WO1995033490A1 - Method of solubilizing substantially water insoluble materials - Google Patents

Method of solubilizing substantially water insoluble materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995033490A1
WO1995033490A1 PCT/US1995/007502 US9507502W WO9533490A1 WO 1995033490 A1 WO1995033490 A1 WO 1995033490A1 US 9507502 W US9507502 W US 9507502W WO 9533490 A1 WO9533490 A1 WO 9533490A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
complex
compound
alkyl
soluble
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/007502
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard B. Greenwald
Robert G. L. Shorr
Mike Alan Clark
Alahari Arunakumari
Original Assignee
Enzon, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enzon, Inc. filed Critical Enzon, Inc.
Priority to AU28264/95A priority Critical patent/AU2826495A/en
Publication of WO1995033490A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995033490A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for rendering water-insoluble materials water-soluble. More particularly, the invention pertains to a method for making substantially water-insoluble bioactive materials, such as drugs, more water- soluble by forming non-covalent complexes with polymers which are soluble in both water and organic solvents.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,030,448 suggests taking advantage of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic portions of a polymer which is surface active. This system requires a hydrophobic central moiety instead of one which is water-soluble.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,898,267 shows the use of polyalkylene oxide adducts of C 9 -C 22 alkyl alcohols to form emulsions.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,904,466 shows polymers which form gels at low water concentrations by using a C 8 -C 20 group containing polyethylene ether surfactants in capped polyether polymer gels for drug delivery.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,511,563 discloses analgesic gels using block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Only mixtures are shown. None of these suggest a mechanism for making a water-insoluble component water-soluble.
  • the invention provides a water-soluble, polymeric compound having the structure:
  • R is a C 6 -C 30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group;
  • X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, ;
  • L is H or a C, ⁇ alkyl; and Y is O or S;
  • Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and R' is H, OH or C 1-24 alkyl.
  • the invention also provides a water-soluble complex comprising a substantially water-insoluble compound non-covalently bonded to one of the above- described polymeric compounds and methods of producing the complexes.
  • the invention still further provides a method of preparing solutions containing the above-described complexes.
  • the method includes contacting a substantially water-insoluble compound with a polymeric compound of the structure shown above in the presence of an organic solvent; separating the complex from the organic solvent; and combining the complex with water.
  • water-soluble complexes of the polymer derivative described above along with a medicinal agent selected from the group consisting of Amphotericin-B and tacrine.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention includes methods of treatment.
  • complexes described above containing a medicinal agent are administered to a mammal in need of the medicinal agent.
  • Such treatment methods are preferably carried out by administering the complexes as part of an aqueous solution.
  • the polymeric complexes also allow a medicinal agent such as Amphotericin-B to be delivered in a manner which is substantially safer than methods previously used without loss of potency.
  • Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the antifungal effect of amphotericin and polyethylene glycol conjugated amphotericin in accordance with the present invention on Candida growth.
  • Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of amphotericin and polyethylene glycol conjugated amphotericin in accordance with the present invention on hemolysis.
  • the invention provides methods for solubilizing substantially water-insoluble compounds such as medicinal agents.
  • the methods include forming a complex of the water-insoluble compound and a water-soluble polymer in an approximately equimolar ratio.
  • the polymer portion of the complex contains a terminal hydrophobic aromatic, alkyl or olefinic group which is believed to be in a non- covalent mating relationship with the water-insoluble compound.
  • the complex is formed by mixing the desired water-insoluble compound with the polymer in a suitable organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride and mixtures thereof, removing the solvent and dissolving the residue in water or suitable aqueous buffer.
  • a suitable organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride and mixtures thereof, removing the solvent and dissolving the residue in water or suitable aqueous buffer.
  • Molar ratios of polymer to target water-insoluble medicinal agent or drug range from about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1.
  • the amount of polymer to effect this result varies in proportion, molecular weight and chain length for each medicinal and can also be determined empirically.
  • the resultant compound may have a different HPLC spectrum from the water- insoluble compound, i.e., drug and polymer as individual components, but the same NMR spectra as a mixture of the two individual components. Nevertheless, no covalent bond is formed.
  • an organic solvent such as ethanol
  • the original components can be recovered. While Applicants are not bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrophobic portion of the water-insoluble polymer attracts the water-insoluble drug by Van Der Waals forces. Further, it is believed that the polymeric compounds do not act as surfactants to achieve the solubilizing effect.
  • Surfactants are typically low molecular weight compounds (MW ⁇ 1,000) used in severalfold molar excesses to form micelles.
  • the polymeric compounds of the present invention are of higher molecular weights ranging from about 1,000 to about 40,000. Furthermore, the polymeric compounds are preferably used in approximately equimolar ratios with the compound to be solubilized.
  • the polymeric compositions have the structure:
  • R-X-Z-X-R' wherein R is a C 6 -C 30 alkyl, cycloalkyl such as cyclooctyls, cyclodecyls and cyclododecyls; bicycloalkyl such as norbornyl derivatives and di-, tri- and sesquiterpenes; or an olefin group such as an oleic derivative.
  • R is a C 6 -C 24 alkyl group and, most preferably, R is a C 8 -C, 8 alkyl group. It is to be understood that suitable alkyls include straight and branched alkyls.
  • R is an aromatic group such as a phenyl, substituted phenyl, substituted phenyl and the like, or even a cyano- substituted group.
  • Each X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -O-C-N- ; -0-C-O- ; -O-C- L Y L Y Y
  • L is H or a C M alkyl; and Y is O or S; and R' is H, OH or C ⁇ alkyl.
  • R' is a C, ⁇ alkyl group and most preferably CH 3 .
  • the polymeric compounds are formed by capping a water-soluble polymer residue, designated Z herein, with XR or XR' groups.
  • Mono-activated, alkyl- terminated polyalkylene oxides such as monomethyl-terminated polyethylene glycols
  • PEG's are preferred; bis-activated polyethylene oxides are also contemplated.
  • Non-limited examples of such water-soluble polymers include polyalkylene oxide homopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxyethylenated polyols, copolymers and block copolymers of PEG, PPG (polypropylene glycol) and/or EO
  • water-soluble polymer residues Z are formed from polymers having a molecular weight ranges of from about
  • 1,000 to about 40,000 are usually selected for the purposes of the present invention. Molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,500 are preferred and 2,000 to about 5,000 are particularly preferred.
  • the polymer residues included herein are water-soluble at room temperature.
  • the polymeric compounds therefore, have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 40,000, more preferably from about 2,000 to about 12,000 and most preferably from about 2,000 to about 5,000.
  • effectively non-antigenic means and all polymeric materials understood in the art as being substantially nontoxic and not eliciting an appreciable immunogenic response in mammals.
  • Synthesis of the water-soluble polymeric compounds of the present invention includes reacting equimolar amounts of an alkylated polyethylene glycol with a fatty alcohol or fatty amine in an inert solvent. The following are suitable reaction mechanisms:
  • mPEG represents a methoxypolyethylene glycol or a methoxypolypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 1 ,000 to about 40,000, and R is a C 8 -C 24 alkyl group.
  • R is a C 8 -C 24 alkyl group.
  • the other variant species of the polymer can be prepared by those skilled in the art in an analogous manner. It is to be understood that the mPEG derivatives are shown above for purpose of illustration and that the alternative polymers described above can also be converted into the inventive compounds using suitable techniques.
  • the water-soluble complex is prepared by combining the desired water-insoluble compound such as a medicinal agent or drug with the polymer in an organic solvent in which both are soluble and then removing the solvent.
  • Suitable water-insoluble compounds include essentially any compound which can benefit from increased water solubility. It should be capable of forming a non-covalent complex with the water-soluble polymeric compound.
  • water-insoluble compounds are those having solubility in water of less than 10 mg/ l and preferably less than 1 mg/ml.
  • Suitable medicinal agents non-exclusively include tacrine, Amphotericin-B, campthothecin, free base forms of antibiotics, cyclosporin-A, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic agents, etc.
  • Preferred aspects of the invention include complexes of Amphotericin-B or tacrine with the polymers described herein.
  • Suitable organic solvents non-exclusively include alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof. Alcohols, however, particularly ethanol, are most preferred.
  • the mixing temperature should be below the decomposition temperature of the components, and is preferably from about 4°C to about 115°C, most preferably about 25 to 60°C.
  • the water-soluble polymer containing the terminal hydrophobic group is preferably combined with the water- insoluble compound is a mole ratio of generally from about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1 , preferably from about 1 : 1 to about 2: 1 and most preferably 1: 1.
  • the reaction is conducted in an inert solvent which is present in that amount sufficient to form a homogenous solution of the components. Thereafter, the solvent is removed such as by evaporating or vacuum.
  • the formed complex retains at least a portion of the bioactivity of the drug prior to complexing.
  • bio-effecting substance means a substance capable of having a biologically determinable effect in mammals.
  • "Portion of the activity” shall be understood to mean that at least some therapeutic effectiveness is maintained.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides methods of treatment for various medical conditions in mammals.
  • the methods include administering an effective amount of the drug-containing complex which has been prepared as described herein to a mammal in need of such treatment.
  • the complexes are useful for, among other things, treating infections, as in the case of Amphotericin-B complexes, neurological conditions, as in the case of tacrine complexes, neoplastic disease, reducing tumor burden, preventing metastasis of neoplasms and preventing recurrences of tumor/neoplastic growths, in the case of anti-neoplastic agent complexes.
  • the amount of complex used in the treatment methods is generally that amount which effectively achieves the desired therapeutic result in mammals.
  • the dosages of the various complexes will vary depending upon the intended use and medicinal agent selected. Those skilled in the art will determine the optimal dosing of the conjugate selected based on clinical experience and the treatment indications.
  • the complexes of the present invention can be included in one or more suitable pharmaceutical compositions for administration to mammals.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a solution, suspension, tablet, capsule or the like, prepared according to methods well known in the art. It is also contemplated that administration of such compositions may be by the oral and/or parenteral routes depending upon the needs of the artisan.
  • the complexes are administered as aqueous solutions.
  • the amount of Amphotericin-B polymeric complex administered will be based on the amount of Amphotericin contained therein.
  • the amount administered will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/day and preferably from about 0.2 to about 3 mg/kg/day.
  • Methoxypolyethylene glycol of molecular weight 5,000 (Union Carbide, 60 g 12 mmol) was dissolved in toluene/dichloromethane (3: 1 200 ml) and treated with a toluene solution of phosgene (20 mg, 57 mmol) overnight. The solution was evaporated to dryness and the remainder of phosgene was removed under vacuum. The residue was redissolved in toluene/dichloromethane (2.1 , 150 ml) and treated with solid N-hydroxysuccinimide (2: 1 g, 18 mmol) followed by triethylamine (1.7 ml, 12 mmol). After 3 hours, the solution was filtered and evaporated to dryness.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that 0.012 moles of octyl amine was used instead of octadecyl amine. Octyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol resulted.
  • a mixture of 25 g (5.0 mmoles) of m-PEG-Cl and 6.5 g (50 mmoles) of n- octylamine in 100 ml of water is placed in a 250 ml polypropylene bottle. This sealed bottle is kept in a water bath at 60°C for 48 hours with occasional agitation, followed by cooling to room temperature and removal of the solvent by distillation in vacuo.
  • the product is purified by recrystallization from 2-propanol.
  • a mixture of 25 g (5.0 mmoles) of m-PEG-Cl and 5.6 g (50 mmoles) of 2- aminonorbornane (available from Aldrich Chemical) in 100 ml of water is placed in a 250 ml polypropylene bottle. This sealed bottle is kept in a water bath at 60° C for 48 hours with occasional agitation, followed by cooling to room temperature and removal of the solvent by distillation in vacuo. The product is purified by recrystallization from 1-propanol.
  • a solution of tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) is added to a solution of the octylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (1.99 g, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (120 ml). The contents are stirred overnight and the reaction is worked as in Example 7. The product obtained is stable in water for 12 hours and in a pH 7.8 phosphate buffer is found to be stable for at least three months.
  • a solution of tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) in methanol (3 ml) is added to a solution of propylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol), 2.3 g, 0.45 mmol) in methanol (120 ml).
  • the propyl carbamate of mPEG was prepared in a manner similar to that set forth in Examples 2-3. The contents are stirred overnight. Methanol is removed and 100 ml of water is added to the solid obtained.
  • the solution is not homogenous as in Examples 7 and 8.
  • the solid is insoluble in water and indicates that the desired complex for making tacrine water-soluble is not formed.
  • Solid tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) is added to a solution of the octadecylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (2.3 g, 0.45 mmol) in water (100 ml) and the contents stirred overnight.
  • the tacrine remains insoluble in water indicating that an organic solvent, such as methanol, is needed for complex formation.
  • the tacrine-PEG compounds from Example 7 are tested for their ability to inhibit eel or human red blood cell AChE activity.
  • IC 5 ⁇ values with ACh chloride, (acetyl- 3 H) from New England Nuclear (specific activity of 90 mCi/mmole) as substrate.
  • concentration of inhibitor producing 50% inhibition of AChE activity (IC 50 ) is determined graphically using data derived from triplicate determinations of enzyme inhibition by at least six different inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 100 uM Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity is determined by the microplate colorimetric Ellman assay using 1 mM butyrylthiochloine as substrate.
  • the assays were done in triplicate and read using a Molecular Devices Thermomax microplate reader set at 405 nm. Using tacrine HC1, the determined IC J() value is observed to be 30 nM. For the complex formed according to the procedure of Example 7 above, i.e., with the octadecyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol (5000) and tacrine, the determined IC J( , value is observed to be 23.3 nM. Therefore, these are determined to be essentially equipotent.
  • Amphotericin-B is a water-insoluble antifungal agent which has become the mainstay of therapy for Candida albicans infections.
  • an equimolar amount of Amphotericin-B and the octadecyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol are dissolved in a dimethylformamide/ethanol mixture and stirred for 18 hours at room temperature and the solvent evaporated.
  • the solid obtained is redissolved in water and passed through a 0.4 micron filter to remove the particulates.
  • the resulting clear, yellow solution is frozen and lyophilized to give a yellow powder which is water-soluble. There is no difference in retention time on reverse-phase HPLC between the starting material and product.
  • Example 13 the anti-fungal and hemolytic activities of the Amphotericin- B polymer complex of Example 13 were compared to those of Amphotericin-B.
  • Candida albicans ATCC 32089 was grown in 2 ml of YPD broth (Yeast extract- Peptone-Dextrose broth; page 1079 in Atlas, R.M. and L.C. Parks (ed), Handbook of Microbiological Media 1993, CRC Press) overnight at 37°C in a shaker. The overnight culture was diluted with an equal volume of fresh YPD broth and incubated for 2 more hours. 50 ⁇ of this inoculum culture was added to each of a series of tubes containing 5 ml of YPD broth and various concentrations of Amphotericin-B ("Ampho; " added from a stock solution of

Abstract

A method for rendering water-insoluble materials water-soluble is provided. The method is useful for solubilizing substantially water-insoluble bioactive materials such as drugs. This is accomplished by forming a non-covalently bonded complex between the drug and a polymer which is soluble in both water and an organic solvent. This is carried out by combining the desired medicinal agent with the polymer in an organic solvent, removing the solvent and dissolving the complex in water or aqueous buffer. When the organic solvent is evaporated, a solid complex is recovered which is water-soluble. Methods of treatment with the complexes are provided.

Description

METHOD OF SOLUBI TZING SUBSTANTIALLY WATER INSOLUBLE MATERIALS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 08/252,854 filed June 2, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for rendering water-insoluble materials water-soluble. More particularly, the invention pertains to a method for making substantially water-insoluble bioactive materials, such as drugs, more water- soluble by forming non-covalent complexes with polymers which are soluble in both water and organic solvents. Description of the Prior Art
It is known in the art that a wide variety of bioactive materials are either completely or substantially insoluble in water. It would be most advantageous if such materials could be made more water-soluble while maintaining their bioactivity. In the prior art, when a promising drug candidate was found to be insufficiently water- soluble, research focussed on molecular alteration of the compound to produce a water-soluble analog, such as its salt form. However, many times such is not possible and a compound which has beneficial properties must be abandoned. Other attempts at solubilizing drugs include, for example, U.S. Patent No.
5, 160,734 which discloses complexing a poorly water-soluble drug with a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer. A complex is formed by blending the polymer, drug and ethanol followed by granulation with lactose and vacuum drying. U.S. Patent No. 5,030,448 suggests taking advantage of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic portions of a polymer which is surface active. This system requires a hydrophobic central moiety instead of one which is water-soluble. U.S. Patent No. 2,898,267 shows the use of polyalkylene oxide adducts of C9-C22 alkyl alcohols to form emulsions. U.S. Patent No. 4,904,466 shows polymers which form gels at low water concentrations by using a C8-C20 group containing polyethylene ether surfactants in capped polyether polymer gels for drug delivery.
U.S. Patent No. 4,511,563 discloses analgesic gels using block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Only mixtures are shown. None of these suggest a mechanism for making a water-insoluble component water-soluble.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a water-soluble, polymeric compound having the structure:
(I) R-X-Z-X-R' wherein:
R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group; X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, ;
Figure imgf000004_0001
-N-C-O- ; -C- ; -C-N- ; and -N-C-N- ; I II II II I I II I
L Y Y Y L L Y L wherein L is H or a C,^ alkyl; and Y is O or S;
Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and R' is H, OH or C1-24 alkyl.
The invention also provides a water-soluble complex comprising a substantially water-insoluble compound non-covalently bonded to one of the above- described polymeric compounds and methods of producing the complexes.
The invention still further provides a method of preparing solutions containing the above-described complexes. The method includes contacting a substantially water-insoluble compound with a polymeric compound of the structure shown above in the presence of an organic solvent; separating the complex from the organic solvent; and combining the complex with water.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided water-soluble complexes of the polymer derivative described above along with a medicinal agent selected from the group consisting of Amphotericin-B and tacrine.
Yet another aspect of the invention includes methods of treatment. In this aspect of the invention, complexes described above containing a medicinal agent are administered to a mammal in need of the medicinal agent. Such treatment methods are preferably carried out by administering the complexes as part of an aqueous solution.
As a result of the present invention, the artisan is presented with an additional means of solubilizing substantially water-insoluble materials such as medicinal agents.
In certain aspects of the invention, the polymeric complexes also allow a medicinal agent such as Amphotericin-B to be delivered in a manner which is substantially safer than methods previously used without loss of potency.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the antifungal effect of amphotericin and polyethylene glycol conjugated amphotericin in accordance with the present invention on Candida growth. Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of amphotericin and polyethylene glycol conjugated amphotericin in accordance with the present invention on hemolysis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The invention provides methods for solubilizing substantially water-insoluble compounds such as medicinal agents. The methods include forming a complex of the water-insoluble compound and a water-soluble polymer in an approximately equimolar ratio. The polymer portion of the complex contains a terminal hydrophobic aromatic, alkyl or olefinic group which is believed to be in a non- covalent mating relationship with the water-insoluble compound.
The complex is formed by mixing the desired water-insoluble compound with the polymer in a suitable organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride and mixtures thereof, removing the solvent and dissolving the residue in water or suitable aqueous buffer.
Molar ratios of polymer to target water-insoluble medicinal agent or drug range from about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1. The amount of polymer to effect this result varies in proportion, molecular weight and chain length for each medicinal and can also be determined empirically.
The resultant compound may have a different HPLC spectrum from the water- insoluble compound, i.e., drug and polymer as individual components, but the same NMR spectra as a mixture of the two individual components. Nevertheless, no covalent bond is formed. When the complex is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as ethanol, the original components can be recovered. While Applicants are not bound by theory, it is believed that the hydrophobic portion of the water-insoluble polymer attracts the water-insoluble drug by Van Der Waals forces. Further, it is believed that the polymeric compounds do not act as surfactants to achieve the solubilizing effect. Surfactants are typically low molecular weight compounds (MW < 1,000) used in severalfold molar excesses to form micelles. The polymeric compounds of the present invention, on the other hand, are of higher molecular weights ranging from about 1,000 to about 40,000. Furthermore, the polymeric compounds are preferably used in approximately equimolar ratios with the compound to be solubilized. The polymeric compositions have the structure:
(I) R-X-Z-X-R' wherein R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloalkyl such as cyclooctyls, cyclodecyls and cyclododecyls; bicycloalkyl such as norbornyl derivatives and di-, tri- and sesquiterpenes; or an olefin group such as an oleic derivative. Preferably, R is a C6-C24 alkyl group and, most preferably, R is a C8-C,8 alkyl group. It is to be understood that suitable alkyls include straight and branched alkyls.
In alternative aspects of the invention, R is an aromatic group such as a phenyl, substituted phenyl, substituted phenyl and the like, or even a cyano- substituted group.
Each X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -O-C-N- ; -0-C-O- ; -O-C- L Y L Y Y
-N-C-O- ; -C- ; -C-N- ; and -N-C-N- ; I II " FT l i t I I I I L Y Y Y L L Y L
wherein L is H or a CM alkyl; and Y is O or S; and R' is H, OH or C^ alkyl. Preferably, R' is a C,^ alkyl group and most preferably CH3.
The polymeric compounds are formed by capping a water-soluble polymer residue, designated Z herein, with XR or XR' groups. Mono-activated, alkyl- terminated polyalkylene oxides such as monomethyl-terminated polyethylene glycols
( PEG's) are preferred; bis-activated polyethylene oxides are also contemplated.
Non-limited examples of such water-soluble polymers include polyalkylene oxide homopolymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyoxyethylenated polyols, copolymers and block copolymers of PEG, PPG (polypropylene glycol) and/or EO
(ethylene oxide), provided that the water solubility of a copolymer is maintained.
Although polyethylene glycols vary substantially by weight, water-soluble polymer residues Z are formed from polymers having a molecular weight ranges of from about
1,000 to about 40,000 are usually selected for the purposes of the present invention. Molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 7,500 are preferred and 2,000 to about 5,000 are particularly preferred. The polymer residues included herein are water-soluble at room temperature.
The polymeric compounds, therefore, have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 40,000, more preferably from about 2,000 to about 12,000 and most preferably from about 2,000 to about 5,000. For purposes of the present invention, effectively non-antigenic means and all polymeric materials understood in the art as being substantially nontoxic and not eliciting an appreciable immunogenic response in mammals. 5 Synthesis of the water-soluble polymeric compounds of the present invention includes reacting equimolar amounts of an alkylated polyethylene glycol with a fatty alcohol or fatty amine in an inert solvent. The following are suitable reaction mechanisms:
1. mPEG-OH + R-fj-Cl --> mPEG-O-C-R 10 O O
2. mPEG-Cl + R-NH-, - > mPEG-NR
I H
3. mPEG-NH2 +R-NCO -> mPEG-N-C-NH-R
I II
H O
15 4. mPEG-NH, +R-NCS --> mPEG-N-C-NH-R
I II
o 2π0 5. OR
Figure imgf000008_0001
6. mPEG-NCO + ROH -- > mPEG-N-C-OR
I II 25 H O
7. mPEG-NCS + RNH2 -> mPEG-N-C-NH-R i II
H S
30 8.
Figure imgf000008_0002
In the above mechanisms, mPEG represents a methoxypolyethylene glycol or a methoxypolypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 1 ,000 to about 40,000, and R is a C8-C24 alkyl group. The other variant species of the polymer can be prepared by those skilled in the art in an analogous manner. It is to be understood that the mPEG derivatives are shown above for purpose of illustration and that the alternative polymers described above can also be converted into the inventive compounds using suitable techniques.
In the practice of the present invention, the water-soluble complex is prepared by combining the desired water-insoluble compound such as a medicinal agent or drug with the polymer in an organic solvent in which both are soluble and then removing the solvent. Suitable water-insoluble compounds include essentially any compound which can benefit from increased water solubility. It should be capable of forming a non-covalent complex with the water-soluble polymeric compound. For the purposes of this invention water-insoluble compounds are those having solubility in water of less than 10 mg/ l and preferably less than 1 mg/ml. Examples of suitable medicinal agents non-exclusively include tacrine, Amphotericin-B, campthothecin, free base forms of antibiotics, cyclosporin-A, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic agents, etc. Preferred aspects of the invention include complexes of Amphotericin-B or tacrine with the polymers described herein. Suitable organic solvents non-exclusively include alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof. Alcohols, however, particularly ethanol, are most preferred. The mixing temperature should be below the decomposition temperature of the components, and is preferably from about 4°C to about 115°C, most preferably about 25 to 60°C. The water-soluble polymer containing the terminal hydrophobic group is preferably combined with the water- insoluble compound is a mole ratio of generally from about 1 : 1 to about 4: 1 , preferably from about 1 : 1 to about 2: 1 and most preferably 1: 1. The reaction is conducted in an inert solvent which is present in that amount sufficient to form a homogenous solution of the components. Thereafter, the solvent is removed such as by evaporating or vacuum.
When the water-insoluble compound is a bio-effecting substance or drug, the formed complex retains at least a portion of the bioactivity of the drug prior to complexing. For purposes of the present invention, the term "bio-effecting substance" means a substance capable of having a biologically determinable effect in mammals. "Portion of the activity" shall be understood to mean that at least some therapeutic effectiveness is maintained.
Another aspect of the present invention provides methods of treatment for various medical conditions in mammals. The methods include administering an effective amount of the drug-containing complex which has been prepared as described herein to a mammal in need of such treatment. The complexes are useful for, among other things, treating infections, as in the case of Amphotericin-B complexes, neurological conditions, as in the case of tacrine complexes, neoplastic disease, reducing tumor burden, preventing metastasis of neoplasms and preventing recurrences of tumor/neoplastic growths, in the case of anti-neoplastic agent complexes. The amount of complex used in the treatment methods is generally that amount which effectively achieves the desired therapeutic result in mammals. Naturally, the dosages of the various complexes will vary depending upon the intended use and medicinal agent selected. Those skilled in the art will determine the optimal dosing of the conjugate selected based on clinical experience and the treatment indications.
The complexes of the present invention can be included in one or more suitable pharmaceutical compositions for administration to mammals. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a solution, suspension, tablet, capsule or the like, prepared according to methods well known in the art. It is also contemplated that administration of such compositions may be by the oral and/or parenteral routes depending upon the needs of the artisan. In preferred aspects, the complexes are administered as aqueous solutions.
In the case of Amphotericin-B, it has been surprisingly found that the complexes and methods of the present invention provide a means for increasing its water-solubility and reducing its toxicity to erythrocytes.
In this aspect of the invention, the amount of Amphotericin-B polymeric complex administered will be based on the amount of Amphotericin contained therein. For example, the amount administered will range from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg/day and preferably from about 0.2 to about 3 mg/kg/day.
The following non-limiting examples serve to illustrate the invention but are not meant in any way to restrict the effective scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Succinimid lcarhonate-Polvethylene Glycol fmSCPEG)
Methoxypolyethylene glycol of molecular weight 5,000 (Union Carbide, 60 g 12 mmol) was dissolved in toluene/dichloromethane (3: 1 200 ml) and treated with a toluene solution of phosgene (20 mg, 57 mmol) overnight. The solution was evaporated to dryness and the remainder of phosgene was removed under vacuum. The residue was redissolved in toluene/dichloromethane (2.1 , 150 ml) and treated with solid N-hydroxysuccinimide (2: 1 g, 18 mmol) followed by triethylamine (1.7 ml, 12 mmol). After 3 hours, the solution was filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in warm (50°C.) ethyl acetate (600 ml), filtered from trace insolubles and cooled to facilitate precipitation of the polymer. The product was collected by filtration and then recrystallized once more from ethylacetate. The product as dried in vacuo over P2O5. The yield was 52.5 g (85 % of theoretical). To determine the active carbonate content of the product, samples of the polymer were reacted with a measured amount of benzylamine in dichloromethane and the excess of amine was titrated with perchloric acid in dioxane. These titrations indicated that 1 g of the product contained 1.97 X lO" mole of active carbonate (101 % of theoretical content). I.R. (film on NaCl, cm"1) characteristic bands at: 1812 and 1789 (both C=O, succinimide); 1742 (C=0, carbonate); 11 14 (CH2OCH2). C,3-NMR (CDC13): delta 168.5 (CH2C=0); 151.3 (0-C02); 71.9 (CH3OCH2); 70.2 (PEG); 68.7 (CH2CH2OCO2); (CH3HC2OCO2); 68.0 (CH2CH2OCO2); 58.9 (CH3O); 25.2 (CH3C=0) ppm.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of Octadecyl Carbamate of Methoxypolyethylene Glvcol Octadecyl amine (3.25 g) 0.012 moles is added to a solution of mSCPEG (Ex.
1) (50.4g, 0.008 mol) in dichloromethane (200 ml) and the contents are stirred for one hour. The solvent is evaporated and the solid obtained is recrystallized from 2- propanol and ethyl ether to give the octadecyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol. C13 NMR confirms the analysis.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Octyl Carbamate of Methoxypolyethylene Glycol
The procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that 0.012 moles of octyl amine was used instead of octadecyl amine. Octyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol resulted.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of n-Octylamino-m-PEG
A mixture of 25 g (5.0 mmoles) of m-PEG-Cl and 6.5 g (50 mmoles) of n- octylamine in 100 ml of water is placed in a 250 ml polypropylene bottle. This sealed bottle is kept in a water bath at 60°C for 48 hours with occasional agitation, followed by cooling to room temperature and removal of the solvent by distillation in vacuo.
The product is purified by recrystallization from 2-propanol.
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Norbornylamino-m-PEG
A mixture of 25 g (5.0 mmoles) of m-PEG-Cl and 5.6 g (50 mmoles) of 2- aminonorbornane (available from Aldrich Chemical) in 100 ml of water is placed in a 250 ml polypropylene bottle. This sealed bottle is kept in a water bath at 60° C for 48 hours with occasional agitation, followed by cooling to room temperature and removal of the solvent by distillation in vacuo. The product is purified by recrystallization from 1-propanol.
EXAMPLE 6
Preparation of Norhornyl-m-PEG-Amide
A solution of 20 g (4.0 mmoles) of m-PEG acid, 0.7 g (6.3 mmoles) of 2- aminonorbornane (available from Aldrich Chemical), 0.8 g (6.3 mmoles) of diisopropylcarbodiimide and 0.8 g (6.3 mmoles) of dimethylaminopyridine in 100 ml of dichloromethane is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. Removal of the solvent in vacuo, followed by recrystallization from 2-propanol yielded the mPEG amide.
EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of Tacrine-Octadecyl Carbamate of mPEG Complex A solution of tacrine (80 mg, 0.34 mmol.) in methanol (3 ml) is added to a solution of the octadecylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (1.99 g, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (80 ml). The contents are stirred overnight. The reaction is worked out by removing the solvent and the solid obtained is dissolved in water (80 ml). This water solution is passed through a 0.4 micron filter to remove particulates and lyophilized to give a white powder. This product (2.07 g) exhibits a different
HPLC retention time than the tacrine starting material. Tacrine has a retention time of 13 minutes on a C8 reverse phase column using methanol as mobile phase whereas the product has a retention time of 26 minutes. Cu NMR and *H NMR of this product in methanol indicates resonances corresponding to tacrine as well as the octadecyl carbamate of methoxy polyethylene glycol. Stability of this compound was determined by dissolving small amounts in water, pH 7.8 phosphate buffer and methanol. All solutions remain clear for at least three months. HPLC RT WATER
COMPOUND (MIN) SOLUBILITY STABILITY
Tacrine in methanol 13 Insoluble n/a
Tacrine + octadecyl 26 Soluble Stable in carbamate of methoxypoly- (100 mg/ml) deionized water, ethylene-glycol in methanol pH 7.26 phosphate buffer and methanol for 7 weeks.
EXAMPLE 8
A solution of tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) is added to a solution of the octylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (1.99 g, 0.34 mmol) in methanol (120 ml). The contents are stirred overnight and the reaction is worked as in Example 7. The product obtained is stable in water for 12 hours and in a pH 7.8 phosphate buffer is found to be stable for at least three months.
EXAMPLE 9 (COMPARATIVE)
A solution of tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) in methanol (3 ml) is added to a solution of propylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol), 2.3 g, 0.45 mmol) in methanol (120 ml). The propyl carbamate of mPEG was prepared in a manner similar to that set forth in Examples 2-3. The contents are stirred overnight. Methanol is removed and 100 ml of water is added to the solid obtained. The solution is not homogenous as in Examples 7 and 8. The solid is insoluble in water and indicates that the desired complex for making tacrine water-soluble is not formed.
EXAMPLE 10 (COMPARATIVE
Solid tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) is added to a solution of the octadecylcarbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (2.3 g, 0.45 mmol) in water (100 ml) and the contents stirred overnight. The tacrine remains insoluble in water indicating that an organic solvent, such as methanol, is needed for complex formation.
EXAMPLE 11 (COMPARATIVE)
A solution of methoxypolyethylene glycol, (2.2 g., 0.43 mmol) in methanol (90 ml) is added to a solution of tacrine (100 mg, 0.43 mmol) in methanol (3 ml).
The contents are stirred overnight. Methanol is removed and water (150 ml) is added to dissolve the solid. Approximately 100 mg of the solid remains insoluble indicating that methylpolyethylene glycol-OH is not able to form the inventive complexes whereas when a sufficiently long, i.e., C8 or greater hydrophobic chain is attached to this molecule the inventive complexes readily form.
EXAMPLE 12 Determination of Cholinesterase Activity
The tacrine-PEG compounds from Example 7 are tested for their ability to inhibit eel or human red blood cell AChE activity. The modified radiometric AChE assay of Johnson and Russell, Anal. Biochem., (1975) 64, 229 and Emmerling &
Sabkowicz, Hearing Res.τ (1988) 32, 137 is used for the determination of IC5ϋ values with ACh chloride, (acetyl-3H) from New England Nuclear (specific activity of 90 mCi/mmole) as substrate. The concentration of inhibitor producing 50% inhibition of AChE activity (IC50) is determined graphically using data derived from triplicate determinations of enzyme inhibition by at least six different inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 100 uM Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity is determined by the microplate colorimetric Ellman assay using 1 mM butyrylthiochloine as substrate. The assays were done in triplicate and read using a Molecular Devices Thermomax microplate reader set at 405 nm. Using tacrine HC1, the determined ICJ() value is observed to be 30 nM. For the complex formed according to the procedure of Example 7 above, i.e., with the octadecyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol (5000) and tacrine, the determined ICJ(, value is observed to be 23.3 nM. Therefore, these are determined to be essentially equipotent.
EXAMPLE 13
Amphotericin-B is a water-insoluble antifungal agent which has become the mainstay of therapy for Candida albicans infections. In order to make it water- soluble, an equimolar amount of Amphotericin-B and the octadecyl carbamate of methoxypolyethylene glycol are dissolved in a dimethylformamide/ethanol mixture and stirred for 18 hours at room temperature and the solvent evaporated. The solid obtained is redissolved in water and passed through a 0.4 micron filter to remove the particulates. The resulting clear, yellow solution is frozen and lyophilized to give a yellow powder which is water-soluble. There is no difference in retention time on reverse-phase HPLC between the starting material and product. 'H NMR behavior is similar to the individual components. The stability of the product is determined by dissolving in deionized water and pH 7.26 phosphate buffer. Solid Amphotericin-B precipitates from the buffer solution in two weeks, whereas the water solution remains clear for at least 7 weeks when the experiment is stopped.
HPLC
RT WATER
COMPOUND (MIN) SOLUBILITY STABILITY
Amphotericin-B 8.13 Insoluble n/a
Amphotericin-B plus 8.13 Soluble Stable up to 2 octadecyl carbamate of (8 mg/ml) weeks in pH ethoxy-polyethylene-glycol 7.26 phosphate buffer and 7 weeks in deionized water EXAMPLE 14
In this Example, the anti-fungal and hemolytic activities of the Amphotericin- B polymer complex of Example 13 were compared to those of Amphotericin-B.
To test anti-fungal activity, Candida albicans ATCC 32089 was grown in 2 ml of YPD broth (Yeast extract- Peptone-Dextrose broth; page 1079 in Atlas, R.M. and L.C. Parks (ed), Handbook of Microbiological Media 1993, CRC Press) overnight at 37°C in a shaker. The overnight culture was diluted with an equal volume of fresh YPD broth and incubated for 2 more hours. 50 μ\ of this inoculum culture was added to each of a series of tubes containing 5 ml of YPD broth and various concentrations of Amphotericin-B ("Ampho; " added from a stock solution of
1 mM in DMSO) or Amphotericin-B polymer complex ("PegAmpho;" added from a stock solution of 1 mM in sterile distilled water). Tubes were incubated at 37°C with shaking (200 rpm) for 8 hours, and the extent of growth was then determined by measuring the optical density of the tube cultures at a wavelength of 600 nm. As can be seen from Figure 1 , the complexation of the drug with the polymeric compositions of the present invention does not detract from antifungal activity.
The ability of the complexes to reduce the toxicity of Amphotericin-B was shown using the erythrocyte hemolysis toxicity assay as described by Forster et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol .τ 40: 325-328 (1988). A sample of fresh human blood was added at a 1/50 dilution to each of a series of tubes containing 10 mM phosphate buffered saline, pH 7, and various concentrations of Amphotericin-B ("Ampho;" added from a stock solution of 1 mM in DMSO) or Amphotericin-B polymer complex ("PegAmpho;" added from a stock solution of 1 mM in sterile distilled water). The detergent tween at a concentration of 1 % was used in the control to lyse 100% of the erythrocytes. The tubes were incubated at 37C for 4 hours and then centrifuged at
12,000 X g for 5 minutes. Optical density of each supernatant was measured at a wavelength of 414 nm. As can be seen from Figure 2, the complexes of the present invention caused less toxicity (i.e., hemolysis) than did Amphotericin-B at concentrations of 10"5 M or greater. The results of this Example demonstrate that the Amphotericin-B polymer complexes of the present invention maintain anti-fungal activity but have reduced toxicity (i.e., hemolytic activity).

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A water-soluble, polymeric compound of the formula:
R-X-Z-X-R' wherein:
R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloakyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group;
X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -O-C-N- ; -O-β-O- ; -0-tø-; L Y L Y Y
- Lψ Y-°- '. Y" ; i YrPL- J and W L Y L ; wherein L is H or a C,^, alkyl; and Y is O or S; Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and R' is H, OH or C1-24 alkyl.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 40,000.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein Z is a polyalkylene oxide homopolymer or copolymer residue.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein Z is a polyethylene glycol residue.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein Z has a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 12,000.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 10,000.
7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R is C18 alkyl group and R' is methyl.
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each X is oxygen.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one X is -O-C-N- .
Y L
10. A water-soluble complex comprising a substantially water-insoluble compound non-covalently bonded to a water-soluble, polymeric compound having the structure:
R-X-Z-X-R' wherein
R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group;
X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -0-f>N- ; -0-C-O- ; -O-<j -; L Y L Y Y
-N-f-O- ; -£- ; -C-N- ; and -N- -N- ; L Y Y Y L L Y L where L is selected from H or a CM alkyl; and Y is O or S;
Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and
R' is H, OH or C1-24 alkyl; said compound having a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 40,000.
11. The complex of claim 10, wherein Z is a polyalkylene oxide homopolymer or copolymer residue.
12. The complex of claim 11, wherein Z is a polyethylene glycol residue.
13. The complex of claim 10, wherein Z has a molecular weight of from about 200 to about 10,000.
14. The complex of claim 10, wherein R is a C18 alkyl group and R' is a methyl.
15. The complex of claim 10, wherein each X is oxygen.
16. The complex of claim 10, wherein at least one X is east one X is
-O-C-N- . I I I
Y L
17. The complex of claim 10. wherein the substantially water-insoluble compound comprises a bio-effecting substance.
18. The complex of claim 17, wherein said bio-affecting substance is selected from the group consisting of tacrine, Amphotericin-B, cyclosporine, free base forms of antibiotics, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and anti- psychotic agents.
19. The complex of claim 18, wherein said bio-effecting substance is Amphotericin-B.
20. A method of preparing a water-soluble complex comprising: a) contacting a substantially water-insoluble compound with a water- soluble, polymeric compound having the structure:
R-X-Z-X-R' wherein
R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group;
X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -O-f-N- ; -O-C-O- ; -O-C-; L Y L Y Y
-N-C-O- ; -C- ; -C-N- ; and -N-C-N- ;
' II II n I I if 1 '
L Y Y Y L L Y L
where L is selected from H or a C,^ alkyl; and Y is O or S; Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and R' is H, OH or C,.24 alkyl; which compound has a molecular weight of from about 1 ,000 to about 40,000; and b) separating the complex from the organic solvent.
21. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of mixing the complex with an aqueous solution.
22. A method of administering Amphotericin-B to a mammal in need thereof, comprising preparing a water-soluble, non-covalent complex of Amphotericin-B with a water-soluble polymer having the structure
R-X-Z-X-R' wherein
R is a C6-C30 alkyl, cycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl or olefin group;
X is independently selected from the group consisting of: oxygen, sulfur, -N- ; -O-Cf-N- ; -0-C-O- ; -0-£-; L Y L Y Y
Figure imgf000022_0001
where L is selected from H or a C,^ alkyl; and Y is O or S;
Z is a water-soluble polymer residue; and
R' is H, OH or C,-24 alkyl; mixing the complex with water to form a solution, and administering said solution to a mammal in need thereof.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said Amphotericin-B is administered in an amount of from about 0.2 mg/kg/day to about 3.0 mg/kg/day.
PCT/US1995/007502 1994-06-02 1995-06-02 Method of solubilizing substantially water insoluble materials WO1995033490A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU28264/95A AU2826495A (en) 1994-06-02 1995-06-02 Method of solubilizing substantially water insoluble materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25285494A 1994-06-02 1994-06-02
US08/252,854 1994-06-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995033490A1 true WO1995033490A1 (en) 1995-12-14

Family

ID=22957829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/007502 WO1995033490A1 (en) 1994-06-02 1995-06-02 Method of solubilizing substantially water insoluble materials

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US5686110A (en)
AU (1) AU2826495A (en)
WO (1) WO1995033490A1 (en)

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001005819A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd. Novel water soluble-cyclosporine conjugated compounds
JP2001508783A (en) * 1997-01-29 2001-07-03 ポリマスク・ファーマシューティカルズ・パブリック・リミテッド・カンパニー PEGylation method
US6284268B1 (en) 1997-12-10 2001-09-04 Cyclosporine Therapeutics Limited Pharmaceutical compositions containing an omega-3 fatty acid oil
WO2004000366A1 (en) 2002-06-21 2003-12-31 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Pegylated factor vii glycoforms
WO2006009901A2 (en) 2004-06-18 2006-01-26 Ambrx, Inc. Novel antigen-binding polypeptides and their uses
WO2006134173A2 (en) 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Selective reduction and derivatization of engineered proteins comprising at least one non-native cysteine
WO2008030558A2 (en) 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or fc scaffolds and their uses
EP1982732A2 (en) 2000-02-11 2008-10-22 Maxygen Holdings Ltd. Factor VII or VIIA-like molecules
WO2009067636A2 (en) 2007-11-20 2009-05-28 Ambrx, Inc. Modified insulin polypeptides and their uses
EP2080771A2 (en) 2001-02-27 2009-07-22 Maxygen Aps New interferon beta-like molecules
EP2133098A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2009-12-16 Maxygen Holdings Ltd G-CSF conjugates
WO2010011735A2 (en) 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine g-csf polypeptides and their uses
US7736872B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-06-15 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-TRNA synthetase and uses thereof
EP2213733A2 (en) 2006-05-24 2010-08-04 Novo Nordisk Health Care AG Factor IX analogues having prolonged in vivo half life
US7816320B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-10-19 Ambrx, Inc. Formulations of human growth hormone comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid at position 35
EP2263684A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2010-12-22 Novo Nordisk A/S IL-21 derivatives
EP2284191A2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-02-16 Ambrx, Inc. Process for the preparation of hGH
US7947473B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-05-24 Ambrx, Inc. Methods for expression and purification of pegylated recombinant human growth hormone containing a non-naturally encoded keto amino acid
EP2327724A2 (en) 2004-02-02 2011-06-01 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human growth hormone polypeptides and their uses
US8012931B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2011-09-06 Ambrx, Inc. Modified FGF-21 polypeptides and their uses
WO2011107591A1 (en) 2010-03-05 2011-09-09 Rigshospitalet Chimeric inhibitor molecules of complement activation
WO2011143274A1 (en) 2010-05-10 2011-11-17 Perseid Therapeutics Polypeptide inhibitors of vla4
US8093356B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2012-01-10 Ambrx, Inc. Pegylated human interferon polypeptides
US8114630B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2012-02-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified interferon beta polypeptides and their uses
WO2012024452A2 (en) 2010-08-17 2012-02-23 Ambrx, Inc. Modified relaxin polypeptides and their uses
US8278418B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2012-10-02 Ambrx, Inc. Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
WO2013004607A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Relaxin fusion polypeptides and uses thereof
US8420792B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2013-04-16 Ambrx, Inc. Suppressor tRNA transcription in vertebrate cells
EP2633866A2 (en) 2003-10-17 2013-09-04 Novo Nordisk A/S Combination therapy
WO2013185115A1 (en) 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2014036492A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified amino acids comprising an azido group
EP2805965A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2014-11-26 Ambrx, Inc. Modified porcine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses
EP2805964A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2014-11-26 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses
WO2015006555A2 (en) 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising multiple site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2015054658A1 (en) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified amino acids comprising tetrazine functional groups, methods of preparation, and methods of their use
US9121025B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2015-09-01 Ambrx, Inc. Non-natural amino acid replication-dependent microorganisms and vaccines
US9133495B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2015-09-15 Ambrx, Inc. Hybrid suppressor tRNA for vertebrate cells
US9434778B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2016-09-06 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising an internal deletion and uses thereof
US9488660B2 (en) 2005-11-16 2016-11-08 Ambrx, Inc. Methods and compositions comprising non-natural amino acids
EP3103880A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2016-12-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified leptin polypeptides and their uses
US9567386B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2017-02-14 Ambrx, Inc. Therapeutic uses of modified relaxin polypeptides
EP3135690A1 (en) 2012-06-26 2017-03-01 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified fc proteins comprising site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, conjugates of the same, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
US10266578B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2019-04-23 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a pharmacokinetic enhancer and uses thereof
WO2020056066A1 (en) 2018-09-11 2020-03-19 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-2 polypeptide conjugates and their uses
WO2020082057A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-04-23 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-10 polypeptide conjugates, dimers thereof, and their uses
WO2020168017A1 (en) 2019-02-12 2020-08-20 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions containing, methods and uses of antibody-tlr agonist conjugates
WO2021183832A1 (en) 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-2 polypeptide conjugates and methods of use thereof
WO2022040596A1 (en) 2020-08-20 2022-02-24 Ambrx, Inc. Antibody-tlr agonist conjugates, methods and uses thereof
US11273202B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2022-03-15 Elanco Us Inc. Formulations for bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor and variants thereof
WO2022212899A1 (en) 2021-04-03 2022-10-06 Ambrx, Inc. Anti-her2 antibody-drug conjugates and uses thereof

Families Citing this family (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2736550B1 (en) * 1995-07-14 1998-07-24 Sandoz Sa PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION IN THE FORM OF A SOLID DISPERSION COMPRISING A MACROLIDE AND A VEHICLE
US6428974B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2002-08-06 Kanto Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Microplate for drug susceptibility testing containing a drug, a color reagent, and color suppressant
US6632443B2 (en) * 2000-02-23 2003-10-14 National Research Council Of Canada Water-soluble compositions of bioactive lipophilic compounds
US6045826A (en) * 1999-04-02 2000-04-04 National Research Council Of Canada Water-soluble compositions of bioactive lipophilic compounds
US20080070981A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2008-03-20 Henryk Borowy-Borowski Water-soluble compositions of bioactive lipophilic compounds
US20040009229A1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2004-01-15 Unger Evan Charles Stabilized nanoparticle formulations of camptotheca derivatives
US20020041898A1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2002-04-11 Unger Evan C. Novel targeted delivery systems for bioactive agents
MXPA03000310A (en) * 2000-07-12 2004-12-13 Gryphon Therapeutics Inc Polymer-modified bioactive synthetic chemokines, and methods for their manufacture and use.
US7118737B2 (en) * 2000-09-08 2006-10-10 Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Polymer-modified synthetic proteins
EP1318827A4 (en) * 2000-09-08 2005-09-14 Gryphon Therapeutics Inc Polymer-modified synthetic proteins
WO2003002096A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-09 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Methods and compositions for polyene antibiotics with reduced toxicity
US20040077835A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2004-04-22 Robin Offord Chemokine receptor modulators, production and use
WO2003082303A1 (en) * 2002-03-29 2003-10-09 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Polymeric micelle formulations of hydrophobic compounds and methods
AU2003301409A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-05-04 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Encapsulation and deaggregation of polyene antibiotics using poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid micelles
EP1616003A4 (en) * 2002-12-30 2007-06-20 Gryphon Therapeutics Inc Water-soluble thioester and selenoester compounds and methods for making and using the same
US20040247624A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2004-12-09 Unger Evan Charles Methods of making pharmaceutical formulations for the delivery of drugs having low aqueous solubility
US7612153B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2009-11-03 Intezyne Technologies, Inc. Heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) and uses thereof
EP1868652A2 (en) 2005-04-05 2007-12-26 Istituto di Richerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti S.p.A. Method for shielding functional sites or epitopes on proteins
US7560588B2 (en) * 2006-04-27 2009-07-14 Intezyne Technologies, Inc. Poly(ethylene glycol) containing chemically disparate endgroups
US7985783B2 (en) 2006-09-21 2011-07-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Aldehyde tags, uses thereof in site-specific protein modification
EP1917971A1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-07 Société de Conseils de Recherches et d'Applications Scientifiques ( S.C.R.A.S.) Substained release formulations comprising very low molecular weight polymers
US9097667B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2015-08-04 Biotium, Inc. Fluorescent compounds
US8658434B2 (en) * 2009-10-28 2014-02-25 Biotium, Inc. Fluorescent pyrene compounds
PT2717917T (en) 2011-07-05 2016-07-27 Bioasis Technologies Inc P97-antibody conjugates
GB201210358D0 (en) * 2012-06-12 2012-07-25 Polytherics Ltd Complexes
AU2013296557B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2019-04-18 Bioasis Technologies Inc. Dephosphorylated lysosomal storage disease proteins and methods of use thereof
EP2916835A4 (en) 2012-11-12 2016-07-27 Redwood Bioscience Inc Compounds and methods for producing a conjugate
US9310374B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2016-04-12 Redwood Bioscience, Inc. Hydrazinyl-indole compounds and methods for producing a conjugate
WO2014078733A1 (en) 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Pictet-spengler ligation for protein chemical modification
NZ711373A (en) 2013-03-13 2020-07-31 Bioasis Technologies Inc Fragments of p97 and uses thereof
AU2014312190A1 (en) 2013-08-28 2016-02-18 Bioasis Technologies Inc. CNS-targeted conjugates of antibodies
US9493413B2 (en) 2013-11-27 2016-11-15 Redwood Bioscience, Inc. Hydrazinyl-pyrrolo compounds and methods for producing a conjugate
EP3732254A4 (en) 2017-12-26 2021-12-22 Becton, Dickinson and Company Deep ultraviolet-excitable water-solvated polymeric dyes
US10844228B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2020-11-24 Becton, Dickinson And Company Water-soluble polymeric dyes having pendant chromophores
CA3107332A1 (en) 2018-07-22 2020-01-30 Bioasis Technologies Inc. Treatment of lymphatic metastases
US20210355468A1 (en) 2020-05-18 2021-11-18 Bioasis Technologies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating lewy body dementia
US20210393787A1 (en) 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 Bioasis Technologies, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating frontotemporal dementia
EP4155349A1 (en) 2021-09-24 2023-03-29 Becton, Dickinson and Company Water-soluble yellow green absorbing dyes
WO2024007016A2 (en) 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Novel fluorescent dyes and polymers from dihydrophenanthrene derivatives
WO2024044327A1 (en) 2022-08-26 2024-02-29 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Dhnt monomers and polymer dyes with modified photophysical properties

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0118116A1 (en) * 1983-03-07 1984-09-12 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Construction of vehicle body
US4904466A (en) * 1987-03-31 1990-02-27 Basf Corporation Polymers which form gels at low concentrations in water

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898267A (en) * 1955-09-07 1959-08-04 Witco Chemical Corp Emulsifiable toxicant compositions and emulsifying agents therefor
US4215116A (en) * 1978-06-30 1980-07-29 Block Drug Company Inc. Propoxylate toxicants
US4534899A (en) * 1981-07-20 1985-08-13 Lipid Specialties, Inc. Synthetic phospholipid compounds
US4511563A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-04-16 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Clear analgesic gels with reduced tackiness
US5030448A (en) * 1986-05-15 1991-07-09 Emory University Method of delivering drugs to damaged or diseased tissue
US5080891A (en) * 1987-08-03 1992-01-14 Ddi Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Conjugates of superoxide dismutase coupled to high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols
US5160734A (en) * 1987-11-25 1992-11-03 American Cyanamid Company Sustained release delivery system for substituted dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
US4960790A (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-10-02 University Of Kansas Derivatives of taxol, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods for the preparation thereof
IT1246350B (en) * 1990-07-11 1994-11-17 Eurand Int METHOD FOR OBTAINING A RAPID SUSPENSION OF INSOLUBLE DRUGS IN WATER
FR2678833B1 (en) * 1991-07-08 1995-04-07 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NEW PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS BASED ON DERIVATIVES OF THE TAXANE CLASS.
US5681812A (en) * 1991-12-10 1997-10-28 Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Methods and compositions for reducing multidrug resistance
KR940003548U (en) * 1992-08-14 1994-02-21 김형술 Laundry dryer

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0118116A1 (en) * 1983-03-07 1984-09-12 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Construction of vehicle body
US4904466A (en) * 1987-03-31 1990-02-27 Basf Corporation Polymers which form gels at low concentrations in water

Cited By (114)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001508783A (en) * 1997-01-29 2001-07-03 ポリマスク・ファーマシューティカルズ・パブリック・リミテッド・カンパニー PEGylation method
US6284268B1 (en) 1997-12-10 2001-09-04 Cyclosporine Therapeutics Limited Pharmaceutical compositions containing an omega-3 fatty acid oil
WO2001005819A1 (en) * 1999-07-15 2001-01-25 Kuhnil Pharm. Co., Ltd. Novel water soluble-cyclosporine conjugated compounds
EP2133098A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2009-12-16 Maxygen Holdings Ltd G-CSF conjugates
EP2319541A1 (en) 2000-02-11 2011-05-11 Bayer HealthCare LLC Factor VII or VIIA-like conjugates
EP1982732A2 (en) 2000-02-11 2008-10-22 Maxygen Holdings Ltd. Factor VII or VIIA-like molecules
EP2080771A2 (en) 2001-02-27 2009-07-22 Maxygen Aps New interferon beta-like molecules
WO2004000366A1 (en) 2002-06-21 2003-12-31 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Pegylated factor vii glycoforms
EP2263684A1 (en) 2003-10-10 2010-12-22 Novo Nordisk A/S IL-21 derivatives
EP2633866A2 (en) 2003-10-17 2013-09-04 Novo Nordisk A/S Combination therapy
EP2641611A2 (en) 2003-10-17 2013-09-25 Novo Nordisk A/S Combination therapy
US8906676B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2014-12-09 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human four helical bundle polypeptides and their uses
US8907064B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2014-12-09 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human four helical bundle polypeptides and their uses
US8232371B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2012-07-31 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human interferon polypeptides and their uses
EP2327724A2 (en) 2004-02-02 2011-06-01 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human growth hormone polypeptides and their uses
US9260472B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2016-02-16 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human four helical bundle polypeptides and their uses
US8097702B2 (en) 2004-02-02 2012-01-17 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human interferon polypeptides with at least one non-naturally encoded amino acid and their uses
US9175083B2 (en) 2004-06-18 2015-11-03 Ambrx, Inc. Antigen-binding polypeptides and their uses
WO2006009901A2 (en) 2004-06-18 2006-01-26 Ambrx, Inc. Novel antigen-binding polypeptides and their uses
US7846689B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-12-07 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and uses thereof
US7838265B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-11-23 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and uses thereof
EP2284191A2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-02-16 Ambrx, Inc. Process for the preparation of hGH
US7858344B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-12-28 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and uses thereof
US7939496B2 (en) * 2004-12-22 2011-05-10 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human growth horomone polypeptides and their uses
US7736872B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-06-15 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-TRNA synthetase and uses thereof
US7947473B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-05-24 Ambrx, Inc. Methods for expression and purification of pegylated recombinant human growth hormone containing a non-naturally encoded keto amino acid
US7883866B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-02-08 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and uses thereof
US7959926B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-06-14 Ambrx, Inc. Methods for expression and purification of recombinant human growth hormone mutants
US7829310B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-11-09 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and uses thereof
US7816320B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-10-19 Ambrx, Inc. Formulations of human growth hormone comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid at position 35
US8178108B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2012-05-15 Ambrx, Inc. Methods for expression and purification of recombinant human growth hormone
US8178494B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2012-05-15 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human growth hormone formulations with an increased serum half-life
US8163695B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2012-04-24 Ambrx Formulations of human growth hormone comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid
US8143216B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2012-03-27 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human growth hormone
US8080391B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2011-12-20 Ambrx, Inc. Process of producing non-naturally encoded amino acid containing high conjugated to a water soluble polymer
US8093356B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2012-01-10 Ambrx, Inc. Pegylated human interferon polypeptides
EP2360170A2 (en) 2005-06-17 2011-08-24 Novo Nordisk Health Care AG Selective reduction and derivatization of engineered proteins comprinsing at least one non-native cysteine
WO2006134173A2 (en) 2005-06-17 2006-12-21 Novo Nordisk Health Care Ag Selective reduction and derivatization of engineered proteins comprising at least one non-native cysteine
US9488660B2 (en) 2005-11-16 2016-11-08 Ambrx, Inc. Methods and compositions comprising non-natural amino acids
EP2213733A2 (en) 2006-05-24 2010-08-04 Novo Nordisk Health Care AG Factor IX analogues having prolonged in vivo half life
US8022186B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2011-09-20 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or Fc scaffolds and their uses
US7919591B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2011-04-05 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or Fc scaffolds and their uses
WO2008030558A2 (en) 2006-09-08 2008-03-13 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or fc scaffolds and their uses
US8618257B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2013-12-31 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or Fc scaffolds and their uses
US9133495B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2015-09-15 Ambrx, Inc. Hybrid suppressor tRNA for vertebrate cells
US8053560B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2011-11-08 Ambrx, Inc. Modified human plasma polypeptide or Fc scaffolds and their uses
US8420792B2 (en) 2006-09-08 2013-04-16 Ambrx, Inc. Suppressor tRNA transcription in vertebrate cells
US10377805B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2019-08-13 Ambrx, Inc. Modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising non-naturally encoding amino acids and their uses
US9517273B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2016-12-13 Ambrx, Inc. Methods of treatment using modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising non-naturally occurring amino acids
US8383365B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2013-02-26 Ambrx, Inc. Methods of making FGF-21 mutants comprising non-naturally encoded phenylalanine derivatives
US9975936B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2018-05-22 Ambrx, Inc. Nucleic acids encoding modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising non-naturally occurring amino acids
US8012931B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2011-09-06 Ambrx, Inc. Modified FGF-21 polypeptides and their uses
US9079971B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2015-07-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising non-naturally occurring amino acids
US10961291B2 (en) 2007-03-30 2021-03-30 Ambrx, Inc. Modified FGF-21 polypeptides and their uses
US8114630B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2012-02-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified interferon beta polypeptides and their uses
US8946148B2 (en) 2007-11-20 2015-02-03 Ambrx, Inc. Modified insulin polypeptides and their uses
EP2930182A1 (en) 2007-11-20 2015-10-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified insulin polypeptides and their uses
WO2009067636A2 (en) 2007-11-20 2009-05-28 Ambrx, Inc. Modified insulin polypeptides and their uses
EP3103880A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2016-12-14 Ambrx, Inc. Modified leptin polypeptides and their uses
US9938333B2 (en) 2008-02-08 2018-04-10 Ambrx, Inc. Modified leptin polypeptides and their uses
WO2010011735A2 (en) 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine g-csf polypeptides and their uses
US10138283B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2018-11-27 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine G-CSF polypeptides and their uses
EP3225248A1 (en) 2008-07-23 2017-10-04 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine g-csf polypeptides and their uses
US9644014B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2017-05-09 Ambrx, Inc. Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
US9121024B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2015-09-01 Ambrx, Inc. Non-natural amino acid replication-dependent microorganisms and vaccines
US8569233B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2013-10-29 Eli Lilly And Company Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
US9156899B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2015-10-13 Eli Lilly And Company Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
US9121025B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2015-09-01 Ambrx, Inc. Non-natural amino acid replication-dependent microorganisms and vaccines
EP3216800A1 (en) 2008-09-26 2017-09-13 Ambrx, Inc. Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
US8278418B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2012-10-02 Ambrx, Inc. Modified animal erythropoietin polypeptides and their uses
US10428333B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2019-10-01 Ambrx Inc. Non-natural amino acid replication-dependent microorganisms and vaccines
EP2805965A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2014-11-26 Ambrx, Inc. Modified porcine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses
EP2805964A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2014-11-26 Ambrx, Inc. Modified bovine somatotropin polypeptides and their uses
WO2011107591A1 (en) 2010-03-05 2011-09-09 Rigshospitalet Chimeric inhibitor molecules of complement activation
EP3815708A1 (en) 2010-03-05 2021-05-05 Omeros Corporation Chimeric inhibitor molecules of complement activation
WO2011143274A1 (en) 2010-05-10 2011-11-17 Perseid Therapeutics Polypeptide inhibitors of vla4
US9452222B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2016-09-27 Ambrx, Inc. Nucleic acids encoding modified relaxin polypeptides
US10253083B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2019-04-09 Ambrx, Inc. Therapeutic uses of modified relaxin polypeptides
US11439710B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2022-09-13 Ambrx, Inc. Nucleic acids encoding modified relaxin polypeptides
US11311605B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2022-04-26 Ambrx, Inc. Methods of treating heart failure and fibrotic disorders using modified relaxin polypeptides
US9567386B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2017-02-14 Ambrx, Inc. Therapeutic uses of modified relaxin polypeptides
US8735539B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2014-05-27 Ambrx, Inc. Relaxin polypeptides comprising non-naturally encoded amino acids
US10702588B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2020-07-07 Ambrx, Inc. Modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid in the A chain
US9962450B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2018-05-08 Ambrx, Inc. Method of treating heart failure with modified relaxin polypeptides
EP4302783A2 (en) 2010-08-17 2024-01-10 Ambrx, Inc. Modified relaxin polypeptides and their uses
WO2012024452A2 (en) 2010-08-17 2012-02-23 Ambrx, Inc. Modified relaxin polypeptides and their uses
US10751391B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2020-08-25 Ambrx, Inc. Methods of treatment using modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a non-naturally encoded amino acid
US11786578B2 (en) 2010-08-17 2023-10-17 Ambrx, Inc. Modified relaxin polypeptides and their uses
US11273202B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2022-03-15 Elanco Us Inc. Formulations for bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor and variants thereof
US9382305B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2016-07-05 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Relaxin fusion polypeptides and uses thereof
WO2013004607A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2013-01-10 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Relaxin fusion polypeptides and uses thereof
EP3505534A1 (en) 2012-06-08 2019-07-03 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising sitespecific nonnatural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2013185115A1 (en) 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
EP3135690A1 (en) 2012-06-26 2017-03-01 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified fc proteins comprising site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, conjugates of the same, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2014036492A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-03-06 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified amino acids comprising an azido group
EP3584255A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2019-12-25 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified amino acids comprising an azido group
EP4074728A1 (en) 2012-08-31 2022-10-19 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified peptides comprising an azido group
EP3336103A1 (en) 2013-07-10 2018-06-20 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising multiple site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2015006555A2 (en) 2013-07-10 2015-01-15 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Antibodies comprising multiple site-specific non-natural amino acid residues, methods of their preparation and methods of their use
WO2015054658A1 (en) 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 Sutro Biopharma, Inc. Modified amino acids comprising tetrazine functional groups, methods of preparation, and methods of their use
US10377806B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2019-08-13 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Methods of treating diseases associated with fibrosis using modified FGF-21 polypeptides and uses thereof
US9434778B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2016-09-06 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising an internal deletion and uses thereof
US11248031B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2022-02-15 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Methods of treating diseases associated with fibrosis using modified FGF-21 polypeptides
US9631004B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2017-04-25 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified FGF-21 polypeptides comprising an internal deletion and uses thereof
US10189883B2 (en) 2014-10-24 2019-01-29 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Therapeutic uses of modified FGF-21 polypeptides
US11364281B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2022-06-21 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a pharmacokinetic enhancer and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
US11185570B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2021-11-30 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Method of treating cardiovascular disease and heart failure with modified relaxin polypeptides
US10266578B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2019-04-23 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Modified relaxin polypeptides comprising a pharmacokinetic enhancer and uses thereof
WO2020056066A1 (en) 2018-09-11 2020-03-19 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-2 polypeptide conjugates and their uses
WO2020082057A1 (en) 2018-10-19 2020-04-23 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-10 polypeptide conjugates, dimers thereof, and their uses
WO2020168017A1 (en) 2019-02-12 2020-08-20 Ambrx, Inc. Compositions containing, methods and uses of antibody-tlr agonist conjugates
WO2021183832A1 (en) 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 Ambrx, Inc. Interleukin-2 polypeptide conjugates and methods of use thereof
WO2022040596A1 (en) 2020-08-20 2022-02-24 Ambrx, Inc. Antibody-tlr agonist conjugates, methods and uses thereof
WO2022212899A1 (en) 2021-04-03 2022-10-06 Ambrx, Inc. Anti-her2 antibody-drug conjugates and uses thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2826495A (en) 1996-01-04
US5686110A (en) 1997-11-11
US6013283A (en) 2000-01-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5686110A (en) Water soluble complex of an alkyl or olefinic end capped polyalkylene oxide and a water insoluble substance
JP5008783B2 (en) Prodrugs based on high molecular weight polymers
AU705147B2 (en) High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
US5614549A (en) High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
US5965566A (en) High molecular weight polymer-based prodrugs
JP3310000B2 (en) Water-soluble polymer anticancer agent and carrier for drug support
RU2149646C1 (en) Polymeric conjugate, pharmaceutical composition
RU2130462C1 (en) Polymeric conjugate, a method of its synthesis and a pharmaceutical composition
WO1994020089A1 (en) Taxol-based compositions with enhanced bioactivity
KR20150107650A (en) Novel cationic polyphosphazene compounds, their drug conjugates and preparation method thereof
JPH06206830A (en) Block copolymer-medicinal agent composite and block copolymer
KR100406739B1 (en) Aqueous-prodrug compound comprising moiety of paclitaxelor derivatives thereof, method of preparing same and pharmaceutical composition comprising same
KR100773029B1 (en) Water soluble micelle-forming and biodegradable cyclotriphosphazene-paclitaxol conjugate anticancer agent and the preparation method thereof
CN110152013B (en) Pectin-adriamycin conjugate and preparation method and application thereof
CN114423776A (en) Asymmetric branched degradable polyethylene glycol derivative
US11952461B2 (en) Siloxy polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof
JP2009539879A (en) Indenoisoquinoline-releasing polymer composite
RU2340616C2 (en) Tocopherol-modified therapeutical drug compounds
DE60012192T2 (en) WATER-SOLUBLE SDZ-WHEEL ESTER
CN116178699A (en) Drug delivery carrier material capable of promoting drug to enter cells, and preparation method and application thereof
KR100551096B1 (en) Novel Y-PEG Derivatives and the preparation method thereof
KR0169195B1 (en) Pvma-ara-c coupling
KR20050024751A (en) Vitamin e derivatives and preparation method of the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TT UA UG UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA