WO1997015868A1 - Film composite for electrostatic recording - Google Patents
Film composite for electrostatic recording Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997015868A1 WO1997015868A1 PCT/US1996/005828 US9605828W WO9715868A1 WO 1997015868 A1 WO1997015868 A1 WO 1997015868A1 US 9605828 W US9605828 W US 9605828W WO 9715868 A1 WO9715868 A1 WO 9715868A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ofthe
- particles
- conductive
- conductive layer
- film
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/14—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a particulate layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/0202—Dielectric layers for electrography
- G03G5/0217—Inorganic components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
- G03G5/104—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers comprising inorganic material other than metals, e.g. salts, oxides, carbon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
- G03G7/0013—Inorganic components thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0053—Intermediate layers for image-receiving members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0086—Back layers for image-receiving members; Strippable backsheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/204—Di-electric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
- Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer
- Y10T428/24876—Intermediate layer contains particulate material [e.g., pigment, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- This invention relates to films that are capable of receiving images directly deposited by electrostatic or electrographic processes and methods for preparing such films.
- electrostatic or “electrographic” are used generally interchangeably for recording processes in which a recording head is utilized to impose an electrostatic pattern upon a recording medium, and in which a toner material is subsequently attracted to, and affixed to the electrostatic pattern.
- Processes of this type are employed for preparing engineering graphics, artwork for advertisements, displays and the like.
- a recording head which includes a linear array of a plurality of separately chargeable electrodes, generally referred to as "nibs", is scanned across a recording medium, and the nibs are selectively energized to impose an electrostatic pattern upon the medium.
- the charged medium is contacted with a toner, which typically comprises a liquid containing a pigment or dye thereon. Excess toner is removed from the medium, leaving toner only in the charged areas.
- the toner is subsequently dried or otherwise fixed to produce a permanent image.
- the process can be utilized for single color or full color graphics and can be completed in a single pass across the medium or in multiple passes across the medium.
- the recording medium is an important component ofthe electrostatic imaging system.
- the medium must be able to accept, retain, and discharge the electrostatic pattern.
- the medium must also be compatible with the toner system employed as well as the particular imaging hardware, such as a single or multiple pass electrostatic printer.
- Electrostatic printing of media conventionally requires the printing of electrostatic images on a dielectric paper construction followed by transfer of that image to polymer films
- the dielectric paper construction typically comprises a paper or paper-like substrate, a conductive layer coated on a major surface ofthe substrate, a dielectric layer coated over the conductive layer, and a release layer coated above, beneath, or with the dielectric layer to assure that the image received above the dielectric layer can be transferred to the final substrate upon application of heat and pressure
- a commercially available example of this transfer process and the products to accomplish that process is the Scotchpri ⁇ tTM Electronic Graphics System available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company of St Paul, Minnesota
- Japanese Kokai Publication No 3-69960 discloses a electrostatic image recording adhesive sheet that can print electrostatic images directly But this publication does not disclose the composition of conductive coatings and dielectric coatings sufficiently to achieve a commercial product capable of assured reproducibility In addition, it teaches that emulsion coatings should be employed for polyvinyl chloride films, which tend to swell when brought into contact with organic solvents
- the art needs a process that can avoid the necessity of printing an image on a temporary substrate and then transferring that image to a permanent substrate
- the art also needs a direct print film that can be used to produce lasting, durable images on a permanent, durable substrate
- the art also needs a direct print film that can be prepared without swelling the substrate but that permits the film to be conformable
- a direct print film that can be prepared without swelling the substrate but that permits the film to be conformable
- the direct print film comprises a durable, conformable, polymeric substrate having a conductive layer prepared from a coating solution comprising conductive pigment and organic solvent.
- “Durable” means the substrates useful in the present invention are capable of withstanding the wear and tear associated with signage and may be used 2 to 5 years in exterior environments.
- Conformable means the substrates in a direct print film are capable of conforming to uneven surfaces and retaining such conformation during use without significant force applied per unit area ofthe film.
- the conformable substrate can be adhered with hand pressure and conform to a surface having periodic or compound irregularities, such as a rivet or welded ridge on the exterior metallic surface of a tractor trailer, without the substrate lifting from the surface.
- a conformable substrate in a direct print film exhibits a yield point and/or permanent strain when subjected to a maximum tensile stress of about 3.5 X 10 7 N/m 2 (5000 lbs /square inch) at room temperature according to ASTM D638-94b (1994), when the caliper used for the test includes the total cross- sectional thickness ofthe substrate, the thickness ofthe adhesive, and the thicknesses ofthe conductive layer and dielectric layer.
- the direct print film comprises a vinyl-containing polymeric substrate having a conductive layer coated thereon from organic solvent, wherein the conductive layer comprises a carboxylated acrylic binder and a conductive pigment comprising antimony and tin oxide.
- the direct print film comprises a durable, conformable, polymeric substrate having on a major surface a conductive layer coated thereon from an organic solvent, and a dielectric layer coated on the conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer comprises a conductive pigment comprising intimately mixed antimony and tin oxide.
- the conductive pigment in the conductive layer has a bulk powder resistivity ranging from about 2 to about 15 Ohm-cm.
- “Bulk powder resistivity” means electrical resistivity ofthe bulk powder used in the conductive pigment according to the following test described by E I DuPont, one ofthe commercial suppliers of conductive pigments As described in Capano et al , "The Application of ZELEC ECP in Static Dissipative Systems” (Du Pont Chemicals, Deepwater, New Jersey September 1992), a cylindrical cell, with electrodes at the top and bottom is used to make bulk powder resistivity measurements A weighed amount of powder is placed into the cell and then pressed with a laboratory press into a pellet The resistance between the two electrodes is then measured as a function ofthe pressure applied and the thickness of powder pellet
- the bulk powder resistivities of Du Pont conductive pigments commonly range from about 2 Ohm-cm to about 20 Ohm-cm according to this test Another supplier of conductive pigments, Goldschmidt A G of Essen, Germany, identifies bulk powder resist
- Another feature ofthe invention is ease of construction of a direct print film
- Another advantage ofthe present invention is the ability to provide for electrostatic direct printing a film that has a surface resistance in its conductive layer of about 2 x 10 5 to about 3 x 10° Ohms/0 and that has a surface resistance in its dielectric layer of greater than about 1 x 10 8 Ohms/G This difference in surface resistance results in clear, crisp images generated by the electrostatic printer
- “Surface Resistance” is the measure of D-C resistance of moderately conductive materials according to ASTM Test Designations D 4496-87 and D 257-93 and is important to films ofthe present invention to characterize electrical performance ofthe conductive layer ofthe present invention, which layer functions as the ground plane ofthe capacitor, that is being formed by the direct print film ofthe present invention during electrostatic printing
- Another advantage ofthe present invention is the ability to provide a direct print film that when imaged can provide an average color density of from about 1 2 to about 1 5 optical density units using a reflection densitometer "Color Density" is the measure ofthe intensity ofthe individual primary colors produced by the electrostatic printer on the recording medium to form the latent image and is important to films o the present invention because color density has a major impact upon the perceived aesthetics o the image on the recording medium produced electrostatically
- Another advantage ofthe present invention is that the direct print film ofthe present invention provides a durable image Embodiments ofthe invention are described in relation to the following drawings.
- Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view ofthe film ofthe present invention.
- a typical construction of a film ofthe present invention 10 comprises a substrate film 12 having on a major surface thereof, a conductive layer 14 and a dielectric layer 16. On the opposite major surface of film substrate 12 resides optional pressure sensitive adhesive 18 protected by a release liner 20.
- Substrates are preferably a durable material that resists any swelling or other loss of continuity when coated with the conductive layer and also resists deleterious effects of exterior signing environments including large ambient temperature ranges -60°C to + 107°C, direct exposure to sun and is also conformable for fixing to exterior surfaces wherein it may be adhered over surfaces with some compound curvature or non uniformity, e.g. walls or surfaces with screw heads or rivets slightly proud ofthe surface without easily ripping the material or "tenting".
- the substrate need not be limited to these durable, conformable substrates. A less durable plastic is useful for interior signing applications.
- Substrates can be clear, translucent, or opaque depending on the application ofthe invention Opaque substrates are useful for viewing an image from the image side ofthe printed sheet in lighting conditions such as artificial lighting or sunlight. Translucent substrates are particularly useful for backlit usages, for example, a luminous sign. Substrates useful in the practice ofthe present invention are commercially available and many are designed to be exterior durable, which is preferred.
- Nonlimiting examples of such substrates include ScotchcalTM Marking Films and ScotchcalTM Series 9000 Short-Term Removable (STR) Film available from 3M Company, AveryTM GLTM Series Long Life Films, AveryTM XLTM Series Long Life Films, AveryTM SXTM Series Long Life Films, suitable films from the FasCalTM or FasFlexTM range of films or any other suitable marking, graphic or promotional films available from Fasson, Avery or Meyercord.
- STR Short-Term Removable
- Useful substrates can have a variety of surface finishes such a matte finish as provided with ScotchcalTM Series 9000 Short-Term Removable (STR) Film or glossy finish as provided with ScotchcalTM 3650 Marking Film.
- Plastic films can be extruded, calendared or cast different plastic materials may be used, such as those exemplified by the ScotchcalTM plasticized poly( vinyl chloride) or Surlyn, an ionomer Any suitable plastic material can be employed.
- Nonlimiting examples include polyester materials exemplified by MylarTM available from E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company, MelinexTM available from Imperial Chemicals, Inc., and CelanarTM available from Celanese Co ⁇ oration.
- Preferred materials for substrates can include those that are plasticized ⁇ oly(vinyl chloride)s or ionomers although the invention is not limited to these Preferred materials are white opaque or translucent materials but transparent materials and colored opaque, translucent or transparent materials could be useful in special applications.
- Typical thicknesses ofthe substrate are in the range of 0.05 to 0.75 mm. However, the thickness can be outside this range and almost any thickness can be useful provided the film resists tearing or splitting during the printing and application process. Given all considerations, any thickness is useful provided the substrate is not too thick to feed into an electrostatic printer of choice.
- a conductive coating layer 14 is provided from an organic solvent-based conductive coating solution on the upper major surface of film substrate 12.
- the organic solvent-based conductive coating solution does not swell conformable substrates used in the present invention.
- conductive coating solutions employing organic solvents are used to assure that the conductive layer has good ply adhesion with the conformable substrate surface.
- use of organic solvents in the conductive coating solutions permit the conformable substrate to avoid any priming of its upper major surface to receive the conductive layer. Better wettability can be achieved on an unprimed substrate, to avoid foaming caused by aqueous based coating solutions.
- the conductive coating layer can be electronically conductive or ionically conductive.
- Electronically conductive layers employ a plurality of particles of a transparent, electrically conductive material such as antimony doped tin oxide or the like, disposed in a polymeric matrix.
- Attributes of conductive layer 14 include adhesion to film substrate 12, deposition using a suitable solvent system, and moisture insensitivity after the layer 14 is dried on substrate 12.
- conductive layer 14 is prepared from a solution of a conductive formulation that generally comprises a binder, conductive pigments, dispersant, and organic-based solvent, the latter of which is removed during the manufacturing process.
- the weight percent of solids to organic solvent in the conductive formulation can range from about 10 to about 40, with about 25 weight percent being presently preferred for ease of application to film substrate 12.
- the thickness or caliper ofthe conductive layer 14 can range from about 2 to about 5 ⁇ m with about 3 ⁇ m being presently preferred.
- the conductive layer 14 should have a surface resistance ranging from about 0.2 to about 3 megaohms per square. This level of surface resistance provides the proper level of conductivity to form the ground plane for the direct print film ofthe present invention.
- binders include acrylics, polyester, and vinyl binders.
- acrylic binders carboxylated acrylate binders and hydroxylated acrylate binders are useful for the present invention, such as those commercially available from Allied Colloids of Suffolk, VA such as "Surcol SP2" carboxylated acrylate binder and "Surcol SP5 hydroxylated acrylate binder.
- polyesters materials which can be employed as binders are materials sold by Goodyear of Akron, Ohio under the brand "Vitel", of which grades PE222 and PE200 are particularly suitable for use in the present invention.
- vinyl resins such as "UCAR” "VAGD” brand resins from Union Carbide of Danbury, Connecticut can also be useful.
- Conductive pigments can include antimony-containing tin oxide pigments or other pigments such as indium doped tin oxide, cadmium stannate, zinc oxides, and the like.
- Non-limiting examples of antimony-containing tin oxide conductive pigments include those pigments disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,192,613 (Work, III et al ); U.S. Pat No. 4,431,764 (Yoshizumi); U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,137 (Ruf); U.S. Pat. No. 5,269,970 (Ruf et al ); and in product literature for "Tego S” pigments commercially available from Goldschmidt AG of Essen, Federal Republic of Germany and "Zelec” pigments commercially available from DuPont of Wilmington, Delaware When the Goldschmidt Tego S conductive pigment is employed, its particle size should be reduced by a milling process.
- Particle size ofthe conductive pigments in the conductive layer 14 can range from about 0.02 to about 10 ⁇ m. Below about 0.02 ⁇ m particle size, the conductive pigment is too easily imbibed with solvent action, whereas at greater than lO ⁇ m, the coating of dielectric layer 16 on the conductive layer 14 limits protrusion ofthe conductive pigment particles into the dielectric layer 16.
- the average particle size can range from about 0.5 ⁇ m to about 4 ⁇ m, with particles of about 1 ⁇ m being most preferred.
- the bulk powder resistivity can range from about 2 to about 15 Ohm-cm with about 2 to about 10 Ohm-cm being preferred and about 6 to about 7 Ohm-cm being presently preferred. With the DuPont pigments, the bulk powder resistivity can be about 2-5 Ohm-cm for "Zelec 3410-T” pigments and 4-15 Ohm- cm for "Zelec 2610-S" found acceptable for the present invention.
- the bulk powder resisitivity has been found to be important in controlling the final appearance ofthe image on the direct print film because materials that are too resistive require the use of a larger amount of conductive pigment can cause an objectionable amount of background color in the final image.
- the "Tego S” particles are identified to have a specific resistance of 10, which is believed to compute to about bulk powder resistivity of about 10.
- the present invention preferably uses antimony-containing pigments which have antimony intimately mixed with tin oxide, that is, present in the form of an antimony and tin oxide coating on silicon containing particles (believed to be typified by the DuPont materials and disclosed in the Work III, et al. patent identified above) or in the form of antimony doped through a lattice of tin oxide particles (believed to be typified by the Tego materials and disclosed in the Ruf and Ruf et al. patents identified above), as compared with antimony - tin oxide reacted materials (believed to be typified by the Mitsubishi materials described in Yoshizumi patent identified above).
- antimony-containing pigments which have antimony intimately mixed with tin oxide, that is, present in the form of an antimony and tin oxide coating on silicon containing particles (believed to be typified by the DuPont materials and disclosed in the Work III, et al. patent identified above) or in the form of antimony doped through a lat
- a variety of surfactant materials can be employed as dispersants for the conductive layer 14 in the present invention, including nonionic and anionic dispersants.
- anionic dispersants are most preferred, although the invention is not limited thereto.
- One particularly preferred anionic dispersant is a material branded "Lactimon” dispersant from BYK-Chemie USA Co ⁇ oration of Wallingford, Connecticut Also commercially available from BYK-Chemie USA Co ⁇ oration is a nonionic dispersant is branded "Anti Terra U" dispersant
- Non-limiting examples of solvents for the conductive formulation include ethyl acetate and ethanol
- Formulations ofthe conductive layer 14 require a weight ratio from about 5 1 to about 1 1 of pigment binder with a preference of a weight ratio of 3.1 pigment binder
- the weight ratio can range from about 3 0 1 to about 4 7 1 pigment binder
- the weight ratio can range from about 1.1 to about 4 1 pigment binder
- Dielectric layer 16 can be coated on conductive layer 14 to provide the electrostatic capacitance required for electrostatic imaging
- the dielectric layer 16 is of relatively high electrical resistivity and contributes to the performance of film 10 for direct printing of images electrostatically In addition to providing the interface of film 10 with the recording head and toner, dielectric layer 16 covers and protects conductive layer 14 and provides the top surface for film 10
- Dielectric layer 16 is constructed to minimize imaging defects Some ofthe noted defects include image flare, which results from unwanted electrostatic discharge within the recording medium, image drop out, which occurs when a portion ofthe image is not printed onto the medium, and shorting between nibs on the imaging head because the head is not kept sufficiently clean by a dielectric layer of passing recording medium past the nibs over time Dielectric layer 16 is coated on layer 14 from a dielectric formulation that comprises particulate matter of both spacer particles and abrasive particles, preferably in particular ratios dispersed in a binder.
- Both the spacer particles and the abrasive particles should be selected with consideration to the refractive index thereof, so as to provide index matching to the remainder of dielectric layer 16 and film 10. In this manner, film 10 has a uniform appearance. This is especially so when transparent products are desired. In the case of opaque products, a uniform appearance would not be critical.
- the spacer particles can be fabricated from a material having sufficient rigidity to withstand coating and handling, but need not be highly abrasive.
- Nonlimiting examples of materials useful as spacer particles include relatively soft materials such as a polymer or a mineral such calcium carbonate or relatively hard materials such as silica or glass, provided that such relatively hard materials have a relatively rounded configuration. More particularly, useful spacer particles can be made from synthetic silicas, glass micro beads, natural minerals (e.g., calcium carbonate), polymeric materials such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, fluorocarbons or the like.
- spacer particles typically have an average size ranging from about 1 to about 15 ⁇ m, and preferably below about 10 ⁇ m. In general, spacer particles will be present in a distribution of sizes, although it is most preferred that the particles remain in a size range of about 3-10 ⁇ m.
- spacer particle materials comprise amo ⁇ hous silica, of which is most preferred the synthetic, amo ⁇ hous silicas sold by the W.R. Grace Co ⁇ oration under the brand "Syloid 74". These materials havean average particle size of approximately 3.5-7.5 ⁇ m as measured on a Coulter apparatus and an average particle size of 6-10 ⁇ m as measured on a Malvern analyzer.
- One specific member of this group of materials comprises "Syloid 74 X-Regular" particles which have an average particle size of 6.0 as measured on a Coulter apparatus.
- Abrasive particles useful for dielectric layer 16 ofthe present invention are provided to assure that the performance of spacer particles and abrasive are effectively decoupled so as to provide an optimized dielectric medium
- the abrasive particles will generally be harder than the spacer particle material chosen and will usually have a more irregular configuration or texture than the spacer particle material
- the preferred abrasive materials are silica materials such as microcrystalline silica and other mined or processed silicas, as well as other abrasives such as carbides and the like
- the abrasive particles generally have the same size range as the spacer particles, typically in the range of about 1 to about 15 ⁇ m and preferably less than 10 ⁇ m
- abrasive materials comprises mined, microcrystalline silica sold under the brand "Imsil” by Unimin Specialty Minerals, Ine of Elko, Illinois These materials comprise 98 9% silica with minor amounts of metal oxides
- One grade having particular utility comprises "Imsil A- 10" which has a median particle size of 2.2 ⁇ m, and range of particle sizes such that 99% ofthe particles have a size less than lO ⁇ m and 76% ofthe particles have a size of less than 5 ⁇ m
- the proportion of spacer particles to abrasive particles are such that the spacer particles are present in a larger amount
- the ratios of spacer to abrasive particles fall within the range of about 1 5 1 to about 5 1
- the ratio of spacer to abrasive particles is approximately 3 1
- the spacer particles and abrasive particles are disposed is a binder which generally comprises a polymeric resin
- the resin should be of fairly high electrical resistivity, and should be compatible with both types of particles and the toner
- the resin should have sufficient durability and flexibility to permit it to function in the electrostatic imaging process and should be stable in ambient atmospheric conditions
- a coating mixture to prepare dielectric layer 16 can employ solvents such toluene into which the binder, spacer particles, and abrasive particles can be added as solids.
- the range of total solids in the coating mixture can be from 10 to about 35 and preferably about 15 to 25 weight percent ofthe total coating mixture.
- the binder solids can comprise from about 93 to about 78 and preferably 82 weight percent.
- the particles solids (preferably in a 3 1 spacer:abrasive mixture) can comprise from about 7 to about 22 and preferably 18 weight percent.
- the particle solids for the coating mixture can be blended by ball milling for approximately two hours at room temperature. Under these conditions, there is no significant reduction in particle mo ⁇ hology, and the ball milling process only serves to mix and disperse the particles. Other processes could be employed. Surface roughness is desired to provide topography for deposition of toner particles is based on a Sheffield method measurement described in TAPPI Test T 538 om-88 published by the Technical Association ofthe Pulp and Paper Industry of Atlanta, Georgia.
- the dielectric layer 16 can have a surface roughness ranging from about 50 to about 200 Sheffield units and preferably from about 80 to about 180 with 140 being presently preferred.
- Any conventional pressure sensitive adhesive used for the construction of image graphic films can be used with the films 10 ofthe present invention.
- the field 18 ofthe pressure sensitive adhesive can be coated on film substrate 12 prior to, or contemporaneous with, construction ofthe film 10 ofthe present invention.
- Non-limiting examples of pressure sensitive adhesives useful with the present invention include those adhesives described in U.S. Pat. Nos. Re. 24,906 (Ulrich); 2,973,826; Re. 33,353; 3,389,827;4,1 12,213; 4,310,509; 4,323,557; 4,732,808; 4,917,929; 5, 141,790 (Calhoun et al ); 5,229,207 (Paquette et al ); and 5,296,277 (Wilson et al.) and European Publication 0 051 935.
- a presently preferred adhesive is an acrylate copolymer pressure sensitive adhesive formed from a 90/10 weight percent monomer ratio of 2-methylbutyl acrylate/acrylic acid in a 65/35 heptane/acetone solvent system (39-41% solids) and having an inherent viscosity of about 0.7-0.85 dl g.
- a line of commercially available film substrate with an optional pressure sensitive adhesive of those described above is ScotchcalTM Marking Films, especially ScotchcalTM 3650 Marking Films.
- ScotchcalTM Marking Films especially ScotchcalTM 3650 Marking Films.
- Thickness of adhesive 18 can range from about 0.012 mm to about 1 mm with a thickness of about 0.025 mm (1 mil) being preferred.
- Liner 20 can be constructed from any conventional release liner known to those skilled in the art for image graphic media.
- Non-limiting examples include PolyslikTM release liners commercially available from Rexam Release of Oak Brook, Illinois and polyester liners such as a 0.096 mm polyethylene terephthalate film with a matte backside coating on one major surface and on the other major surface, a vanadium oxide/surfactant/sulfopolyester antistatic primer coating and a condensation cure silicone exterior coating.
- polyester liners such as a 0.096 mm polyethylene terephthalate film with a matte backside coating on one major surface and on the other major surface, a vanadium oxide/surfactant/sulfopolyester antistatic primer coating and a condensation cure silicone exterior coating.
- a pair of electroconductive ground stripes 22 and 24 can be provided in order to aid in the prevention of "leading edge fog” by providing an avenue for residual charge to be eliminated from the ground plane.
- These stripes 22 and 24 ranging from about 0.76 to about 2.54 mm wide are applied to dielectric layer 16 at opposing lateral edges of film 10.
- Stripes 22 and 24 can be made from a conductive ink sold under the brand "Multifilm, Conductive Black Ink 9093E20F from Raffi and Swanson of Wilmington, Massachusetts and are configured to permeate dielectric layer 16 at such lateral edges of film in order to provide an electrical ground to the conductive layer 12
- a film 10 ofthe present invention can have in sequential order, a release liner 20 comprising from about 0 07 to about 0 15 mm (about 3 to about 6 mils) thickness, a field of pressure sensitive adhesive 18 comprising about 0 03 mm (about 1 mil) thickness, a film substrate 12 comprising from about 0.05 to about 0 10 mm (about 2 to about 4 mils) thickness, a conductive coating layer 14 comprising from about 1 to about 5 micrometers (0 04-0 2 mils), a dielectric layer 16 comprising from about 2 to about 4 micrometers (0 08-0 16 mils) thickness, and a pair of electroconductive ground stripes 22 and 24 at lateral edges of film 10 that permeate layer 16 to layer 14
- a preferred method of constructing films ofthe present invention comprises a modular construction, but can comprise a sequential construction In the sequential construction, beginning with release liner 20, each ofthe layers 18, 16, 14 and 12 are built on top of release liner 20
- the method ofthe present invention employs a modular construction wherein the first step is the casting of a film organosol onto a temporary release liner, followed by fusing the organosol to form a substrate 12 according to techniques known to those skilled in the art
- the field of pressure sensitive adhesive 18 is cast on release liner 20 according to techniques to those skilled in the art
- the module of film substrate 12 on the temporary liner is joined with the module of field of pressure sensitive adhesive 18 on liner 18 and the temporary liner is discarded
- Conductive layer 14 can be coated on film substrate 12 using any technique known to those skilled in the art, preferably a wire bar coating technique as known to those skilled in the art
- the # wire bar of from about 6 to about 40 is used to achieve the 1-5 micrometer thickness described as suitable for layer 14, with a #10 wire bar being useful for DuPont conductive particles and a #12 to #40 wire bar being useful for Tego conductive particles.
- the wire bar coating process step can operate at a line speed ranging from about 9 meters per minute to about 19 meters per minute and preferably about 12 meters per minute (40 feet per minute)
- Dielectric layer 16 is coated on conductive layer 14 according to coating techniques known to those skilled in the art, preferably a reverse gravure coating ofthe dielectric layer 16 onto conductive layer 14
- the total solids are preferably about 16 weight percent
- the total solids are preferably about 25 weight percent
- the ruling mill cylinder having a theoretical "lay down" factor of about 0.031 mm to about 0 078 mm is used to achieve the 1 5-5 micrometer thickness described as suitable for layer 16 with 3 micrometer thickness being preferred
- the reverse gravure coating process step can operate at a line speed ranging from about 1 5 to about 62 meters per minute, and preferably about 15 meters per minute
- the reverse gravure can operate at a roll ratio ranging from about 0 5 to about 1 5, and preferably about 1.0
- Such stripes can be applied to lateral edges of film 10 using techniques known to those skilled in the art, preferably an offset gravure or flexographic coating of stripes 22 and 24 Stripes 22 and 24 permeate layer 16 at such lateral edges to create a ground path from stripes 22 and 24 to layer 14
- the offset gravure or flexographic coating process step can operate at a line speed ranging from about 12 meter per minute to about 31 meters per minute, and preferably about 15 meters per minute (50 feet per minute)
- film 10 can be protected with overlaminate films
- overlaminate films suitable for use with films 10 ofthe present invention include ScotchprintTM Nos 8910 and 8912 films commercially available from the Commercial Graphics Division of 3M Company. Usefulness ofthe Invention
- a conformable substrate in a direct print film exhibits a yield point and/or permanent strain when subjected to a maximum tensile stress of about 3 5 X 10 7 N/m 2 (2000 lbs /square inch) at room temperature according to ASTM D638-94b (1994), when the caliper used for the test includes the total cross-sectional thickness ofthe substrate, the thickness ofthe adhesive, and the thicknesses ofthe conductive layer and dielectric layer More preferably, the maximum tensile stress limit is about 1 4
- Films 10 of the present invention can provide a Base Color Shift as evaluated using a Hunter Colorspace measuring colorimeter of from about -2 to about -7 Darkness/Lightness Units as compared to ScotchcalTM 3650 Marking Film commercially available from 3M Company. This color shift is intended to show how little difference in relative whiteness the films 10 ofthe present invention differ from a commercially available marking film that is useful in the heat/pressure lamination step ofthe Wang et al. or Chou et al. processes. Films 10 ofthe present invention can provide a 60° Gloss from about
- 60° Gloss can be measured as described in ASTM D2457-90 (1990).
- Color Density "Reflective Optical Density on a Status T Method" " under the requirements of ANSI/ISO 5/3-1984, ANSI PH2. 18-1985 published by the Graphic Communications Association of Arlington, Virginia.
- the coating mixtures for the conductive layer is prepared for all of the examples according to details below and identified in Table 1, subject to the following common techniques employed.
- Example 1 was prepared by mixing 85 parts ethanol, 35 parts ethyl acetate, 45 parts of Surcol SP-2 binder at 50% total solids until a clear solution was achieved. Then with good agitation, 14 parts of Zelec ECP 2601 -S particles (silicon dioxide core with antimony doped tin oxide coating) was slowly added, followed by stirring for more than one hour. Then the solution was transferred to a
- Example 2 was prepared as Example 1, except that after stirring, 4.5 parts of Cymel 301 modified melamine-formaldehyde resin (Cytec Industries, Inc. of West Paterson, New Jersey) was added just prior to coating on the substrate.
- Example 3 was prepared as Example 1 , except that the pigment was
- Zelec ECP 3610-S particles silicon dioxide core with antimony doped tin oxide coating .
- Example 4 was prepared by mixing 200.5 parts ethanol, 89.0 parts ethyl acetate, 48.0 parts of Surcol SP-2 binder and 9.0 parts Lactimon dispersant
- Example 5 was prepared by mixing 164 parts ethanol, 100 parts ethyl acetate, 44 parts of Surcol SP-2 binder and 12 parts Lactimon dispersant (Byk Chemie of Wallingford, Connecticut) until a clear solution was achieved Then with good agitation, 104 parts of Esprit "Tego Conduct 'S-10'” particles (Goldschmidt) (antimony doped tin oxide particles) was slowly added, followed by stirring for more than thirty minutes Then the solution was transferred to a ball mill fitted with smooth stone grinding media and ball milled for 12 hours.
- Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as Example 5, except that a second commercial formulation Tego S-10 (now renamed as Tego S by the vendor) was used
- Comparative Example A was prepared by mixing 62 parts ethanol, 25 parts ethyl acetate, 25 parts of Surcol SP-2 binder, and 1 5 parts Lactomin dispersant until a clear solution was achieved. Then with good agitation, 37 parts of Zelec ECP 3010 XC particles (tin oxide particles with an antimony coating) was slowly added, followed by ball milling for more than 12 hours to prepare a coating solution Then 100 parts of this coating was combined with 60 parts ethanol and 40 parts ethyl acetate to yield a final coating solution Then this coating solution was placed in a Kady mill for 20 minutes Then the coating solution was applied to unprimed polyvinyl chloride substrate Coating was at about 800 m hr with oven drying at 93 to 132 °C for 1 minute
- Comparative Example B was prepared by mixing 20 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, 20 parts toluene, 12 parts "UCAR VAGD” vinyl resin binder (Union Carbide) until a clear solution was obtained Then 108 parts of butyl acetate and 4 parts of Lactimon dispersant were added Then with good agitation, 40 parts of Zelec ECP-3410-T particles was slowly added and stirred for 30 minutes Then the coating was transferred to a Kady mill for 30 additional minutes Then the coating solution was applied to unprimed polyvinyl chloride substrate Coating was at about 800 m hr with oven drying at 93 to 132 °C for 1 minute Comparative Example C was prepared by mixing 27.45 parts ethanol, 1 1.25 parts ethyl acetate, 10.70 parts of Surcol SP-2 binder and 1.35 parts Lactimon dispersant until a clear solution was achieved.
- Esprit "Tego Conduct 'S'” particles Goldschmidt
- antimony doped tin oxide particles 25 parts of Esprit "Tego Conduct 'S'” particles (Goldschmidt) (antimony doped tin oxide particles) was slowly added, followed by stirring for more than thirty minutes. Then the solution was transferred to a ball mill fitted with smooth stone grinding media and ball milled for 60 hours. Then that solution was diluted with a 50/50 ethyl acetate/ethanol solvent The coating solution was applied to unprimed polyvinyl chloride substrate. Coating was at about 800 m/hr. with oven drying at 93 to 132 °C for 1 minute.
- the coating mixture for the dielectric layer is prepared for all examples according to the following method.
- a concentrate of coating material for the fabrication of dielectric layer was prepared using a 3 : 1 blend of spacer to abrasive particles disposed in an acrylic copolymer matrix.
- the spacer particles comprised the "Syloid 74 X- Regular" amorphous silica material described above.
- the abrasive particles comprised the "Imsil A- 10" mined microcrystalline silica described above.
- the resin comprised the "Desograph-E342-R" acrylic copolymer resin described above.
- the mixture was 34.4 weight percent solids in toluene.
- the solids component comprised 67 weight percent binder resin and 33 weight percent particles solids (in the 3: 1 ratio described above) The particle solids were blended by ball milling for approximately two hours at room temperature.
- the particle solids were then mixed with binder resin to produce a stock solution of one part of particle solids and one part of a toluene based solution ofthe resin having 57 weight percent solids.
- the stock solution was prepared by blending the foregoing together at room temperature and the resultant solution comprised 45.8 weight percent total solids in toluene.
- a second stock solution was made. None ofthe examples used this stock solution, but it has proved to be useful in further experimentation.
- the particle solids were mixed with binder resin to produce a stock solution of two parts of particle solids and one part of a toluene based solution ofthe resin having 57 weight percent solids. The blending occurred at room temperature, and the resultant solution comprised 41.9 weight percent total solids in toluene.
- the stock solution was diluted with a 50:50 blend, by volume, of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone in an amount sufficient to reduce the solids contents thereof to approximately 16.7 weight percent (i.e., 14.6 weight percent polymer and 2.1 weight percent particles).
- the resultant solution had a viscosity below 10 centipoise.
- the stock solution was diluted so that the resultant solution had a solids content of 25 weight percent (i.e., 20 weight percent polymer and 5 weight percent particles)
- Table 1 shows the construction of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples A-C for a variety of conductive layers 14 and a variety of dielectric layers 16 on ScotchcalTM 3650 Marking Films.
- Conductive layers 14 were coated using a wire bar as noted.
- Dielectric layers 16 were coated using a reverse gravure process using a ruling mill cylinder having a theoretical "wet laydown" of 0.07 mm of a 25 % solids solution to achieve a wet coating thickness of about 3 ⁇ m, or a wire rod process as noted.
- Table 2 shows the key properties of films 10 for each ofthe
- Examples and Comparative Examples such as Surface Resistance of both conductive layers 14 and dielectric layers 16, Color Shift, Color Density, and Sheffield surface roughness
- Table 2 shows a qualitative explanation ofthe ply adhesion and imaging quality of films 10.
- Ply adhesion refers to the adhesion of the conductive layer to the conformable substrate. Imaging was tested using ScotchprintTM brand Electronic Graphics System toners and a four-color, single pass electrostatic printer branded as a 9512 printer commercially available from Nippon Steel Co ⁇ oration of Tokyo, Japan.
- Example 6 presents the preferred direct print film ofthe present invention in part because of strength of ply adhesion ofthe conductive layer to the conformable substrate. Examples 1-5 are also acceptable for direct print films because of acceptable to very good imaging.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002234673A CA2234673A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Direct print film and method for preparing same |
KR1019980702981A KR19990067044A (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Film composite for electrostatic recording |
JP9516577A JPH11513818A (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Film composite for electrostatic recording |
EP96913183A EP0857321A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Film composite for electrostatic recording |
AU55775/96A AU706152B2 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Film composite for electrostatic recording |
BR9611242A BR9611242A (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Direct printing film |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US706495P | 1995-10-25 | 1995-10-25 | |
US60/007,064 | 1995-10-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997015868A1 true WO1997015868A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
Family
ID=21724014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/005828 WO1997015868A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1996-04-26 | Film composite for electrostatic recording |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5736228A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0857321A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11513818A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19990067044A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1200182A (en) |
AU (1) | AU706152B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9611242A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2234673A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997015868A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999050347A1 (en) * | 1998-03-28 | 1999-10-07 | Safeglass (Europe) Limited | Safety glass |
WO2005026256A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Safeglass (Europe) Limited | Glass like material with improved safety characteristics |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6153289A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 2000-11-28 | Murray; Nicholas J. | Laminates |
JPH0959553A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-04 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Transparent electroconductive ink |
CA2256572C (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2008-08-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Display unit and methods of displaying an image |
US5965243A (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1999-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrostatic receptors having release layers with texture and means for providing such receptors |
US6224975B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-05-01 | Arkwright, Incorporated | Pressure sensitive adhesive tape article with an anti-static coating |
WO2000043840A1 (en) * | 1999-01-19 | 2000-07-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Toners for producing a multicolour electrostatic image of high print density on x-y-plane-conductive dielectric recording media |
US6673419B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2004-01-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Marking film and composite marking film |
US6509128B1 (en) | 2000-10-25 | 2003-01-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Imagewise printing of adhesives and limited coalescence polymerization method |
AU2003213689A1 (en) * | 2002-03-05 | 2003-09-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Marking film, receptor sheet and marking film for vehicles |
JP2004245868A (en) | 2003-02-10 | 2004-09-02 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | Marking film, receptor film, and marking film for window |
JP2007233143A (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Sony Corp | Hologram recording medium |
CN105881924B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2019-03-12 | 江苏光辉包装材料有限公司 | A kind of flat membrane method polyester thermal contraction film rapid shaping preparation method |
CA3088963A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | Pressing Developments, L.L.C. | Stainable laminate products, compositions, and methods of manufacture |
CN113602021B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-04-21 | 宁波卓越印务有限公司 | Printing film and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6218564A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-27 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording film |
EP0439161A2 (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-07-31 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrographic recording element with reduced humidity sensitivity |
EP0454233A1 (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-10-30 | Arkwright Inc. | A film composite for electrostatic recording |
US5182159A (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1993-01-26 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic recording material |
WO1994025262A1 (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-10 | Rexham Graphics Inc. | High performance composite and conductive ground plane for electrostatic recording of information |
Family Cites Families (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2973826A (en) * | 1957-12-10 | 1961-03-07 | John S Barnhart | Retractable step structure for vehicles |
US4112213A (en) * | 1964-09-28 | 1978-09-05 | Johnson & Johnson | Pressure sensitive adhesive tapes and method of making same |
US3389827A (en) * | 1967-04-10 | 1968-06-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Easy-open container and sealing tape |
US3634135A (en) * | 1968-07-09 | 1972-01-11 | Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording sheet and process for making the same |
GB2031757B (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1982-10-13 | Oji Paper Co | Electrostatic recording element |
US4310509A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1982-01-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Pressure-sensitive adhesive having a broad spectrum antimicrobial therein |
US4323557A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1982-04-06 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Pressure-sensitive adhesive containing iodine |
CA1192825A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1985-09-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Device and method for applying conformable, thin adhesive-coated films |
JPS5785866A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-05-28 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Antistatic transparent paint |
JPS60211465A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-10-23 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrostatic color recording method |
USRE33353E (en) * | 1985-01-24 | 1990-09-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Thin film surgical dressing with delivery system |
JPH0715579B2 (en) * | 1985-03-20 | 1995-02-22 | 東レ株式会社 | Electrostatic recording film |
JPS61246752A (en) * | 1985-04-25 | 1986-11-04 | Somar Corp | Electrostatic recording body |
JPS61279860A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-10 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Electrostatic recording body |
US4732808A (en) * | 1985-11-14 | 1988-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Macromer reinforced pressure sensitive skin adhesive sheet material |
JPS62144172A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1987-06-27 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording body |
JPS62163058A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-18 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
JPS62262051A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1987-11-14 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Transparent electrostatic recording body |
JPS6340158A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-02-20 | Toray Ind Inc | Electrostatic recording film |
EP0267535B1 (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1990-08-08 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. | Acicular electroconductive titanium oxide and process for producing same |
JPS63184758A (en) * | 1987-01-28 | 1988-07-30 | Toray Ind Inc | Electrostatic recording film |
DE3735574A1 (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-05-03 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | LIQUID PREPARATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE AND INFRARED-REFLECTIVE FLUOREDOTED TINNOXIDE LAYERS ON GLASS OR GLASS CERAMIC SURFACES, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIKE LAYERS USING THIS USE |
JP2604418B2 (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1997-04-30 | 王子製紙株式会社 | Electrostatic recording sheet |
EP0340968A3 (en) * | 1988-04-30 | 1992-05-06 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Thin film device and method of manufacturing the same |
US4917929A (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-04-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | One piece adhesive bandage and package unit |
JPH0369960A (en) * | 1989-08-09 | 1991-03-26 | Nippon Denshi Keisan Kk | Adhesive sheet for electrostatic image recorder |
JP2627199B2 (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1997-07-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Image forming material and image forming method using the same |
US5141790A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1992-08-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Repositionable pressure-sensitive adhesive tape |
US5262259A (en) * | 1990-01-03 | 1993-11-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Toner developed electrostatic imaging process for outdoor signs |
US5269970A (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1993-12-14 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag | Electrically conductive tin-IV-oxide and method for production thereof |
US5229207A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1993-07-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Film composite having repositionable adhesive by which it can become permanently bonded to a plasticized substrate |
JP2990794B2 (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1999-12-13 | 東レ株式会社 | Electrostatic recording film |
JPH04204455A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-24 | Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording body |
US5114520A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1992-05-19 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Image transfer apparatus and method |
JP3444919B2 (en) * | 1992-04-18 | 2003-09-08 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | Conductive pigment |
ES2096796T3 (en) * | 1992-04-25 | 1997-03-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | PIGMENT CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY. |
US5427835A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1995-06-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Sulfopolymer/vanadium oxide antistatic compositions |
US5296277A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Positionable and repositionable adhesive articles |
DE4333673A1 (en) * | 1993-10-02 | 1995-04-06 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Substrate-free, conductive pigments |
-
1995
- 1995-12-29 US US08/581,324 patent/US5736228A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-26 AU AU55775/96A patent/AU706152B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-26 BR BR9611242A patent/BR9611242A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-26 EP EP96913183A patent/EP0857321A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-26 JP JP9516577A patent/JPH11513818A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-26 KR KR1019980702981A patent/KR19990067044A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-26 WO PCT/US1996/005828 patent/WO1997015868A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-26 CN CN96197753A patent/CN1200182A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-26 CA CA002234673A patent/CA2234673A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6218564A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-01-27 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co Ltd | Electrostatic recording film |
US5182159A (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1993-01-26 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic recording material |
EP0439161A2 (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1991-07-31 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrographic recording element with reduced humidity sensitivity |
EP0454233A1 (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-10-30 | Arkwright Inc. | A film composite for electrostatic recording |
WO1994025262A1 (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-10 | Rexham Graphics Inc. | High performance composite and conductive ground plane for electrostatic recording of information |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 8709, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 87-062158, XP002010214 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999050347A1 (en) * | 1998-03-28 | 1999-10-07 | Safeglass (Europe) Limited | Safety glass |
WO2005026256A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Safeglass (Europe) Limited | Glass like material with improved safety characteristics |
GB2411898A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-09-14 | Safeglass | Glass like material with improved safety characteristics |
GB2411898B (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2008-03-26 | Safeglass | Glass like material with improved safety characteristics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH11513818A (en) | 1999-11-24 |
BR9611242A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
CA2234673A1 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
AU706152B2 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
AU5577596A (en) | 1997-05-15 |
KR19990067044A (en) | 1999-08-16 |
US5736228A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
EP0857321A1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
CN1200182A (en) | 1998-11-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5736228A (en) | Direct print film and method for preparing same | |
EP0707540B1 (en) | Hot stamping foil | |
CN100492184C (en) | Image transfer sheet for electrophotography, and image recorded medium, as well as method for manufacturing the same | |
EP1249354A1 (en) | Display unit and methods of displaying an image | |
EP2598950B1 (en) | High opacity laser printable facestock | |
JPH09509373A (en) | Figure transfer article | |
US20060263564A1 (en) | Thick, printable labels suitable for use in a thermal transfer printer | |
US5407234A (en) | Permanent xerographic toner-receptive index divider | |
AU691544B2 (en) | An electrostatic toner receptor layer of rubber modified thermoplastic | |
US9200410B2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording sheet and recorded material | |
EP1329333A1 (en) | Thermally transferable image protective sheet, method for protective layer formation, and record produced by said method | |
MXPA98003127A (en) | Composite of film for electrostat recording | |
JP3071465B2 (en) | Electrophotographic elements and processes | |
US5456970A (en) | Image-receiving labeling material for toner transfer recording | |
US5824408A (en) | White electroconductive coating composition and transfer material-carrying member | |
WO2005068726A1 (en) | Abrasion resistant marking sheet | |
EP0881543A1 (en) | Electrographic imaging element and process | |
JPH06301229A (en) | Label image-receiving body for toner transfer recording | |
JPH08110756A (en) | Plane image display body suitable for sticking to roughened surface | |
JP2018055063A (en) | Electrophotographic image receiving paper | |
WO2000043840A1 (en) | Toners for producing a multicolour electrostatic image of high print density on x-y-plane-conductive dielectric recording media | |
AU5010401A (en) | Display unit and methods of displaying an image | |
MXPA99000884A (en) | Thermal transfer compositions, articles and graphic articles made with same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 96197753.1 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996913183 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2234673 Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: 2234673 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 1997 516577 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/1998/003127 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1019980702981 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996913183 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1019980702981 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1996913183 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWR | Wipo information: refused in national office |
Ref document number: 1019980702981 Country of ref document: KR |