WO1996009112A1

WO1996009112A1 - Device for generating liquid systems, in particular emulsions, suspensions or the like, in a hydrodynamic cavitation field

Info

Publication number: WO1996009112A1
Application number: PCT/EP1995/003728
Authority: WO
Inventors: Boris K. Kravets
Original assignee: Schüler, Rolf; WEIZDÖRFER, Anton; SCHÄFER, Windfried
Priority date: 1994-09-21
Filing date: 1995-09-21
Publication date: 1996-03-28
Also published as: DE4433744A1; DE4433744C2; AU3651695A

Abstract

The invention concerns a device for generating liquid systems, in particular emulsions, de suspensions or the like, in a cavitation field. The device comprises a housing (1, 18, 32) having input and output openings (2; 3) for the supply of at least one component flow and the removal of the system. The housing (1, 18, 32) further has a confuser (4), a through-flow chamber (5, 20), which is equipped with a cavitator (7, 17), and a diffuser (6) coupled in succession. The object of the invention is to provide a suitable cavitator and a suitable design for generating and controlling a high intensity for the cavitation field. This object is achieved in that the cavitator (7, 17) is in the form of a truncated cone having at least one cavity (10, 26) through which a flow can pass. A component flow from at least one cavity (10, 26) and the component flow impinging of the cavitator (7, 17) mix downstream of the cavitator (7, 17). Preferably two through-flow chambers (20, 5) are coupled to a cavitator (17, 7) in order to generate a fluid cavitated system of which part is returned in a controllable manner to the cavitator (17) which is flowed towards first.

Description

Device for producing liquid systems, in particular emulsions, suspensions or the like, in a hydrodynamic cavitation field

The invention relates to a device for producing liquid systems, in particular emulsions, suspensions or the like, in a hydrodynamic cavitation field.

A device for producing a suspension of fiber materials is described in US Pat. No. 3,834,982. The known device consists of a housing which has an inlet opening for the supply of components of a fiber material suspension and an outlet opening for the removal of the cavitated fiber material suspension as well as a confuser, a flow chamber with a cylindrical body which is difficult to flow around and which is placed in one piece Difrusor has, which are arranged one behind the other from the entrance opening and connected to each other. The component stream flows through the passage chamber with the cylinder placed in it transversely to the direction of flow, this producing a local taper of the fiber material suspension and forming a hydrodynamic cavitation field behind the cylinder, which acts on the fiber material suspension. Dispersion processes take place behind the cylinder as a result of cavitation effects that occur in the Machining fiber material suspension can be created in a targeted manner in hydrodynamic ways by rapidly changing the flow geometry through a cylinder. The cavitation consists in the formation of cavities filled with steam gas on the edge of the cylinder due to a local reduction in pressure caused by the movement of the liquid. The mixing and dispersing effect of the hydrodynamic cavitation is the result of a multitude of force effects of the bursting cavitation bubbles on the fiber-liquid mixture to be processed. The bursting of the cavitation bubbles near the boundary phase of the phase separation "liquid - fibers" is accompanied by a dispersion of the fibers in the liquid and the formation of a suspension. Here the boundary of the separation of the compact phases is destroyed, ie their erosion. A dispersion medium and a dispersion phase are formed. After this dispersion process, the encoded fiber material suspension is fed via the exit opening to an overflow vessel, from which the smaller part of the cavitated fiber material suspension is passed into an end product container and the overflowed larger part is pumped back into the inlet opening of the device via a return container.

The problem with this known device is that it lacks sufficient effectiveness in the process of dispersing the fiber materials because the intensity of the cavitation field that is created is not high enough despite pumping back the overflowed larger part of the fiber material suspension that has already cavitated. The use of an overflow vessel and the undetermined return of the overflowed part lack a defined regulation of the intensity of the cavitation field. This limits the technological application possibilities of the known device.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a device for producing liquid systems, in particular emulsions, suspensions or the like in a cavitation field, which has a suitably designed cavitator and a suitable construction which make it possible to generate a high intensity of the cavitation field and regulate this intensity. The object is achieved in that in the device according to the invention there is a housing which has an inlet opening for the supply of at least one component stream and an outlet opening for the removal of the cavitated liquid system and an inlet part, a confuser, a passage chamber with a difficult to flow around body, a Difi-usor and an output part, which are arranged one behind the other and firmly connected. The body, which is difficult to flow around, is arranged axially to the central axis of the flow chamber at an intermediate part which is fastened to the wall of the flow chamber. According to the invention, the body which is difficult to flow around is designed as a truncated cone, the large base of which is directed towards the outlet opening and which represents a combination of several partial bodies which are difficult to flow around, between each of which there is a cavity through which flow can pass. The partial bodies that are difficult to flow around are mostly physically designed surfaces, in particular the base surfaces or the lateral surface of the truncated cone. The cavities present between the partial bodies are essential. Partial bodies that are difficult to flow around also generate cavitation fields with appropriate local tapering of the component flow. If there are several partial bodies of this type, several cavitation fields are created.

Likewise, at least two cavitators arranged one behind the other (a first and a second cavitator) of different conical frustum designs in differently dimensioned flow chambers cause a superposition of cavitation fields. In a further development of the device according to the invention, a line that is mounted between the output part and the flow chamber in front of a cavitator and in which a control element is arranged can be controlled in a controllable manner, such as a defined, returned and re-inflated part of a already cavitated liquid system influences the cavitation fields behind the truncated cone areas and thus a supercavitation field as a summary cavitation field.

Because a truncated cone with at least one cavity and at least two partial bodies is placed in a flow chamber, there are at least two bodies which are difficult to flow around and which can be the starting point for two sections of a local tapering of the component flow within a passage chamber and thus of cavitation fields. The cross-sectional profile of these sections is through the Geometric dimensions of the difficult to flow around bodies and the distance between them and their position in the flow chamber defined.

These parameters will affect the geometry of the component stream and its velocity along the length of the flow chamber, which will determine the erosion activity of the cavitation field behind each of the difficult-to-flow bodies. A change in the parameters of the component flow leads to the development of hydrodynamic effects, through which pressure waves are formed, which have an intensive effect on the field of cavitation bubbles.

An advantage of the invention is that the superposition of two cavitation fields creates a supercavitation field with intensive micro-processes. Conditions are created for coordinated bursting of entire groups of cavitation bubbles on a local scale with simultaneous formation of voluminous pressure waves of high energy, the spreading of which intensifies the decay of the cavitation caverns and the bursting of entire groups of cavitation bubbles that are in the process of bursting. In the case of coordinated bursting of entire groups of cavitation bubbles with the same characteristic dimensions, the intensity and the energetic potential of the cavitation field are many times higher than with individual, uncoordinated bursting of the bubbles. In this way there is a concentration of energy and an erosion effect on the current of the components that are processed. The pressure waves exert an intensive influence on this component flow, which occur when the cavitation bubbles impact each time after the first body that is difficult to flow around against the wall of the cavitation bubbles after the second body that is difficult to flow around. In the case of the base surfaces of a truncated cone in the form of lamellae, which are designed as partial bodies, pressure waves arise on their apices, which create the conditions for the development of vibration turbulence effects on the local circumference of the passage chamber. These turbulence effects accelerate the decay of the cavitation caverns into a more uniform field with regard to the small cavitation bubbles, whereby they require a high effectiveness of their coordinated bursting. By increasing the number of lamellae arranged one behind the other in a combination to form a truncated cone, which at the same time means increasing the number of sections of local taper, by appropriately selecting the cross-sectional profile and the distance between the lamellae, the Increase the number of zones of cavitative influence on the component stream to be processed.

The invention also opens up the possibility of regulating the intensity of the resulting hydrodynamic supercavitation field according to the technological processes.

The increase in the intensity of the cavitation field and the reliability of its regulation are due to the presence of an adjustable return, the supply of components via the ejector contained in the first cavitator, the cone ratio of the two bodies which are difficult to flow around, from 15 to 75% (mostly 60%) elastic elements, which have a thickness of 0.01 - 10 mm, and the diameter ratio of the elastic elements to the lamellae of the truncated cone in the range of 0.3 - 0.9 is guaranteed.

In view of these parameters of the device according to the invention, the flow of the components to be processed is distributed uniformly in the passage chamber. It is ensured that behind each of the truncated cones and each of its sub-bodies the same hydrodynamic conditions are present for the creation of own hydrodynamic cavitation fields. The design of the bodies which are difficult to flow around in the form of truncated cones with different cone opening angles creates the condition for the fact that they generate the cavitation fields which differ in intensity. Behind each of the bodies and sub-bodies, in terms of structure and size, different, non-stationary, intermingling caverns are formed which form cavitation bubbles with a size in the area of increased pressure, which determine the structure of the cavitation fields created. These cavitation fields work with each other and ensure that the bubbles are mixed intensively and through them the flow of the components to be processed is saturated in the entire passage chamber. Due to the polydisperse structure of the cavitation fields, the individual concentration of the cavitation bubbles increases in a zone where they burst (bursting zone), which increases the cavitation effect during processing. The different diameters of the bodies and sub-bodies also cause a different frequency of tearing off the cavitation caverns which form behind these. For this reason act in the Splitting zone on the cavitation bubbles polyfrequency pressure pulses, which form the conditions for the coordinated bursting of entire groups of cavitation bubbles of the same size. The pressure waves that arise at the following cavitator increase the pressure in the bursting zone, and the broad spectrum of polyfrequent pressure pulsations not only affects the bursting cavitation bubbles, but also the cavitation cavities that mix in the stream by accelerating their destruction and thus intensify the process of mixing, dispersing or emulsifying the components to be processed.

A further advantage of the invention in the design of the truncated cones arranged one behind the other is that the longitudinal and radial resonance vibrations of the second cavitator, which arise under the influence of the cavitation field that forms behind the first cavitator, also contribute to increasing the intensity of the supercavitation field. by causing pulsations of the component flow and an intensive destruction of the boundary layer on the surface of the part bodies behind which the cavitation fields form. The dilution impulse (vacuum impulse) passes through these cavitation fields, which ensures that the cavitation bubbles that form are sufficiently large in the beginning and ultimately high potential energy. If the increased pressure pulse then passes through these cavitation fields, they burst even more rigorously. The additional potential energy accumulated makes it possible to obtain a large interphase surface of the components of the current to be processed. In addition, the pulsations of the cavitation fields, which are caused by the second cavitator and in particular by the elastic lamellae, contribute to the formation of additional cavitation bubbles in the entire flow chamber, which increases the erosion effect of these fields on the flow of the components to be processed. In order to increase the hydrodynamic cavitation effect on the component flow, the partial bodies, preferably the fins, are made from elastic, non-metallic material. But they can also be covered with a layer of elastic, non-metallic material, such as rubber. The intensification is due to the high energy potential of the cavitation fields that are created, which is intensified by the vibration of the non-metallic material and the reflection of the pressure waves. The invention can be due to the quality of the liquid systems produced in the chemical or petrochemical industry in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, insecticides and lubricating oils, in the fuel and energy industry for the production of fuel based on masute and heating oils, in mechanical engineering for the production of emulsions, lubricants and coolants, in the cosmetic industry for the production of liquid detergents and cleaning agents, lotions and vitamin preparations, in the food industry for the production of liqueurs, fruit juices, alcoholic beverages, sauces and dairy products as well as in the production of photo emulsions to use oil emulsions for a wide range of applications or for wastewater treatment using the reagent method.

Further developments and advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in further subclaims.

The invention is explained in more detail using several exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device according to the invention

Lamella combination as a truncated cone Fig. 2 schematic representation of a device according to the invention

Partial jacket body and insert in the inner cavity and Fig. 3 schematic representation of a device according to the invention with two truncated cones and controlled return.

1 shows a device according to the invention for producing liquid systems. It has a housing 1 which has an entrance opening 2 for the supply of a stream of components to be processed and an exit opening 3 for the removal of the cavitated liquid system, for example a suspension. The housing 1 includes a confuser 4, a cylindrical passage chamber 5 and a diffuser 6, which are arranged one behind the other in this order and are firmly connected to one another. In the passage chamber 5 there is a body 7 which is difficult to flow around and which comprises a combination of nine lamellae 8 arranged one behind the other and provided with an increasing cross section represents, between which elastic elements 9 are inserted axially, so that a cavity 10 is voitanden between adjacent slats 8. The combination of the lamellae 8 and the elements 9 has the shape of a truncated cone, the further vertices 11 of the lamellae 8 giving the lateral surface of a truncated cone as the envelope of the cross sections. The small base 12 of the truncated cone is directed towards the confuser 4. The lamella 8 with the largest cross section represents the large base 13 of the truncated cone 7, which is mounted on an intermediate part 15 by means of a truncated cone 14, so that the truncated cone 7 can rotate about the axis of rotation of the truncated cone 14. The intermediate part 15 is fastened to the wall of the passage chamber 5 and has openings 16 which run parallel to the axis of rotation of the truncated cone holder 14. The lamellae 8 and the wall of the flow chamber 5 each form a section of a local taper of the component flow when the component stream flows through the passage chamber 5. Due to the cavities 10 located behind each lamella 8, a spatially small cavitation field is created in each of these, which overlaps with the other cavitation fields from cavity to cavity. In the areas behind the largest lamella 8 of the truncated cone 7, a supercavitation field of high intensity is created.

In the following exemplary embodiments, the same reference symbols are used for components which have not been structurally changed and which also have no change in their function.

In such a further embodiment, the schematic representation of the device according to the invention contains a truncated cone 17 with a hollow shell part, as shown in FIG. 2. The truncated cone 17 is housed in a similar housing 18 as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1. The housing 18 has an inlet opening 2 and an outlet opening 3. The housing 18 includes a confuser 19, a passage chamber 20 and a diffuser 21, which are arranged one behind the other in this order and are firmly connected to one another. In the passage chamber 20, the truncated cone 17 is fastened by means of a truncated cone 30 axially to the central axis 31 of the passage chamber 20 at an intermediate part 22 which is firmly connected to the wall of the passage chamber 20. The intermediate part 22 contains lines 23 and 24 for supplying components and gas for intensifying the cavitation process. Furthermore, the intermediate part 22 has a plurality of openings 25 which point in the direction of the exit opening 3 show and through which a component stream is supplied. Due to the given constriction by means of these openings 25, the intermediate part 22 constitutes a confuser. The body of the truncated cone 17 has an inner cavity 26 which is connected to the intermediate part 22 via the lines 23 and 24 to the small base 27 of the truncated cone 17. The large base 28 is open. In the inner cavity 26 there is an insert 29 designed as a cone, the cone tip of which points in the direction of the small base 27 of the truncated cone 17. The lateral surface (partial body) of the truncated cone 17, which is designed as a partial body, represents a body that is difficult to flow around. Likewise, the insert 29 represents a partial body that is difficult to flow around, which has a larger cone opening angle than the truncated cone 17 first between the wall of the passage chamber 20 and the outer circumferential surface of the truncated cone 17 and a second between the inner circumferential surface of the truncated cone 17 and the circumferential surface of the insert 29. The component stream or the feedable gas which is supplied via the lines 23 or 24- flows at high speed into the inner cavity 26, so that the truncated cone 17 can also function as an ejector, which makes it possible to create a vacuum through which the components of the flow are conducted into the cavity 26.

This example of a device according to the invention works as follows: The hydrodynamic flow of the components to be processed arrives at a high speed through the inlet opening 2 and the confuser 19 into the passage chamber 20 according to arrow A, tapering in the confuser 19, the component stream flows onto the body of the body Truncated cone 17 and passes the annular portion of a local taper. Cavitation caverns are generated at the edge of the large base 28, which also tear away and are carried away with the component stream into a zone of increased pressureϊfThere the cavitation caverns disintegrate with the formation of cavitation bubbles and form the cavitation field. When the component stream to be processed flows through both the passage chamber 20 and the inner cavity 26, an increased cavitation field is created behind the two tapered sections. The gas component introduced into the cavity 26 via the line 24 also influences the formation of the cavitation field. In a third exemplary embodiment, which is shown schematically in FIG. 3, the device according to the invention is shown with two differently shaped truncated cones and controlled return of part of an already cavitated liquid system. This exemplary embodiment represents a structural combination of the two exemplary embodiments described in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2. For this reason, reference is already made to the reference symbols already used in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the explanation of FIG. 3. Newly added components are identified according to their function with further consecutive reference symbols.

The two devices according to the invention already presented in FIGS. 1 and 2, each with a body 7 or 17 which is difficult to flow around and placed in the flow chambers 5 and 20, are coupled to one another. This results in the following construction:

The housing 32 contains an inlet opening 2 and an outlet opening 3 as well as a first flow chamber 20, the confuser 4, a second flow chamber 5, a diffuser 6 and an outlet part 33, which are arranged one behind the other and connected to one another. A first cavitator 17 is arranged in the first passage chamber 20, a second cavitator 7 is placed in the second passage chamber 5 and is each mounted on an intermediate part 22 or 15, which are fastened to the wall of the flow chambers 20 or 5. The passage chambers 5 and 20 are preferably cylindrical. The cavhators 17 and 7 are arranged axially to the central axis 34 of the flow chambers 20 and 5, the cavitator 7 being mounted rotatably about the central axis 34 by means of its truncated cone holder 14. Due to the special design of its inner cavity 26, the cavitator 17 is able to generate vacuum as well as to conduct components or gas via the insert 29 located in the cavity 26 into the passage chamber 20. The body 17, which is difficult to flow around, also has the function of an ejector. The intermediate part 22 contains three feed lines 23, 24 and 35 z. B. for components of the liquid system, for gas and for part of an already cavitated liquid system. In the intermediate piece 22 there are also openings 25 directed towards the outlet opening 3, which ensure a tapering of the component flow and an increase in the flow rate. The aforementioned part of the already cavitated system is removed from the output part 33 via a line 36 for recycling and fed to the passage chamber 20. The line 36 is connected to the supply line 35 of the intermediate part 22. The diameter ratio of the first cavitator 17 to the inner diameter of the line 36 for the return is in the range between 0.4-0.9. In the line 36 for returning part of the cavitated suspension, a throttle valve 37 is installed as an element for regulating the amount of suspensions that can be supplied. At the end of the second passage chamber 5 two gas outflow 38 are present in front of the diffuser 6, which the z. B. gas flowing through the supply line 24 into the first cavitator 17 after the end of the cavitation process. again. This example of the device according to the invention works as follows: The component stream to be processed reaches arrow A through the inlet opening 2 and through the openings 25 of the intermediate part 22 into the passage chamber 20. The component stream tapers in the intermediate part 22 acting as a confuser and flows onto the body of the truncated cone 17. Cavitation caverns are produced at the edge of the large base 28, which tear away and are carried away with the component stream into a region of increased pressure. The cavitation caves disintegrate. Cavitation bubbles and a cavitation field form. The resulting cavitation field arrives in the second confuser 4 and flows onto the second cavitator 7. At the edge of the lamellae 8, cavitation caverns are generated which also tear away and are carried away with the component flow into an area with increased pressure. The cavitation caverns are decaying as well as before. With the formation of cavitation bubbles, an increased summary cavitation field is created, a supercavitation field. Part of the processed suspension flows back through line 36 with throttle valve 37 to first cavitator 17 in the ejector and is thus subjected to the cavitation process again. During the processing of the component stream, a velocity of the component stream of at least 2 m / s is maintained in the sections of the local taper between the walls of the flow chambers 20 and 5 and the apices of the large bases of the truncated cones 17 and 7, respectively. The high local pressure ratios of up to 10,000 MPa, which arise when the cavitation bubbles burst, exert an intensive mixing and dispersing effect on the flow of the components to be processed.

The suspension formed with the aid of cavitation fields is removed from the device according to the invention through the diffuser 21 and the outlet part 33 via the outlet opening 3. The gas used to influence the cavitation process is separated and removed from the second passage chamber 5 via the existing gas outflow lines 38. A further advantageous influencing of the cavitation process behind the first cavitator 17 is provided by the slidability of the insert 29. Due to the possibility of its movable mobility in the area of the inner cavity 29, the annular section of the local taper can be changed.

The controlled return of part of an already cavitated system can also be carried out in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2. The line 36 for returning part of the cavitated liquid system is connected to the inner cavity 26 of the cavitator 17, which is attached to the intermediate part 22 of the passage chamber 20. The line 36 is branched off from the outlet opening 3 or from the outlet part 33. In line 36, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, a throttle valve for regulating the part of the cavitated liquid system to be returned is installed.

Further advantageous exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in FIGS. 4a to 6b. Show it:

4a schematically shows a cross section through a device according to the invention with slotted slats,

4b to 4e side and front view of the slotted slats and spacers used in the device from FIG. 4a,

5a schematically shows a cross section through a device according to the invention with an elastically displaceably mounted truncated cone,

5b shows the elastically mounted truncated cone in an enlarged view,

6a schematically shows a cross section through a device according to the invention with two bodies which are difficult to flow around,

Fig. 6b is an enlarged view of the difficult to flow around body shown in Fig. 6a.

Another advantageous exemplary embodiment (FIGS. 4a to 4e) of the invention has a truncated cone 7 with slotted lamellae 8 '. The fins 8 'are provided with a central hole 40, with which they are plugged onto the truncated cone holder 14. Radially extending slots 41 are formed on the lamellae 8 'and extend inwards from the circumference of the lamellae 8'. The slots 41 are preferably evenly distributed over the circumference of the lamellae, that is to say they have an angular spacing in pairs and delimit a lamella leaf 43 of the same shape between them. The slot width is 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 0.5 to 3 mm. Between the slats 8 'are arranged on the truncated cone holder 14 spacers 42 which have a smaller diameter than the respective adjacent lamellae 8'. The diameter of the spacer disks 42 increases in the direction of the large base 13 of the truncated cone 7 approximately proportionally with the diameter of the lamellae 8 ', so that a groove of the same or similar depth is formed between two adjacent lamellae 8'. The spacer disks 42 preferably have a greater thickness than the slats 8 '. The slats 8 'are arranged offset with respect to one another with their slits 41, a slit 41 of a slat 8' being located in the axial direction relative to a slat sheet 43 of an adjacent slat 8 '. The component flow thus flows as it passes through the slots 41 along a wavy flow path which extends through the slots 41 made in the successive lamellae 8 '. This wave-shaped current through the slots 41 generates vibrations with a frequency in the infrasound range (eg 18 to 20 Hz). The infrasound is superimposed on the cavitation field, whereby an even greater utilization of the hydrodynamic cavitation effect is achieved. The infrasound propagates in the component stream, so that it is not only limited to the groove area between the fins 8 '.

This embodiment with slotted slats 8 'is typically suitable for the production of emulsions, shampoos, lotions, juices and lemonades.

5a and 5b show an exemplary embodiment with which, in addition to the cavitation field, vibrations in the component stream are generated which lie in the ultrasound range and which overlap with the cavitation field.

As in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4a to 4e, the truncated cone 7 is composed of spacer disks 42 and lamellae 8 ', which can be both slotted and unslit. The slats 8 'and the spacers 42 sit on a common bush 44 which slidably supports the truncated cone holder 14. The truncated cone holder 14 is formed in this displacement area as a thin tubular rod 14a, which has two widenings serving as stops 46 at the end. Between the stops 46 and the end plates, which form the small or large base 12, 13 of the truncated cone 7, a screw spring 47, 48 is inserted under prestress. The spring hardness of the spring 48 arranged on the large base 13 is greater than the spring hardness of the spring arranged on the small base 12, since the spring 48 arranged on the large base 13 is arranged downstream of the other spring 47 in the flow direction A, so that the Spring 48 must counteract the flow pressure.

The truncated cone 7, which is slidably biased on the truncated cone holder 14 in this way, is excited to vibrate when the component current flows around it, the frequency of which lies in the ultrasonic range. This ultrasound field is superimposed on the cavitation field, so that the hydrodynamic cavitation effect is increased.

The superposition of a cavitation field with an ultrasound field is typically suitable for the production of sauces, mayonnaises, liqueurs, chocolate, mustard, organic products, antifreeze, fire protection liquids and for enriching heating oil with water. For example, by enriching a water content of 5% to 10% in heating oil when burning the same in a burner, the exhaust gas emission is significantly reduced. For example, the proportion of CO emissions is reduced by 25%.

6a and 6b show an exemplary embodiment which differs from all the previous exemplary embodiments in that the body or bodies which are difficult to flow around are arranged in the flow direction in front of the disk-shaped intermediate part 15 to which the truncated cone holder 14 is fastened. The component stream thus first flows around the bodies which are difficult to flow around, before it flows through the openings 16 in the intermediate part 15 passes.

In this embodiment, two bodies 7a, 7b which are difficult to flow around are provided on a common truncated cone holder 14. One body which is difficult to flow around has the shape of a truncated cone 7a and the other body which is difficult to flow around has the shape of a cylinder 7b. The bodies 7a, 7b which are difficult to flow around are each formed from lamellae 8 and elastic elements 9 inserted between them, which have the smallest possible diameter, so that the cavities 10 formed between the lamellae 8 are as large as possible. The fins 8 of the cylinder 7b have the same diameter as the fins 8 of the large base 13 of the truncated cone 7a.

The cylinder 7b is arranged downstream of the truncated cone 7a and is fixed immovably on the truncated cone holder 14. The truncated cone 7a is seated on a bushing 44, which in turn is slidably supported on the truncated cone holder 14. Between the truncated cone 7a and the cylinder 7b, a helical spring 49 is pretensioned on the truncated cone holder 14, so that the truncated cone 7a is acted upon by the spring action against the flow pressure.

When a component stream flows around it, the truncated cone 7a is excited to vibrate in the frequency range of ultrasound, which overlap with the cavitation field. Typical areas of application for this embodiment are the production of creams, toothpastes, motor oils, lacquers and paints, the wastewater treatment, in particular the killing of microorganisms, such as, for. B. of Salmonella.

By means of the device according to the invention for producing liquid systems, which are also referred to as generators, the component stream is typically pressed through at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar, typical processing times being in the range of a few minutes. The pressure applied and the processing time used can vary greatly and are after Determine the following factors:

1. Viscosity of the components

2. Polarity of the components

3. Number of components

4. Chemical processes that occur in the cavitation field.

The frequencies of the infrared or ultrasonic fields that can be generated with the above-described bodies which are difficult to flow around are also influenced by the type of components of the component stream.

In the case of slotted slats 8 ', it was found that the height of the frequency of the infrasound is indirectly proportional to the width of the slits. In particular, when using different slot widths, a plurality of differing infrasound frequencies can be excited.

The ultrasonic frequencies generated by a truncated cone 7 which is slidably biased on the truncated cone holder 14 are determined both by the size and the spatial shape of the truncated cone and by the spring hardness of the spring or springs used.

With the devices according to the invention, dispersions with an exceptionally good distribution of the solids in the liquid phase can be achieved, which, because of the fine distribution, have very good storage stability. A typical distribution of the drop size of drops each containing a solid particle:

Drop size Number of drops

<1 μm 1760

«2.5 μm 1062

_* 7.5 μm 1

= 10 μm 1

- 12.5 μm 1

Claims

claims

1. Device for producing liquid systems, in particular emulsions and suspensions or the like in a hydrodynamic cavitation field, comprising the following features: a) There is a housing (1) which has an inlet opening (2) for the supply of at least one component stream and has an outlet opening (3) for the removal of the liquid system, b) the housing (1) having a confuser (4), a flow-through chamber (5) with a body (7) which is difficult to flow around, comprises a diffuser (6) which are arranged one behind the other and are firmly connected to one another, c) the body which is difficult to flow around is arranged axially to the central axis of the flow chamber on an intermediate part (22), d) the intermediate part (22) is on the flow chamber ( 5) fastened, characterized by the following features: e) The body (7, 17) which is difficult to flow around is designed as a truncated cone, the large base (13, 28) of which is directed towards the outlet opening (3) and f) the body (7, 17), which is difficult to flow around, has a cavity (10, 26) through which it can flow to generate a cavitation field.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (7, 17) which is difficult to flow around represents a combination of a plurality of partial bodies (8, 17, 29) which are difficult to flow around, between each of which a cavity (10, 26) through which flow can be found .

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the truncated cone consists of a combination of at least three Lamel¬ len (8) with between the slats (8) arranged elastic elements (9), the slats (8) from the small base (12) of the truncated cone up to the large base (13) have an increasing cross section corresponding to the given lateral surface as the envelope of the cross sections and the elastic elements (9) have a smaller cross section than the adjacent lamellae (8) between each of which has a cavity (10).

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the body which is difficult to flow around is made in the form of a hollow truncated cone (17), whose small base (27) in connection with the intermediate part (22) has at least one feed line (23, 24) ¬ preferably for the supply of components of the liquid system to be produced, and which contains in its inner cavity (26) an insert (29) which acts as a flow around it, the tip of which towards the small base (27) of the truncated cone ( 17) shows and which tapers the cavity (26) towards the large base (28) of the truncated cone (17).

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate part (22) is equipped with a further feed line (35) for supplying an already cavitated liquid system, the feed line (35) in the inner cavity (26) of the cavitator (17) is guided.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a line (36) for returning part of the cavitated liquid system into the inner cavity (26) of the in the passage chamber (20) on the intermediate part (22) attached cavitator ( 17) is provided, which branches off after the outlet opening (3), and that an element, preferably a throttle valve (37) for regulating the part of the cavitated liquid system to be returned is installed in the line (36).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the line (36) for return to one of the in the intermediate part (22) existing lines (35) is connected, with which the cavitator (17) is connected, preferably to the Rückge¬ led to conduct part of the cavitated liquid system, in particular, into the inner cavity (26), which tapers in the direction of flow.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one intermediate part (22) equipped with at least one feed line (23, 24, 35) and preferably with a line (36) for returning a portion of the cavitated liquid system adjustable connected is.

9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the element (37) installed in the line (36) for regulating the traceable part of the cavitated liquid system is a throttle valve.

10. The device according to claim 3 or claim 3 and one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the lamellae (8) together by means of the elastic elements (9) with a minimum thickness of 0.01 mm and an outer diameter of 0 , 3 to 0.9 of the diameter of the fins (8) is connected.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the lamellae (8) together with the elastic elements (9) the axis of the truncated cone holder (14) is rotatably mounted.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the lamellae (8) have an elastic, non-metallic coating.

13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the slats (8) consist of elastic, non-metallic material.

14. Device for producing liquid systems, characterized in that in a housing (32) with an inlet opening (2) and an outlet opening (3) a first confuser (25), a first passage chamber (20) with a first cavitator placed in it (17), which contains an inner cavity (26) with an arranged insert (29), a second confuser (4), a second passage chamber (5) with a second cavitator (7) placed in it, a diffuser (6) and an output part (33) are arranged one behind the other and are coupled to one another such that a line (36) for returning part of the cavitated liquid system is located between the output part (33) and the flow chamber (20), and that the two cavitators (7, 17) are arranged axially to the central axis (34) of the passage chamber (20, 5), and that the cavitators (17) and (7) by means of intermediate parts (22) and (15) on the walls of the passage chambers (20 , 5) are attached, wherein during the flow mens the passage chambers (20, 5) a multiplication of the intensity is given by the multiple superposition of cavitation in the area behind the second cavitator (7) can be reached, which is controlled by the continuous Rückfüh¬ tion of a portion of the multi-cavitated system additionally influenced.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one intermediate part (22) is equipped with at least one feed line (23, 24, 35) and is preferably connected in a controllable manner to the line (36) for returning part of the cavitated liquid system.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that gas can be flowed in via at least one feed line (23), the end of the second passage chamber (5) in front of the diffuser (6) for separating the gas from the cavitated system. At least one gas outflow line (38) is provided.

17. Device according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the element (37) installed in the line (36) for regulating the traceable part of the cavitated liquid system is a throttle valve.

18. Device according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the second cavitator (7) placed in the second passage chamber (5) is designed as a truncated cone, which consists of a combination of at least three fins (8) with between the fins ( 8) arranged elastic elements (9), the lamellae (8) from the smaller base (12) of the truncated cone (7) to the large base (13) having an increasing cross section corresponding to the given lateral surface as an envelope of the cross sections and the elastic elements (9) have a smaller cross section than the adjacent slats.

19. Device according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the lamellae (8) with each other by means of the elastic elements (9) with a minimum thickness of 0.01 mm and an outside diameter of 0.3 to 0.9 of the diameter of the fins (8) are connected.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the lamellae (8) are rotatably mounted together with the elastic elements (9) about the axis of the truncated cone holder (14).

21. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the slats (8) have an elastic, non-metallic coating.

22. Device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the lamellae (8) consist of elastic, non-metallic material.

23. Device according to one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that the first cavitator (17) is manufactured in the form of a hollow truncated cone, the small base (27) of which, in conjunction with an intermediate part (22), has at least one feed line (23 , 24, 35), preferably for the supply of components, gas or a cavitated liquid system, and which contains in its inner cavity (26) an insert (29) which is difficult to flow around, the tip of which in Direction of the small base (27) of the truncated cone (17) and which tapers the cavity (26) towards the large base (28) of the truncated cone.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the insert (29) is designed as a cone, the tip of which points in the direction of the small base (27) of the truncated cone (17) and which has a larger cone opening angle than the truncated cone (17).

25. The device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the insert (29) is movable in a positionally variable manner.

26. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate parts (15, 22) located in the passage chambers (5, 20), on each of which a cavitator (7, 17) is motivated, openings (16, 25 ) and represent confusers.

27. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the body (7) which is difficult to flow around is composed of slotted lamellae (8 ') and spacer disks (42) arranged therebetween, the slots (41) of adjacent lamellae being offset from one another are, so that in addition to the cavitation field, an oscillation field in the frequency range of infrasound is generated.

28. The apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 27, characterized in that the body (7) which is difficult to flow around is displaceable in the flow direction and is biased by spring elements, so that it is excited to vibrate in the frequency range of ultrasound when the component flow flows around it.

29. The device according to claim 1 or 27 or 28, characterized in that a in the housing (1) axially aligned truncated cone holder (14) is provided, on which the body (7a) which is difficult to flow around with the shape of a truncated cone is axially displaceable and a second body (7b) that is difficult to flow around, which preferably has the shape of a cylinder, is attached to the truncated cone holder (14) and is arranged after the truncated cone-shaped body (7a) that is difficult to flow around, wherein between the two bodies (7a, 7b) a spring element (49) is provided which prestresses the frusto-conical body (7a) which is difficult to flow around against the direction of flow.

30. Use of a device according to claim 27 for the manufacture of emulsions, shampoos, lotions, juices and limonas.

31. Use of a device according to claim 28 for manufacturing sauces, mayonnaises, liqueurs, chocolate, mustard, organic products, antifreeze, fire protection fluids and for enriching heating oil with water.

32. Use of the device according to claim 29 for the production of creams, toothpastes, motor oils, lacquers and paints, waste water treatment, in particular the killing of microorganisms, such as. B. Salmonella.