WO1996007261A1 - Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer - Google Patents
Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996007261A1 WO1996007261A1 PCT/US1995/010554 US9510554W WO9607261A1 WO 1996007261 A1 WO1996007261 A1 WO 1996007261A1 US 9510554 W US9510554 W US 9510554W WO 9607261 A1 WO9607261 A1 WO 9607261A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- synthesizer
- tuning
- output frequency
- loop
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/183—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
- H03J1/00—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general
- H03J1/0008—Details of adjusting, driving, indicating, or mechanical control arrangements for resonant circuits in general using a central processing unit, e.g. a microprocessor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/197—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between numbers which are variable in time or the frequency divider dividing by a factor variable in time, e.g. for obtaining fractional frequency division
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to frequency synthesizers in general and particularly to methods of calibrating a frequency synthesizer.
- the output frequency of a reference oscillator 20 is calibrated or tuned to a predetermined value.
- a desired output frequency is then produced by adjusting the "N" value of the divide-by-N divider 13 in the synthesizer loop 11.
- the N value can be mathematically determined simply since the reference oscillator frequency is predetermined.
- Crystals are subject to variations in tolerance due to manufacturing processes, as well as aging and temperature effects. For example, a reference crystal with a nominal frequency of 10.240 MHz can have a minimum pullability or adjustment of 15 parts per million (PPM) per picofarad (pF).
- the varactor 26 can be modulated by varying the voltage applied to the varactor 26, thereby providing a varying capacitance and the FM modulation.
- the local oscillator (LO) frequency for the receiver the pullability is 21.6 KHz. This would make the tolerance of the crystal 20 PPM, which combined with a 10 PPM temperature tolerance and 23 PPM aging tolerance totals 53 PPJ ⁇ , T or 24 KHz at 433.92 MHz.
- a method of tuning a frequency synthesizer by adjusting the loop divider until the output frequency is close to the desired frequency.
- the reference oscillator is then adjusted to produce the desired synthesizer output frequency.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a microprocessor controlled frequency synthesizer that can be utilized in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a substantially conventional frequency synthesizer 10.
- the frequency synthesizer 10 includes a synthesizer loop 11, having a conventional voltage control oscillator 12, divide-by-N loop divider 13, phase comparator 14, and integrator/filter 15, which serves as a loop filter.
- the N value of the loop divider 13 is provided, as by a controller such as microprocessor 16.
- the reference signal is provided to comparator 14 as by reference oscillator 20 and amplifier 21. If desired, the amplifier 21 can be included on a single integrated circuit with components of the synthesizer loop 11.
- Reference oscillator 20 includes a crystal 22, a load circuit composed of capacitors 23, 24, 25, and a varactor or variable capacitor 26.
- a coupling or DC blocking capacitor 27 couples varactor 26 to crystal 22, while resistors 28 and 29 are used for DC biasing purposes.
- a DC voltage is derived from an output of microprocessor 16 by a digital-to-analog converter (D/A) 30, which can be a simple, discrete D/A implementation in th preferred implementation.
- the DC voltage from D/A 30 is applied to the varactor 26 to change the capacitance of the varactor 26 and thereby pull or warp the output frequency of crystal 22.
- D/A digital-to-analog converter
- Tuning values can be stored in a memory such as an EEPROM (not shown) associated with microprocessor 16. Since the crystal 22 is not necessarily a high precision crystal, the varactor 26 may not be capable of pulling the crystal 22 to a desired nominal oscillator frequency.
- the synthesizer loop 11 is coarse tuned by adjusting the divisor "N" of the loop divider 13 until the output frequency is close to the desired output frequency.
- the reference oscillator 20 is then adjusted by tuning the value applied to D/A 30 and consequently, the analog voltage applied to varactor 26, until a desired VCO output frequency has been obtained.
- the coarse and fine tuning values for this particular output frequency can then be stored.
- Additional VCO output frequencies can be determined and stored in a similar manner, as, for example, a transmit or receive frequency that is offset from the other frequency, or another channel for a radio.
- the varactor 26 is tuned towards one limit of its tuning range by D/A 30 prior to tuning the divider 13.
- Divider 13 is then tuned (by selecting values of "N") until it is within tuning range of the varactor 26.
- the input to D/A 30 is then changed to tune the varactor 26 to warp the crystal 22 in order to provide the desired VCO frequency.
- any desired VCO output frequency is provided by iteratively tuning first the N value applied divide-by-N divider 13 and then by iteratively adjusting the digital value applied to D/A 30 until the desired VCO output frequency has substantially been achieved.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95930216A EP0777942A4 (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1995-08-18 | Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer |
AU33678/95A AU3367895A (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1995-08-18 | Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer |
CA002198487A CA2198487C (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1995-08-18 | Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/298,492 | 1994-08-30 | ||
US08/298,492 US5570066A (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1994-08-30 | Method of programming a frequency synthesizer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996007261A1 true WO1996007261A1 (en) | 1996-03-07 |
Family
ID=23150756
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/010554 WO1996007261A1 (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1995-08-18 | Method of programming a frequency synthesizer and a radio having a frequency synthesizer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5570066A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0777942A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3367895A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2198487C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996007261A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0905878A2 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Modulator for generating a RF signal |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6249155B1 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2001-06-19 | The Connor Winfield Corporation | Frequency correction circuit for a periodic source such as a crystal oscillator |
US5881374A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1999-03-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Circuitry and method for detecting frequency deviation caused by aging of an oscillator |
US5960405A (en) | 1997-02-05 | 1999-09-28 | Fox Enterprises, Inc. | Worldwide marketing logistics network including strategically located centers for frequency programming crystal oscillators to customer specification |
US5952890A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-09-14 | Fox Enterprises, Inc. | Crystal oscillator programmable with frequency-defining parameters |
CN1153352C (en) | 1997-03-18 | 2004-06-09 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Receiver tuning system |
WO1998042076A2 (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-09-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Receiver tuning system |
EP0905910A3 (en) * | 1997-09-25 | 2003-04-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for changing frequency in a multichannel radio system |
FR2790790B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2001-04-27 | Siemens Automotive Sa | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRESSURE IN THE FUEL INJECTION RAMP OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND CORRESPONDING DEVICE |
US6323739B1 (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2001-11-27 | Denso Corporation | Adjusting untrimmed VCO during operation of the oscillator |
DE60115158T2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2006-06-29 | Thomson Licensing | High-frequency oscillator |
FR2811167A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-04 | Cit Alcatel | FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS METHOD AND DEVICE USING A FRACTIONAL PHASE LOCKED LOOP |
US7162002B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2007-01-09 | Broadcom Corporation | Phase-interpolator based PLL frequency synthesizer |
US7161443B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2007-01-09 | Broadcom Corporation | Temperature compensated crystal oscillator |
US7675369B2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2010-03-09 | Honeywell International Inc. | Frequency hopping oscillator circuit |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4993048A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-02-12 | Unisys Corporation | Self-clocking system |
US5319681A (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1994-06-07 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A. | Method and a device for synchronizing a signal |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4320357A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1982-03-16 | Wulfsberg Paul G | VHF-FM Frequency synthesizer |
DE2856211A1 (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-03 | Licentia Gmbh | DIGITAL PHASE CONTROL WITH ONE AUXILIARY |
JPS598966B2 (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1984-02-28 | 株式会社東芝 | Television receiver control device |
DE3122302A1 (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-23 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Oscillator circuit with a freely tunable oscillator and at least one crystal-stabilised oscillator |
US4485404A (en) * | 1982-09-01 | 1984-11-27 | Rca Corporation | Digital aft system which is activated during vertical retrace intervals |
US4568888A (en) * | 1983-11-08 | 1986-02-04 | Trw Inc. | PLL Fast frequency synthesizer with memories for coarse tuning and loop gain correction |
EP0278140A1 (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-17 | Hewlett-Packard Limited | Clock signal generation |
US4940950A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1990-07-10 | Tel-Instrument Electronics Corporation | Frequency synthesis method and apparatus using approximation to provide closely spaced discrete frequencies over a wide range with rapid acquisition |
US5152005A (en) * | 1990-01-22 | 1992-09-29 | Motorola, Inc. | High resolution frequency synthesis |
US5267189A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-11-30 | Wilke William G | Rational fraction synthesizer |
JPH05259903A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-10-08 | Nec Eng Ltd | Frequency synthesizer |
US5301366A (en) * | 1992-04-07 | 1994-04-05 | Rockwell International Corporation | High performance frequency tuning with low cost synthesizer |
US5420545A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1995-05-30 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Phase lock loop with selectable frequency switching time |
-
1994
- 1994-08-30 US US08/298,492 patent/US5570066A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-08-18 CA CA002198487A patent/CA2198487C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-18 EP EP95930216A patent/EP0777942A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-18 WO PCT/US1995/010554 patent/WO1996007261A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-18 AU AU33678/95A patent/AU3367895A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4993048A (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-02-12 | Unisys Corporation | Self-clocking system |
US5319681A (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1994-06-07 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.A. | Method and a device for synchronizing a signal |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0777942A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0905878A2 (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Modulator for generating a RF signal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3367895A (en) | 1996-03-22 |
EP0777942A1 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
CA2198487C (en) | 1999-11-09 |
US5570066A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
EP0777942A4 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
CA2198487A1 (en) | 1996-03-07 |
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