WO1995031978A1

WO1995031978A1 - Anti-acne compositions

Info

Publication number: WO1995031978A1
Application number: PCT/US1995/004734
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ann Marie Corless; George Endel Deckner; Bonnie J. Hall; Joseph Anthony Listro
Original assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date: 1994-05-19
Filing date: 1995-04-19
Publication date: 1995-11-30
Also published as: CA2190753C; ATE270546T1; CN1148808A; CN1079669C; US5470884A; CA2190753A1; EP0759749B1; DE69533239D1; DE69533239T2; ES2224125T3; EP0759749A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to anti-acne compositions having good efficacy, low skin irritation, and good physical and chemical stability. These compositions comprise a benzoyl peroxide, a wetting agent, water, a non-volatile emollient component which is a liquid at 25 °C and which has a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to about 7, and a water soluble or dispersible gelling agent.

Description

ANTI-ACNE COMPOSITIONS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to topical anti-acne compositions containing benzoyl peroxide. These compositions are effective for the treatment of acne and also have low skin irritation and good chemical and physical stability. In further embodiments, the present invention also relates to methods for the treatment of acne.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Acne is a common inflammatory pilosebaceous disease characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and pus-filled cysts. The pathogenesis of acne is complex and is believed to involve an interaction between hormones, keratinization, sebum, and bacteria. Acne usually begins at puberty when the increase of androgens causes an increase in the size and activity of the sebum producing ducts. These ducts can subsequently become blocked, leading to hyperkeratinization and the formation of acne lesions. Many topical therapeutic agents are employed in the treatment of acne. It is believed that these anti-acne agents work by preventing the blockage of the ducts, by reopening clogged ducts, by acting against infecting bacteria, and by providing a keratolytic effect. Compositions containing benzoyl peroxide are known to be effective for the treatment of acne. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,535,422, to Cox et al., issued October 20, 1970 discloses compositions containing dispersed benzoyl peroxide in a fluid medium containing water and an organic emollient; U.S. Patent No. 4,609,674, to Gupte, issued September 2, 1986, discloses stable anhydrous compositions containing benzoyl peroxide in a CQ to C-jn triglyceride; U.S. Patent No. 4,720,353 to Bell, issued January 19, 1988 discloses water-in-oil emulsion compositions containing benzoyl peroxide; and U.S. Patent No. 4,387,107, to Klein et al., issued June 7, 1983 discloses aqueous benzoyl peroxide compositions employing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate as a wetting agent. Even though the use of benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of acne is well known, benzoyl peroxide has the disadvantage of being very irritating to the skin, causing symptoms such as excessive drying, scaling, swelling, burning, peeling, redness, allergic contact dermatitis, and sensitization. This irritation problem associated with benzoyl peroxide can cause a patient to discontinue or to reduce its usage, thereby sacrificing the anti-acne benefit. See, e.g., Brogden et al., Drugs 8, 417 (1974); Poole et al., Arch- Derm. 102, 400 (1972); Eaglstein, Arch. Derm.. 97,527 (1968); Pace, Can. Med. Ass. J.. 93, 252 (1965); Vasarinsh, Arch. Derm.. 98, 183 (1968); Mysliborski et al., AFP 15, 86 (1977) Hare, Br. J. Clin. Prac;. 29, 63 (1975); Fulton, et al., Arch. Derm.. 110, 83 (1974); and Wilkinson, et al., Can. Med Assn. J.. 95. 28 (1966..

Many conventional benzoyl peroxide compositions also have poor physical and chemical stability, and tend to lose their anti-acne effectiveness and aesthetic qualities over relatively short periods of time. The compositions of the present invention have good anti-acne efficacy, have low skin irritancy, and are physically and chemically stable. These compositions comprise a dispersion of benzoyl peroxide in a thickened vehicle containing water and a nonvolatile liquid emollient component wherein the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the constituents of the emollient is less than or equal to about 7. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that in selecting an emollient component with this solubility parameter requirement that the solubilization of the benzoyl peroxide into the product vehicle is minimized, thereby reducing the incidence of unwanted skin irritation and other undesired side effects due to excessive epidermal penetration. It is also believed that the emollient component provides the additional benefit of coating and soothing the skin, thereby further mitigating any potentially irritating effects from the benzoyl peroxide. Also, it is believed that the limited solubility of the benzoyl peroxide in the present compositions provides enhanced chemical and physical stability of the compositions.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide topical compositions for the treatment of acne.

It is another object of the present invention to provide topical compositions for the treatment of acne, which comprise benzoyl peroxide as the active ingredient, and which have good efficacy, low skin irritation, and good physical and chemical stability.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating acne in human skin.

These and other objects of this invention will become apparent in light of the following disclosure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an anti-acne composition comprising:

(a) from about 0.1 % to about 20% benzoyl peroxide, 80 (b) from about 0.01 % to about 10% of a wetting agent,

(c) from about 20% to about 99.74% water,

(d) from about 0.1 % to about 10% of a non-volatile emollient component which is a liquid at 25°C and which has a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to about 7, and

85 (e) from about 0.05% to about 5% of a water soluble or dispersible gelling agent.

All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition and all measurements made are at 25°C, unless otherwise designated. All weight percentages, unless otherwise indicated, are on an 90 actives weight basis. The invention hereof can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional ingredients and components described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The compositions of the present invention are useful for treating acne 95 in human skin, i.e. for providing an anti-acne benefit.

The term "chemical stability", as used herein, means that the compositions of the present invention do not exhibit an appreciable breakdown, degradation, disappearance, reaction, or consumption of the benzoyl peroxide. For example, the compositions of the present invention loo typically retain at least about 80% of the initially added benzoyl peroxide over a period of about 3 months at 45°C.

The term "physical stability", as used herein, means that the compositions of the present invention exhibit physical characteristics such as pH stability, resistance to loss of viscosity, resistance to discoloration, 105 resistance to developing off-odors, and the like. For example, the compositions of the present invention typically maintain their physical stability for at least about 3 months at 45°C.

The terms "chemical stability" and "physical stability" have been separately defined herein for convenience. Nevertheless, it is realized that no these two types of stability phenomena are not necessarily distinct and that chemical stability can impact physical stability and vice versa. The term "topical application", as used herein, means to apply or spread the anti-acne compositions to the surface of the skin.

The term "pharmaceutically-acceptable", as used herein, means that 115 the compositions or components thereof so described are suitable for use in contact with human tissue without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like. Benzoyl Peroxide

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.1% 120 to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 15%, and most preferably from about 2.5% to about 10% of benzoyl peroxide.

Benzoyl peroxide, which is also known as dibenzoyl peroxide, can be represented by the chemical formula C14H10O4 and the following chemical structure.

O O

See The Merck Index. Tenth Edition, entry 1119, p. 159 (1983), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In the compositions of the present invention, the benzoyl peroxide no particles are not limited to any particular size and can span a broad range of particle sizes. However, it is found that benzoyl peroxide particles having an average particle size diameter from about 0.5 microns to about 40 microns are preferred. More preferred are those having an average particle size diameter from about 1 micron to about 20 microns. Most preferred are 135 those having an average particle size diameter from about 1 micron to about

10 microns.

Wetting Agent

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 5%, and most HO preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% of a wetting agent. The wetting agent can be a single chemical compound as well as mixtures of two or more chemical compounds. Without being limited by theory it is believed that the wetting agent coats the surface of the benzoyl peroxide particles and lowers their surface

145 tension, thereby helping to maintain the benzoyl peroxide as a dispersion in the formulation matrix and aiding the distribution of the benzoyl peroxide upon the skin.

A wide variety of wetting agents useful in the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's Volume 2: Functional Materials, North American

150 Edition pp. 117-137 (1992) and CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Second Edition, p. 597 (Section Entitled Suspending Agents) (1992), both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

A preferred wetting agent is a dimethicone copolyol, which is a polymer of dimethylsiloxane with polyoxyethylene and/or polyoxypropylene

155 side chains. A typical dimethicone copolyol is represented by the chemical formula (CH3)3SiO[(CH₃)2SiO]_x[(CH₃)RSiO]ySi(CH3)3 wherein R is C3H5O(C2H O)_m(C3H6O)_nH, x is an integer from about 1 to about 500, y is an integer from about 1 to about 500, m is an integer from about 1 to about 250, and n is an integer from about 1 to about 250, (these integer

160 values being chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight and degree of ethoxylation and propoxylation). Examples of commercially available dimethicone copolyols useful herein are sold by Dow Corning Corporation as Dow Corning® 190, 193, Q2-5220, 2501 Wax, 2-5324 fluid, and 3225C (this later material being sold as a mixture with cyclomethicone). Preferred

165 among these materials are the Dow Corning® 190 and 193 silicone copolyol materials. See DiSapio et al., "Silicone Glycols For Cosmetic And Toiletry Application", IFSCC, September 1988, London; Dow Corning Technical Bulletin, Shaping Solutions For Personal Care", 1993; U.S. Patent No. 4,122,029, to Gee et al., issued October 24, 1978, U.S. Patent no No. 4,265,878, to Keil, issued May 5, 1981; and U.S. Patent No. 4,421,769, to Dixon et al., issued December 20, 1983, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Nonlimiting examples of other wetting agents include the following materials dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauraminodipropionate,

175 caprylyl pyrollidone, dimethyl octynediol, tetramethyl decynediol, and mxitures thereof. Preferred among these other wetting agents is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, which is described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook Second Edition 1992, p. 127, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 180 Also, useful as wetting agents in the present invention are various fluorinated and perfluorined materials such as the Fluorad^tm fluorochemical surfactants described in The 3M Company's Product Information Bulletin Entitled Flourad Fluorochemical Surfactants. March 1993, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A preferred fluorinated

185 wetting agent among these materials is a fluorinated alkyl ester sold under the tradename FC-430. Water

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 20% to about 99.74%, more preferably from about 50% to about 95%, and most

190 preferably from about 70% to about 90% of water. Non-volatile Emollient Component

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 7.5%, and most preferably from about 1 % to about 5% of a non-volatile emollient component

195 that is a liquid at about 25°C and that has a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to about 7. By "emollient" component is meant that the material is soothing to the skin or mucous membranes and is effective in making the skin feel soft, smooth, or supple. By "liquid at about 25°C" is meant that the emollient component has a

200 melting point, at 1 atmosphere pressure, that is less than or equal to about 25°C. By "nonvolatile" is meant that the emollient component has a boiling point, at 1 atmosphere pressure, greater than or equal to about 100°C. The emollient components useful herein can include a single chemical compound as well as mixtures of two or more chemical compounds as long

205 as the overall emollient component meets the melting point, boiling point, and solubility parameter requirements described herein.

The emollients useful herein preferably have a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to about 7, preferably from about 1 to about 6.5, more preferably from about 5 to about 6.5, and most

2io preferably from about 5 to about 6. Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary skill in the art and are routinely used as a guide for determining compatibilities and solubilities of materials in the formulation process. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that by choosing a nonvolatile, liquid emollient component having a low solubility

215 parameter, that the solubility of the relatively polar benzoyl peroxide molecule in the emollient component will be minimized, thereby diminishing undue skin irritation caused by excessive epidermal penetration of the benzoyl peroxide. Also, it is believed that the nonvolatile, liquid emollients provide the additional benefit of coating and soothing the skin, thereby

220 protecting against irritation by the benzoyl peroxide.

The solubility parameter of a chemical compound, δ, is defined as the square root of the cohesive energy density for that compound. Typically, a solubility parameter for a compound is calculated from tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the heat of vaporization and molar

225 volume of the components of that compound, using the following equation:

230 wherein ∑j Ej = the sum of the heat of vaporization additive group contributions, and

∑. m. = the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions

Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group contributions for a wide variety of atoms and groups of atoms are

235 collected in Barton, A.F.M. Handbook of Solubility Parameters. CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp. 64-66 (1985), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The above solubility parameter equation is described in Fedors, R.F., "A Method for Estimating Both the Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of Liquids", Polymer Engineering and Science, vol. 14,

240 no. 2, pp. 147-154 (February 1974), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility parameter for a mixture of materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the weighted average) of the solubility parameters for each

245 component of that mixture. See. Handbook of Chemistry and Phvsics. 57th edition, CRC Press, p. C-726 (1976-1977), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Formulation chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units of (cal/cm3)1/2. The tabulated values of additive group contributions 250 for heat of vaporization in the Handbook of Solubility Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However, these tabulated heat of vaporization values are readily converted to cal/mol using the following well-known relationships:

1 J/mol = 0.239006 cal/mol and 1000 J = 1 kJ.

255 See Gordon, A.J. et al., The Chemist's Companion. John Wiley & Sons, pp.

456-463, (1972), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical materials. Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of Solubility Parameters. 60 A wide variety of nonvolatile emollients are useful herein, nonlimiting examples of which are listed in McCutcheon's. Vol. 2 Functional Materials.

North American Edition, (1992), pp. 137-168, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook.

Second Edition (1992) which lists Skin-Conditioning Agents at pp. 572-575 65 and Skin Protectants at p. 580, which is also incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Among the nonvolatile emollient materials useful herein especially preferred are silicones, hydrocarbons, esters, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of silicone emollients include polyalkylsiloxanes, cyclic 70 polyalkylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes. The polyalkylsiloxanes useful herein include, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes with viscosities of from about 0.5 to about 100,000 centistokes at 25°C. Such polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula

R3SiO[R2SiO]_xSiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or 75 ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer from 0 to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Commercially available . polyalkylsiloxanes include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil® series sold by General Electric Company and the Dow Corning® 200 series sold 80 by Dow Corning Corporation. Specific examples of polydimethylsiloxanes useful as emollients herein include Dow Corning® 200 fluid having a viscosity of 0.65 centistokes and a boiling point of 100°C, Dow Corning® 225 fluid having a viscosity of 10 centistokes and a boiling point greater than 200°C, and Dow Corning® 200 fluids having viscosities of 50, 350, and 12,500 centistokes, respectively, and boiling points greater than 200°C. Cyclic polyalkylsiloxanes useful herein include those corresponding to the general chemical formula [SiR2-0]_n wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and n is an integer from about 3 to about 8, more preferably n is an integer from about 3 to about 7, and most preferably n is an integer from about 4 to about 6. When R is methyl, these materials are typically referred to as cyclomethicones. Commercially available cyclomethicones include Dow Corning® 244 fluid having a viscosity of 2.5 centistokes, and a boiling point of 172°C, which primarily contains the cyclomethicone tetramer (i.e. n=4), Dow Corning® 344 fluid having a viscosity of 2.5 centistokes and a boiling point of 178°C, which primarily contains the cyclomethicone pentamer (i.e. n=5), Dow Corning® 245 fluid having a viscosity of 4.2 centistokes and a boiling point of 205°C, which primarily contains a mixture of the cyclomethicone tetramer and pentamer (i.e. n=4 and 5), and Dow Corning® 345 fluid having a viscosity of 4.5 centistokes and a boiling point of 217°, which primarily contains a mixture of the cyclomethicone tetramer, pentamer, and hexamer (i.e. n=4, 5, and 6). Also useful are materials such as trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a polymeric material corresponding to the general chemical formula [(CH2)3SiOι/2]χ[Siθ2]y, wherein x is an integer from about 1 to about 500 and y is an integer from about 1 to about 500. A commercially available trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a mixture with dimethicone as Dow Corning ® 593 fluid. Also useful herein are dimethiconols, which are hydroxy terminated dimethyl silicones. These materials can be represented by the general chemical formulas R3SiO[R2SiO]_xSiR2θH and HOR2SiO[R2SiO]_xSiR2θH wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer from 0 to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight. Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning® 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids). Also useful herein are polyalkylaryl siloxanes, with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities from about 15 to about 65 centistokes at 25°C being preferred. These materials are available, for example, as SF 1075 methylphenyl fluid (sold by General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade phenyl trimethicone fluid (sold by Dow Corning Corporation).

320 Hydrocarbons useful herein include straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and most preferably from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include dodecane, squalane, cholesterol,

325 hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane (i.e. a C22 hydrocarbon), hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl® 101 A by Presperse, South Plainfield, NJ). Other hydrocarbon materials useful herein include paraffins and mineral oils such as USP light mineral oil (e.g., Klearol® available from Witco Corp., Melrose Park, IL) and

330 USP heavy mineral oil (e.g. Klearol® available from Witco Corp., Melrose Park, IL).

Also useful as nonvolatile emollients are esters, including esters of monofunctional and difunctional fatty acids that have been esterified with alcohols and polyols (i.e. alcohols having two or more hydroxy groups). A

335 wide variety of esters are useful herein, with long chain esters of long chain fatty acids being preferred (i.e. C10-40 fatty acids esterified with C10-40 fatty alcohols). Nonlimiting examples of esters useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol

340 distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, C-|2-15 alcohols benzoate, di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate, and mixtures thereof. Water Soluble or Dispersible Gelling Agent

The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.05%

345 to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 2.5%, and most preferably from about 0.25% to about 1 % of a water soluble or dispersible gelling agent. By "water soluble or dispersible" as used herein means that the gelling agents are soluble or dispersible in water at a level of at least about 0.25% by weight at 25°C. The gelling agent can be a single chemical

350 compound as well as mixtures of two or more chemical compounds.

Nonlimiting classes of water soluble or dispersible gelling agents include those selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, gums, vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, 355 crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidones), and mixtures thereof. See U.S. Patent No., 4,387,107, to Klein et al., issued June 7, 1983 which lists a variety of thickening or gelling agents, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Carboxylic Acid Polymers These polymers are crosslinked

360 compounds containing one or more monomers derived from acrylic acid, substituted acrylic acids, and salts and esters of these acrylic acids and the substituted acrylic acids, wherein the crosslinking agent contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and is derived from a polyhydric alcohol. The preferred carboxylic acid polymers are of two general types. The first

365 type of polymer is a crosslinked homopolymer of an acrylic acid monomer or derivative thereof (e.g., wherein the acrylic acid has substituents on the two and three carbon positions independently selected from the group consisting of C _Λ alkyl, -CN, -COOH, and mixtures thereof). The second

1-4 type of polymer is a crosslinked copolymer having a first monomer selected

370 from the group consisting of an acrylic acid monomer or derivative thereof

(as just described in the previous sentence), a short chain alcohol (i.e. a

C ) acrylate ester monomer or derivative thereof (e.g., wherein the acrylic acid portion of the ester has substituents on the two and three carbon positions independently selected from the group consisting of C _Λ alkyl, -

1-4 375 CN, -COOH, and mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof; and a second monomer which is a long chain alcohol (i.e. C ) acrylate ester monomer

8-40 or derivative thereof (e.g., wherein the acrylic acid portion of the ester has substituents on the two and three carbon positions independently selected from the group consisting of C alkyl, -CN, -COOH, and mixtures thereof).

1-4 380 Combinations of these two types of polymers are also useful herein.

In the first type of crosslinked homopolymers the monomers are preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof, with acrylic acid being most preferred. In the second type of crosslinked copolymers the acrylic acid

385 monomer or derivative thereof is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof, with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof being most preferred. The short chain alcohol acrylate ester monomer or derivative thereof is preferably selected from the group consisting of C alcohol

390 acrylate esters, C alcohol methacrylate esters, C alcohol etnacrylate

1-4 1-4 esters, and mixtures thereof, with the C alcohol acrylate esters, C _Λ

1-4 1-4 alcohol methacrylate esters, and mixtures thereof, being most preferred. The long chain alcohol acrylate ester monomer is selected from C alkyl acrylate esters, with C alkyl acrylate esters being preferred.

395 The crosslinking agent in both of these types of polymers is a polyalkenyl polyether of a polyhydric alcohol containing more than one alkenyl ether group per molecule, wherein the parent polyhydric alcohol contains at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups. Preferred crosslinkers are those selected from the group consisting of allyl ethers of

400 sucrose and allyl ethers of pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof. These polymers useful in the present invention are more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11 , 1992; U.S. Patent No. 4,509,949, to Huang et al., issued April 5, 1985; U.S. Patent No. 2,798,053, to Brown, issued July 2, 1957; which are incorporated by

405 reference herein. See also. CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, fourth edition, 1991 , pp. 12 and 80; which are also incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Examples of commercially availble hompolymers of the first type useful herein include the carbomers, which are homopolymers of acrylic

4io acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol. The carbomers are available as the Carbopol® 900 series from B.F. Goodrich. Examples of commercially available copolymers of the second type useful herein include copolymers of C alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or one of their short chain (i.e.

415 C alcohol) esters, wherein the crosslinking agent is an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerytritol. These copolymers are known as acrylates/C10- 30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers and are commerically available as Carbopol ® 1342, Pemulen TR-1 , and Pemulen TR-2, from B.F. Goodrich. In other words, examples of carboxylic acid polymer thickeners useful herein are

420 those selected from the group consisting of carbomers, acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers, and mixtures thereof.

Crosslinked Polyacrylate Polymers The crosslinked polyacrylate polymers useful as thickeners include both cationic and nonionic polymers, with the cationics being generally preferred. Examples of useful crosslinked

425 nonionic polyacrylate polymers and crosslinked cationic polyacrylate polymers are those described in U.S. Patent 5,100,660, to Hawe et al., issued March 31 , 1992; U.S. Patent 4,849,484, to Heard, issued July 18, 1989; U.S. Patent 4,835,206, to Farrar et al., issued May 30, 1989; U.S. Patent 4,628,078 to Glover et al. issued December 9, 1986; U.S. Patent

430 4,599,379 to Flesher et al. issued July 8, 1986; and EP 228,868, to Farrar et al., published July 15, 1987; all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

The crosslinked polyacrylate polymers are high molecular weight materials that can be characterized by the general formula: (A) (B) (C)

435 and comprise the monomer units (A) , (B) , and (C) , wherein (A) is a dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate monomer or its quaternary ammonium or acid addition salt, (B) is a dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate monomer or its quaternary ammonium or acid addition salt, (C) is a monomer that is polymerizable with (A) or (B), for example a monomer having a carbon-

440 carbon double bond or other such polymerizable functional group, I is an integer of 0 or greater, m is an integer of 0 or greater, n is an integer of 0 or greater, but where either I or m, or both, must be 1 or greater.

The (C) monomer can be selected from any of the commonly used monomers. Nonlimiting examples of these monomers include ethylene,

445 propylene, butylene, isobutylene, eicosene, maleic anhydride, acrylamide, methacrylamide, maleic acid, acrolein, cyclohexene, ethyl vinyl ether, and methyl vinyl ether. In the cationic polymers of the present invention, (C) is preferably acrylamide. The alkyl portions of the (A) and (B) monomers are short chain length alkyls such as C -C , preferably C -C , more preferably

450 C -C . and most preferably C -C . When quatemzied, the polymers are 1 3 1 2 preferably quatemized with short chain alkyls, i.e., C -C , preferably C -

C , more preferably C -C , and most preferably C -C ¹. f Thhe acid additio ¹n salts refer to polymers naving protonated amino groups. Acid addition salts can be performed through the use of halogen (e.g. chloride), acetic,

455 phosphoric, nitric, citric, or other acids.

These (A) (B) (C) polymers also comprise a crosslinking agent, which is most typically a material containing two or more unsaturated functional groups. The crosslinking agent is reacted with the monomer units of the polymer and is incorporated into the polymer thereby forming links or

460 covalent bonds between two or more individual polymer chains or between two or more sections of the same polymer chain. Nonlimiting examples of suitable crosslinking agents include those selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamides, diallyldialkyl ammonium halides, polyalkenyl polyethers of polyhydric alcohols, allyl acrylates,

465 vinyloxyalkylacrylates, and polyfunctional vinylidenes. Specific examples of crosslinking agents useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol di-(meth)acrylate, di- (meth)acrylamide, cyanomethylacrylate, vinyloxyethylacrylate, vinyloxyethylmethacrylate, allyl pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane

470 diallylether, allyl sucrose, butadiene, isoprene, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, ethyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, and allyl acrylate. Other crosslinkers include formaldehyde and glyoxal. Preferred for use herein as a crosslinking agent is methylenebisacrylamide.

Widely varying amounts of the crosslinking agent can be employed

475 depending upon the properties desired in the final polymer, e.g. viscosifying effect. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that incorporation of a crosslinking agent into these cationic polymers provides a material that is a more effective viscosifying agent without negatives such as stringiness and viscosity breakdown in the presence of electrolytes. The crosslinking agent,

480 when present, can comprise from about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm, preferably from about 5 ppm to about 750 ppm, more preferably from about

25 ppm to about 500 ppm, even more preferably from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably from about 250 ppm to about about

500 ppm of the total weight of the polymer on a weight/weight basis.

485 The intrinsic viscosity of the crosslinked polymer, measured in one o molar sodium chloride solution at 25 C, is generally above .6, preferably from about 8 to about 14. The molecular weight (weight average) of the crosslinked polymers hereof is high, and is believed to typically be between about 1 million and about 30 million. The specific molecular weight is not

490 critical and lower or higher weight average molecular weights can be used as long as the polymer retains its intended viscosifying effects in water or other aqueous carriers of the compositions hereof. Preferably, a 1.0% solution of the polymer (on an actives basis) in deionized water will have a viscosity at 25 C of at least about 20,000 cP, preferably at least about

495 30,000 cP, when measured at 20 RPM by a Brookfield RVT (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Stoughton, MA, USA).

These cationic polymers can be made by polymerization of an aqueous solution containing from about 20% to about 60%, generally from about 25% to about 40%, by weight monomer, in the presence of an initiator

500 (usually redox or thermal) until the polymerization terminates. The crosslinking agent can also be added to the solution of the monomers to be polymerized, to incorporate it into the polymer. In the polymerization o o reactions, the temperature generally starts between about 0 and 95 C.

The polymerization can be conducted by forming a reverse phase

505 dispersion of an aqueous phase of the monomers (and also any additional crosslinking agents) into a nonaqueous liquid, e.g. mineral oil, lanolin, isododecane, oleyl alcohol, and other volatile and nonvolatile esters, ethers, and alcohols, and the like.

All percentages describing the polymer in this section of the

5io description herein are molar, unless otherwise specified. When the polymer contains (C) monomer, the molar proportion of (C) monomer, based on the total molar amount of (A), (B), and (C), can be from 0% to about 99%. The molar proportions of (A) and (B) can each be from 0% to 100%. When acrylamide, is used as the (C) monomer, it will preferably be used at a level

515 of from about 20% to about 99%, more preferably from about 50% to about

90%.

Where monomer (A) and (B) are both present, the ratio of monomer

(A) to monomer (B) in the final polymer, on a molar basis, is preferably from about 99:5 to about 15:85, more preferably from about 80:20 to about 20:80.

520 Alternatively, in another class of polymers, the ratio is from about 5:95 to about 50:50, preferably from about 5:95 to about 25:75.

In another alternative class of polymers, the ratio (A):(B) is from about

50:50 to about 85:15. Preferably the ratio (A):(B) is about 60:40 to about

85:15, most preferably about 75:25 to about 85:15. 525 Most preferred is where monomer (A) is not present and the ratio of monomer (B):monomer (C) is from about 30:70 to about 70:30, preferably from about 40:60 to about 60:40 and most preferably from about 45:55 to about 55:45.

Cationic polymers that are useful herein that are especially preferred 530 are those conforming to the general structure (A) (B) (C) wherein I is zero,

(B) is methyl quaternized dimethylaminoethyl metnacrylate, the ratio of (B):(C) is from about 45:55 to about 55:45, and the crosslinking agent is methylenebisacrylamide. An example of such a cationic polymer is one that is commercially available as a mineral oil dispersion (which can also include

535 various dispersing aids such as PPG-1 trideceth-6) under the trademark

Salcare® SC92 from Allied Colloids Ltd. (Norfolk, Virginia). This polymer has the proposed CTFA designation, "Polyquaternium 32 (and) Mineral Oil".

Other cationic polymers useful herein, are those not containing acrylamide or other (C) monomers, that is, n is zero. In these polymers the 540 (A) and (B) monomer components are as described above. An especially preferred group of these non-acrylamide containing polymers is one in which I is also zero. In this instance the polymer is essentially a homopolymer of a dialkylaminoalkyl methacrlyate monomer or its quaternary ammonium or acid addition salt. These diaklylaminoalkyl methacrylate

545 polymers preferably contain a crosslinking agent as described above.

A cationic polymer, which is essentially a homopolymer, useful herein is one conforming to the general structure (A) (B) (C) wherein I is zero, (B) is methyl quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, n is zero, and the crosslinking agent is methylenebisacrylamide. An example of such a

550 homopolymer is commercially available as a mixture containing approximately 50% of the polymer, approximately 44% mineral oil, and approximately 6% PPG-1 trideceth-6 as a dispersing aid, from Allied Colloids Ltd, (Norfolk, VA) under the trademark Salcare® SC95. This polymer has recently been given the CTFA designation "Polyquatemium 37

555 (and) Mineral Oil (and) PPG-1 Trideceth-6".

Polvacrylamide Polymers Also useful herein are polyacrylamide polymers, especially non-ionic polyacrylamide polymers including substituted branched or unbranched polymers. These polymers can be formed from a variety of monomers including acrylamide and methacrylamide which are

560 unsubstituted or subtituted with one or two alkyl groups (preferably C«| to C5). Preferred are acrylate amide and methacrylate amide monomers in which the amide nitrogen is unsubstituted, or substituted with one or two C-| to C5 alkyl groups (preferably methyl, ethyl, or propyl), for example, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide,

565 N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N- isopropylmethacrylamide, and N,N-dimethylacrylamide. These polymers have a molecular weight greater than about 1,000,000 preferably greater than about 1,5000,000 and range up to about 30,000,000. Most preferred among these polyacrylamide polymers is the non-ionic polymer given the

570 CTFA designation polyacrylamide and isoparaffin and laureth-7, available under the Tradename Sepigel from Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, NJ).

Other polyacrylamide polymers useful herein include multi-block copolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids. Commercially available examples of these

575 multi-block copolymers include Hypan SR150H, SS500V, SS500W, SSSA100H, from Lipo Chemicals, Inc., (Patterson, NJ). Polysaccharides A wide variety of polysaccharides are useful herein. By "polysaccharides" are meant gelling agents containing a backbone of repeating sugar (i.e. carbohydrate) units. Nonlimiting examples of

580 polysaccharide gelling agents include those selected from the group consisting of cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose

585 sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Also useful herein are the alkyl substituted celluloses. In these polymers, the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer is hydroyxalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with a C10- C30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage.

590 Typically these polymers are ethers of C10-C30 straight or branched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses. Examples of alkyl groups useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e. alkyl groups derived from the alcohols of coconut oil), palmityl, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, ricinoleyl,

595 behenyl, and mixtures thereof.

Preferred among the alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers is the material given the CTFA designation cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose, which is the ether of cetyl alcohol and hydroxyethylcellulose. This material is sold under the tradename Natrosol® CS Plus from Aqualon Corporation. Other useful

600 polysaccharides include scleroglucans comprising a linear chain of (1->3) linked glucose units with a (1->6) linked glucose every three units, a commercially available example of which is Clearogel^tm CS11 from Michel Mercier Products Inc. (Mountainside, NJ). Gums Other gelling agents useful herein include materials which are

605 primarily derived from natural sources. Nonlimiting examples of these gelling agent gums include materials selected from the group consisting of acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, bentonite, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, corn starch, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar

6io hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluroinic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, magnesium aluminum silicate, manesium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, montmorillonite, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium

615 carboyxmethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, sodium polyacrylate starch, sodium silicoaluminate, starch/acrylates/acrylamide copolymer, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.

Crosslinked Vinyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride Copolymers Other gelling agents useful herein include crosslinked copolymers of alkyl vinyl ethers and

620 maleic anhdride. In these copolymers the vinyl ethers are represented by the formula R-O-CH==CH2 wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably R is methyl. Preferred crosslinking agents are C4-C20 dienes, preferably C6 to C16 dienes, and most preferably C8 to C12 dienes. A particularly preferred copolymer is one formed from methyl vinyl ether and maleic

625 anhydride wherein the copolymer has been crosslinked with decadiene, and wherein the polymer when diluted as a 0.5% aqueous solution at pH 7 at 25 °C has a viscosity of 50,000-70,000 cps when measured using a Brookfield RTV viscometer, spindle #7 at 10 rpm. This copolymer has the CTFA designation PVM/MA decadiene crosspolymer and is commercially available

630 as Stabileze*"¹06 from International Specialty Products (Wayne NJ).

Crosslinked polv(N-vinylpyrrolidones) Crosslinked polyvinyl(N- pyrrolidones) useful herein as gelling agents include those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,139,770, to Shih et al, issued August 18, 1992, and U.S. Patent No. 5,073,614, to Shih et al., issued December 17, 1991 , both

635 patents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. These gelling agents typically contain from about 0.25% to about 1% by weight of a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of divinyl ethers and diallyl ethers of terminal diols containing from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, divinyl ethers and diallyl ethers of polyethylene glycols

640 containing from about 2 to about 600 units, dienes having from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, divinyl benzene, vinyl and allyl ethers of pentaerythritol, and the like. Typically, these gelling agents have a viscosity from about 25,000 cps to about 40,000 cps when measured as a 5% aqueous solution at 25°C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer with Spindle

645 #6 at 10 rpm. Commercially available examples of these polymers include ACP-1120, ACP-1179, and ACP-1180, available from International Specialty Products (Wayne, NJ). Additional Components

The compositions of the present invention can comprise a wide range

650 of additional components. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook. Second Edition, 1992, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, describes a wide variety of nonlimiting cosmetic and pharamceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention.

655 Nonlimiting examples of functional classes of ingredients are described at page 537 of this reference. Examples of these functional classes include: abrasives, absorbents, other anti-acne agents, anticaking agents, antifoaming agents, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical

660 additives, colorants, cosmetic astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external analgesics, film formers, fragrance components, humectants, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, preservatives, propellants, reducing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin-conditioning agents (humectants, miscellaneous, and occulsive), sunscreen agents, and

665 ultraviolet light absorbers.

Some nonlimiting examples of these additional components cited in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, as well as other materials useful herein, include the following: vitamins and derivatives thereof (e.g tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, retinoic acid, retinol, retinoids, and the like);

670 polymers for aiding the film-forming properties and substantivity of the composition (such as a copolymer of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone, an example of which is available from GAF Chemical Corporation as Ganex® V-220); preservatives for maintaining the antimicrobial integrity of the compositions; other anti-acne medicaments (e.g., resorcinol, sulfur, salicylic

675 acid, erythromycin, zinc, and the like); skin bleaching (or lightening) agents including but not limited to hydroquinone, kojic acid; antioxidants; chelators and sequestrants; and aesthetic components such as fragrances, pigments, colorings, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, skin soothing agents, skin healing agents and the like, nonlimiting examples of these aesthetic

680 components include panthenol and derivatives (e.g. ethyl panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate, allantoin, bisabolol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate and the like; and skin conditioning agents such as the propoxylated glycerols described in U.S. Patent No.

685 4,976,953, to Orr et al., issued December 11 , 1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Methods For Treating Acne The compositions of the present invention are useful for treating acne in human skin. To obtain an anti-acne benefit, an effective amount of the

690 compositions of the present invention are applied to the skin. The term "effective" means an amount of the compositions of the present invention to provide an anti-acne benefit, but not so much as to cause any undesirable side effects or skin reactions.

A wide range of quantities of the compositions of the present invention

695 can be employed to provide an anti-acne benefit. Quantities of the present compositions which are typically applied to provide an anti-acne benefit can range from about 0.1 mg/cm² to about 10 mg/cm². A particularly useful amount to use is about 2 mg/cm².

EXAMPLES

7oo The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

705 Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.

EXAMPLE 1 Anti-Acne Gel

An anti-acne gel is prepared by combining the following ingredients 7io using conventional mixing techniques.

Ingredients Weight Percent

Water qs100

715 Benzoyl Peroxide¹ 10.00

Carbomer 980² 0.65

Disodium EDTA 0.10

Sodium Hydroxide 0.12

Dimethicone Copolyol^ 0.10

720 Dimethicone^ 1.0

1 Lucidol® 70 from Elf Atochem, which is a powder containing 70% benzoyl peroxide active. 14.29% percent of this powder is added to the composition to account for the 70% activity . Carbopol® 980 from B.F. Goodrich.

³ Dow Corning® 193 from Dow Corning.

⁴ Dow Corning® 200 Fluid (350 centistoke) from Dow Corning.

In a suitable vessel a benzoyl peroxide slurry is prepared by combining the benzoyl peroxide with approximately 17% of the water. This slurry is passed through a Colloid or Urschel mill to disperse the benzoyl peroxide, followed by rinsing the mill with approximately an additional 6% of the water, this rinse being added to the total slurry.

In a separate vessel a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is prepared using approximately 2.5% of the water.

In another vessel the carbomer 980 is gradually combined with the remaining water with agitation to disperse and hydrate the carbomer. The carbomer dispersion is then transferred to a vessel equipped with a high shear mixer (Day Mixer, Serial No. 88612, Day Mixing, Cincinnati, OH) for blending the remaining ingredients. Next, the disodium EDTA is added and mixed until dissolved. The dimethicone copolyol is then added and stirred until uniform. Next, the benzoyl peroxide slurry is added and the mixture is stirred until uniform. The dimethicone is then added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes to fully disperse the silicone. Next, the 5% NaOH solution is gradually added with continuous mixing. The compositions is then mixed for 3-5 minutes until homogeneous.

The resulting anti-acne composition exhibits low skin irritation and good physical and chemical stability, and is useful for topical application to human skin for the treatment of acne.

EXAMPLE 2 Anti-Acne Gel

An antiacne gel is prepared by combining the following ingredients using conventional mixing techniques.

Ingredients Weight Percent

Water qs100

Benzoyl Peroxide¹ 10.00 Carbomer 980² 0.65

Disodium EDTA 0.10 Sodium Hydroxide 0.12

Bentonite 1.0

Dimethicone Copolyol³ 0.10 Dimethicone⁴ 1.0

1 Lucidol® 70 from Elf Atochem, which is a powder containing 70% benzoyl peroxide active. 14.29% percent of this powder is added to the composition to account for the 70% activity. ² Carbopol® 980 from B.F. Goodrich.

³ Dow Corning® 193 from Dow Corning.

⁴ Dow Corning® 200 Fluid (350 centistoke) from Dow Corning.

In a suitable vessel a benzoyl peroxide slurry is prepared by combining the benzoyl peroxide with 17% of the water. This slurry is passed through a Colloid or Urschel mill to disperse the benzoyl peroxide, followed by rinsing the mill with approximately an additional 6% of the water, this rinse being added to the total slurry.

In a separate vessel a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is prepared using 2.5% of the water.

In another vessel the carbomer 980 is gradually combined with the remaining water with agitation to disperse and hydrate the carbomer. The carbomer dispersion is then transferred to a vessel equipped with a high shear mixer (Day Mixer, Serial No. 88612, Day Mixing, Cincinnati, OH) for blending the remaining ingredients. Next, the disodium EDTA is added and mixed until dissolved. The dimethicone copolyol is then added and stirred until uniform. The bentonite is added to the mixture which is stirred with sufficient agitation until dispersed. Next, the benzoyl peroxide slurry is added and the mixture is stirred until uniform. The dimethicone is then added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes to fully disperse the silicone. Next, the 5% NaOH solution is gradually added with continuous mixing. The compositions is then mixed for 3-5 minutes until homogeneous.

EXAMPLE 3 Anti-Acne Gel An antiacne gel is prepared by combining the following ingredients using conventional mixing techniques.

800

Ingredients Weight Percent

Water qs100

Benzoyl Peroxide¹ 2.50

805 Carbomer 980² 0.65

Disodium EDTA 0.10

Sodium Hydroxide 0.12

Bentonite 1.0

Dimethicone Copolyol³ 0.10

8io Dimethicone⁴ 1.0

1 Lucidol® 70 from Elf Atochem, which is a powder containing 70% benzoyl peroxide active. 3.57% percent of this powder is added to the composition to account for the 70% activity. 815 ² Carbopol® 980 from B.F. Goodrich.

³ Dow Corning® 193 from Dow Corning.

⁴ Dow Corning® 200 Fluid (350 centistoke) from Dow Corning.

In a suitable vessel a benzoyl peroxide slurry is prepared by 820 combining the benzoyl peroxide with 17% of the water. This slurry is passed through a Colloid or Urschel mill to disperse the benzoyl peroxide, followed by rinsing the mill with approximately an additional 6% of the water, this rinse being added to the total slurry.

In a separate vessel a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is prepared 825 using 2.5% of the water.

In another vessel the carbomer 980 is gradually combined with the remaining water with agitation to disperse and hydrate the carbomer. The carbomer dispersion is then transferred to a vessel equipped with a high shear mixer (Day Mixer, Serial No. 88612, Day Mixing, Cincinnati, OH) for 830 blending the remaining ingredients. Next, the disodium EDTA is added and mixed until dissolved. The dimethicone copolyol is then added and stirred until uniform. The bentonite is added to the mixture which is stirred with sufficient agitation until dispersed. Next, the benzoyl peroxide slurry is added and the mixture is stirred until uniform. The dimethicone is then 835 added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes to fully disperse the silicone.

Next, the 5% NaOH solution is gradually added with continuous mixing.

The compositions is then mixed for 3-5 minutes until homogeneous.

The resulting anti-acne composition exhibits low skin irritation and good physical and chemical stability, and is useful for topical application to 840 human skin for the treatment of acne.

EXAMPLE 4 Anti-Acne Gel

An antiacne gel is prepared by combining the following ingredients 845 using conventional mixing techniques.

Ingredients Weight Percent

Water qs100

850 Benzoyl Peroxide¹ 10.00

Carbomer 980² 0.65

Disodium EDTA 0.10

Sodium Hydroxide 0.12

Bentonite 1.0

855 Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate 0.10

Dimethicone³ 1.0

1 Lucidol® 70 from Elf Atochem, which is a powder containing 70% benzoyl peroxide active. 14.29% percent of this powder is added to the composition

860 to account for the 70% activity.

² Carbopol® 980 from B.F. Goodrich.

³ Dow Corning® 200 Fluid (350 centistoke) from Dow Corning.

In a suitable vessel a benzoyl peroxide slurry is prepared by 865 combining the benzoyl peroxide with 17% of the water. This slurry is passed through a Colloid or Urschel mill to disperse the benzoyl peroxide, followed by rinsing the mill with approximately an additional 6% of the water, this rinse being added to the total slurry.

In a separate vessel a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is prepared 870 using 2.5% of the water. In another vessel the carbomer 980 is gradually combined with the remaining water with agitation to disperse and hydrate the carbomer. The carbomer dispersion is then transferred to a vessel equipped with a high shear mixer (Day Mixer, Serial No. 88612, Day Mixing, Cincinnati, OH) for

875 blending the remaining ingredients. Next, the disodium EDTA is added and mixed until dissolved. The dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is then added and stirred until uniform. The bentonite is added to the mixture which is stirred with sufficient agitation until dispersed. Next, the benzoyl peroxide slurry is added and the mixture is stirred until uniform. The dimethicone is then

880 added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes to fully disperse the silicone. Next, the 5% NaOH solution is gradually added with continuous mixing. The compositions is then mixed for 3-5 minutes until homogeneous.

The resulting anti-acne composition exhibits low skin irritation and good physical and chemical stability, and is useful for topical application to

885 human skin for the treatment of acne.

EXAMPLE 5 Anti-Acne Gel

An antiacne gel is prepared by combining the following ingredients 890 using conventional mixing techniques.

Ingredients Weight Percent

Water qs100

895 Benzoyl Peroxide¹ 2.50

Carbomer 980² 0.65

Disodium EDTA 0.10

Sodium Hydroxide 0.12

Bentonite 1.0

900 Dimethicone Copolyol³ 0.10

Cyclomethicone (and) Dimethiconol⁴ 3.0

1 Lucidol® 70 from Elf Atochem, which is a powder containing 70% benzoyl peroxide active. 3.57% percent of this powder is added to the composition

905 to account for the 70% activity.

² Carbopol® 980 from B.F. Goodrich.

³ Dow Corning® 193 from Dow Corning. ⁴ Dow Corning® Q2-1401 Fluid from Dow Corning.

In a suitable vessel a benzoyl peroxide slurry is prepared by combining the benzoyl peroxide with 17% of the water. This slurry is passed through a Colloid or Urschel mill to disperse the benzoyl peroxide, followed by rinsing the mill with approximately an additional 6% of the water, this rinse being added to the total slurry. In a separate vessel a 5% sodium hydroxide solution is prepared using 2.5% of the water.

In another vessel the carbomer 980 is gradually combined with the remaining water with agitation to disperse and hydrate the carbomer. The carbomer dispersion is then transferred to a vessel equipped with a high shear mixer (Day Mixer, Serial No. 88612, Day Mixing, Cincinnati, OH) for blending the remaining ingredients. Next, the disodium EDTA is added and mixed until dissolved. The dimethicone copolyol is then added and stirred until uniform. The bentonite is added to the mixture which is stirred with sufficient agitation until dispersed. Next, the benzoyl peroxide slurry is added and the mixture is stirred until uniform. The cyclomethicone (and) dimethiconol is then added and the mixture stirred for 5 minutes to fully disperse the silicone. Next, the 5% NaOH solution is gradually added with continuous mixing. The compositions is then mixed for 3-5 minutes until homogeneous. The resulting anti-acne composition exhibits low skin irritation and good physical and chemical stability, and is useful for topical application to human skin for the treatment of acne.

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

Claims

1. An anti-acne composition comprising:

(a) from 0.1 % to 20% benzoyl peroxide,

(b) from 0.01 % to 10% of a wetting agent,

(c) from 20% to 99.74% water,

(d) from 0.1 % to 10% of a non-volatile emollient component which is a liquid at 25°C and which has a weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of less than or equal to 7, and

(e) from 0.05% to 5% of a water soluble or dispersible gelling agent.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 comprising from 0.5% to 15% benzoyl peroxide, preferably from 2.5% to 10% benzoyl peroxide.

3. A composition according to Claim 2 wherein said wetting agent is a dimethicone copolyol corresponding to the chemical formula (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)₂SiO]χ[(CH3)RSiO]_ySi(CH3)3 wherein R is C3H5O(C2H4O_m(C3H6O)_nH, x is an integer from 1 to 500, y is an integer from 1 to 500, x is an integer from 1 to 250, and y is an integer from 1 to 250.

4. A composition according to Claim 2 wherein said wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauraminodipropionate, caprylyl pyrollidone, dimethyl octynediol, tetramethyl decynediol, and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein said wetting agent is dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate.

5. A composition according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said emollient component is selected from the group consisting of silicones, hydrocarbons, esters, and mixtures thereof.

6. A composition according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said emollient is a silicone selected from the group consisting of polyalkylsiloxanes, cyclic polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein said emollient is a polyalkylsiloxane corresponding to the chemical formula R3SiO[R2SiO]_xSiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group selected from methyl or ethyl and x is an integer from 0 to 500, more preferably wherein R in said polyalkylsiloxane is methyl.

7. A composition according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said emollient is a cyclic polyalkylsiloxane corresponding to the chemical formula [SiR2-0]_n wherein R is an alkyl group selected from methyl or ethyl, and n is an integer from 3 to 7.

8. A composition according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said emollient is a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of dodecane, squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane, hexadecane, isohexadecane, paraffins, mineral oil, and mixtures thereof.

9. A composition according to Claim 3 or 4 wherein said emollient is an ester selected from the group consisting of diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2- ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, C 12-15 alcohols benzoate, di-2- ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate, and mixtures thereof.

10. A composition according to any of Claims 1 through 9 wherein said water soluble or dispersible gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, gums, crosslinked ether/maleic anhydride copolymers, cellulosic thickeners, crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidones), and mixtures thereof, preferably wherein said gelling agent is a carboxylic acid polymer selected from the group consisting of carbomers, acrylates/C 10-30 alkyl acrylate cross polymers, and mixtures thereof.

11. A composition according to any of Claims 1 through 10 wherein said benzoyl peroxide has an average particle size diameter from 0.5 to 40 microns.

12. The use of a composition in the manufacture of a medicatment for the treatment of acne in a human, said composition comprising any of the compositions of Claim 1 thorugh 11.