WO1996017034A1 - Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box - Google Patents
Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996017034A1 WO1996017034A1 PCT/US1995/015342 US9515342W WO9617034A1 WO 1996017034 A1 WO1996017034 A1 WO 1996017034A1 US 9515342 W US9515342 W US 9515342W WO 9617034 A1 WO9617034 A1 WO 9617034A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- phosphor
- silicate
- binder
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133604—Direct backlight with lamps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
- H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
- H01J61/46—Devices characterised by the binder or other non-luminescent constituent of the luminescent material, e.g. for obtaining desired pouring or drying properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to phosphor binders, and particularly to phosphor binders for use in a backlight for liquid crystal display (LCD) devices.
- Obtaining the maximum light energy output for a given power input to a fluorescent lamp used as a backlight in an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) is an important operational feature in this type of display system.
- AMLCD devices transmit very little of the backlight provided.
- For a color AMLCD only 2.5 to 4% of the backlight passes through the AMLCD.
- monochrome applications up to 12% of the backlight passes through the LCD.
- the lumens (light out) per watt (light in) conversion in a LCD backlight system can be taken as a measure of efficiency for a fluorescent lamp backlight system. As may be appreciated, it is desirable to maximize the energy efficiency of a fluorescent lamp backlight system.
- Light produced by a conventional fluorescent lamp is a result of excited phosphor exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light energy, e.g., generated from a mercury arc stream passing through a tube having phosphor bound on its inner surface.
- UV light energy e.g., generated from a mercury arc stream passing through a tube having phosphor bound on its inner surface.
- Fluorescent lamps typically used in backlighting an LCD device, provide the best lumens per watt conversion efficiency relative to other practical light sources. Despite this highly efficient character of fluorescent lamps relative to other types of lighting devices, further improvement in the efficiency of LCD backlights is desired.
- One aspect of efficient use of energy applied to a fluorescent lamp in an LCD backlight system requires use of as much of the UV light as possible in exciting the phosphor molecules to produce visible light.
- Fluorescent coatings in conventional fluorescent lamp manufacturing, result from a phosphor-binder slurry drawn into a glass tube, i.e., lamp envelope, then allowed to run out of the tube.
- the residual slurry material i.e., that left on the interior walls of the glass tube, is refined through high temperature baking to remove binder material that would otherwise absorb UN light and cause a loss in light output, i.e., a loss in UV photons which could be otherwise used to excite the phosphor particles.
- the result of this phosphor coating process is a moderately uniform layer of phosphor on the inside of the tube.
- the prevailing rule for manufacturing fluorescent lamps is that a relatively thin phosphor coating is preferred and more practical than relatively thick phosphor coatings. High volume manufacturing processes generally will not support an optimum phosphor coating thickness.
- a portion of the binding material can remain in the phosphor coating and absorb available UV light energy.
- the energy of the UV light absorbed by the residual binding material represents a loss or inefficiency because it does ⁇ » . contribute to phosphor excitation in production of visible light.
- Conventional fluorescent lamp backlight technology has used a lacquer-type of binder that must be baked out of the phosphor coating. If not fully removed, this can result in residue on the surface of the phosphor contaminating the arc stream and causing a loss in efficiency and shorter lamp life.
- the problem of residual phosphor binding material has not been particularly significant in conventional fluorescent lamps.
- the phosphor coating in a standard tubular glass fluorescent lamp can be baked at relatively high temperatures, e.g., 400 - 500 centigrade, to remove virtually all of the organic binder material.
- This relatively high temperature baking step leaves little or no residual binder material, and therefore provides a process for eliminating loss due to UV light absorption by residual phosphor binding material.
- LCD backlight devices are desirably constructed of materials other than high-temperature resistent materials, e.g., desirably constructed from plastic material. Accordingly, conventional manufacturing materials and processes for establishing a phosphor coating are not acceptable with respect to use in such LCD backlights.
- Ultraviolet photons are easily absorbed by most materials considered suitable for use as. a binder for phosphor coatings in fluorescent lamps. Absorption of UV energy that otherwise has the potential to make visible light results in a significant loss in efficiency of fluorescent lamps regardless of their shape and construction. It is desirable, therefore, that a binder material be provided for fluorescent lamps which binds phosphor particles to a surface, but does not require high temperature baking to remove residual material yet still absorbs little or not UV light energy. UV light energy is then applied efficiently to the excitation of phosphor particles to produce visible light and thereby enhance the overall efficiency of the LCD backlight.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a selected binder for use in the attachment of phosphor particles in a fluorescent lamp.
- the selected binder tends to absorb less UV light energy than prior phosphor binding materials. As result, more of the available UV light energy is used in creating visible light, especially as a backlight for an LCD display.
- ethyl silicate serves to form a binder slurry in which phosphor particles are first suspended and then applied to a surface exposed to UV light in the production of visible light.
- Ethyl silicate is particularly well suited for this purpose because of its unique curing and resultant optical properties. This silicate compound is non-hydrolized, with curing accomplished via introduction of water vapor in the cure process.
- Alternate binder materials include a variety of common organo-silicate compounds, notably including methyl silicate and isopropyl silicate.
- FIG. 1 illustrates in perspective a light box used as a backlight for a flat panel display and including a phosphor binder according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the light box of FIG. 1 as taken along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method of manufacturing an LCD light box using the phosphor binder of the present invention.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a fluorescent lamp having a phosphor coating bound together by a binding material absorbing relatively less UV light energy than other conventional phosphor binders.
- a light box 10 includes an opaque, open top plastic enclosure 12 and a transparent exit window 18. Exit window 18 may be comprised of a variety of transparent materials, e.g., including glass and plastic.
- a serpentine shaped ultra violet (UN) light source 16 producing UV light impinging upon a phosphor coating 14 attached to the interior-facing surface 18a of window 18 and, if desired, to the interior-facing floor surface 12a and interior-facing wall surfaces 12b.
- the UV light produced by light source 16, upon striking the coating 14, produces visible diffuse light for application to the exit window 18 and flat panel LCD device 17.
- a flat panel LCD device 17 (shown partially and only in FIG. 1) is positioned against the exterior-facing surface 18b of window 18. Visibility of images presented on the LCD device is improved by the backlight provided by light box 10.
- the light box 10 may be constructed from a variety of materials, but in the preferred embodiment would be constructed from lightweight plastic material.
- ethyl silicate has been selected for use as a binder in which phosphors are suspended and then applied to the inside of light box 10 used as an LCD backlight.
- This particular compound was selected for its unique curing and resultant optical properties.
- Similar alternatives include a variety of common organo-silicate compounds. For example, methyl silicate and isopropyl silicate may be substituted for ethyl silicate.
- Si is ethyl silicate
- 2H 2 O is two water molecules
- 4(C 2 H5OH) is four molecules of ethyl alcohol
- SiO 2 is silicon oxide.
- oven temperature and humidity levels can vary according to various manufacturing criteria. For example, oven temperature may be in the range of 50 -60 centigrade with a baking time on the order of several hours. Alternatively, an oven temperature of 100 - 150 centigrade may be used during an appropriate one hour baking interval. Generally, the process requires a temperature high enough to drive-off moisture from the phosphor and binder slurry.
- Light box 10 is constructed of formed plastic material, but these temperature and humidity conditions do not degrade light box 10 during the baking process.
- the ethanol evaporates completely from the mixture leaving in its place one molecule of pure silicon oxide.
- the silicon oxide that surrounds the phosphor particles is quartz and is transparent to UV energy generated by the mercury arc stream of the lamp 16 (primarily at wave lengths of 254 and 186 nm). Because it is transparent to UV, it allows a high level of excitation efficiency of the suspended phosphors and is less susceptible to degradation due to its exposure to UV light.
- FIG. 3 illustrates generally the manufacturing steps employed for the light box 10, in particular the application of the phosphor coating 14 to the enclosure 12. As may be appreciated, similar steps are applied in attaching a phosphor coating 14 to the interior-facing surface of exit window 18.
- a phosphor source 50 and a binder source 52 provide corresponding phosphor and binder materials to a binder slurry bin 54.
- the output 54a of binder slurry bin 54 is applied to each enclosure 12, i.e., poured into the interior of enclosure 12 to coat the interior-facing walls thereof. Excess slurry is then returned by way of path 56 and return slurry bin 58 to the binder slurry bin 54.
- enclosure 12 carry an uncured phosphor coating 14.
- Enclosure 12 is then placed in a curing oven 60 including temperature control 62 and humidity control 64. Enclosure 12 remains in oven 60 for sufficient time to drive off any moisture in the phosphor slurry, thereby resulting in a phosphor coating 14 as described herein having residual binder material transparent to UV light.
- the phosphors are suspended in the ethyl silicate and no chemical reaction occurs that would alter the emission characteristics of the phosphors.
- the cure process does not manufacture or result in any residual materials on the phosphor coating and the atmosphere in the light box is not contaminated. Excitation efficiency of the phosphors is maximized because of the high optical transmission properties of the silicon oxide to the UV energy.
- coating the phosphors with ethyl silicate provides moisture resistance further extending the life of phosphors when exposed to humid environments.
- a fluorescent lamp may be produced without requiring relatively high temperature baking to remove residual phosphor binding material.
- relatively low temperature baking of organo silicate compounds e.g., ethyl silicate, methyl silicate, and isopropyl silicate, results in a relatively pure oxide transparent to UV light.
- organo silicate compounds e.g., ethyl silicate, methyl silicate, and isopropyl silicate
- binding material is of such chemical composition as to decompose appropriately at moderate temperatures to form pure silicated oxide as a residual binder material.
- the resulting residual material has a high UV light transmittance across a broad frequency spectrum.
- the residual binder does not generally decompose into a material which absorbs either ultra violet light or visible light.
- the residual binding material under the present invention has a longer product life for its lack of UV light abso ⁇ tion and the resulting loss in efficiency and product degradation therefrom.
- LCD backlight products are challenged in efficient use of energy applied, and the subject matter of the present invention minimizes both degradation due to UN light exposure and inefficiency due to UN light abso ⁇ tion.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8518962A JPH10511473A (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-29 | Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box |
DE69503389T DE69503389T2 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-29 | ULTRAVIOLET-TRANSPARENT BINDING AGENT FOR PHOSPHORUS LUMINOUS LIGHTBOXES |
EP95940831A EP0794990B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-29 | Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box |
CA 2205853 CA2205853A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-29 | Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34776494A | 1994-11-30 | 1994-11-30 | |
US08/347,764 | 1994-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996017034A1 true WO1996017034A1 (en) | 1996-06-06 |
Family
ID=23365184
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/015342 WO1996017034A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1995-11-29 | Ultraviolet transparent binder for phosphor fluorescent light box |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5731658A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0794990B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10511473A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69503389T2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL116092A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996017034A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19946125C1 (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2001-01-04 | Plasma Photonics Gmbh | Phosphor film, especially for low pressure discharge lamp useful e.g. for therapeutic and/or cosmetic treatment, consists of silicone elastomer with embedded phosphor particles |
CA2393794A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Robert H. Miller | Long persistent phosphor incorporated within a fabric material |
US6447537B1 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2002-09-10 | Raymond A. Hartman | Targeted UV phototherapy apparatus and method |
US6965193B2 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-11-15 | General Electric Company | Red phosphors for use in high CRI fluorescent lamps |
US20040113539A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Thomas Soules | Optimized phosphor system for improved efficacy lighting sources |
US7088038B2 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2006-08-08 | Gelcore Llc | Green phosphor for general illumination applications |
US7081637B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-07-25 | Alex Waluszko | Ultraviolet lighting platform |
US7030392B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-04-18 | Alex Waluszko | Ultraviolet lighting platform |
MX2007007445A (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2007-11-08 | Performance Indicator Llc | High-intensity, persistent photoluminescent formulations and objects, and methods for creating the same. |
US7910022B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2011-03-22 | Performance Indicator, Llc | Phosphorescent compositions for identification |
US7358542B2 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2008-04-15 | Lumination Llc | Red emitting phosphor materials for use in LED and LCD applications |
US7497973B2 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2009-03-03 | Lumination Llc | Red line emitting phosphor materials for use in LED applications |
US7648649B2 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2010-01-19 | Lumination Llc | Red line emitting phosphors for use in led applications |
US20070114562A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Gelcore, Llc | Red and yellow phosphor-converted LEDs for signal applications |
US7274045B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2007-09-25 | Lumination Llc | Borate phosphor materials for use in lighting applications |
US7547894B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2009-06-16 | Performance Indicator, L.L.C. | Phosphorescent compositions and methods for identification using the same |
TW200831658A (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-08-01 | Kismart Corp | Wavelength converting structure and manufacture and use of the same |
US7847309B2 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2010-12-07 | GE Lighting Solutions, LLC | Red line emitting complex fluoride phosphors activated with Mn4+ |
US7842128B2 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2010-11-30 | Performance Indicatior LLC | Tissue marking compositions |
US8039193B2 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2011-10-18 | Performance Indicator Llc | Tissue markings and methods for reversibly marking tissue employing the same |
US8425065B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2013-04-23 | Xicato, Inc. | LED-based illumination modules with thin color converting layers |
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US5310504A (en) * | 1991-08-21 | 1994-05-10 | Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. | Phosphor slurry composition for color Braun tubes |
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-
1995
- 1995-11-22 IL IL11609295A patent/IL116092A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-29 EP EP95940831A patent/EP0794990B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-29 DE DE69503389T patent/DE69503389T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-29 JP JP8518962A patent/JPH10511473A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-29 WO PCT/US1995/015342 patent/WO1996017034A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-10-31 US US08/740,619 patent/US5731658A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1011922A (en) * | 1961-08-15 | 1965-12-01 | Philips Electronic Associated | Improvements in or relating to improving the adherence of granular material to a support |
US3586471A (en) * | 1969-11-19 | 1971-06-22 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Photoflash lamp |
US5310504A (en) * | 1991-08-21 | 1994-05-10 | Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. | Phosphor slurry composition for color Braun tubes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0794990A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
DE69503389D1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
US5731658A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
IL116092A0 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
EP0794990B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
IL116092A (en) | 2000-06-29 |
DE69503389T2 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
JPH10511473A (en) | 1998-11-04 |
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