WO1996013942A1 - Illumination system for displays panels - Google Patents
Illumination system for displays panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996013942A1 WO1996013942A1 PCT/US1995/013769 US9513769W WO9613942A1 WO 1996013942 A1 WO1996013942 A1 WO 1996013942A1 US 9513769 W US9513769 W US 9513769W WO 9613942 A1 WO9613942 A1 WO 9613942A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- display
- phase
- wavelength
- providing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0994—Fibers, light pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133504—Diffusing, scattering, diffracting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
- H01L28/75—Electrodes comprising two or more layers, e.g. comprising a barrier layer and a metal layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3108—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators by using a single electronic spatial light modulator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/55—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
- H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
- H04N5/7441—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal the modulator being an array of liquid crystal cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
- Y10S359/90—Methods
Definitions
- light from a spectrally broad source is collected by a condensing lens and illuminates a spatial light modulator system.
- the spatial light modulator system comprises a two-dimensional array of pixels and the amount of light transmitted through each pixel is controlled electronically.
- a projection lens then images the array of pixels on a viewing screen, the magnification of the displayed image being determined by the particular characteristics of the projection lens.
- the light impinging on each pixel of the spatial light modulator is spectrally broad (i.e., white light) . Therefore, unless the system is modified to distinguish colors, the display is only capable of displaying black and white images.
- each pixel of the spatial light modulator is divided into three sub-pixels having equal areas.
- Each of the three sub- pixels is covered with a micro-color filter having a different spectral transmittance.
- the filters are chosen such that one filter transmits only red light, another filter only green light, and the third filter only blue light.
- the transmittances of the three sub-pixels of each pixel of the spatial light modulator can be controlled independently, resulting in the ability to display a color image.
- the inefficiency of the approach can be seen by considering the following factors.
- the light illuminating a full pixel essentially is white light and, consequently, the light impinging each sub-pixel is also white light.
- the red filtered sub-pixel transmits only red light, absorbing all of the incident green and blue light.
- the other two sub-pixels transmit only its corresponding color, absorbing the other two colors. It is apparent that this approach utilizes, at most, only one third of the available light impinging on the modulator, and absorbs the rest .
- the invention relates to a color projection display in which received light, having a relatively broad spectrum, illuminates a multi-level optical phase grating so as to disperse each of the color components contained therein into a plurality of different diffraction orders.
- the diffraction orders of each color component are then focussed onto a zero-order phase shift element which phase shifts only the undiffracted light (i.e., the zero diffraction order) with respect to the diffracted light (i.e., the higher level diffraction orders) .
- the output of the zero-order phase shifter is then imaged onto a display having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having sub-pixel regions assigned to transmit different color components of light.
- the depths of the phase grating element and the zero-order phase shifter are suitably selected so they are practical for manufacture and so the area of chromaticity space for the color components at the image plane is maximized.
- a broad spectrum light source illuminates a multilevel optical phase element which disperses the broad spectrum light from the light source by diffraction.
- a display having a number of pixel elements, each capable of transmitting a predetermined spectral region, is positioned within the near field region of the multilevel optical phase element so as to receive the light dispersed by the multilevel phase element.
- the multilevel phase element is periodic in two dimensions, thereby concentrating the light in two dimensions.
- a method for displaying a color image includes illuminating a multilevel optical phase element with a broad spectrum light source.
- the multilevel phase element disperses light from the light source by diffraction.
- a display having a plurality of pixel elements, each transmitting a predetermined spectral region, is positioned within the near field region of the multilevel optical phase element to receive the dispersed light from the multilevel optical phase element.
- FIGs. 1 and 1A are block diagrams of an embodiment of a display system using the technique of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of the multilevel optical phase element
- FIG. 2A is a perspective diagram of another embodiment of a multilevel optical phase element of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a graph of optimized phase grating depths of three phase levels for a normalized pixel dimension for red, green and blue color channels;
- FIG. 4 shows the effective phase grating depths of three phase levels for a normalized pixel dimension for the wavelengths of the red, green and blue color components
- FIG. 5 shows the percent efficiencies of the spectral content for the red, green and blue color components
- FIG. 6 shows the area of the chromaticity space covered when using a particular embodiment of the invention on a standard 1976 CIE chromaticity graph space
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a display system of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of yet another embodiment of a display system of the invention.
- FIGs. 9 and 9A are block diagrams of a multilevel phase element and its complex conjugate, respectively.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a lithographic method of fabricating the phase plates.
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a direct writing method of fabricating the phase plate.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a deposition method of fabricating the phase plates.
- FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of a constant amplitude wavefront interfacing with an aperture in a mask element.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive display system employing a mask element.
- FIG. 15 is a foreshortened cross sectional schematic diagram of the masked plate 110 of FIG. 14.
- FIGs. 16A-16B are schematic front views of the masked plate 110 of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective cross sectional schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the invention employing a reflective box light source as a backlight.
- FIGs. 18A-18B are foreshortened cross sectional views of the masked plate 210 of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrated a preferred embodiment of a display system having a light pipe.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a display system having multiple light sources .
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a display system having a changed aspect ratio.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of display system having a multiple aperture light pipe in accordance with the invention.
- the novel technique of the invention can be considered, in' a conceptual sense, as effectively concentrating all of the light of each color component in a received spectrally broad light onto appropriate sub-pixel regions at a color image plane.
- all of the incident red light is concentrated in a manner such that it only illuminates the sub-pixel regions corresponding to the red component thereof
- all of the incident green light is concentrated in a manner such that it only illuminates the sub-pixel regions corresponding to the green component thereof
- all of the incident blue light is concentrated in a manner such that it only illuminates the sub-pixel regions corresponding to the blue component thereof.
- the invention achieves such light utilization based on a technique referred to as aperture filling.
- Aperture filling is described, for example, in the article, "Aperture filling of phase-locked laser arrays" by G.J. Swanson et al . , Optics Letters, Vol. 12, April 1987.
- This article describes a method for increasing the energy in the central lobe of a far-field pattern of a phase-locked laser array.
- the underlying physics of this technique is modified and extended in a unique manner to solve the color display problem of light utilization.
- a binary amplitude grating (a grating having a transmittance of 1 or 0) with a fill factor (the ratio of the transmitting area to the total area) of greater than or equal to 0.25, has, aside from a phase shift of the zero order, a Fourier transform identical to that of a binary phase grating having the same fill-factor as the binary amplitude grating.
- FIGs. 1 and 2 A system embodying the technique in accordance with the invention is shown in FIGs. 1 and 2, wherein a multi-level, e.g., a three-level, phase grating is illuminated with a spectrally broad light from a source 10, such as a tungsten halogen bulb or a xenon arc lamp.
- a source 10 such as a tungsten halogen bulb or a xenon arc lamp.
- the light source may comprise three separate color component sources.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- laser sources each emitting a separate color such as red, green, and blue color components.
- the illuminating source 10 whether a single broad spectrum source or separate color sources, primarily includes color components of the three wavelength regions, e.g., red, green, and blue.
- the lateral dimension of each phase level in one embodiment, is assumed to be equal to the lateral dimension of a sub-pixel region of the spatial light modulator.
- FIG. 1A shows only two greatly magnified grating periods, each having corresponding three phase depth levels, occupying the entire aperture. It should be understood that a large plurality of grating periods, each corresponding to a pixel of the overall color image, would normally occupy an aperture.
- a first phase depth level measured with respect to a second phase depth level at each grating period of the phase grating 11 is equal to an integral number of wavelengths of red light plus one-third of such wavelength, i.e. (m+0.33), where m is an integer
- the third phase depth level, again measured with respect to the second phase depth level is an integer multiple of the wavelength of red light
- the red light that is illuminating a three-level phase grating will in effect encounter a binary phase grating with a fill-factor of 33%, and a phase depth of 0.33 wavelengths.
- the red light will be dispersed from the phase grating 11 into a zero diffraction order and a plurality higher level positive and negative diffraction orders which are focussed on a zero- order phase shifter 13 via lens 12. If the zero diffraction order (undiffracted) is then phase shifted by about 0.33 wavelengths of red light by phase shifter 13, the red light exiting the system will be concentrated via a lens 14 so as to fill only 33% of the output imaging plane 15 (FIG. 1A) .
- the same methodology as applied above to the red light range can also be applied to the green and blue light ranges.
- the second phase depth level at each grating period equals zero wavelengths of green light by definition, and the first and third phase depth levels equal (n - 0.33) and (n' - 0.33) wavelengths of green light, respectively, wherein n and n' are integers.
- the green light illuminating the phase grating 11 alsc effectively encounters a binary phase grating with a fill- factor of 33%, and a phase depth of 0.33 wavelengths.
- the green light exiting the system is concentrated so as to fill the 33% of the output imaging plane that is adjacent to the 33% of the output plane occupied by the red light (FIG. 1A) .
- the phase depth of level of each grating period equals (p'+.33) wavelengths of blue (where p' is an integer)
- the first phase depth level is an integer multiple of wavelengths of blue light.
- the blue light illuminating the grating also in effect encounters a binary phase grating with a fill-factor of 33%, and a phase depth of 0.33 wavelengths of blue light. If the zero diffraction order is also effectively shifted by about 0.33 wavelengths, the blue light exiting the system is concentrated so as to fill the remaining 33% of the imaging plane not occupied by the red light and the green light (FIG. 2) .
- the above conditions for three discrete wavelengths can in theory be met to any level of accuracy.
- the accuracy is limited by the physical depths of the grating levels that can be practically manufactured.
- the system can be designed to operate over the entire visible spectrum, rather than at only three discrete wavelength regions.
- the area of chromaticity space spanned by a particular embodiment of the invention depends on the relative depths of the three phase level regions of each grating period corresponding to each pixel, and the depth of the zero- order phase shifter. Since the phase depths are relative, and measured with respect to the second phase depth level, the second phase depth level is zero by definition, thereby leaving three variables: the depths of phase levels 1 and 3 with respect to phase level 2, and the depth of the zero order phase shifter. These three parameters in effect define the performance of the overall system, with the measure of performance being defined as the area of chromaticity space that is so covered. The three depth parameters are most easily optimized by performing a "global search" process that spans the range of practicable manufacturable depths.
- phase shift « m + 0.33
- phase shift ⁇ G n - 0.33
- p m, n, and p are all integers.
- phase shifts are:
- phase shift ⁇ * m '
- phase shift ⁇ G n ' - 0.33
- phase shift ⁇ B 2 p ' + 0.33
- m' , n' , and p' are all integers.
- phase shifter having a depth of d 4 , a phase shift of about one-third wavelength of each color is required so that at the phase shifter:
- ⁇ can be assumed at a conventional value, for example, of 1.5.
- those in the art can then utilize a well known global search algorithm technique, in which the values of the depths d x , d 3 , and d 4 are changed in steps, ⁇ d, of approximately 0.01 ⁇ m, and used to determine in each case the area of the chromaticity space that can be spanned for each set of parameters.
- the depths d l f d 3 , and d 4 for the solution providing a maximized area can then be used as the practical physical depths for the three phase level regions at each phase grating period and the practical physical depth of the zero-order phase shifter 13.
- such a process was used to determine the three optimum depth parameters for a system operating with a uniform spectral source covering a 0.40-0.68 ⁇ wavelength region, using both multilevel phase grating and zero-order phase shift substrates assumed to have an index of refraction of 1.5.
- Exemplary results for optimized sub- pixel phase grating depths of an exemplary pixel having a normalized pixel dimension are shown in FIG. 3, with the red channel having a phase grating depth 16 of 1.84 ⁇ m relative to the green channel, and the blue channel having a phase grating depth 17 of 4.0 ⁇ m relative to the green channel .
- phase grating depths (modulo one-wave) of the three sub-pixels at these three phase level regions are shown in FIG. 4, where the solid line IB represents red, the dashed line 19 represents green, and the dot-dash line 20 represents blue. It should be noted that in the first sub-pixel region, the phase grating depth for red is approximates one-third wavelength of red light, and the phase grating depths for green and blue are essentially zero.
- the effective phase grating depth for the green approximates one-third wavelength of green light, and the phase grating depths for red and blue are approximately zero.
- the effective phase grating depth for blue approximates one-third wavelength of blue light, while the phase grating depths for red and green are approximately zero.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a multilevel phase element which repeats periodically in the x-direction.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a multilevel phase element which repeats periodically in both the x and y directions. Such a configuration permits the incident light to be compressed both in the x-direction, as in the prior embodiment, and also in the y-direction. Methods for forming such multilevel phase elements are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the red channel efficiency peaks at the wavelength of 0.66 ⁇ m
- the green channel efficiency peaks at 0.54 ⁇ m
- the blue channel efficiency peaks at 0.46 ⁇ m.
- the red channel has a secondary peak in the far blue region of the spectrum. This blue light, in effect "leaking" into the red channel, tends to limit the area covered in chromaticity space. In some cases, it may be desired or required to remove this unwanted blue light from the red channel by conventionally filtering the red channel and such removal can be achieved with a blue-blocking micro-filter, albeit at the cost of losing a minimal amount of the blue light energy.
- FIG. 6 shows a standard 1976 CIE chromaticity space graph 25 which is well known to the art.
- the area of the chromaticity space spanned by the embodiment discussed above is depicted by three vertices of a triangle, defined by the plus signs, in the graph. This area will be covered using essentially 100% of the received source illumination.
- Another embodiment of the invention does not require either the zero-order phase plate 13 or the auxiliary optics 12, 14 of the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
- a broad spectrum light source illuminates a multilevel optical phase element which disperses the broad spectrum light from the light source into diffraction orders.
- a modulation display having a number of pixel elements, each capable of transmitting a predetermined spectral region, is positioned within the near field region of a multilevel optical phase element so as to receive the light dispersed by the multilevel phase element .
- the free-space propagation of light from the multilevel phase element produces a 1/3 wavelength phase shift of the undiffracted light with respect to the diffracted light. Because of this, the phase plate 13 and auxiliary optical elements 12, 14, which were required to produce the same zero-order phase shift in the previous embodiment, are not required in this embodiment .
- T is the grating period
- a 0 is the amplitude of the undiffracted light
- a n is the amplitude coefficients of the various diffracted orders
- n is an indexing parameter. If a unit amplitude plane wave illuminates this phase grating, the light amplitude distribution, U z , at a distance Z from the grating plane is described by:
- a distance, Z 1/3 is defined by the equation: 2 2 J l/3 3 ⁇
- ⁇ is the central wavelength of the spectral distribution.
- the resulting phase shift (for all values of n that do not result in an integer when divided by 3) is equal to an integer number of wavelengths plus 1/3 wavelength. Because the integer number of waves of phase shift are irrelevant, all of the values of n (that do not result in an integer when divided by 3) effectively see a 1/3 wave phase shift with respect to the undiffracted light. For values of n that do result in an integer when divided by 3, the result is an integer number of wavelengths of phase shif . However, for the grating described above, all the values of a n (for n divisible by 3) are zero.
- the net result of free-space propagation over the distance Z 1/3 is to produce a light distribution where the undiffracted light is phase-shifted by 1/3 wavelength with respect to the diffracted light. It is at this location that the modulation display, such as a liquid crystal light modulator, is placed. With such a positioning, no phase shift element 13 or additional optics 12, 14 are needed. It should be noted that the propagation distance Z 1/3 is a function of wavelength. Therefore, the free-space propagation just discussed is strictly accurate at only one wavelength. However, acceptable performance over the whole visible spectrum may be achieved by choosing the Z 1/3 distance to correspond to the wavelength at the center of the spectrum. That is, Z 1/3 should be chosen such that
- ⁇ long is the longest wavelength of interest and ⁇ short is the shortest wavelength of interest.
- an illumination source 10' has a dimension (for purposes of discussion referred to as the x-dimension) of S c .
- a condensing lens 30 having a focal length of F c is positioned adjacent the illumination source 10', at a distance of F c . This configuration results in an angular source extent in the x- dimension of ⁇ « S c /F c .
- ⁇ T - 23L ⁇ moni ⁇ c where ⁇ 0 is the center wavelength.
- ⁇ 0 the center wavelength.
- the center wavelength is .55 micrometers
- the grating period is 48 micrometers
- a source 10' with a physical dimension smaller than most commercially available broad-spectrum incoherent sources should be used to obtain good performance.
- the modulation display is preferably placed at a distance Z 1/3 from the multilevel phase element 11.
- an embodiment which increases the extended source performance includes a lenslet array 40 (in one embodiment cylindrical lenslets) , placed between the condensing lens 30 and the multilevel phase element 11.
- the focal length of each lenslet 42 is F m
- the distance between the lenslet array 40 and the multilevel phase element 11 is Z s + F m .
- Z s is the distance between the imaged source 22 and the multilevel phase element 11.
- Each lenslet 42 focusses an image 44 of the extended source, S c ,.. at a distance F m from the lenslet array 40.
- the first exponential term in the series is the wavefront curvature introduced by the lenslet 42.
- the first exponential term after the summation sign represents the phase shifts incurred by the various diffraction orders. Again, what is desired is for all of the phase shifts for value of n which do not result in integers, when divided by three, be equal to 1/3 wave. For this to be the case, Z must be given by the expression:
- T is the periodicity of said multilevel optical phase element
- Z s is equal to the distance between said multilevel optical phase element and said lenslets minus the focal length of said lenslets
- ⁇ long is the longest wavelength of interest
- ⁇ short is the shortest wavelength of interest
- the distance, Z approaches Z 1/3 , as is expected.
- the optimum Z distance is greater than the plane wave distance Z 1/3 .
- magnification factor is greater than one.
- the new period of the image pattern is, T n : 3 ⁇ Z T
- the fractional blur, with the lenslet array 40 in position can be directly related to the fractional blur, b/T, without the lenslet array 40, according to the expression:
- the reduction factor of the blurring is the ratio F m /Z s .
- the multilevel phase element 11' shown in FIG. 9, and discussed above with respect to FIG. 3, includes a double step having an aggregate height of 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the first step is 1.84 ⁇ m measured from the base of the phase element and the second step is 2.16 ⁇ m measured from the top of the first step to the top of the phase element.
- a phase element constructed with these dimensions functions as described above. If instead of the phase element 11' shown, a complex conjugate phase element 11' ' as shown in FIG. 9A is constructed, the complex conjugate phase element 11' ' performs equivalently to the phase element 11' .
- phase element 11' ' as a complex conjugate phase element becomes readily apparent if the complex conjugate phase element 11' ' is placed adjacent the phase element 11' such that the steps are aligned. Light passing through both phase elements is unaffected, and thus, just as the integration of a wavefunction by its complex conjugate equals one, phase element 11' ' acts as the complex conjugate to phase element 11, thereby permitting the incident light to pass both elements through unaffected.
- phase element 11' Unlike the phase element 11'., the complex conjugate phase element 11' ' Z 1/3 is defined by.
- ⁇ is the central wavelength of the spectral distribution.
- Acceptable performance over the whole visible spectrum may be achieved by choosing the Z 13 distance to correspond to the wavelength at the center of the spectrum.
- T is the periodicity of said multilevel optical phase element
- Z s is equal to the distance between said multilevel optical phase element and said lenslets minus the focal length of said lenslets
- ⁇ long is the longest wavelength of interest
- ⁇ shorc is the shortest wavelength of interest.
- phase plates can be fabricated using a number of techniques including, but not limited to, lithography, direct writing, deposition, diamond turning, grating ruling engine, or laser ablation.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a lithographic method of fabricating the phase plates.
- the phase plate is preferably fabricated using a lithographic mask along with standard photoresist and etching techniques used in semiconductor fabrication processes.
- an optical substrate which will become the phase plate
- a lithographic mask is then used to selectively expose the photoresist over desired areas of the substrate.
- the photoresist is then developed, where it is removed from the exposed areas.
- the substrate is then etched by one of many etching processes (e.g., reactive ion etching, ion milling, chemical wet etch) to the desired depth of one of the phase levels .
- etching processes e.g., reactive ion etching, ion milling, chemical wet etch
- the residual photoresist is then washed off, leaving the substrate surface with two phase levels.
- Repeating the above procedure for a second lithographic mask results in a substrate having three phase levels. The process can be continued until the desired number of phase levels are achieved.
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a direct writing method of fabricating the phase plate.
- Direct writing is a variation of the above fabrication procedure to expose the photoresist .
- Direct writing refers to the process whereby an exposing beam, such as electron or laser beam, is scanned across the surface of the substrate. The beam is turned on or off depending on whether or not the photoresist is to be exposed at the particular substrate location.
- the first direct writing method uses direct writing to essentially duplicate the lithographic mask technique. Each direct write iteration results in an addition of a phase level to the substrate surface.
- a second method of • direct writing varies the expose energy of the exposing beam as a function of position. In other words, instead of simply turning the beam on or off, the beam energy can be modulated to the correct gray scales in the photoresist. This process will result in a photoresist profile that has as many levels as the desired phase plate. If done properly, a single etching step results in the photoresist profile being transferred onto the substrate.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a deposition method of fabricating the phase plates.
- phase levels are deposited onto the substrate surface, rather than etched into the substrate.
- the optical substrate is coated with a layer of photoresist.
- a lithographic mask is then used to selectively expose the photoresist over the desired areas of the substrate.
- the photoresist is then developed, where it is removed from the exposed areas.
- Material is then deposited on the surface of the substrate by one of many deposition processes (e.g., evaporation, sputtering) to the desired depth of one of the phase levels.
- the residual photoresist is then washed off leaving a substrate surface with two phase levels .
- the above procedure can be repeated with a second lithographic mask which leaves a substrate with three phase levels. The process can be continued until the desired number of phase levels are achieved.
- Any of the above processes can be used to fabricate a master element.
- the master element can then be used to produce a mold from which numerous replicas can be made.
- Potential replication processes include injection molding, compression molding, embossing, and precision glass molding.
- lenslet array Although the lenslet array described above is optically efficient, they require a complex fabrication process. Consequentially lenslets are expensive to manufacture. An optical system is therefore needed that uses less complex, and therefore inexpensive, optical elements. Other preferred embodiments of the invention employ a mask element in place of a lenslet array.
- FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of a constant amplitude wavefront interfacing with an aperture in a mask element.
- the mask element 50 includes an aperture or opening 56.
- the opening 56 may be either a slit or square, as will be described in further detail below.
- the opening 56 appears to be an individual light source with wavefronts 70 propagating outwardly.
- the exiting wavefront 71 is in phase, but the amplitude varies in a step fashion.
- the wavefront shifts in phase because the varying distance from the opening 56 to another image plane is manifested as a phase shift .
- the phase plate 80 disperses the incoming wavefront into wavelength components. Illustrated are red components 82, green components 84 and blue components 86 as dispersed by the phase plate 80. The dispersed color components 82, 84, 86 impinge on respective sub-pixels 92, 94, 96 of an LCD panel 90.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a transmissive display system employing a mask element .
- the display system 100 includes a light source 105, a masked plate 110-, a phase plate 120, an LCD panel 130.
- other optical elements can be disposed between the light source 105 and the phase plate 120.
- the light source 105 is preferably a lamp with a parabolic reflector.
- the parabolic reflector insures that the light source 105 generates parallel light rays.
- the parallel light rays impinge on the masked plate 110 and the wavefronts of light from the masked plate 110 impinge on the phase plate 120.
- the phase plate 120 separates the impinging light into red, green and blue wavelength components and directs those wavelength components onto respective subpixels of the liquid crystal display panel 130.
- the subpixels can be valved so as to generate a color image across the face of the display panel 130.
- the displayed image can either be projected onto a viewing surface or directly viewed by a viewer.
- FIG. 15 is a foreshortened cross sectional schematic diagram of the masked plate 110 of FIG. 14.
- the masked plate 110 includes a glass substrate 112 having an alternating pattern of mirrors 114 and openings 116 on the distal side (relative to the light source 105) .
- the mirrors 114 can alternatively be placed on the proximal side of the glass substrate 112 (relative to the light source 105) .
- the glass substrate 112 can be heat absorbing, liquid cooled, or coated on either side with an infrared and ultraviolet rejection filter.
- the glass substrate 112 can also be coated on either side with dichroic notch filters.
- the color rejection filter can be placed anywhere before the LCD panel 130, it is preferably integrated with an infrared and ultraviolet ⁇ filter as a single filter.
- the linear ratio of the area of the openings 116 relative to the mirrors 114 is 50%.
- the illustrated section only one third of the light exiting the light source 105 can exit the masked plate 110 on the first attempt.
- the mirrors 114 reflect the light back into the light source 105 to be reclaimed and reflected off from the parabolic reflector, thereby increasing the chance that an individual light ray eventually exits an opening 116 instead of being dissipated within the light source 105 and mask element 110.
- FIGs. 16A-16B are schematic front views of the masked plate 110 of FIG. 14.
- FIG. 16A illustrates a masked plate 110' having slit openings 116' between mirror bars 114' .
- FIG. 16B illustrates a masked plate 110'' having, a mirror 114'' perforated with square openings 116' ' . Regardless of which embodiment is used, there is always a 2:1 ratio of mirrors 114 to openings 116 in either or both directions.
- one third of the light from the light source 105 is passed through the masked plate 110' .
- 16B only one ninth of the light from the light source 105 (plus any reclaimed light) exits from the masked plate 110'' .
- the efficiency of the attempt to reclaim light is dependent on the quality of the mirrors 114 on the masked plate 110 and the reflectivity and shaping tolerances of the reflector of the light source 105.
- the two-dimensional grating of FIG. 16B Although less light escapes from the two-dimensional grating of FIG. 16B, that light can be concentrated onto individual pixel areas of the liquid crystal display panel 130.
- the one-dimensional grating of FIG. 16A wastes light by placing light energy in the black areas between the pixel electrodes.
- the choice between a one- dimensional grating and a two-dimensional grating is thus a system tradeoff between light collection efficiency and transmission efficiency through the LCD panel 130.
- the openings 116 in the masked plate 110 are much larger than the wavelengths of the light. Consequently, the diffraction of light from the openings 116 is limited.
- the 2:1 ratio of mirror to openings efficiently handles any diffraction by assuring that the wavefronts mesh together on the phase plate 120.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective cross sectional schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the invention employing a reflective box light source as a backlight.
- Fluorescent lamp elements 215 (or another suitable light source) are encased within a reflective box 217, which, for example, can be either a specular reflector having a mirrored inside surface or a non-specular reflector having a highly reflective white inside surface.
- Light from the reflective box 217 passes through a masked plate 210, which is fabricated as described above.
- a phase plate 220 is separated from the masked plate 210 and an LCD panel 230 is separated from the phase plate 220.
- the reflective box 217 for a LCD panel having a pixel pitch of 16-24 ⁇ m is less than 0.42 cm in thickness, the phase plate 220 is about 0.7 mm in thickness and the LCD panel 230 is about 1.5 mm thick.
- the spacings between the elements are on the order of 1 mm with a tolerance of about 0.025 mm.
- the LCD panel 230 can include one or two polarizers.
- the reflective box display system 200 can include a viewing lens for head-mounted or other direct viewing of the image formed on the LCD panel 230.
- FIGs. 18A-18B are foreshortened cross sectional views of the masked plate 210 of FIG. 17.
- the masked plate 210' , 210'' is coated with a diffusing surface to scatter incident light from the reflective box 217.
- the diffusing coating helps to more evenly distribute the light from the reflective box 217.
- the diffusing coating 218 can be on the proximal side of the glass substrate 212 (FIG. 18A) or on the distal side of the glass substrate 212 (FIG. 18B) .
- the defusing coating can also be on either side of the mirrors.
- the mask includes alternating mirrors 214 and openings 216 as described above; the openings 216 can either be one- dimensional slits or two-dimensional squares.
- the glass can be heat absorbing, coated on either side with infrared and ultraviolet rejection filters, or coated on either side with dichroic notch filters.
- a continuing problem is the need to evenly distribute light across the face of the LCD panel.
- One approach to solving this problem is to use a light pipe as will be described in more detail below.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrated a preferred embodiment of a display system having a light pipe.
- the display system 300 includes a parabolic light source 305 which is a lamp with a parabolic reflector.
- the light source can include a elliptical reflector.
- a condenser lens 310 is used to focus the light from the light source 305 through an aperture 324 of a light pipe assembly 330.
- the aperture 324 is formed in a mask 320 having blocking elements 322.
- the light pipe terminates at an abutting phase plate 340 as described above.
- the image- plane of a LCD panel 350 is separated from the image plane of the phase plate 340 by a distance z.
- a projection lens 360 projects the image form on display panel onto a viewing surface and disposed at the center of the opening to the light pipe 330.
- the light pipe assembly 330 includes four reflective surfaces 332 which cooperate to create a light guide or pipe.
- the light pipe is dimensioned so as to evenly mix the light from the aperture 324 before the light reaches the phase plate 340.
- the light pipe is a distance 1 long and has a width w. The ratio of the width w to the length 1 is
- the aperture is preferably square with a dimension d which is defined as
- the light pipe 320 is preferably a rod having a rectangular cross section and fabricated from optical glass with reflective surfaces on the peripheral surface of the rod.
- the output ratio of the light pipe 320 must match the square aperture 324 at the proximal end and the rectangular phase plate 340 at the distal end.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a display system having multiple light sources.
- the display system 400 includes a light pipe assembly 330 with a phase plate 340, an LCD panel 350 and a projector lens 360.
- the display system 400 of FIG. 20 includes multiple light sources 405 which can be used in a linear or rectangular array.
- the use of multiple lamps permits the use of small, efficient, and less expensive light sources.
- the light output of the system can be tuned by varying the number of lamps in the array. Illustrated are three lamps 405a, 405b, 405c.
- a matching lens array 408 shown in phantom may be needed to collimate the light into parallel light rays.
- a condenser lens 310 focuses the parallel light rays from the light ⁇ sources 405 onto the aperture 324 and subsequently through the light pipe 330.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a display system having a changed aspect ratio.
- the display system 500 incorporates a light pipe assembly 530 which changes the aspect ratio from a square aperture 524 to a rectangular face plate 340.
- a display system 500 is identical to the display system 300 of FIG. 19.
- the above described light pipe application requires a relatively long light pipe assembly, which restricts their application with head-mounted display systems. Instead, they are primarily useful on projection display systems. The length of the light pipe, however, can be reduced by increasing the number of apertures into the light pipe.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of display system having a multiple aperture light pipe in accordance with the invention.
- the display system 600 includes a light source 305, a condenser lens array 610 and a light pipe assembly 630.
- the light pipe assembly 630 includes a mask 620 having four apertures 624a, 624b, 624c, 624d. There is one condenser lens 610a, 610b, 610c 610d for a respective aperture 624a, 624b, 624c, 624d.
- the light pipe assembly 630 has a length 1' which is equal to 1/4. This is because the four apertures 624a,
- 624b, 624c, 624d of the mask 620 result in a corresponding decrease in the length of the light pipe 630.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8514710A JPH10509808A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-26 | Illumination system for display panel |
EP95938896A EP0788718A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-26 | Illumination system for display panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33033994A | 1994-10-27 | 1994-10-27 | |
US08/330,339 | 1994-10-27 | ||
US08/443,180 | 1995-05-17 | ||
US08/443,180 US6417967B1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-05-17 | System and method for efficient illumination in color projection displays |
US08/545,990 US6560018B1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-20 | Illumination system for transmissive light valve displays |
US08/545,980 | 1995-10-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996013942A1 true WO1996013942A1 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
Family
ID=27406726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/013769 WO1996013942A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-10-26 | Illumination system for displays panels |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US6560018B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0788718A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10509808A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2203026A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996013942A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021037437A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optical diffraction component |
Families Citing this family (252)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6674562B1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-06 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US7852545B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2010-12-14 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US8014059B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2011-09-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for charge control in a MEMS device |
US7808694B2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2010-10-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US6680792B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-20 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US20010003487A1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2001-06-14 | Mark W. Miles | Visible spectrum modulator arrays |
US6710908B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2004-03-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Controlling micro-electro-mechanical cavities |
US6560018B1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 2003-05-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Illumination system for transmissive light valve displays |
US7898722B2 (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device with restoring electrode |
US7907319B2 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 2011-03-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light with optical compensation |
US6559825B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2003-05-06 | Kopin Corporation | Display system for wireless pager |
US6677936B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2004-01-13 | Kopin Corporation | Color display system for a camera |
US6545654B2 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 2003-04-08 | Kopin Corporation | Microdisplay for portable communication systems |
US7372447B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2008-05-13 | Kopin Corporation | Microdisplay for portable communication systems |
US6486862B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2002-11-26 | Kopin Corporation | Card reader display system |
US7929197B2 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2011-04-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for a MEMS device |
US7830588B2 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2010-11-09 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of making a light modulating display device and associated transistor circuitry and structures thereof |
US6727937B1 (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2004-04-27 | Corning Incorporated | Holographic device for formation of colored, polarized and angularly separated light beams and video image projector which utilizes it |
NO305728B1 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-07-12 | Reidar E Tangen | Optoelectronic camera and method of image formatting in the same |
WO1999052006A2 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US8928967B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2015-01-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
US6587159B1 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2003-07-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Projector for digital cinema |
AU1242300A (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2000-05-29 | Kopin Corporation | Microdisplay viewer |
WO2000036583A2 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2000-06-22 | Kopin Corporation | Portable microdisplay system |
US6364487B1 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2002-04-02 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Solid state based illumination source for a projection display |
US6885404B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2005-04-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus |
US6833873B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2004-12-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus |
US6882368B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2005-04-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus |
US6980248B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2005-12-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus |
US6859229B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2005-02-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image pickup apparatus |
US6608656B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2003-08-19 | Randall D. Blanchard | Liquid crystal display device using an electrodless fluorescent lamp |
US20040100982A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2004-05-27 | Sivaram Balasubramanian | Distributed real-time operating system |
WO2003007049A1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
IT1316395B1 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2003-04-10 | Enea Ente Nuove Tec | OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR SPACE HOMOGENIZATION OF LIGHT BEAMS, SUSPENDED WITH VARIABLE SECTION. |
JP2002082652A (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2002-03-22 | Canon Inc | Image display device and method |
AU2001279276A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-14 | Neurok, Llc | Color liquid crystal display |
US6552740B1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-04-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for printing monochromatic imaging using a spatial light modulator |
US6587269B2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2003-07-01 | Cogent Light Technologies Inc. | Polarization recovery system for projection displays |
US7170480B2 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2007-01-30 | Visioneered Image Systems, Inc. | Video display apparatus |
US6657605B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-12-02 | Norton K. Boldt, Jr. | Video display apparatus |
AU2002239632A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-24 | Kopin Corporation | Display housing |
US7253852B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2007-08-07 | Kopin Corporation | Polarizer removal in a microdisplay system |
EP2309314B1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2020-12-16 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | A method and device for displaying an image |
EP1402510A2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2004-03-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device |
US7081928B2 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2006-07-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Optical system for full color, video projector using single light valve with plural sub-pixel reflectors |
US6485150B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Tunable spectral source |
GB0116446D0 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2001-08-29 | Barco Nv | Smearing reduction on lcd and lcos projectors |
TW500225U (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2002-08-21 | Kenmos Technology Co Ltd | Polarized light transfer device with light-guide tube |
US6646810B2 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-11-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Display backlighting apparatus |
US7064740B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2006-06-20 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Backlit display with improved dynamic range |
JP2003162901A (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-06 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corp | Back light and liquid crystal display |
KR100675934B1 (en) * | 2001-12-04 | 2007-02-01 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | Liquid crystal display |
US7015991B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2006-03-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Color pre-filter for single-panel projection display system |
US6955436B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2005-10-18 | Sony Corporation | Image display device and image projector apparatus |
US6574033B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-06-03 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same |
CN1639620A (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2005-07-13 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Projection device having an increased efficiency |
US8687271B2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2014-04-01 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | N-modulation displays and related methods |
WO2003077013A2 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-09-18 | The University Of British Columbia | High dynamic range display devices |
DE10216169A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-30 | Zeiss Carl Jena Gmbh | Arrangement for the polarization of light |
JP3991764B2 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2007-10-17 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Illumination device and projection display device |
EP1369731A3 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2008-02-13 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Exposure head and exposure apparatus |
JP2004133430A (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-30 | Sony Corp | Display element, display device, and micro lens array |
US7781850B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2010-08-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Controlling electromechanical behavior of structures within a microelectromechanical systems device |
US7391388B2 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2008-06-24 | Raytheon Company | Segmented spectrum imaging system and method |
US7095026B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-08-22 | L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics Corporation | Methods and apparatuses for selectively limiting undesired radiation |
US7351977B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2008-04-01 | L-3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics Corporation | Methods and systems for distinguishing multiple wavelengths of radiation and increasing detected signals in a detection system using micro-optic structures |
CN100378503C (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2008-04-02 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Lighting system with multiple light sources |
TWI289708B (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2007-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Optical interference type color display |
BRPI0409513A (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2006-04-18 | Visioneered Image Systems Inc | led area light source for emitting light of a desired color, color video monitor and methods of determining the degradation of the representative led (s) of each color and of operating and calibrating the monitor |
WO2004106980A2 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-09 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | System and method for providing a uniform source of light |
TW570896B (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-01-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A method for fabricating an interference display cell |
US7184149B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2007-02-27 | Dimensional Photonics International, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for reducing error in interferometric imaging measurements |
EP1499136A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-19 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Illumination unit, projection engine and method for generating illumination light |
US20050057442A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Olan Way | Adjacent display of sequential sub-images |
US7070301B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2006-07-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
US7242524B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-07-10 | Pc Mirage, Llc | Optical system for forming a real image in space |
JP4757201B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2011-08-24 | シャープ株式会社 | Dynamic gamma for liquid crystal displays |
US7090357B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2006-08-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Combined light source for projection display |
EP1558042A3 (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2006-06-07 | Barco N.V. | Compact projection system using multiple light sources |
US7342705B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2008-03-11 | Idc, Llc | Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure |
US7246923B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-07-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reshaping light source modules and illumination systems using the same |
US7300177B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties | Illumination system having a plurality of light source modules disposed in an array with a non-radially symmetrical aperture |
US7427146B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light-collecting illumination system |
US7119945B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2006-10-10 | Idc, Llc | Altering temporal response of microelectromechanical elements |
US7706050B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2010-04-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Integrated modulator illumination |
US7855824B2 (en) | 2004-03-06 | 2010-12-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for color optimization in a display |
FR2868551B1 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2006-08-04 | Essilor Int | OPTICAL CONDUIT FOR REALIZING AN ELECTRONIC DISPLAY ARRANGEMENT |
US7777714B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2010-08-17 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with adaptive width |
US7602369B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2009-10-13 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with colored backlight |
US7505018B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2009-03-17 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with reduced black level insertion |
US8395577B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2013-03-12 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with illumination control |
US7872631B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2011-01-18 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with temporal black point |
US7612757B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2009-11-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with modulated black point |
US20050248553A1 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2005-11-10 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Adaptive flicker and motion blur control |
US7532192B2 (en) * | 2004-05-04 | 2009-05-12 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with filtered black point |
US7222968B2 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2007-05-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Illumination system with separate optical paths for different color channels |
US7101050B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-09-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Illumination system with non-radially symmetrical aperture |
US7023451B2 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2006-04-04 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | System for reducing crosstalk |
JP2006058533A (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2006-03-02 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display |
US7390097B2 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2008-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multiple channel illumination system |
US7556836B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2009-07-07 | Solae, Llc | High protein snack product |
US7710632B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters |
US7289259B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-10-30 | Idc, Llc | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array |
US7508571B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-03-24 | Idc, Llc | Optical films for controlling angular characteristics of displays |
US7583429B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-09-01 | Idc, Llc | Ornamental display device |
US7813026B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-12 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of reducing color shift in a display |
US7920135B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-04-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for driving a bi-stable display |
US7808703B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for implementation of interferometric modulator displays |
US8362987B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2013-01-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7630123B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-12-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for compensating for color shift as a function of angle of view |
US7355780B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-04-08 | Idc, Llc | System and method of illuminating interferometric modulators using backlighting |
US7684104B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-03-23 | Idc, Llc | MEMS using filler material and method |
US7420725B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-02 | Idc, Llc | Device having a conductive light absorbing mask and method for fabricating same |
US7807488B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display element having filter material diffused in a substrate of the display element |
US7944599B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7911428B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7928928B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2011-04-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for reducing perceived color shift |
US8008736B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-08-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator device |
US7936497B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device having deformable membrane characterized by mechanical persistence |
US7719500B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays |
US7898521B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for wavelength filtering |
US7405861B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-07-29 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for protecting interferometric modulators from electrostatic discharge |
US7372613B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-05-13 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation |
US7653371B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-01-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Selectable capacitance circuit |
US7893919B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-02-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display region architectures |
US20060176241A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-08-10 | Sampsell Jeffrey B | System and method of transmitting video data |
US7373026B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-05-13 | Idc, Llc | MEMS device fabricated on a pre-patterned substrate |
US7898519B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-03-01 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Method for overdriving a backlit display |
WO2006043202A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-04-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Illumination system |
US7457547B2 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2008-11-25 | Optium Australia Pty Limited | Optical calibration system and method |
US8050512B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2011-11-01 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | High dynamic range images from low dynamic range images |
US8050511B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2011-11-01 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | High dynamic range images from low dynamic range images |
US7525528B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2009-04-28 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Technique that preserves specular highlights |
JP4741353B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2011-08-03 | バルコ・ナムローゼ・フエンノートシャップ | Polarizer, illumination system, and polarized beam generation method |
US8947465B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2015-02-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for display-mode-dependent brightness preservation |
US7961199B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-06-14 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for image-specific tone scale adjustment and light-source control |
US7800577B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2010-09-21 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics |
US7768496B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2010-08-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for image tonescale adjustment to compensate for a reduced source light power level |
US9083969B2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2015-07-14 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for independent view adjustment in multiple-view displays |
US8120570B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2012-02-21 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for tone curve generation, selection and application |
US8922594B2 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2014-12-30 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics with high frequency contrast enhancement |
US7515160B2 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2009-04-07 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for color preservation with image tone scale corrections |
US7924261B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-04-12 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for determining a display light source adjustment |
US7782405B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2010-08-24 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for selecting a display source light illumination level |
US7982707B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-07-19 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for generating and applying image tone scale adjustments |
US8004511B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-08-23 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for distortion-related source light management |
US8111265B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2012-02-07 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Systems and methods for brightness preservation using a smoothed gain image |
US8913089B2 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2014-12-16 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics with frequency-specific gain |
EP1839087A1 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2007-10-03 | Tte Technology, Inc. | Method and system for mounting a light engine assembly |
US7355800B2 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2008-04-08 | Coherent, Inc. | Apparatus for projecting a line of light from a diode-laser array |
JP4501899B2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2010-07-14 | エプソンイメージングデバイス株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and electronic device |
WO2007022314A2 (en) * | 2005-08-17 | 2007-02-22 | Illumination Management Solutions, Inc. | An improved optic for leds and other light sources |
US7771103B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2010-08-10 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Optical diffuser with IR and/or UV blocking coating |
JP2009509786A (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2009-03-12 | クォルコム・メムズ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド | MEMS device and interconnection in MEMS device |
US7795061B2 (en) | 2005-12-29 | 2010-09-14 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of creating MEMS device cavities by a non-etching process |
US7916980B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2011-03-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interconnect structure for MEMS device |
US8121401B2 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2012-02-21 | Sharp Labortories of America, Inc. | Method for reducing enhancement of artifacts and noise in image color enhancement |
US9143657B2 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2015-09-22 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Color enhancement technique using skin color detection |
US7652814B2 (en) | 2006-01-27 | 2010-01-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device with integrated optical element |
US7450295B2 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Methods for producing MEMS with protective coatings using multi-component sacrificial layers |
US7839406B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2010-11-23 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics with ambient illumination input |
US20070242197A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Transflective LC Display Having Backlight With Spatial Color Separation |
US7903047B2 (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2011-03-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Mode indicator for interferometric modulator displays |
US7711239B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2010-05-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Microelectromechanical device and method utilizing nanoparticles |
TW200809327A (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2008-02-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Transflective LC display having narrow band backlight and spectrally notched transflector |
US8004743B2 (en) | 2006-04-21 | 2011-08-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display |
US20070258312A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Memory Cell Array with Multiple Drivers |
US7649671B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-01-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator device with electrostatic actuation and release |
US7835061B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2010-11-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Support structures for free-standing electromechanical devices |
US7527998B2 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2009-05-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of manufacturing MEMS devices providing air gap control |
US7763546B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-07-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing surface charges during the manufacture of microelectromechanical systems devices |
JP5028048B2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2012-09-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | Imaging device |
US7845841B2 (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2010-12-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Angle sweeping holographic illuminator |
WO2008045207A2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light guide |
EP2366945A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2011-09-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Optical loss layer integrated in an illumination apparatus of a display |
WO2008045311A2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Illumination device with built-in light coupler |
EP1946162A2 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-07-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc | Display device with diffractive optics |
US20080106653A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-08 | Harris Scott C | Spatial Light Modulator Techniques for Stage Lighting |
US8941580B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2015-01-27 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with area adaptive backlight |
US7706042B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2010-04-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device and interconnects for same |
CN101632113B (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2012-10-03 | 杜比实验室特许公司 | Calibration of displays having spatially-variable backlight |
US7826681B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2010-11-02 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for surround-specific display modeling |
US7719752B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2010-05-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS structures, methods of fabricating MEMS components on separate substrates and assembly of same |
US20090002271A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Boundary Net, Incorporated | Composite display |
US20090323341A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-12-31 | Boundary Net, Incorporated | Convective cooling based lighting fixtures |
US7570415B2 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2009-08-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS device and interconnects for same |
US8083378B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2011-12-27 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Single color LED clusters for image generation |
US8155434B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2012-04-10 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for image enhancement |
US8345038B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2013-01-01 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for backlight modulation and brightness preservation |
US8378956B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-02-19 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for weighted-error-vector-based source light selection |
US9177509B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2015-11-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for backlight modulation with scene-cut detection |
US8068710B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2011-11-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Decoupled holographic film and diffuser |
US8169431B2 (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2012-05-01 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for image tonescale design |
US8223113B2 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2012-07-17 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for display source light management with variable delay |
US8179363B2 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2012-05-15 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for display source light management with histogram manipulation |
US8207932B2 (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2012-06-26 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for display source light illumination level selection |
US8203579B2 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2012-06-19 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for backlight modulation with image characteristic mapping |
WO2009102731A2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Devices and methods for enhancing brightness of displays using angle conversion layers |
US8049951B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2011-11-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light with bi-directional propagation |
US8531379B2 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2013-09-10 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for image compensation for ambient conditions |
US20090322800A1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Method and apparatus in various embodiments for hdr implementation in display devices |
US8416179B2 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2013-04-09 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for color preservation with a color-modulated backlight |
US20100020107A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Boundary Net, Incorporated | Calibrating pixel elements |
US20100019997A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Boundary Net, Incorporated | Calibrating pixel elements |
US20100019993A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Boundary Net, Incorporated | Calibrating pixel elements |
US9330630B2 (en) * | 2008-08-30 | 2016-05-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for display source light management with rate change control |
US9366867B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2016-06-14 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Optical systems for see-through displays |
US9298007B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2016-03-29 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Eye imaging in head worn computing |
US20100214282A1 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Apparatus for providing light source modulation in dual modulator displays |
US7864403B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2011-01-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Post-release adjustment of interferometric modulator reflectivity |
US8165724B2 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2012-04-24 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods and systems for power-controlling display devices |
US20110001737A1 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-06 | Kerofsky Louis J | Methods and Systems for Ambient-Adaptive Image Display |
US20110074803A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-03-31 | Louis Joseph Kerofsky | Methods and Systems for Ambient-Illumination-Selective Display Backlight Modification and Image Enhancement |
US8384851B2 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2013-02-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reflective display system with enhanced color gamut |
JP2013524287A (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2013-06-17 | クォルコム・メムズ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレーテッド | Mechanical layer of electromechanical device and method for forming the same |
US8848294B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2014-09-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and structure capable of changing color saturation |
US8902484B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2014-12-02 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Holographic brightness enhancement film |
US10156722B2 (en) | 2010-12-24 | 2018-12-18 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Methods and systems for displaying stereoscopy with a freeform optical system with addressable focus for virtual and augmented reality |
JP5792969B2 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2015-10-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | Optical writing head and image forming apparatus |
US8963159B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-02-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US9134527B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-09-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US20130182321A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-18 | Barry David Silverstein | Filter glasses for spectral stereoscopic projection system |
US10768449B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2020-09-08 | Imax Theatres International Limited | Stereoscopic glasses using tilted filters |
US8947424B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2015-02-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Spectral stereoscopic projection system |
US9335541B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2016-05-10 | Imax Theatres International Limited | Stereoscopic glasses using dichroic and absorptive layers |
JP5963637B2 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2016-08-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | Display device with imaging device |
WO2014083836A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | Light concentration device, solid-state image capture element, and image capture device |
US8873149B2 (en) | 2013-01-28 | 2014-10-28 | David D. Bohn | Projection optical system for coupling image light to a near-eye display |
US9841599B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2017-12-12 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Optical configurations for head-worn see-through displays |
US9594246B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2017-03-14 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | See-through computer display systems |
US9829707B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 | 2017-11-28 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Measuring content brightness in head worn computing |
US9366868B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2016-06-14 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | See-through computer display systems |
US9753288B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2017-09-05 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | See-through computer display systems |
US9766463B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2017-09-19 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | See-through computer display systems |
US9494800B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2016-11-15 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | See-through computer display systems |
US11487110B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2022-11-01 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | Eye imaging in head worn computing |
AU2015266670B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2019-05-09 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Methods and systems for displaying stereoscopy with a freeform optical system with addressable focus for virtual and augmented reality |
CA3201563A1 (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-08-04 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods having improved diffractive grating structures |
US20170242250A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-24 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Optical systems for head-worn computers |
KR20180125600A (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2018-11-23 | 매직 립, 인코포레이티드 | Systems and methods for augmented reality |
US10824253B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2020-11-03 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | User interface systems for head-worn computers |
US9910284B1 (en) | 2016-09-08 | 2018-03-06 | Osterhout Group, Inc. | Optical systems for head-worn computers |
US10466491B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2019-11-05 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | Modular systems for head-worn computers |
US10684478B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2020-06-16 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | User interface systems for head-worn computers |
KR102534128B1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2023-05-17 | 매직 립, 인코포레이티드 | Method and system for large field of view display with scanning reflector |
CN110476120B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2021-06-25 | 索尼公司 | Illumination device and projector |
US11409105B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2022-08-09 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | See-through computer display systems |
US10578869B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2020-03-03 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | See-through computer display systems with adjustable zoom cameras |
US10422995B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-09-24 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | See-through computer display systems with stray light management |
US10969584B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2021-04-06 | Mentor Acquisition One, Llc | Image expansion optic for head-worn computer |
KR101976831B1 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-10 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Personal immersion apparatus |
JPWO2019097695A1 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2020-04-02 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Display device |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152724A (en) * | 1984-01-10 | 1985-08-07 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Multicolor picture display device |
JPS62150317A (en) * | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-04 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Color liquid crystal projector |
JPS62293223A (en) * | 1986-06-12 | 1987-12-19 | Canon Inc | Color display device |
JPH02296213A (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1990-12-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
EP0421855A1 (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-04-10 | Thomson-Csf | Optical reproduction system for coloured video images |
JPH05249318A (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-09-28 | Shimadzu Corp | Color liquid crystal display device |
EP0583150A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device |
WO1995022773A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Diffractive microstructures for color separation and fusing |
Family Cites Families (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5148857B2 (en) | 1972-04-28 | 1976-12-23 | ||
GB1529711A (en) | 1975-07-01 | 1978-10-25 | Rca Corp | Optical etc phase filters producing near-field patterns |
US4105289A (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1978-08-08 | University Patents, Inc. | Apparatus and method for image sampling |
DE2645075C2 (en) | 1976-10-06 | 1985-06-20 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Optical arrangement for generating spectrally decomposed images |
DE2742596A1 (en) | 1977-09-22 | 1979-04-05 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Optical system producing overlapping colour component images - has diffraction grating decomposing incident light into raster pattern with subordinate patterns |
US4255019A (en) | 1979-04-09 | 1981-03-10 | Rca Corporation | Diffractive color filter |
DE3213839A1 (en) | 1982-04-15 | 1983-10-27 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | OPTICAL WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEX OR -DEMULTIPLEX ARRANGEMENT |
US4798440A (en) | 1983-01-24 | 1989-01-17 | Amp Incorporated | Fiber optic connector assembly |
JPH0756547B2 (en) | 1984-02-08 | 1995-06-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | Transmissive display element |
JPS60165624A (en) | 1984-02-08 | 1985-08-28 | Nec Corp | Transmission type display element |
US4649351A (en) | 1984-10-19 | 1987-03-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and method for coherently adding laser beams |
JP2754529B2 (en) | 1985-10-22 | 1998-05-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Liquid crystal device |
JPS62229322A (en) | 1986-03-28 | 1987-10-08 | Nec Corp | Magnetic disk device |
US4882619A (en) | 1986-04-07 | 1989-11-21 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | High resolution image pickup system with color dispersion means |
US4846552A (en) | 1986-04-16 | 1989-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Method of fabricating high efficiency binary planar optical elements |
JP2777989B2 (en) | 1986-06-12 | 1998-07-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | Color display |
US4747030A (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1988-05-24 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Illumination system |
US4933649A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1990-06-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Coherent aperture filling of an array of lasers |
JPS63118125A (en) | 1986-11-06 | 1988-05-23 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
US4735495A (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-04-05 | General Electric Co. | Light source for liquid crystal display panels utilizing internally reflecting light pipes and integrating sphere |
US4807978A (en) | 1987-09-10 | 1989-02-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Color display device and method using holographic lenses |
US4895790A (en) | 1987-09-21 | 1990-01-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High-efficiency, multilevel, diffractive optical elements |
US5161059A (en) | 1987-09-21 | 1992-11-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High-efficiency, multilevel, diffractive optical elements |
US4798448A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-01-17 | General Electric Company | High efficiency illumination system for display devices |
JPH01281426A (en) | 1988-05-07 | 1989-11-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal light valve and projector having liquid crystal light valve |
NL8902205A (en) | 1989-09-01 | 1991-04-02 | Philips Nv | PROJECTION SYSTEM. |
US5272551A (en) | 1989-10-03 | 1993-12-21 | Thomson-Csf | Optical system for the reproduction of color video images |
US5027359A (en) | 1989-10-30 | 1991-06-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Miniature Talbot cavity for lateral mode control of laser array |
US5124843A (en) | 1989-12-27 | 1992-06-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Array illuminator using a binary optics phase plate |
WO1991012551A1 (en) | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Lens/zone plate combination for chromatic dispersion correction |
US5089023A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1992-02-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Diffractive/refractive lens implant |
DE4010148A1 (en) | 1990-03-29 | 1991-10-02 | Siemens Ag | IMPROVEMENT FOR AN ULTRASONIC GAS / LIQUID FLOW METER |
US5033060A (en) | 1990-05-22 | 1991-07-16 | Massachusetts Institute Technology | Optical device for laser coupling and coherent beam combining |
JP2622185B2 (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1997-06-18 | シャープ株式会社 | Color liquid crystal display |
US5148157A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1992-09-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator with full complex light modulation capability |
JPH04367817A (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-21 | Canon Inc | Color image reader |
US5231432A (en) | 1991-12-03 | 1993-07-27 | Florida Atlantic University | Projector utilizing liquid crystal light-valve and color selection by diffraction |
US5233385A (en) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | White light enhanced color field sequential projection |
US5264880A (en) | 1991-12-30 | 1993-11-23 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for projecting a color image |
US5311360A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1994-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Junior University | Method and apparatus for modulating a light beam |
US5497269A (en) | 1992-06-25 | 1996-03-05 | Lockheed Missiles And Space Company, Inc. | Dispersive microlens |
US5285196A (en) | 1992-10-15 | 1994-02-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bistable DMD addressing method |
US5344447A (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1994-09-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Diffractive trifocal intra-ocular lens design |
US5430562A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1995-07-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal light valve including between light and light valve microlenses and two reflecting layers with a matrix of openings |
US5506701A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1996-04-09 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Hologram color filter, liquid crystal display device using the same, and fabrication process of hologram color filter |
US5446567A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1995-08-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Liquid crystal display with first and second aperatures where one aperature has protuberances |
EP0657760A1 (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-06-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Image simulation and projection system |
US5457493A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1995-10-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micro-mirror based image simulation system |
JPH0792328A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-04-07 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Color filter using hologram |
JPH07104276A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-04-21 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
US5452024A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1995-09-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | DMD display system |
BE1007864A3 (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-07 | Philips Electronics Nv | Image projection system. |
US5442411A (en) | 1994-01-03 | 1995-08-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Displaying video data on a spatial light modulator with line doubling |
US5448314A (en) | 1994-01-07 | 1995-09-05 | Texas Instruments | Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging |
US6560018B1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 2003-05-06 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Illumination system for transmissive light valve displays |
US5880801A (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 1999-03-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Hybrid aligned liquid crystal display employing An anodized alignment layer and method for fabrication |
US5781252A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-07-14 | Kopin Corporation | Dual light valve color projector system |
-
1995
- 1995-10-20 US US08/545,990 patent/US6560018B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-26 WO PCT/US1995/013769 patent/WO1996013942A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-10-26 CA CA002203026A patent/CA2203026A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-10-26 EP EP95938896A patent/EP0788718A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-10-26 JP JP8514710A patent/JPH10509808A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-30 US US08/565,058 patent/US5889567A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-29 US US09/280,873 patent/US6243149B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-09 US US09/829,102 patent/US6449023B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152724A (en) * | 1984-01-10 | 1985-08-07 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Multicolor picture display device |
JPS62150317A (en) * | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-04 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Color liquid crystal projector |
JPS62293223A (en) * | 1986-06-12 | 1987-12-19 | Canon Inc | Color display device |
JPH02296213A (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1990-12-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
EP0421855A1 (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-04-10 | Thomson-Csf | Optical reproduction system for coloured video images |
JPH05249318A (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1993-09-28 | Shimadzu Corp | Color liquid crystal display device |
EP0583150A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device |
WO1995022773A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Diffractive microstructures for color separation and fusing |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 383 (P - 646) 15 December 1987 (1987-12-15) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 185 (P - 710) 31 May 1988 (1988-05-31) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 79 (P - 1170) 25 February 1991 (1991-02-25) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 7 (P - 1670) 7 January 1994 (1994-01-07) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021037437A1 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optical diffraction component |
DE102019213063A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Diffractive optical component |
US11947265B2 (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2024-04-02 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optical diffraction component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2203026A1 (en) | 1996-05-09 |
US6243149B1 (en) | 2001-06-05 |
US20010048493A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
JPH10509808A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
US6449023B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
EP0788718A1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
US6560018B1 (en) | 2003-05-06 |
US5889567A (en) | 1999-03-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6560018B1 (en) | Illumination system for transmissive light valve displays | |
US10890707B2 (en) | Holographic waveguide apparatus for structured light projection | |
US10126466B2 (en) | Spatially multiplexed dielectric metasurface optical elements | |
US5682265A (en) | Diffractive microstructures for color separation and fusing | |
EP0777136B1 (en) | Color image display employing a color filter | |
US6943950B2 (en) | Two-dimensional blazed MEMS grating | |
US6069728A (en) | Display device and flat television screen using this device | |
JP2021509736A (en) | Methods for processing optical waveguides | |
JPH06230384A (en) | Display device | |
KR20200108030A (en) | System and method for high throughput recording of holographic gratings in waveguide cells | |
EP1726977A1 (en) | Hologram color filter, method for fabricating the same, and color liquid crystal display comprising it | |
WO2007130130A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for providing a transparent display | |
KR101560617B1 (en) | Light Generating Apparatus and Method For Controlling the Same | |
EP1377073A2 (en) | Illumination unit employing dichroic mirror wheel and image display system including the illumination unit | |
US6791756B2 (en) | System and method for efficient illumination in color projection displays | |
EP1341006A1 (en) | Optical element | |
CN104704407A (en) | Light guide plate comprising decoupling elements | |
US6359719B1 (en) | Optical modulator and projector | |
US6665027B1 (en) | Color liquid crystal display having diffractive color separation microlenses | |
EP3916436A1 (en) | Diffusion plate | |
WO2000050953A1 (en) | Transmission liquid crystal display | |
CN100410700C (en) | Hologram color filter, method for fabricating the same, and color liquid crystal display comprising it | |
JP3422077B2 (en) | Display device | |
JP3624534B2 (en) | Condenser / spectrometer | |
US6392806B2 (en) | Efficient illumination system for color projection displays |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2203026 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2203026 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1995938896 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1995938896 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1995938896 Country of ref document: EP |