WO1997007782A1 - High lather styling shampoos - Google Patents
High lather styling shampoos Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997007782A1 WO1997007782A1 PCT/US1996/013574 US9613574W WO9707782A1 WO 1997007782 A1 WO1997007782 A1 WO 1997007782A1 US 9613574 W US9613574 W US 9613574W WO 9707782 A1 WO9707782 A1 WO 9707782A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/86—Polyethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
- A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/59—Mixtures
- A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to hair shampoo compositions which have improved cleansing, lathering, and styling benefits.
- These shampoo compositions comprise an alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant, optionally in combination with one or more additional surfactants.
- These compositions also comprise a hair styling polymer which is incorporated in a non-polar volatile solvent, which are together dispersed in the shampoo composition.
- Preferred embodiments of the present invention additionally comprise a hair conditioning agent. These preferred embodiments provide hair cleansing, styling, and conditioning benefits from a single product.
- a hair care process or product that provides hair styling benefits, especially hair style achievement and hold.
- Such style retention is generally accomplished by either of two routes: permanent chemical alteration or temporary alteration of hair style and shape.
- a permanent alteration for example a chemical perm, involves the use of chemical agents to react with the hair in order to
- the styling benefit provided by the present invention is a temporary alteration.
- a temporary alteration is one which can be removed by water or by shampooing. In other words, it is a non-permanent alteration.
- Temporary style alteration has generally been accomplished by means of the application of a separate composition or compositions after the shampooing process to provide style achievement and hold of hair.
- the materials used to provide these temporary styling benefits have generally been resins or gums that are usually applied in the form of mousses, gels, lotions, or sprays. This approach presents several significant drawbacks to the user. It requires a separate step following shampooing to apply the styling composition.
- many of these styling agents are aesthetically unappealing, leaving the hair feeling sticky or stiff after application of the styling composition, thereby defeating the purpose of the cleansing process.
- many styling agents do not provide a long-lasting style benefit or provide a styling benefit that is too easily disturbed.
- shampoo compositions that are disclosed in the prior art provide cleansing and conditioning benefits, they do not provide effective styling benefits.
- the benefits derived from styling are highly desirable.
- styling agents such as styling polymers, cannot be readily incorporated into conventional shampoos without suppressing the lathering and cleansing ability of the shampoos, or the ultimate deposition and performance ofthe styling polymer.
- certain surfactant systems such as alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates can provide high cleansing and lathering properties in a system also containing a styling polymer.
- Alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates are also known to be good lathering surfactants. See U.S. Patent No. 2,979,465, to Parran et al., issued April 11, 1961, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. It has, however, surprisingly been found that alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactants are able to produce good cleansing and lathering without interfering with the deposition of a hair styling polymer dissolved in a non-polar volatile solvent.
- the present invention relates to hair shampoo compositions which comprise an alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant, a hair styling polymer, a non-polar volatile solvent for dissolving the polymer, and water.
- Shampooing with these products provides both hair cleansing and styling benefits from a single product.
- These compositions also have good lathering ability.
- a hair conditioning agent is added to the aforementioned product, hair conditioning, cleansing, and styling benefits can be achieved from a single hair care product.
- the styling shampoo compositions of the present invention provide product viscosities that maintain product phase stability and a consumer pleasing aesthetic appearance.
- the present invention relates to a lathering, hair styling shampoo composition
- a lathering, hair styling shampoo composition comprising: (a) from about 2% to about 25%, by weight, of an alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant;
- the present invention also relates to methods for cleansing and styling the hair utilizing the compositions of the present invention. These methods comprise the steps of: (i) wetting the hair with water,
- the styling polymers and non-volatile solvents of the present invention can be used in a wide variety of hair styling products, including shampoos, hair sprays, hair lotions, hair tonics, hair mousses, and hair rinses.
- compositions of the present invention comprise an alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant (also referred to herein as an "AGS" surfactant) as the cleansing and lathering ingredient.
- AGS alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant
- alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant 4% to about 10% of the alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate surfactant.
- AGS surfactants are derived from an alkyl glyceryl ether containing a sulfonate or , sulfonate salt group. These compounds generally can be described as an alkyl monoether of glycerol that also contains a sulfonate group.
- AGS surfactants can be described as generally conforming to the following structures:
- R is a saturated or unsaturated straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic alkyl group having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably from about 11 to about 16 carbon atoms, and most preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms
- X is a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium; mono- alkylsubstituted ammonium; di-alkylsubstituted ammonium; tri-alkylsubstituted ammonium; tetra-alkylsubstituted ammonium; alkali metal; alkaline metal; and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the alkyl radicals, R in the above formulas, are saturated and straight chain.
- the distribution of alkyl chain lengths in the AGS surfactant has some effect on the character of the overall shampoo product.
- a satisfactory distribution can be achieved in a commercially practicable way by using fatty alcohols derived from coconut oil and tallow.
- An equivalent distribution of alkyl chain lengths can be achieved using other starting materials.
- the middle cut ofthe coconut oil is taken. The higher boiling cut can be retained with the middle cut coconut oils if desired.
- a hydrogenation step is included to insure that they are substantially saturated.
- the preferred AGS compounds are those where the alkyl group is derived from at least about 50% from alcohols of about 10 to about 18 carbons, having mainly monoglyceryl radicals present, with less than about 30% of diglyceryl radicals present.
- the AGS used in the Examples described below contains about 15% of diglyceryl ether sulfonates, and is preferred because of the ease of manufacturing this material.
- the term "AGS" is intended to include monoglyceryl, diglyceryl, and traces ofthe higher glyceryl compounds. Small amounts, that is less than about 3% total, of triglyceryl ether sulfonates and tetraglyceryl ether sulfonates can be present. Also included are AGS's derived from glyceryl ethers having branched or mixed branched and straight chain lengths that emulate the straight chain lengths.
- the more preferred AGS surfactants for use in this invention are those which have a ⁇ 2- straight chain length, and are crystalline in structure.
- the preferred cation, "X" in the AGS surfactants is sodium.
- An example of a commercially available AGS surfactant useful herein includes sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate, as listed in CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, fifth edition, 1993, page 660,which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- the AGS surfactants of this invention can be prepared using a variety of standard synthetic methods.
- the AGS surfactants can be preferably prepared by reacting fatty alcohols with a slight excess of epichlorohydrin, and then sulfonating the resulting chloroglyceryl ethers by means of the Streckerization Reaction.
- the sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate should contain less than about 30% of the diglycerol ether product, and preferably less than about 25%. The balance is substantially monoglyceryl ether sulfonate. Generally, it is not desirable to reduce the alkyl diglyceryl ether content below about 5% for economic reasons.
- the shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise a hair styling polymer. It is this component that provides the hair styling benefits to the user.
- the compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 7%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% ofthe styling polymer.
- a wide variety of hair styling polymers are known for use as styling agents. Many homopolymers, copolymers, and polymers combining three or more different monomer units are known in the art. Examples of such complex polymer systems are found in U.S. Patent 5,120,531, to Wells et al., issued June 9, 1992; U.S. Patent 5,120,532, to Wells et al., issued June 9, 1992; U.S. Patent 5,104,642, to Wells et al., issued April 14, 1992; U.S. Patent 4.272,511, to Papantoniou et al., issued June 9, 1981 ; and U.S. Patent 4,196,190, to Gehman et al., issued April 1, 1980, all of which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in their entirety.
- the polymers used herein are hydrophobic, water insoluble polymers. These polymers contain monomer units derived from polymerizable hydrophobic monomers.
- hydrophobic monomer means a monomer, that upon polymerization with like monomers, forms a water-insoluble homopolymer.
- the polymers can contain other monomer units which are not hydrophobic, however the polymer must remain water-insoluble as defined above.
- water-insoluble polymer or homopolymer means a polymer that has a solubility in water at 25 C of about 0.2% or less, calculated on a water plus polymer weight basis.
- solubility for pu ⁇ oses hereof corresponds to the maximum concentration of polymer that can dissolve in water to form a solution that is substantially clear to the naked eye, as is well understood to those skilled in the art.
- the hair styling polymer preferably has a glass transition temperature, Tg, i.e., the temperature at which the polymer changes from a brittle vitreous state to a plastic state, of at least about -20 C, preferably between about 0°C and about 80°C, and most preferably between about 20°C and about 60°C.
- Tg can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry, a method well known to one skilled in the art.
- the hair styling polymers of the present invention have a weight average molecular weight of at least about 10,000.
- the molecular weight will generally be , less than about 5,000,000, although higher molecular weights are not intended to be excluded.
- the weight average molecular weight will be from about 30,000 to about 5,000,000, more preferably at least about 50,000, even more preferably at least about 75,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably less than about 200,000, more preferably less than about 150,000.
- Weight average molecular weight, for pu ⁇ oses hereof, can be measured by methods known in the art suitable for determining the molecular weight of the sample to be analyzed, for example size exclusion chromatography utilizing column pore sizes of 10 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ , and l ⁇ 6 angstroms, or other equivalent methods.
- Suitable hydrophobic monomers include acrylic or methacrylic acid esters of C j -Ci8 alcohols, such as methanol. ethanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, 1 -butanol, 2- methyl-1 -propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-l -butanol, 1- methy 1-1 -butanol, 3-methyl- 1 -butanol, 1 -methyl-1 -pentanol, 2-methyl-l -pentanol, 3- methyl-1 -pentanol, t-butanol, cyclohexanol, neodecanol, 2 -ethyl-1 -butanol, 3- heptanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-octanol, 6-methyl-l-heptanol, 2-ethyl-l-hexanol, 3,5-
- the polymers hereof can be homopolymers of such hydrophobic monomers or can be co-, ter-, and other higher polymers of hydrophobic monomers.
- Preferred monomers include n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2- ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, t-butylacrylate, t-butylmethyacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
- the polymers hereof can be made by conventional polymerization techniques well known in the art including, for example, free radical polymerization.
- Preferred examples of polymers useful in the present invention include the following: t-butyl aery late/2-ethy lhexy 1 acrylate copolymers having a weight/weight ratio of monomers of about 95/5, about 90/10, about 80/20, about 70/30, about 60/40, and about 50/50; t-butyl methacrylate/2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymers having a weight/weight ratio of monomers of about 95/5, about 90/10, about 80/20, about 70/30, about 60/40, and about 50/50; t-butyl methacrylate/2- ethylhexyl methacrylate copolymers having a weight/weight ratio of monomers of about 95/5, about 90/10, about 80/20, about 70/30, about 60/40, and about 50/50; t- butyl ethacrylate/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate copolymers having a weight/weight , ratio
- Especially preferred polymers are t-butyl acrylate/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate copolymers having a weight/weight ratio of monomers of about 95/5, about 90/10, about 80/20, about 70/30, about 60/40, and about 50/50; t-butyl methacrylate/2- ethylhexyl methacrylate copolymers having a weight/weight ratio of monomers of about 95/5, about 90/10, about 80/20, about 70/30, about 60/40, and about 50/50; and mixtures thereof.
- compositions of the present invention also comprise a non-polar volatile solvent or diluent for the styling polymer.
- the solvent is useful for diluting and solubilizing the polymer so that it can be dispersed as fluid particles in the shampoo composition.
- the amount of solvent to be used in the present shampoo compositions is an amount sufficient to solubilize the polymer and disperse it as a separate fluid phase in the shampoo composition.
- the compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.10% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%, and most preferably from about 1% to about 6% by weight ofthe polymer solvent. At levels below about 0.1% solvent, the polymer generally cannot be sufficiently diluted; while at levels above about 10% solvent, the shampoo's cleansing and lathering characteristics can be negatively affected.
- the weight/weight ratio of polymer to solvent in the present composition is from about 10:90 to about 70:30, preferably from about 30:70 to about 60:40.
- the solvent also aids in delivering style achievement by plasticising the polymer deposited on the hair, thereby making it more flexible and adhesive during the hair drying and styling process.
- the solvent should have a low solubility in water.
- Most preferred are the hydrocarbons which have a solubility in water of less than about 0.5% by weight, preferably less than 0.3% by weight, and most preferably less than 0.2% by weight.
- the particular polymer chosen for use in the present shampoo compositions must be soluble in the particular solvent utilized, thereby allowing the dispersion of the polymer and solvent mixture as a dispersed fluid phase in the shampoo composition.
- the solvents must not interact with the polymer styling agent in such a way that would substantially reduce the ability of the polymer to provide styling benefits to the hair under ordinary use situations.
- the solvents must, of course, be of sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to human hair.
- the polymer solvent must also be volatile. Upon deposition of the polymer , and solvent mixture onto the hair, the solvent is volatilized leaving only the styling polymer on the hair, thus providing the maximum styling benefits.
- the polymer solvents of the present invention have a boiling point of less than or equal to about 300°C, more preferably from about 90°C to about 260°C, and most preferably from about 100°C to about 200°C.
- the volatile solvents useful in the present compositions can be hydrocarbons, ethers, or mixtures thereof. Most preferred are the hydrocarbons, especially the Cjo-Ci6 branched chain hydrocarbons.
- the most preferred solvents for use herein are isohexadecane, isododecane, 2,5-dimethyl decane, and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbons may be either straight or branched chain and may contain from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms. Saturated hydrocarbons are preferred, although it is not necessarily intended to exclude unsaturated hydrocarbons. Examples of suitable straight chain hydrocarbons are decane, dodecane, decene. tridecene, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable branched chain hydrocarbons include isoparaffins of the above chain lengths. Isoparaffins are commercially available from Exxon Chemical Co.
- Examples include IsoparTM H and K (C ⁇ ⁇ -C ⁇ 2 isoparaffins), and IsoparTM L (C ⁇ ⁇ - C ⁇ isoparaffins).
- Other suitable branched chain hydrocarbons are isododecane and isohexadecane. These solvents are commercially available from Preperse, Inc. (South Plainfiled, NJ, USA) as PermethylTM 99A and 101 A, respectively.
- Useful ethers include di(C5-C ⁇ ) alkyl ethers and diethers, especially the di(C5-C6) alkyl ethers such as isoamyl ether, dipentyl ether and dihexyl ether.
- the most preferred volatile solvents hereof are the hydrocarbons.
- the mixture of hair styling polymer and non-polar volatile solvent used in the present compositions is also referred to herein as the styling agent.
- the hair styling agent of the present invention comprises a mixture of a water-insoluble, hydrophobic hair styling polymer and a water-insoluble, non-polar volatile diluent.
- the hair styling agent generally should have a hair styling polymer to volatile solvent weight ratio of from about 10:90 to about 70:30, preferably from about 20:80 to about 65:35, and more preferably from about 30:70 to about 60:40.
- the hair styling polymer is admixed with the non-polar volatile solvent, preferably in a weight ratio of from about 10:90 to about 70:30, more preferably from about 20:80 to about 65:35, and most preferably from about 30:70 to about 60:40. If the ratio of polymer to solvent is too low, the lathering performance of the shampoo composition is negatively affected. If the ratio of polymer to solvent is too high, the , composition becomes too viscous and causes difficulty in the dispersion of the styling polymer.
- the hair styling agents should have an average particle diameter in the final shampoo product of from about 0.1 to about 100 microns, preferably from about 0.5 micron to about 25 microns. Particle size can be measured according to methods known in the art, including, for example optical microscopy. Preferred examples of hair styling agents include the following materials. It should be noted that the numbers in parentheses following the polymers indicates the relative weight ratios ofthe monomers. Mixture A. w/w ratio
- compositions of the present invention comprise from about 50% to about 98.7%, more preferably from about 55% to about 85%, and most preferably from about 60% to about 75% ofwater.
- compositions ofthe present invention can optionally comprise from about 0% to about 30%, preferably from about 2% to about 15%, and more preferably from about 4% to about 8% of a secondary surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
- a secondary surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
- Such surfactants are well-known to those skilled in the art.
- these surfactants are detersive surfactants.
- detersive is meant that these surfactants provide a cleansing or detergent benefit.
- Nonlimiting examples of suitable secondary surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emuisifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration; McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992);
- nonlimiting examples of surfactants useful herein are those that can be broadly defined as condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g. C8-30 alcohols, with sugar or starch polymers, i.e., glycosides.
- S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose
- n is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000
- R is a C8-30 alkyl group.
- long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like.
- Preferred examples of these surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from about 1 to about 9.
- Commercially available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625CS from Henkel).
- nonionic surfactants include the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty acids (i.e. alkylene oxide esters of fatty acids). When these particular nonionics are used, it is preferable to use them at low concentrations, preferably in combination with one or more of the other surfactants disclosed herein. These materials have the general formula RCO(X) n OH wherein R is a C 10-30 alkyl group, X is -OCH CH - (i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or -OC ⁇ CHCH ⁇ (i.e. derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an , integer from about 1 to about 100.
- nonionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkylene oxides with 2 moles of fatty acids (i.e. alkylene oxide diesters of fatty acids). These materials have the general formula RCO(X) n OOCR wherein R is a C 10-30 alkyl group, X is -OCH CH -(i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or -OCH2CHCH -(i.e. derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 100.
- Other nonionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty alcohols (i.e. alkylene oxide ethers of fatty alcohols).
- R(X) n OR' wherein R is a C10- 30 alkyl group, X is -OCH 2 CH 2 -(i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or -OCH-,CHCH - (i.e. derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 100 and R' is H or a C 10-30 alkyl group.
- Still other nonionic surfactants are the condensation products of alkylene oxides with both fatty acids and fatty alcohols [i.e. wherein the polyalkylene oxide portion is esterified on one end with a fatty acid and etherified (i.e.
- RCO(X) n OR' wherein R and R' are C 10-30 alkyl groups, X is -OCH 2 CH2 (i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or -OCH 2 CHCH 3 - (derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from about 1 to about 100.
- Nonlimiting examples of these alkylene oxide derived nonionic surfactants include ceteth- 1, ceteth-2, ceteth-6, ceteth- 10, ceteth- 12, ceteareth-2, ceteareth-6, ceteareth- 10, ceteareth- 12, steareth- 1, steareth-2, steareth-6, steareth- 10, steareth- 12, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-4 stearate, PEG-6 stearate, PEG- 10 stearate, PEG- 12 stearate, PEG-20 glyceryl stearate, PEG-80 glyceryl tallowate, PPG- 10 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-200 glyceryl tallowate, PEG-8 dilaurate, PEG- 10 distearate, and mixtures thereof.
- Still other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants corresponding to the structural formula:
- R is H, C, -C 4 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably Ci-C , alkyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl;
- R is alkyl or alkenyl, preferably Cy-C j g alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably
- Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with a least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
- Z preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof.
- An especially preferred surfactant corresponding to the above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the
- R CO- moiety is derived from coconut oil fatty acids).
- Processes for making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by Thomas
- Nonlimiting examples of anionic surfactants include the alkoyl isethionates, and the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.
- the alkoyl isethionates typically have the formula RCO-OCH-C ⁇ SO- ⁇ M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
- Nonlimiting examples of these isethionates include those alkoyl isethionates selected from the group consisting of ammonium cocoyi isethionate, sodium cocoyi isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium stearoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
- alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates typically have the respective formulae
- ROSO 3 M and RO(C 2 H 4 O) ⁇ SO 3 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is from about 1 to about 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine. Examples of these materials are sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate.
- anionic surfactants are the water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction products ofthe general formula:
- R r -SO 3 --M wherein R, is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to about 16, carbon atoms; and M is a cation.
- Still other anionic synthetic surfactants include the class designated as succinamates, olefin sulfonates having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and b-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates.
- soaps i.e. alkali metal salts, e.g., , sodium or potassium salts
- fatty acids typically having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acids used in making the soaps can be obtained from natural sources such as, for instance, plant or animal-derived glycerides (e.g., palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, lard, etc.)
- the fatty acids can also be synthetically prepared. Soaps are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,557,853, cited above.
- Cationic surfactants can also be utilized in the present inveniton.
- Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic ammonium salts such as those having the formula: wherein R , is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms; R , R , and R are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms; and X is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, and mixtures thereof.
- the alkyl groups can also contain ether linkages, or hydroxy or amino group substituents
- Rj is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms; R is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; R 3 and R4 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and X is as described in the previous paragraph.
- R ⁇ is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R3, and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
- X is as described previously.
- Other ammonium quatemary and amino surfactants include those in the form of ring structures formed by covalently linking of the radicals. Examples of such cationic surfactants include imidazolines, imidazoliniums, and pyridiniums, etc., wherein said surfactant has at least one nonionic hydrophile-containing radical as set forth above.
- Examples include 2-heptadecyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol- 1 -ethanol, 4,5-dihydro-l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-isoheptadecyl-l- phenylmethylimidazolium chloride, and l-[2-oxo-2-[[2-[(l- oxooctadecyl)oxy]ethyl]amino]ethyl] pyridinium chloride.
- R ⁇ is alternatively R5CO-(CH 2 )n -, wherein R5 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and h is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably from about 2 to about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3.
- Nonlimiting examples of these cationic emuisifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
- Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide, lauryl ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lau
- Additional quatemary ammonium salts include those wherein the C12 to C22 alkyl carbon chain is derived from a tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid.
- tallow refers to an alkyl group derived from tallow fatty acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C16 to C18 range.
- coconut refers to an alkyl group derived from a coconut fatty acid, which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C12 to C14 range.
- Examples of quaternary ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosy
- cationic surfactants for use in the present invention are those which are useful for providing conditioning benefits, particularly hair conditioning properties and which are quaternary ammonium or amino compounds having at least one N-radical containing one or more nonionic hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylester moieties, and combinations thereof.
- the surfactant contains at least one hydrophilic moiety within 4 (inclusive), preferably within 3 (inclusive), carbon atoms of the quaternary nitrogen or cationic amino nitrogen. For pu ⁇ oses herein, this means that the closest non-carbon atom in the hydrophilic moiety to the cationic nitrogen must be within the stated number of carbon atoms relative to said nitrogen.
- carbon atoms that are part of a hydrophilic moiety e.g., carbon atoms in a hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene (e.g.,-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-), that are adjacent to other hydrophilic moieties are not counted as when determining the number of hydrophilic moieties within 4, or preferably 3, carbon atoms of the cationic nitrogen.
- the alkyl portion of any hydrophilic moiety is preferably a Cj-C 3 alkyl.
- Suitable hydrophile-containing radicals include, for example, ethoxy, propoxy, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, ethylamido, propylamido, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, methylester, ethylester, propylester, or mixtures thereof, as nonionic hydrophile moieties.
- Salts of primary, secondary and tertiary fatty amines are also preferred cationic surfactant materials.
- the alkyl groups of such amines preferably have from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and must contain at least one, preferably 2 to about 10, nonionic hydrophilic moieties selected from alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylester moieties, and mixtures thereof.
- Secondary and tertiary amines are preferred, tertiary amines are particularly preferred.
- Suitable amines include diethyl aminoethyl polyoxyethylene (5) laurate, coco-polyglyceryl-4 hydroxypropyl dihydroxy ethylamine, and dihydroxyethyl tallowamine hydrochloride.
- the cationic conditioning agents for use herein may also include a plurality of ammonium quaternary moieties or amino moieties, or a mixture thereof.
- amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the present invention are those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms (preferably Cg - C j g) and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
- an anionic water solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
- alkyl imino acetates examples are alkyl imino acetates, and iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH ) CO2MU and RNH(CH2) CO2M wherein m is from 1 to 4, R is a Cg-C 22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium. Also included are imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
- amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,658,072 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety; N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,438,091 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under the trade name "Miranol" and described in U.S.
- Patent 2,528,3708 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Other examples of useful amphoterics include phosphates, such as coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from Mona Co ⁇ .).
- amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are the betaines.
- betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from Lonza Co ⁇ .), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2 -hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha- -carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-(2-hydroxye
- amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include the sultaines and hydroxysultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc), and the alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH-,)CH ? CH ? CO 2 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and trialkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine).
- sultaines and hydroxysultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc)
- alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH-,)CH ? CH ? CO 2 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and
- surfactants can optionally be used in combination with AGS in the hair care compositions of the present invention.
- Preferred surfactants for use in the present shampoo compositions include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate. triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate.
- diethanolamine laureth sulfate lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyi sarcosine, ammonium cocoyi sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyi sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyi sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyi sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium do
- ammonium laureth sulfate and cocoamidopropyl betaine are ammonium laureth sulfate and cocoamidopropyl betaine.
- the shampoo compositions of the present invention also preferably comprise a hair conditioning agent. It is this agent that provides additional hair conditioning benefits such as ease of combing, soft hair feel, and manageability to the user.
- the resulting shampoo composition provides hair cleaning, styling and conditioning benefits in one product.
- Cationic surfactants as described above, can be used to give some conditioning benefits in the present compositions.
- protein derivatives such as hydrolyzed animal proteins, for example, Crotein SPA (Croda) or Lexeine X250 (Inolex) or Poly- peptide LSN (Stephan), can be used to provide conditioning benefits.
- the hair conditioning agent ofthe present invention can be a non- volatile siioxane or a siloxane-containing material and is present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 10% ofthe shampoo composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, most prefer ⁇ ably from about 0.2% to about 3%.
- Siloxanes see, for example, U.S. Patent 3,208,911, Oppliger, issued September
- a silicon derivative e.g., polyether- or alcohol-modified siloxanes.
- Polyether-modified polysiloxanes are also disclosed for use in shampoos in U.S. Patent 3,957,970, Korkis, issued May 18, 1976.
- Siloxane-derived materials have also been used in hair styling compositions.
- Japanese Published Application 56-092,811, Lion Co ⁇ oration, published December 27, 1979 describes hair setting compositions which comprise an amphoteric acrylic resin, a polyoxyalkylene-denatured organopoly siioxane, and polyethylene glycol.
- U.S. Patent 4,744,978, Homan et al., issued May 17, 1988 describes hair styling compositions (such as hair sprays) which include the combination of a carboxyfunctional polydimethyl ⁇ siloxane and a cationic organic polymer containing amine or ammonium groups. Hair styling compositions which include polydiorganosiloxanes and a cationic organic polymer are taught in U.S.
- Patent 4,733,677 Gee et al., issued March 29, 1988
- U.S. Patent 4,724,851 Cornwall et al., issued February 16, 1988
- European Patent Application 117,360 Cantrell et al., published September 5, 1984, discloses compositions, containing a siioxane polymer having at least one nitrogen-hydrogen bond, a surfactant, and a solubilized titanate, zirconate or germanate, which act as both a conditioner and a hair styling aid.
- Nonvolatile silicone fluids are useful as the conditioning agent component in the shampoo compositions of the present invention.
- examples of such materials include Y> polydimethylsiloxane gums, aminosilicones and phenylsilicones. More specifically, materials such as polyalkyi or polyaryl siloxanes with the following structure:
- R is alkyl or aryl, and x is an integer from about 7 to about 8,000 may be used.
- A represents groups which block the ends ofthe silicone chains.
- the alkyl or aryl groups substituted on the siioxane chain (R) or at the ends of the siioxane chains (A) may have any structure as long as the resulting silicones remain fluid at room temperature, are hydrophobic, are neither irritating, toxic nor otherwise harmful when applied to the hair, are compatible with the other components of the composition, are chemically stable under normal use and storage conditions, and are capable of being deposited on the hair.
- Suitable A groups include methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and aryloxy.
- the two R groups on the silicone atom may represent the same group or different groups. Preferably, the two R groups represent the same group.
- Suitable R groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, methylphenyl and phenylmethyl.
- the pre ⁇ ferred silicones are polydimethyl siioxane, polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsiloxane. Polydimethylsiloxane is especially preferred. Suitable methods for preparing these silicone materials are disclosed in U.S.
- Silicones useful in the present invention are also commercially available. Suitable examples include Viscasil, a trademark of the General Electric Company and silicones offered by Dow Corning Co ⁇ oration and by SWS Silicones, a division of Stauffer Chemical Company.
- silicone cationic polymer conditioning agents which can be used in the present compositions correspond to the formula:
- G is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, OH, C ⁇ -C ⁇ alkyl and preferably methyl; a denotes 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, and preferably equals 0; b denotes 0 or 1 and preferably equals 1 ; the sum n+m is a number from 1 to 2,000 and preferably from 50 to 150, n being able to denote a number from 0 to 1,999 and preferably from 49 to 149 and m being able to denote an integer from 1 to 2,000 and preferably from 1 to 10;
- R is a monovalent radical of formula CqH ⁇ qL in which q is an integer from 2 to 8 and L is chosen from the groups
- R 2 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, a saturated hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and A denotes a halide ion.
- silicone cationic polymer conditioning agents which can be used in the present compositions correspond to the formula:
- R 3 denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more especially an alkyl or alkenyl radical such as methyl
- R4 denotes a hydrocarbon radical such as, preferably a Ci-Cjg alkylene radical or a Ci-Cj , and preferably Cj-Cg, alkyleneoxy radical
- Q is a halide ion, preferably chloride
- r denotes an average statistical value from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 8
- s denotes an average statistical value from 20 to 200, and preferably from 20 to 50.
- compositions ofthe present invention can also comprise a water soluble, cationic hair conditioning agent.
- these cationic hair conditioning agents are not necessary for the styling benefit, they have been shown to aid deposition of the hair styling polymer and achievement of the styling benefit.
- the cationic hair conditioning agent hereof will generally be present at levels of from about 0.05% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%, by weight, of the shampoo composition.
- the water soluble cationic conditioning agents hereof can include organic cationic polymers, organic cationic surfactants, and cationic silicone fluids.
- water soluble what is meant is a material which is soluble in water at a concentration of 0.1% in water (distilled or equivalent) at 25°C.
- the water soluble cationic conditioning agent will be soluble at 0.5% concentration, more preferably at 1.0% concentration.
- the polymer will be considered soluble if it forms a substantially clear solution to the naked eye.
- the water-soluble cationic polymers useful in the hair conditioning agent hereof are polymers that can provide conditioning benefits to hair and that are soluble in the shampoo composition. Any cationic polymers which can provide these benefits can be used.
- the term "polymer” shall include materials whether made by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by two (i.e., copolymers) or more types of monomers.
- the cationic organic polymers hereof will generally have a weight average molecular weight which is at least about 5,000, typically at least about 10,000, and is less than about 10 million. Preferably, the molecular weight is from about 100,000 to about 2 million.
- the cationic polymers will have cationic nitrogen-containing moieties such as quaternary ammonium or cationic amino moieties, or a mixture thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the charge density of amino-containing polymers may vary depending upon pH and the isoelectric point ofthe amino groups. The polymer should be within the above solubility limits at the pH of intended use, which will in general be from about pH 3 to about pH 9, most generally from about pH 4 to about pH 8.
- Any anionic counterions can be utilized for the cationic polymers so long as the water solubility criteria is met.
- Suitable counterions include halides (e.g., Cl, Br, I, or F, preferably Cl, Br, or I), sulfate, and methylsulfate. Others can also be used, as this list is not exclusive.
- the cationic nitrogen-containing moiety will be present generally as a substituent, on a fraction ofthe total monomer units of the cationic hair conditioning polymers.
- the cationic polymer can comprise copolymers, te ⁇ olymers, etc. of quaternary ammonium or cationic amine-substituted monomer units and other non-cationic units referred to herein as spacer monomer units.
- Such polymers are known in the art, and a variety can be found in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 5th edition, edited by Wenninger and McEwen, (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C, 1993).
- Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl acrylamides, alkyl and dialkyl methacrylamides, alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinyl caprolactone, and vinyl pyrrolidone.
- the alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have Cj-C ⁇ alkyl groups, more preferably Cj-C 3 alkyl groups.
- Suitable spacer monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol (made by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate), maleic anhydride, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.
- the cationic amines can be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, depending upon the particular species and the pH of the shampoo. In general, secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary amines, are preferred.
- Amine-substituted vinyl monomers can be polymerized in the amine form, and then optionally can be converted to ammonium by a quaternization reaction.
- Amines can also be similarly quaternized subsequent to formation of the polymer.
- tertiary amine functionalities can be quaternized by reaction with a salt ofthe formula R'X wherein R' is a short chain alkyl, preferably a C1-C7 alkyl, more preferably a Cj-C 3 alkyl, and X is an anion which forms a water soluble salt with the quaternized ammonium.
- Suitable cationic amino and quaternary ammonium monomers include, for example, vinyl compounds substituted with dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl acrylate, monoalkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, trialkyl methacryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, trialkyl acryloxyalkyl ammonium salt, diallyl quaternary ammonium salts, and vinyl quaternary ammonium monomers having cyclic cationic nitrogen-containing rings such as pyridinium, imidazolium, and quaternized pyrrolidone, e.g., alkyl vinyl imidazolium, alkyl vinyl pyridinium, alkyl vinyl pyrrolidone salts.
- the alkyl portions of these monomers are C ⁇ -C ⁇ alkyls, preferably lower alkyls such as the C1-C3 alkyls, more preferably C, and C ⁇ alkyls.
- the cationic polymers hereof can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from amine- and or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and/or compatible spacer monomers.
- Suitable cationic hair conditioning polymers include, for example: copolymers of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1- viny 1-3 -methylimidazolium salt (e.g., chloride salt) (referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, "CTFA", as Polyquaternium- 16), such as those commercially available from BASF Wyandotte Co ⁇ .
- CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association
- cationic polymers that can be used include polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives and cationic starch derivatives.
- Cationic polysaccharide polymer materials suitable for use herein include those ofthe formula:
- A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual
- R is an alkylene oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof,
- Rl, R2, and R3 independently are alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in Rl, R2 and R3) preferably being about 20 or less, and X is an anionic counterion, as previously described.
- Cationic cellulose is available from Amerchol Co ⁇ .
- cationic cellulose includes the poly ⁇ meric quatemary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted opoxide, refe ⁇ ed to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Amerchol Co ⁇ . (Edison, NJ, USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200.
- cationic polymers that can be used include cationic guar gum derivatives, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (commercially available from Celanese Co ⁇ . in their Jaguar R series).
- Other materials include quatemary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent 3,962,418, inco ⁇ orated by reference herein), and copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent 3,958,581, inco ⁇ orated by reference herein).
- the cationic polymer hereof is water soluble. This does not mean, however, that it must be soluble in the shampoo composition.
- the cationic polymer is either soluble in the shampoo composition, or in a coacervate phase in the shampoo composition formed by the cationic polymer and anionic material.
- Coacervates of the cationic polymer can be formed with anionic surfactants or with anionic polymers that can optionally be added to the compositions hereof (e.g., sodium polystyrene sulfonate).
- Coacervate formation is dependent upon a variety of criteria such as molecular weight, concentration, and ratio of interacting ionic materials, ionic strength (including modification of ionic strength, for example, by addition of salts), charge density ofthe cationic and anionic species, pH, and temperature. Coacervate systems and the effect of these parameters has previously been studied. See, for example, J. Caelles, et al., "Anionic and Cationic Compounds in Mixed Systems", Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 106, April 1991, pp 49-54, C. J. van Oss, "Coacervation, Complex-Coacervation and Flocculation", J. Dispersion Science and Technology, Vol.
- the cationic polymer it is believed to be particularly advantageous for the cationic polymer to be present in the shampoo in a coacervate phase, or to form a coacervate phase upon application or rinsing of the shampoo to or from the hair. Coacervates are believed to more readily deposit on the hair. Thus, in general, it is prefe ⁇ ed that the cationic polymer exist in the shampoo as a coacervate phase or form a coacervate phase upon dilution.
- the cationic polymer will preferably exist in a coacervate form in the shampoo upon dilution with water to a water: shampoo composition weight ratio of about 20:1, more preferably at about 10:1, even more preferably at about 8:1.
- Conditioning ingredients such as oils and emollients can also be inco ⁇ orated into the styling shampoo compositions of this invention.
- Other Optional Ingredients such as oils and emollients can also be inco ⁇ orated into the styling shampoo compositions of this invention.
- the high lather styling shampoo compositions herein can contain a variety of other optional components suitable for rendering such compositions more cosmetically or aesthetically acceptable or to provide them with additional usage benefits.
- Such conventional optional ingredients are well-known to those skilled in the art, e.g., pearlescent aids, such as coated mica, ethylene glycol distearate, and PEG 3 distearate; opacifiers such as TiO 2 ; preservatives, such as benzyl alcohol, Glydant, Kathon, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea; fatty alcohols, such as cetearyl alcohol; sodium chloride; sodium sulfate; polyvinyl alcohol; ethyl alcohol; pH adjusting agents, such as citric acid, sodium citrate, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate; coloring agents, such as any ofthe FD&C or D&C dye
- compositions can also optionally comprise thickeners and viscosity modifiers, such as a diethanolamide of a long chain fatty acid (e.g., PEG 3 lauric diethanolamide), lauramide DEA, cocomonoethanol amide, guar gum, xanthan gum, Crothix (PEG 150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate), methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starches and starch derivatives.
- Various salts and electrolytes, preferably sodium chloride can also be used as needed to adjust the viscosity of the present compositions.
- the compositions can comprise a nonionic long chain alkylated cellulose ether thickener such as those materials described in U.S. Patent 4,228,277, Landoll, issued October 14, 1980, which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Such optional ingredients generally are used individually at levels of from about 0.01% to about 10.0%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 5.0%, of the shampoo composition.
- the present invention should not contain optional components which unduly interfere with the cleaning and hair style holding performance ofthe present shampoo compositions.
- the styling shampoo compositions ofthe present invention can be made using conventional formulation and mixing techniques.
- the hair styling polymer should first be dissolved in the non-polar volatile solvent.
- the remaining ingredients are combined in a separate vessel and the polymer and solvent mixture is added to these remaining ingredients.
- the composition should have a final viscosity of from about 1500 to about 12,000 cps.
- the viscosity ofthe composition can be adjusted using sodium chloride as needed.
- the high lather styling shampoo compositions of the present invention are used in conventional ways to provide cleansing and styling hold benefits. Such methods generally involve application of an effective amount of the shampoo product to the wet hair, which is massaged through and then rinsed from the hair.
- an effective amount is meant an amount sufficient to provide the hair cleaning and styling hold benefits desired considering the length and texture ofthe hair.
- Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.
- hair styling agents are mixtures of hair styling polymers and non-polar volatile solvents which are used in Examples I-IX. All ratios herein are given on a weight/weight basis. It should be noted that the numbers in parentheses following the polymers indicates the relative weight ratios ofthe monomers.
- the hair styling polymer and non-polar volatile solvent mixture is prepared by placing the appropriate hair styling polymer into a suitable vessel, and adding the appropriate non-polar volatile solvent to the vessel. The mixture is then sti ⁇ ed while heating to about 160°- 180° F until the polymer is completely dissolved.
- Polyquaternium 10 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.50
- This material is a 40/60 weight ratio blend of polydimethylsiloxane gum (GE SE).
- the glycol distearate, cocomonoethanol amide, PEG- 150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, monosodium phosphate, and disodium phosphate are combined with all of the AGS and half of each of the remaining surfactants [ammonium laureth sulfate, cocoamidopropyl Betaine F, (and ammonium lauryl sulfate when present)].
- the mixture is then heated to about 160-
- the resulting shampoo product is useful for both cleansing the hair and for providing hair style holding benefits.
- the following hair shampoo composition is representative ofthe present invention.
- This shampoo product is useful for both cleansing the hair and for providing hair style holding benefits.
- This material is a 40/60 weight ratio blend of polydimethylsiloxane gum (GE SE 76, available from General Electric Company, Silicone Products Division, Waterford, NY, USA) and polydimethylsiloxane fluid (about 350 centistokes).
- GE SE 76 polydimethylsiloxane gum
- polydimethylsiloxane fluid about 350 centistokes
- These shampoo products are useful for both cleansing the hair and for providing hair style holding benefits.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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BR9610372A BR9610372A (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High-foaming styling shampoos |
KR1019980701466A KR100264305B1 (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High lather styling shampoos |
CA002230868A CA2230868C (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High lather styling shampoos |
AU69565/96A AU702759B2 (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High lather styling shampoos |
EP96930570A EP0850045A1 (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High lather styling shampoos |
JP9510426A JPH11511461A (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | Advanced Foaming Styling Shampoo |
MXPA/A/1998/001579A MXPA98001579A (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1998-02-27 | Plumbing shampoo abundant and that facilitates the pein |
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US08/520,631 US5883058A (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1995-08-29 | High lather styling shampoos |
US08/520,631 | 1995-08-29 |
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WO1997007782A1 true WO1997007782A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
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PCT/US1996/013574 WO1997007782A1 (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1996-08-22 | High lather styling shampoos |
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US (1) | US5883058A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0850045A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11511461A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100264305B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1200031A (en) |
AU (1) | AU702759B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9610372A (en) |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998018433A1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Styling shampoo compositions with improved styling polymer deposition |
WO1998031340A1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions |
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WO2000006102A1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
EP1092417A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Hair styling shampoos |
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US6627183B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2003-09-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
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US20080161394A1 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2008-07-03 | Jean-Yves Fouron | Cosmetic composition comprising at least one volatile carbonic acid ester |
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BR112015001525A2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2017-07-04 | Basf Se | personal care composition and method for improving skin or mucous membrane irritation due to sodium lauryl sulphate |
KR101687749B1 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-19 | 주식회사 기린화장품 | Bubble-type shampoo |
WO2017101101A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | L'oreal | Composition having a colour transformation during application |
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US4842850A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1989-06-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
EP0323715A2 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-07-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling agents and compositions containing the same |
WO1991015185A1 (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1991-10-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling shampoos |
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US4196190A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1980-04-01 | Rohm And Haas Company | Acrylic hair setting resins having high resistance to moisture and rapid removability from the hair with shampoo |
US4272511A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1981-06-09 | L'oreal | Cosmetic compositions for treating hair |
DE3622439A1 (en) * | 1986-07-04 | 1988-01-07 | Henkel Kgaa | HAIR TREATMENT |
US5580494A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1996-12-03 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Hair conditioning shampoo containing high charge density polymers |
US5084212A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1992-01-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Ultra mild surfactant with foam enhancer |
US5104642A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-04-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling compositions containing particular hair styling polymers and non-aqueous solvents |
US5310508A (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-05-10 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Mild personal cleansing compositions containing sodium alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate |
US5514302A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1996-05-07 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Fabric cleaning shampoo compositions |
US5391368A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1995-02-21 | Revlon Consumer Products Corporation | Hair styling shampoos |
-
1995
- 1995-08-29 US US08/520,631 patent/US5883058A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-22 CA CA002230868A patent/CA2230868C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-22 WO PCT/US1996/013574 patent/WO1997007782A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-22 BR BR9610372A patent/BR9610372A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-22 KR KR1019980701466A patent/KR100264305B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-22 AU AU69565/96A patent/AU702759B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-22 JP JP9510426A patent/JPH11511461A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-22 CN CN96197634A patent/CN1200031A/en active Pending
- 1996-08-22 EP EP96930570A patent/EP0850045A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US4842850A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1989-06-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
EP0323715A2 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-07-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling agents and compositions containing the same |
WO1991015185A1 (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1991-10-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling shampoos |
US5120532A (en) * | 1990-04-06 | 1992-06-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair styling shampoos |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998018433A1 (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Styling shampoo compositions with improved styling polymer deposition |
US6248317B1 (en) | 1996-10-25 | 2001-06-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Styling shampoo compositions with improved styling polymer deposition |
WO1998031340A1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions |
WO1998031327A1 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1998-07-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions |
US6096697A (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2000-08-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions providing improved hair and skin conditioning |
WO1999038486A1 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cosmetic compositions |
WO1999038485A1 (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cosmetic compositions |
WO2000006102A1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
US6627183B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2003-09-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hair care compositions |
EP1092417A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Hair styling shampoos |
EP1092418A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Hair styling shampoos |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR19990044230A (en) | 1999-06-25 |
CA2230868C (en) | 2001-07-03 |
EP0850045A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
AU702759B2 (en) | 1999-03-04 |
BR9610372A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
CN1200031A (en) | 1998-11-25 |
AU6956596A (en) | 1997-03-19 |
JPH11511461A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
KR100264305B1 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
US5883058A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
MX9801579A (en) | 1998-05-31 |
CA2230868A1 (en) | 1997-03-06 |
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