WO1997015146A1 - Method of encoding video images - Google Patents
Method of encoding video images Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997015146A1 WO1997015146A1 PCT/IB1996/001099 IB9601099W WO9715146A1 WO 1997015146 A1 WO1997015146 A1 WO 1997015146A1 IB 9601099 W IB9601099 W IB 9601099W WO 9715146 A1 WO9715146 A1 WO 9715146A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/189—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding
- H04N19/19—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding using optimisation based on Lagrange multipliers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/119—Adaptive subdivision aspects, e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
- H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/30—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of encoding video images, comprising the steps of dividing said images into blocks selecting one of a plurality of different coding methods for each of said blocks and encoding said blocks using the selected coding method to obtain coded data for each block.
- the invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out said encoding method.
- a method of encoding Video images as described in the opening paragraph is disclosed in European Patent Application EP-A 0 220 706.
- transform coding is applied to each block, the block size being variable in response to brightness changes.
- the blocks are subdivided into smaller blocks so that the mean distortion inside each block does not exceed an allowable value.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the step of selecting the encoding method comprises the determination of that coding method which is optimal in a rate-distortion sense. An optimal compromise between rate and distortion is thereby achieved.
- the plurality of different coding methods is applied to pixel blocks of equal size.
- different coding methods are transform coding and fractal coding.
- the coding methods are all picture transforms, but they are applied to pixel blocks of different block sizes.
- Transforms used in transform coding are the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), the Hadamard transform, the Lapped Orthogonal Transforms (LOT), in particular the Modified LOT (MLOT), all known in the art.
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- LOT Lapped Orthogonal Transforms
- MLOT Modified LOT
- the statistics of the image to be coded are Gaussian, and that the transform coefficients are uncorrelated.
- the rate and distortion, on which the selection of the optimal transform type is based can easily be calculated.
- Fig.1 shows a diagram of a video encoding and transmitting station employing the method according to the invention.
- Fig.2 shows examples of rate-distortion curves associated with different coding methods.
- Fig.3 shows a flow chart of steps carried out by a segmentation circuit which is shown in Fig. l.
- Fig.4 shows a segmentation map of an image indicating the different coding methods applied to different regions of the image.
- Fig. l shows a diagram of a video encoding and transmitting station employing the method according to the invention.
- the arrangement receives a video input signal X m .
- a predicted video signal X pred is subtracted therefrom.
- the encoder can thus operate in an intraframe mode or a (possibly motion- compensated) interframe mode.
- the picture to be coded is applied to a segmentation circuit 2 and a transform circuit 3.
- the segmentation circuit determines, for example in a pre-analysis phase, which transform for a given block is optimal in a rate-distortion sense.
- the circuit further merges the contiguous blocks subjected to the same transform so as to form regions with the same transform.
- a "segmentation map" thus created is encoded for transmission or storage by an encoding circuit 4.
- the segmentation map is further applied to transform circuit 3 so as to indicate which transform is to be carried out during the actual coding phase.
- the transform coefficients obtained from transform circuit 3 are quantized and lossless coded by a quantizer and entropy coder 5.
- Quantization and entropy coding are well-known in the art. For example MPEG2-like coding can be used.
- the coefficients for each transform block are zigzag-scanned.
- the DC coefficients are quantized using a fixed step size, and encoded differentially.
- the AC coefficients are adaptively quantized and entropy-coded using a combination of Huffman coding and run-length coding.
- An end-of-block code is transmitted after the last non-zero AC coefficient of a block.
- the coded data thus obtained is multiplexed with the encoded segmentation map by a multiplexer 6 and transmitted to a decoder or stored on a storage medium (not shown).
- the segmentation circuit 2 determines the optimal coding method in a rate-distortion sense.
- the rate-distortion curve of a given coding method is the collection of rate-distortion pairs (R,D) for different values of an encoding parameter t, e.g. the quantization step size of a transform coder.
- Fig.2 shows a rate-distortion curve 201 associated with a first coding method Tl and a second rate-distortion curve 202 associated with a second coding method T2.
- transform coding is applied to pixel blocks of non-equal size.
- the segmentation circuit 2 determines the optimal block size.
- c i k is the i-th coefficient of transform block k and t is an encoding parameter, e.g. representative of a quantizer step size.
- Fig.3 shows a flow chart of steps carried out by segmentation circuit 2.
- the circuit calculates the operating value of t in such a way that the global rate R(t) equals a required rate R rcf , i.e. such that:
- Table I shows an example of such a bi-section algoritm in a pseudo-programming language.
- more efficient algorithms such as Gradient methods, can be used.
- a step 22 the circuit subjects each pixel block k to a given transform so as to obtain transform coefficients c i k , and calculates the rate R ⁇ t) and distortion D k (t) for said block in accordance with equations (1) and (2), using the value t which was found in step 21.
- the step 22 is repeated for different block sizes. In the present example, four different transforms are considered: a 2*2 transform Tl , a 4*4 transform T2, an 8*8 transform T3, or a 16*16 transform T4.
- a step 23 it is checked whether or not all these transforms have been processed.
- the best transform is selected in a step 24.
- L the "Lagrangian cost"
- s the slope of the rate-distortion curve in accordance with equation (3).
- the selected transform type is stored in the segmentation map, which defines a grid determined by the smallest block size.
- Fig.4 shows an illustrative example of such a segmentation map.
- the segmentation map is applied to transform circuit 3 so as to indicate which transform type is to be used during the phase of really encoding the image.
- the rate R k (t) for block k as determined in step 22 may be applied to a bitrate regulation circuit (not shown in Fig. l) so as to actually achieve the rate as determined by the segmentation circuit 2.
- Bitrate regulation circuits are known in the art.
- the segmentation map is further applied to encoding circuit 4 for transmission to the decoder or storage on a storage medium.
- a practical encoding strategy is to assign a unique number to the different transform types.
- the transform number is lossless encoded, using DPCM.
- the resultant differences are transmitted by a combination of Huffman coding and run-length coding.
- An alternative embodiment for calculating the rate-distortion pairs is to actually encode (transform, quantize, Huffman and run-length coding) each potential image block k.
- the above assumptions the statistics of the image to be coded are Gaussian, and the transform coefficients are uncorrelated are not applicable.
- transforms with equal block sizes can be used in the automatic segmentation, for example Discrete Cosine Transforms, Hadamard transforms, or Lapped Transforms such as the Modified Lapped Orthogonal Transform.
- a provision in the coding process is required to switch between the different transforms at the contour between regions, while maintaining (near) perfect reconstruction. For example, using linear phase transforms, this can be accomplished by mirroring at the region boundaries.
- a method of encoding video images is disclosed in which different coding methods are applied to different regions of the image. The image is divided into blocks, and for each block the coding method is selected which is optimal in a rate- distortion sense.
- transform coding such as DCT or LOT, is applied to all blocks. The block size is selected in accordance with a rate-distortion criterion.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96932760A EP0797895A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1996-10-17 | Method of encoding video images |
JP9515660A JPH10511532A (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1996-10-17 | Video image coding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95202819.9 | 1995-10-18 | ||
EP95202819 | 1995-10-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1997015146A1 true WO1997015146A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
Family
ID=8220733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1996/001099 WO1997015146A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1996-10-17 | Method of encoding video images |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0797895A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10511532A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997015146A1 (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0938235A1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 1999-08-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Digital signal coding and decoding |
FR2846835A1 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-07 | Canon Kk | Data e.g. digital image coding process for digital camera and photocopier, involves selecting coding mode based on coding costs calculated according to same throughput-distortion bias for overall image |
WO2005013201A1 (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-02-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Video encoding and decoding methods and corresponding devices |
FR2867327A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-09 | Canon Kk | Image`s digital signal e.g. audio signal, encoding method for use in signal encoding and compression field, involves determining new coefficient value for each color component of signal, based on preset coefficient |
EP1597909A2 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2005-11-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Picture coding method and picture decoding method |
US6975742B2 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2005-12-13 | Xerox Corporation | Rate-distortion optimization system and method for image compression |
CN100424725C (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2008-10-08 | 通用电气公司 | Method and apparatus for generating temporally interpolated tomographic images |
WO2009035410A2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Depth buffer compression |
EP1656644B1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2009-12-02 | Nxp B.V. | Video encoding and decoding methods and corresponding devices |
US7881370B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2011-02-01 | Visiowave S.A. | Method of selecting among n spatial video CODECs the optimum CODEC for a same input signal |
CN106162172A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2016-11-23 | Ge视频压缩有限责任公司 | Sample areas folding |
WO2017048345A1 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | Google Inc. | Transform selection for non-baseband signal coding |
US20170134761A1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2017-05-11 | Ge Video Compression, Llc | Coding of a spatial sampling of a two-dimensional information signal using sub-division |
US9729888B2 (en) | 2009-09-10 | 2017-08-08 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Speedup techniques for rate distortion optimized quantization |
US20180324466A1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2018-11-08 | Ge Video Compression, Llc | Inheritance in sample array multitree subdivision |
US20190089962A1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2019-03-21 | Ge Video Compression, Llc | Inter-plane prediction |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4538724B2 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2010-09-08 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Parameter determining apparatus, encoding apparatus, parameter determining method and program thereof |
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1996
- 1996-10-17 JP JP9515660A patent/JPH10511532A/en active Pending
- 1996-10-17 WO PCT/IB1996/001099 patent/WO1997015146A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-17 EP EP96932760A patent/EP0797895A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (91)
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US6975742B2 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2005-12-13 | Xerox Corporation | Rate-distortion optimization system and method for image compression |
US7657108B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2010-02-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Encoding of digital data combining a plurality of encoding modes |
FR2846835A1 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-07 | Canon Kk | Data e.g. digital image coding process for digital camera and photocopier, involves selecting coding mode based on coding costs calculated according to same throughput-distortion bias for overall image |
US7881370B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2011-02-01 | Visiowave S.A. | Method of selecting among n spatial video CODECs the optimum CODEC for a same input signal |
US9071817B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2015-06-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Picture coding method and picture decoding method |
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US8270736B2 (en) | 2007-09-12 | 2012-09-18 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Depth buffer compression |
WO2009035410A3 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-06-11 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Depth buffer compression |
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EP0797895A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
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