (PG11, Line 4 to 6, and PG4, Line 26 to 28) .
  • PG11, Line 4 to 6, and PG4, Line 26 to 28 hydroxy acid
  • references require a specific combination of ingredients (e.g., urea and the oil- fat derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants) to achieve the desired skin feel effects, thus use of urea is a criticality.
  • urea is not required in the subject invention, and, in fact, is specifically disclaimed.
  • the subject invention differs from the prior art referred above, alone or in combination, in that the applicants have found that at relatively low levels, defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (e.g. , having specific HMPEG to anionic surfactant weight ratio below 1:1, specific range of molecular weight, and specific ethylene oxide : hydrophobe ratio) in specific surfactant systems (e.g., containing greater than or equal to 50% anionic surfactant (s) ; and also necessarily containing at least some amphoteric surfactant) will result m enhanced mildness of the specific systems without sacrificing processibility and user properties. Additionally, the low levels of addition of HMPEG avoids the problem of over-thickening and can reduce the cost of the liquid compositions. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • liquid personal wash compositions comprising a surfactant system comprising:
  • HMPEG hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols
  • Weight ratio of HMPEG to anionic surfactant is between 1:1.1 to 1:10. This ratio is a criticality because above the range of this ratio, special efforts have to be made to control the high viscosity of liquid personal wash compositions, and the cost of the composition can be raised; below this range, skin irritation potential of anionic surfactant can not be effectively mitigated.
  • the HMPEG should have molecular weight of 4,000 to
  • This MW range is a criticality because, above this range of molecular weight, HMPEG can cause over-thickening and cause processing and handling difficulties. Below this MW range, HMPEG approaches the structure of a conventional ethoxylated nonionic detergent and may impair lather performance and other desired user properties.
  • Figure la and Figure lb show the Zem % dissolved by acyl isethionate / cocoamido propyl betaine as a function of nonionic polymeric surfactant concentration.
  • Figure 2 shows that, even at relatively low levels of addition, a HMPEG of the invention (POE(200) glyceryl stearate) significantly reduces skm irritation caused by sodium acyl isethionate.
  • a HMPEG of the invention POE(200) glyceryl stearate
  • the present invention relates to novel liquid personal water compositions, particularly compositions in which the surfactant system comprises greater than 50% of the surfactant system anionic surfactant or surfactants, and additionally comprises one or more amphoteric surfactants.
  • the surfactant system of the subject invention generally comprises 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by wt . of the composition and comprises:
  • the anionic surfactant may be, for example, an aliphatic sulfonate, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C 8 -C : ) sulfonate, primary alkane (e.g., C ⁇ -C 2 ⁇ J disulfonate, C 0 -C_ alkene sulfonate, C 8 -C 2 , hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS) ; or an aromatic sulfonate such as alkyl benzene sulfonate.
  • a primary alkane e.g., C 8 -C :
  • primary alkane e.g., C ⁇ -C 2 ⁇ J disulfonate, C 0 -C_ alkene sulfonate, C 8 -C 2 , hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl gly
  • the anionic may also be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C ; -C !P alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates) .
  • alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula: RO(CH 2 CH 2 0) n S0 3 M
  • R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than 1.0, preferably between 2 and 3; and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates are preferred.
  • the anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C 6 -C 22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates, alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C B -C 22 alkyl phosphates and phosphates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C 8 -C;. ; monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulphoacetates, and acyl isethionates .
  • alkyl sulfosuccinates including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C 6 -C 22 sulfosuccinates
  • alkyl and acyl taurates alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates
  • Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the formula:
  • amido-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula
  • R 4 ranges from C a -C 22 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation
  • alkoxylated citrate sulfosuccinates alkoxylated citrate sulfosuccinates
  • alkoxylated sulfosuccinates such as the following:
  • RCON(CH,)CH 2 C0 7 M wherein R ranges from C a -C 20 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
  • Taurates are generally identified by formula
  • R 2 ranges from C a -C 20 alkyl
  • R 3 ranges from C,-C 4 alkyl
  • M is a solubilizing cation.
  • carboxylates such as follows:
  • R is C ⁇ to C 20 alkyl; n is 0 to 20; and M is as defined above.
  • amido alkyl polypeptide carboxylates such as, for example, Monteine LCQ IPI by Seppic.
  • Another surfactant which may be used are the C Trust-C 1( , acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Acyl isethionates when present, will generally range from about 0.5-15% by weight of the total composition.
  • this component is present from about 1 to about 10%.
  • the acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as is described in ilardi et al . , U.S. Patent No.
  • R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons
  • m is an integer from 1 to 4
  • X and Y are hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons
  • M * is a monovalent cation such as, for example, sodium, potassium or ammonium.
  • the anionic component will comprise from about 1 to 20% by weight of the composition, preferably 5 to 15%, most preferably 5 to 12% by weight of the composition.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified by those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • a general formula for these compounds is:
  • R 2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety;
  • Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms;
  • R ⁇ ' is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms;
  • X is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom, and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom;
  • R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.
  • surfactants examples include:
  • Amphoteric detergents which may be used in this invention include at least one acid group. This may be a carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They include quaternary nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids. They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with an overall structural formula:
  • R 1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
  • n 2 to 4;
  • n 0 to 1;
  • X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl
  • Y is -CO, or -SO
  • Suitable amphoteric detergents within the above general formula include simple betaines of formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined previously.
  • R 1 may in particular be a mixture of C ⁇ ; and C 14 alkyl groups derived from coconut so that at least half, preferably at least three quarters of the groups R 1 have 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 and R J are preferably methyl.
  • amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine of formula
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as discussed previously.
  • amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine of formula
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as discussed previously.
  • Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be covered in possible zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which may be used.
  • the amphoteric/zwitterionic generally comprises 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 15%, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by wt . of the composition.
  • the surfactant system may optionally comprise a nonionic surfactant.
  • the nonionic which may be used includes in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.
  • Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C t - C 22 ) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C ⁇ -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
  • nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
  • the nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide.
  • the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Patent No. 5,389,279 to Au et al . which is hereby incorporated by reference or it may be one of the sugar amides described in Patent No. 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, hereby incorporated into the subject application by reference.
  • alkyl polysaccharides are alkylpolyglycosides of the formula
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 0 to 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from 1.3 to about 10, preferably from 1.3 to about 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on) .
  • the additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on, preferably predominantly the 2-pos ⁇ t ⁇ on.
  • Nonionic comprises 0 to 10% by wt . of the composition.
  • hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols are provided.
  • HMPEG nonionic polymeric surfactants having a broad molecular weight range from about 4000 to 25000 (preferably 4000 to 15000) .
  • This range of molecular weight is a criticality because, above the defined range of molecular weight, HMPEG can make liquid formulations sticky and viscous, which causes processing problems, such as difficulties in mixing and handling. Below this range, HMPEG approaches the structure of a conventional nonionic detergent that may impair lather performance and desired user properties .
  • the polymers will be selected from alkylene nonionic polymers chemically and terminally attached by hydrophobic moieties, wherein the hydrophobic moiety can be derivatives of linear or branched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkylene, acyl (e.g., having a carbon number of C4 to C40); fat and oil derivatives of alkylglyceryl , glyceryl, sorbitol, lanolin oil, coconut oil, jojoba oil, castor oil, almond oil, peanut oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, linseed oil, apricot pits oil, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, sunflower seed oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and safflower oil, Shea butter, babassu oil, etc.
  • hydrophob hydro
  • the portion of ethylene oxide moiety per mole of HMPEG is between 60% wt. and 99 % wt. (preferably 85 % wt. to 97 % wt . ) .
  • the total content of the hydrophobic moiety is between 1 % wt . and 40 % wt . (preferably 3% wt . to 15% wt . ) per mole of the defined HMPEG.
  • examples of various hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols are set forth in Table 1 below where in T m (°C) were obtained from literature from the corresponding chemical suppliers or measured by the inventors using a differential scanning calorimetry technique.
  • R hydrophobic moieties such as linear or branched alkyl chains (e.g., having carbon number of C4 to C40) ; derivatives of sorbitol, lanolin radical, coconut radical, jojoba acid radical, castor oil radical, etc.;
  • melting temperature of the compounds is preferred to be about 25°-85°.
  • the weight ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic surfactant should be in the range of 1:1.1 to 1:10. While not wishing to be bound by theory, this ratio is believed critical because, at ratios below 1:10, improvement on mildness is not significant and, at ratios above 1:1.1, special efforts have to be made to adjust the high viscosity of liquid wash compositions (see the prior art in Patent No. US 4,247,425, US 4,343,726, and US 4,256,611) .
  • the defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols generally comprise 5 to 25% by wt . (preferably 5 to 15% by wt ) of the total liquid composition.
  • compositions of the invention may include optional ingredients as follows:
  • Organic solvents such as ethanol; auxiliary thickeners, such as carboxymethylcellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carbopols, glucamides, or Antil IR) from Rhone Poulenc; perfumes; sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) , EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO,, EGM ⁇ (ethylene glycol monostearate) or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer) ; all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the product.
  • auxiliary thickeners such as carboxymethylcellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carbopols, glucamides, or Antil IR) from Rhone
  • compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as
  • compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be used to advantage.
  • Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene
  • BHT may be used advantageously in amounts of about 0.01% or higher if appropriate.
  • Cationic conditioners which may be used include Quatrisoft LM-200 Polyquaternium-24 , Merquat Plus 3330 - Polyquaternium 39; and Jaguar (R
  • Polyethylene glycols which may be used include:
  • Thickeners which may be used include Amerchol Polymer HM 1500 (Nonoxynyl Hydroethyl Cellulose) ; Glucam DOE 120 (PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate) ; Rewoderm (R) (PEG modified glyceryl cocoate, palmate or tallowate) from Rewo Chemicals; Antil :Hl 141 (from Goldschmidt) .
  • deflocculating polymers such as are taught in U.S. Patent No. 5,147,576 to Montague, hereby incorporated by reference.
  • exfoliants such as polyoxyethylene beads, walnut shells and apricot seeds
  • compositions may also contain 0.1 to 15% by wt . , preferably 1 to 10% by wt . of a structurant .
  • a structurant can be used to avoid addition of external structurants (e.g., cross linked polyacylates and clays) if suspending particles is desired as well as to provide desirable consumer attributes.
  • the structurant is generally an unsaturated and/or branched long chain (C 8 -C 24 ) liquid fatty acid or ester derivative thereof; and/or unsaturated and/or branched long chain liquid alcohol or ether derivatives thereof. It may also be a short chain saturated fatty acid such as capric acid or caprylic acid. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the unsaturated part of the fatty acid of alcohol or the branched part of the fatty acid or alcohol acts to "disorder" the surfactant hydrophobic chains and induce formation of lamellar phase.
  • liquid fatty acids which may be used are oleic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, arichidonic acid, myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid.
  • Ester derivatives include propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol oleate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl oleate and polyglyceryl diisostearate.
  • alcohols include oleyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol.
  • ether derivatives include isosteareth or oleth carboxylic acid; or isosteareth or oleth alcohol.
  • the structuring agent may be defined as having melting point below about 25°C centigrade.
  • Another optional ingredient is oil/emollient which may be added as a benefit agent to the liquid compositions.
  • Vegetable oils Arachis oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, safflower seed oil, sesame seed oil and soybean oil.
  • Esters Butyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, decyloleate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl linoleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol ricinoleate, propylene glycol stearate, and propylene glycol isostearate.
  • Animal Fats Acytylated lanolin alcohols, lanolin, lard, mink oil and tallow.
  • Fatty acids and alcohols Behenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, eicosanyl alcohol and isocetyl alcohol.
  • oil/emollients include mineral oil, petrolatum, silicone oil such as dimethyl polysiloxane, lauryl and myristyl lactate.
  • the emollient may also function as a structurant, it should not be doubly included such that, for example, if the structurant is 15% oleyl alcohol, no more than 5% oleyl alcohol as "emollient” would be added since the emollient (whether functioning as emollient or structurant) should not comprise more than 20%, preferably no more than 15% of the composition.
  • the emollient/oil is generally used in an amount from about
  • composition 1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% by wt . of the composition. Generally, it should comprise no more than 20% of the composition.
  • Zein dissolution test was used to preliminary screen the irritation potential of the formulations studied.
  • 30 mLs of an aqueous dispersion of a formulation were prepared.
  • the dispersions sat in a 45°C bath until fully dissolved.
  • 1.5 gms of zein powder were added to each solution with rapid stirring for one hour.
  • the solutions were then transferred to centrifuge tubes and centrifuged for 30 minutes at approximately 3,000 rpms.
  • the undissolved zein was isolated, rinsed and allowed to dry in a 60°C vacuum oven to a constant weight .
  • the percent zein solubilized which is proportional to irritation potential, was determined gravimetrically.
  • Patch test was used to evaluate skin mildness of aqueous dispersions containing 1% DEFI active (sodium cocoyl isethionate) and different levels of the structurant/coactives .
  • Patches Hilltop ,R Chambers, 25 mm in size
  • Scanpor Scanpor (R1 tape)
  • the patches were removed and the sites were visually ranked in order of severity (erythema and dryness) by trained examiners under consistent lighting.
  • Formulation Processing shows in the examples of this invention were prepared in 400 mL beakers in a 40-60C oil bath. Mixing was accomplished with a variable speed overhead motor. Batch size was varied from 100-250 gms. All chemicals used were commercial materials and used as supplied. Those chemicals were dispersed in Milli-Q water, which accounted for 50-80% of the whole formulation. After the batch was homogeneously mixed, it was allowed to be cooled under room temperature. Exampl e 1
  • HMPEG hydrophobically modified polyalylene glycols
  • POE(200) glyceryl stearate significantly reduced the skin irritation caused by even a mild surfactant system, such as sodium acyl isethionate/cocoamido propyl betaine.
  • a mild surfactant system such as sodium acyl isethionate/cocoamido propyl betaine.
  • SAD weight ratio around 0.74:1 (equivalent to 10% wt .
  • POE(200) glyceryl stearate reduced the skin irritation of a DEFl/betaine liquor significantly.
  • the formulation (A) was a stable milky white cream, which provided rich, creamy, and slippery lather that was rinsed off easily.
  • the formulation (B) and (C) were stable milky white lotions that were pourable and pumpable. These lotions provided rich and creamy lather.

Abstract

The present invention relates to liquid detergent compositions comprising anionic/amphoteric surfactant systems. Low addition levels of specific hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol wherein ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic surfactant is defined have been found to remarkably enhance mildness without sacrificing processibility and desired user properties. In a second embodiment, the invention relates to a method for enhancing mildness in liquid detergent compositions comprising anionic surfactant by adding said defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols.

Description

LIQUID COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING
HYDROPHOBICALLY MODIFIED POLYALKYLENE GLYCOLS
AS MILDNESS ACTIVES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to liquid personal wash compositions (e.g., shower gels) , particularly, to compositions comprising (1) one or more anionic surfactants and (2) one or more amphoteric surfactants. Specifically, the invention relates to the incorporation of relatively low addition levels of specific hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (HMPEG) in the liquids. Through careful balancing of anionic surfactant to HMPEG and specific selection of the HMPEG, enhanced mildness is obtained without sacrificing processability, lather performance and other desired user properties.
BACKGROUND
The use of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols in liquid personal wash compositions is not new. High molecular weight hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (HMPEG) have been used previously as thickeners in liquids at an addition level of less than 5% wt . of total composition; beyond this level, over-thickening can be induced. Some prior art (e.g., Patents by Egan et al. discussed below) teach that only relatively high levels of addition of HMPEG (HMPEG to anionic surfactant weight ratio between 1:1 and 4:1) can effectively reduce the skin irritation potential of anionic surfactants. However, this high levels of HMPEG can cause over-thickening, and the referred patents also teach the solution to control the viscosity. Two GB patent application by Dias et al . teach that the combination of urea, alpha- or beta-hydroxy acid, and animal/oil derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants (some of them are the HMPEG of the subject invention) are needed to achieve desired skin feel effect.
The references are discussed below.
Patent No. WO 9,423,695 to Unilever NV teaches a personal washing formulation that contains 3-15% sodium lauryl (EO) sulfate, 3-10% sulphosuccinate surfactants, 0.5- 3% thickener such as fatty acid glyceride polyglycol ether (a HMPEG), and 0.1-5% of an emulsifier such as PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil. The percentage of the fatty acid glyceride polyglycol ether is outside the range of choice of our invention, and the molecular weight of PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil is below 4000, which is also outside the range of choice of our invention.
Patent No. SU 1,330,148 to S. Navardausk, R. zilberman, and D. Kurdyumova teaches a liquid cleanser formulation containing 2-4 % wt . of polyethylene glycol ester of 10-16C (a HMPEG) as thickener mixed with other ingredients. The percentage of the 10-16C polyethylene glycol ester in total composition is below 5%, which is outside the range of choice of our invention.
Patent No. DE 4,409,189 to Chem-Y Chem Fab GMBH teaches a surfactant composition containing 5-20% anionic surfactants, 2.5-10% alkyl polyglucoside, 1-4% ethoxylated rape seed oil fatty acid (can be a HMPEG) , and 0.5-2.5% polyoxyethylene propylene dioleate (a HMPEG) as thickener. The percentage of the HMPEG in total composition is outside the range of choice of our invention.
Patent No. FR 2,336,475 to Gillette Co. teaches the use of amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant as major actives and anionic surfactant as coactives in a PW liquid. The formulation contains 2% thickener such as polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate (a HMPEG) . The percentage of the HMPEG in total composition is outside the range of choice of our invention.
Patent No. US 4,828,750 to F. Simion, L. Rhein, J. Blake-Haskins, S. Babulak and R. Cantore teaches a formulation containing 0.25-6% nonionic surfactant, 0.05-5% of an organic acid, 0.1-4% of a thickening agent, such as a diester of stearic acid and polyoxyethylene (can be a HMPEG of the subject invention) . The level of the diester of stearic acid and polyoxyethylene is below 5% by wt . total composition, which is outside the range of choice of our invention.
US Patent No.s 4,247,425, 4,343,726, and 4,256,611 to R. Egan teach liquid skin cleansing formulations containing anionic surfactant and hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (e.g., POE(200) -glyceryl-stearate) as mildness enhancers. These patents showed that only at relatively high addition level of the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols / anionic surfactant weight ratio above 1:1 (preferably 1:1 to 4:1) ) , the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols can significantly reduce the irritation of anionic surfactant. However, use of high levels of HMPEG may thicken the liquid composition and require extra efforts to control the viscosity of the formulation, which is part of the art of this invention.
UK Patent Application Nos. GB 2,288, 811A and GB 2, 288, 812A to L. Dias, M. Giret, C. Leahy, and R. Elliot teach liquid skin cleansing formulations containing 5 to 50% of anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants in general, 0.1 to 20% of a soluble or dispersible nonionic surfactant selected from ethoxylated animal and vegetable oils and fats and mixtures thereof, 0.5-8% urea, and 0.1-5% alpha or beta hydroxy acid. Evidently, the art of this invention is to use a combination of urea, the animal/vegetable oil derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants (some of them can be the HMPEG of the subject invention) , and hydroxy acid to achieve desirable skin feel and mildness (PG11, Line 4 to 6, and PG4, Line 26 to 28) . However, neither m-vivo nor m-vitro data were presented to support the mildness claim, and no amonic/ethoxylated nonionic weight ratio was specified m these applications. Finally, the references require a specific combination of ingredients (e.g., urea and the oil- fat derived ethoxylated nonionic surfactants) to achieve the desired skin feel effects, thus use of urea is a criticality. In contrast, the use of urea is not required in the subject invention, and, in fact, is specifically disclaimed.
The subject invention differs from the prior art referred above, alone or in combination, in that the applicants have found that at relatively low levels, defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (e.g. , having specific HMPEG to anionic surfactant weight ratio below 1:1, specific range of molecular weight, and specific ethylene oxide : hydrophobe ratio) in specific surfactant systems (e.g., containing greater than or equal to 50% anionic surfactant (s) ; and also necessarily containing at least some amphoteric surfactant) will result m enhanced mildness of the specific systems without sacrificing processibility and user properties. Additionally, the low levels of addition of HMPEG avoids the problem of over-thickening and can reduce the cost of the liquid compositions. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Unexpectedly, applicants have found that in liquid personal wash compositions comprising a surfactant system comprising:
(1) 3% to 30% by wt. , preferably 5% to 20%, total composition anionic surfactant or mixture of anionic surfactants, wherein anionic is greater than or equal to 50% of the surfactant system; and (2) 0.1 to 20% by wt . total composition one or more amphoteric surfactants;
(3) the addition of 5 to 25% by wt . (preferably 5 to 15%) of total composition of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (HMPEG) wherein weight of alkylene oxide (e.g., ethylene oxide) portion is between 60% and 90%, preferably 85% to 97% wt . of the weight of the HMPEG, will lead to significantly enhanced mildness in such compositions without sacrificing processibility and desired user properties, such as rich and creamy lather.
Weight ratio of HMPEG to anionic surfactant is between 1:1.1 to 1:10. This ratio is a criticality because above the range of this ratio, special efforts have to be made to control the high viscosity of liquid personal wash compositions, and the cost of the composition can be raised; below this range, skin irritation potential of anionic surfactant can not be effectively mitigated.
The HMPEG should have molecular weight of 4,000 to
25,000, preferably 4,000 to 15,000. This MW range is a criticality because, above this range of molecular weight, HMPEG can cause over-thickening and cause processing and handling difficulties. Below this MW range, HMPEG approaches the structure of a conventional ethoxylated nonionic detergent and may impair lather performance and other desired user properties.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure la and Figure lb show the Zem % dissolved by acyl isethionate / cocoamido propyl betaine as a function of nonionic polymeric surfactant concentration. in contrast to PEG 8000, POE(200) glyceryl stearate and POE(200) glyceryl tallowate significantly reduced the Zem % dissolved at relatively low levels. Therefore the irritation potential of a personal washing bar can be further reduced by including relatively low levels (i.e. less than 30%) of defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols in a full liquid composition.
Figure 2 shows that, even at relatively low levels of addition, a HMPEG of the invention (POE(200) glyceryl stearate) significantly reduces skm irritation caused by sodium acyl isethionate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel liquid personal water compositions, particularly compositions in which the surfactant system comprises greater than 50% of the surfactant system anionic surfactant or surfactants, and additionally comprises one or more amphoteric surfactants.
Unexpectedly, applicants have found that when relatively small amounts (5 to 25% by wt . composition) of a defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols (i.e., defined by MW of 4,000-25,000; by percentage of EO of the polymer being between 60% and 99% wt . ; ) is used, and when there is a defined ratio of the hydrophobically modified polymer to anionic surfactant (i.e., 1:1.1 to 1:10) , the liquid composition is significantly milder (as defined by zein dissolution and patch tests) than either in the absence of the polymer or if a different alkylene oxide (e.g., polyethylene oxide) is used.
The compositions are defined in greater detail below:
Surfactant System
The surfactant system of the subject invention generally comprises 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by wt . of the composition and comprises:
(a) 3% to 30%, preferably 5 to 20% by wt . total composition one or more anionic surfactants wherein the anionic surfactant comprises 50% or more of the surfactant system;
(b) 0.1 to 20% by wt . , preferably 3% to 10% total composition amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant; and
(c) 0% to 10% optional nonionic surfactant (other than hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols of invention) .
The anionic surfactant may be, for example, an aliphatic sulfonate, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C8-C: ) sulfonate, primary alkane (e.g., Cβ-C2ιJ disulfonate, C0-C_ alkene sulfonate, C8-C2, hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS) ; or an aromatic sulfonate such as alkyl benzene sulfonate.
The anionic may also be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C; -C!P alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates) . Among the alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula: RO(CH2CH20)nS03M
wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than 1.0, preferably between 2 and 3; and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates are preferred.
The anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates, alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, CB-C22 alkyl phosphates and phosphates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C;.; monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulphoacetates, and acyl isethionates .
Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the formula:
R'OjCCH.CH (SO-,M)C02M;
amido-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula
R4CONHCH2CH202CCH2CH ( SO^M) C02M
wherein R4 ranges from Ca-C22 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation;
amido-MIPA sulfosuccinates of formula
RCONH(CH2)CH(CH:t) (SO,M)CO;,M
where M is as defined above. Also included are the alkoxylated citrate sulfosuccinates; and alkoxylated sulfosuccinates such as the following:
R-O- (CH2CH20) nCCH7CH(S03M)C02M
wherein n = 1 to 20; and M is as defined above.
Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula
RCON(CH,)CH2C07M, wherein R ranges from Ca-C20 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
Taurates are generally identified by formula
R2CONR3CH,CH2SO,M
wherein R2 ranges from Ca-C20 alkyl, R3 ranges from C,-C4 alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.
Another class of anionics are carboxylates such as follows:
R- (CH2CH20)nC02M
wherein R is Cβ to C20 alkyl; n is 0 to 20; and M is as defined above.
Another carboxylate which can be used is amido alkyl polypeptide carboxylates such as, for example, Monteine LCQIPI by Seppic. Another surfactant which may be used are the C„-C1(, acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
Acyl isethionates, when present, will generally range from about 0.5-15% by weight of the total composition.
Preferably, this component is present from about 1 to about 10%.
The acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as is described in ilardi et al . , U.S. Patent No.
5,393,466, hereby incorporated by reference into the subject application. This compound has the general formula:
X
R C-0-CH-CH2- (OCH-CH2)m-SO,M*
wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is an integer from 1 to 4, X and Y are hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons and M* is a monovalent cation such as, for example, sodium, potassium or ammonium.
In general the anionic component will comprise from about 1 to 20% by weight of the composition, preferably 5 to 15%, most preferably 5 to 12% by weight of the composition.
Zwitterionic and Amnhoteric Surfactants
Zwitterionic surfactants are exemplified by those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is:
(R3)x I
Figure imgf000013_0001
wherein R2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R~' is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; X is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom, and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom; R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.
Examples of such surfactants include:
4- [N,N-di (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-octadecylammonio] -butane-1- carboxylate;
5- [S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecylsulfonio] -3- hydroxypentane-1-sulfate;
3- [P, P-diethyl-P-3 , 6, 9-trioxatetradexocylphosphonio] -2- hydroxypropane-1-phosphate;
3- [N,N-dipropyl-N-3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylammonio] - propane-1-phosphonate; 3- (N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate;
3- (N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio) -2-hydroxypropane-l- sulfonate;
4- [N,N-di (2-hydroxyethyl) -N- (2-hydroxydodecyl) ammonio] - butane-1-carboxylate;
3- [S-ethyl-S- (3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl ) sulfonio] - propane-1-phosphate;
3- [P, P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio] -propane-1- phosphonate; and
5- [N,N-di (3-hydroxypropyl) -N-hexadecylammonio] -2- hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate.
Amphoteric detergents which may be used in this invention include at least one acid group. This may be a carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They include quaternary nitrogen and therefore are quaternary amido acids. They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with an overall structural formula:
O
R1 - [-C-NH (CH2) -] -N'-X-Y
R3
where R1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms;
R2 and R3 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
n is 2 to 4;
m is 0 to 1;
X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and
Y is -CO, or -SO,
Suitable amphoteric detergents within the above general formula include simple betaines of formula:
R2
R1 N+ CH?CO,"
I
R1
and amido betaines of formula
R1 - CONH(CH2)m-N(- CH.CO?
I
R3
where m is 2 or 3.
In both formulae R1, R2 and R3 are as defined previously. R1 may in particular be a mixture of Cι; and C14 alkyl groups derived from coconut so that at least half, preferably at least three quarters of the groups R1 have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. R2 and RJ are preferably methyl.
A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine of formula
R2
I
Figure imgf000015_0001
R or
R2
R1 - CONH (CH,),. N4 (CH, 2) ', 3S'-"O-'T
R3
where m is 2 or 3, or variants of these in which (CH2)3SO~ 3 is replaced by
OH
-CH2CHCH? SO,
In these formulae R1, R2 and R3 are as discussed previously.
A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent is a sulphobetaine of formula
R2
R1 N+— (CH,),SCV
or
R?
R1 -CONH(CH,)m N+~ (CH,)3S03
I
R3
where m is 2 or 3 , or variants of these in which (CH2) 3S03 ~ is replaced by OH
-CH2CHCH2S03 ~
In these formulae R1, R2 and R3 are as discussed previously.
Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be covered in possible zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which may be used.
The amphoteric/zwitterionic generally comprises 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 15%, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by wt . of the composition.
In addition to one or more anionic and amphoteric and/or zwitterionic, the surfactant system may optionally comprise a nonionic surfactant.
The nonionic which may be used includes in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (Ct- C22) phenols-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (Cθ-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides. The nonionic may also be a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Patent No. 5,389,279 to Au et al . which is hereby incorporated by reference or it may be one of the sugar amides described in Patent No. 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, hereby incorporated into the subject application by reference.
Other surfactants which may be used are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,723,325 to Parran Jr. and alkyl polysaccharide nonionic surfactants as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,565,647 to Llenado, both of which are also incorporated into the subject application by reference.
Preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkylpolyglycosides of the formula
R20 ( CnH2nO ) t ( glycosyl ) ,
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 0 to 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from 1.3 to about 10, preferably from 1.3 to about 2.7. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1-posιtιon) . The additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1-posιtιon and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-posιtιon, preferably predominantly the 2-posιtιon. Nonionic comprises 0 to 10% by wt . of the composition.
Hydrophobically Modified Polyalkylene Glvcols (HMPEG)
The hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols
(HMPEG) of the subject invention are generally commercially available nonionic polymeric surfactants having a broad molecular weight range from about 4000 to 25000 (preferably 4000 to 15000) . This range of molecular weight is a criticality because, above the defined range of molecular weight, HMPEG can make liquid formulations sticky and viscous, which causes processing problems, such as difficulties in mixing and handling. Below this range, HMPEG approaches the structure of a conventional nonionic detergent that may impair lather performance and desired user properties .
Generally, the polymers will be selected from alkylene nonionic polymers chemically and terminally attached by hydrophobic moieties, wherein the hydrophobic moiety can be derivatives of linear or branched alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkylene, acyl (e.g., having a carbon number of C4 to C40); fat and oil derivatives of alkylglyceryl , glyceryl, sorbitol, lanolin oil, coconut oil, jojoba oil, castor oil, almond oil, peanut oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, linseed oil, apricot pits oil, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, sunflower seed oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and safflower oil, Shea butter, babassu oil, etc. These hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols are usually commercially available (see Table 1 for examples) .
To ensure water solubility, it is preferred that the portion of ethylene oxide moiety per mole of HMPEG is between 60% wt. and 99 % wt. (preferably 85 % wt. to 97 % wt . ) . In other words, the total content of the hydrophobic moiety is between 1 % wt . and 40 % wt . (preferably 3% wt . to 15% wt . ) per mole of the defined HMPEG.
Specifically, examples of various hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols are set forth in Table 1 below where in Tm (°C) were obtained from literature from the corresponding chemical suppliers or measured by the inventors using a differential scanning calorimetry technique.
Table 1 Representative hydrophobically modified PEGs. (R= hydrophobic moieties such as linear or branched alkyl chains (e.g., having carbon number of C4 to C40) ; derivatives of sorbitol, lanolin radical, coconut radical, jojoba acid radical, castor oil radical, etc.;
POE= Polyoxyethylene (e.g., - (CH2CH20)mH) ; m= No. ethylene oxide monomer units; m>50.)
Chemicals Suppliers (Brands) Comments POE(m)-R Witco (Varonic LI-420) R= glyceryltallowate; m=200; white solid.
Seppic (Simusol 220TM) R=glyeery1stearate; m=200; white solid.
Amerchol (Glucam E-200) R=glucoside; m=200; water soluble; white solid.
Calgene Chemical (600-S) Tm:52-62C; R=stearate; m=150; Tm:52-62C.
Calgene Chemical (600-L) R=laurate; m=150
R-POE(m)-R Stepan (KESSCO PEG6000 R=stearate; m=174; distearate) Tm:54C; white solid.
As noted, melting temperature of the compounds is preferred to be about 25°-85°.
In addition, the weight ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic surfactant should be in the range of 1:1.1 to 1:10. While not wishing to be bound by theory, this ratio is believed critical because, at ratios below 1:10, improvement on mildness is not significant and, at ratios above 1:1.1, special efforts have to be made to adjust the high viscosity of liquid wash compositions (see the prior art in Patent No. US 4,247,425, US 4,343,726, and US 4,256,611) . The defined hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols generally comprise 5 to 25% by wt . (preferably 5 to 15% by wt ) of the total liquid composition.
In addition, the compositions of the invention may include optional ingredients as follows:
Organic solvents, such as ethanol; auxiliary thickeners, such as carboxymethylcellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carbopols, glucamides, or AntilIR) from Rhone Poulenc; perfumes; sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) , EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%; and coloring agents, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO,, EGMΞ (ethylene glycol monostearate) or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylate copolymer) ; all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of the product.
The compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as
2-hydroxy-4, 2 ' 4 ' trichlorodiphenylether (DP300); preservatives such as dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid etc.
The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or diethanol amides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate may also be used to advantage.
Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) may be used advantageously in amounts of about 0.01% or higher if appropriate.
Cationic conditioners which may be used include Quatrisoft LM-200 Polyquaternium-24 , Merquat Plus 3330 - Polyquaternium 39; and Jaguar(R| type conditioners.
Polyethylene glycols which may be used include:
Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M,
Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M, or Polyox WSR-N-750 PEG 7M.
Thickeners which may be used include Amerchol Polymer HM 1500 (Nonoxynyl Hydroethyl Cellulose) ; Glucam DOE 120 (PEG 120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate) ; Rewoderm(R) (PEG modified glyceryl cocoate, palmate or tallowate) from Rewo Chemicals; Antil:Hl 141 (from Goldschmidt) .
Another optional ingredient which may be added are the deflocculating polymers such as are taught in U.S. Patent No. 5,147,576 to Montague, hereby incorporated by reference.
Another ingredient which may be included are exfoliants such as polyoxyethylene beads, walnut shells and apricot seeds
The compositions may also contain 0.1 to 15% by wt . , preferably 1 to 10% by wt . of a structurant . Such structurants can be used to avoid addition of external structurants (e.g., cross linked polyacylates and clays) if suspending particles is desired as well as to provide desirable consumer attributes.
The structurant is generally an unsaturated and/or branched long chain (C8-C24) liquid fatty acid or ester derivative thereof; and/or unsaturated and/or branched long chain liquid alcohol or ether derivatives thereof. It may also be a short chain saturated fatty acid such as capric acid or caprylic acid. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the unsaturated part of the fatty acid of alcohol or the branched part of the fatty acid or alcohol acts to "disorder" the surfactant hydrophobic chains and induce formation of lamellar phase.
Examples of liquid fatty acids which may be used are oleic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, arichidonic acid, myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid. Ester derivatives include propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol oleate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl oleate and polyglyceryl diisostearate.
Examples of alcohols include oleyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol. Examples of ether derivatives include isosteareth or oleth carboxylic acid; or isosteareth or oleth alcohol.
The structuring agent may be defined as having melting point below about 25°C centigrade.
Another optional ingredient is oil/emollient which may be added as a benefit agent to the liquid compositions.
Various classes of oils are set forth below.
Vegetable oils: Arachis oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, safflower seed oil, sesame seed oil and soybean oil.
Esters: Butyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, decyloleate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isobutyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl linoleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol ricinoleate, propylene glycol stearate, and propylene glycol isostearate. Animal Fats: Acytylated lanolin alcohols, lanolin, lard, mink oil and tallow.
Fatty acids and alcohols: Behenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, eicosanyl alcohol and isocetyl alcohol.
Other examples of oil/emollients include mineral oil, petrolatum, silicone oil such as dimethyl polysiloxane, lauryl and myristyl lactate.
It should be understood that where the emollient may also function as a structurant, it should not be doubly included such that, for example, if the structurant is 15% oleyl alcohol, no more than 5% oleyl alcohol as "emollient" would be added since the emollient (whether functioning as emollient or structurant) should not comprise more than 20%, preferably no more than 15% of the composition.
The emollient/oil is generally used in an amount from about
1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% by wt . of the composition. Generally, it should comprise no more than 20% of the composition.
The following examples are intended to illustrate further the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
All percentages are intended to be percentages by weight unless stated otherwise.
EXAMPLES Protocol
Mildness Assessments: Zein dissolution test was used to preliminary screen the irritation potential of the formulations studied. In an 8 oz. jar, 30 mLs of an aqueous dispersion of a formulation were prepared. The dispersions sat in a 45°C bath until fully dissolved. Upon equilibration at room temperature, 1.5 gms of zein powder were added to each solution with rapid stirring for one hour. The solutions were then transferred to centrifuge tubes and centrifuged for 30 minutes at approximately 3,000 rpms. The undissolved zein was isolated, rinsed and allowed to dry in a 60°C vacuum oven to a constant weight . The percent zein solubilized, which is proportional to irritation potential, was determined gravimetrically.
The Protocol of 3-Dav Patch Test: Patch test was used to evaluate skin mildness of aqueous dispersions containing 1% DEFI active (sodium cocoyl isethionate) and different levels of the structurant/coactives . Patches (Hilltop,R) Chambers, 25 mm in size) were applied to the outer upper arms of the panelists under bandage type dressings (Scanpor(R1 tape) . After each designated contact periods (24 hrs. for the first patch application, 18 hrs. for the second and third applications) , the patches were removed and the sites were visually ranked in order of severity (erythema and dryness) by trained examiners under consistent lighting.
Formulation Processing: Formulations shows in the examples of this invention were prepared in 400 mL beakers in a 40-60C oil bath. Mixing was accomplished with a variable speed overhead motor. Batch size was varied from 100-250 gms. All chemicals used were commercial materials and used as supplied. Those chemicals were dispersed in Milli-Q water, which accounted for 50-80% of the whole formulation. After the batch was homogeneously mixed, it was allowed to be cooled under room temperature. Exampl e 1
The irritation reduction potential of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols was investigated using Zein dissolution experiments. As indicated in Figure la and Figure lb, the defined hydrophobically modified polyalylene glycols (HMPEG) , as a class, are significantly more effective than PEG in reducing the Zein % dissolved by 1% to 2.7% aqueous DEFI suspension (DEFI is a sodium acyl isethionate/fatty acid mixture defined in the Table 2 of Example 3) . The data in Figure la and Figure lb also showed that at relatively low level of addition of HMPEG (HMPEG to anionic surfactant weight ratio below 1:1), HMPEG significantly reduced the amount of Zein dissolved by DEFI.
Example 2
Three day skin patch tests showed that, even at low levels of addition, POE(200) glyceryl stearate significantly reduced the skin irritation caused by even a mild surfactant system, such as sodium acyl isethionate/cocoamido propyl betaine. As shown in Figure 2, at a POE(200) glyceryl stearate to sodium acyl isethionate (SAD weight ratio around 0.74:1 (equivalent to 10% wt . POE(200) glyceryl stearate in a liquid containing 13.5% wt . sodium acyl isethionate) , POE(200) glyceryl stearate reduced the skin irritation of a DEFl/betaine liquor significantly. In contrast, even at a PEG 8000 to SAI weight ratio as high as 1.67:1 (effectively 22.5% wt. PEG 8000 in a liquid with 13.5% SAI) , PEG 8000 made no measurable mildness contribution to the SAI/CAP betaine aqueous liquor.
Example 3
All amounts are given in percentage of weight. These formulations used sodium cocoyl isethionate as the major anionic detergent with other amphoteric and anionic surfactants as coactives. The formulation (A) was a stable milky white cream, which provided rich, creamy, and slippery lather that was rinsed off easily. The formulation (B) and (C) were stable milky white lotions that were pourable and pumpable. These lotions provided rich and creamy lather.
Figure imgf000028_0001
*DEFI : directly esterified fatty acid isethionate, which is a mixture containing about 74% by weight of sodium acyl isethionate, 23% stearic-palmitic acid and small amounts of other materials, manufactured by Lever Brothers Co, U.S.
Example 4
All amounts are given in percentage of weight. These formulations used sodium lauryl sulphate. (3EO) as the major anionic detergent with optional amphoteric and anionic surfactants as coactives. These clear, pourable liquids provided rich, creamy and slippery lather and smooth skin feel.
Figure imgf000029_0001

Claims

1. A liquid detergent composition comprising:
(a) a detergent surfactant system comprising (1) 3% to 30% by wt . total composition anionic or mixtures of anionic surfactants wherein the anionic surfactant comprises 50% or greater of the detergent active system; and (2) 0.1% to 20% by wt . total composition comprising one or more amphoteric surfactants, and
(b) 5 to 25% by wt . hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols;
wherein the ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic or anionics is 1:1.1 to 1:10; and
wherein the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol is defined by having a molecular weight of 4,000 to 25,000 Dalton; having a weight percentage of alkylene oxide comprising the polymer between 60% and 99%; and having a melting temperature of 25 °C to 85 °C.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said anionic surfactant or surfactants comprises 5% to 20% of the composition
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein said amphoteric surfactant comprises 3% to 10% of the composition.
4. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein weight ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic surfactants is between 1:1.1 to 1:7.
5. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein alkylene oxide comprises 85% to 97% by wt . of said hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol.
6. A composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein MW of said hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol is between 4,000 to 15,000 Dalton.
7. A method of enhancing mildness of a liquid detergent composition comprising a surfactant system comprising 3% to 30% by wt . anionic or mixture of anionics which method comprises adding 5 to 25% by wt . of an hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to said composition;
wherein the ratio of hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol to anionic or anionics is 1:1.1 to 1:10;
wherein the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol is defined by having the percentage of alkylene oxide comprising the hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycol between 60% and 99%; and as having a molecular weight of 4,000 to 25,000 Dalton.
PCT/EP1997/001147 1996-04-24 1997-03-06 Liquid compositions comprising hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols as mildness actives WO1997040125A1 (en)

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AU20249/97A AU725259B2 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-03-06 Liquid compositions comprising hydrophobically modified polyalkylene glycols as mildness actives
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DE69713324T DE69713324T2 (en) 1996-04-24 1997-03-06 LIQUID COMPOSITIONS WITH HYDROPHOBICALLY MODIFIED POLYALKYLENE EGLYCOLES AS GENTLE SUBSTANCES

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