WO1995031407A1 - Method and apparatus for water treatment - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for water treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995031407A1 WO1995031407A1 PCT/US1995/006029 US9506029W WO9531407A1 WO 1995031407 A1 WO1995031407 A1 WO 1995031407A1 US 9506029 W US9506029 W US 9506029W WO 9531407 A1 WO9531407 A1 WO 9531407A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- ozone
- tower
- vessel
- outlet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
- B01D24/20—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being provided in an open container
- B01D24/24—Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
- B01D24/20—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being provided in an open container
- B01D24/26—Upward filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5209—Regulation methods for flocculation or precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/14—Particulate filter materials with a lower density than the liquid mixture to be filtered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/48—Overflow systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
- C02F2201/782—Ozone generators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/23—O3
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/42—Ozonizers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the purification of water which contains contaminants. More specifically, it relates to water purification wherein water is treated with ozone and is filtered to remove solids.
- the system includes equipment that is compact, that cools the ozone generator, that allows standard steel tanks to be used for filtration operations, and that operates automatically.
- One of the features disclosed is an apparatus wherein ozone generation tubes are submerged for cooling in the water being treated.
- Another feature is the positioning of such ozone generation tubes upstream of filtration beds and downstream of the point where water treatment chemicals are added to the water.
- the tubes will serve as a static mixer.
- Water that passes through the array is agitated, thereby mixing the additive chemicals into the water prior to filtration.
- An additional feature is the use of a tower upstream of a filtering apparatus to provide a hydraulic head that is sufficient to cause the water to flow through downstream filtering stages by gravity.
- the tower comprises an upflow column alongside a return or downflow column, the two columns being joined at the top.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of a filter system according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2—2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the system shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of water is illustrated by arrows.
- FIG. 1 A filtration system according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein the flow of
- an upflow zone 22 containing an upflow water column and a downflow zone 24 containing a return column Water enters the upflow zone 22 through a process flow water inlet 26, then flows upwardly to the top of the divider 20. The water then flows over a weir 28 at a top portion 29 of the divider 20 and into the return column 24. The weir 28 controls the flow rate. The water then flows downwardly through the second chamber 24 by gravity and leaves the tower 10 through an outlet 30 located at an elevation below the weir 28. The region 62 over the weir thus serves as the outlet of the first chamber and the inlet of the second chamber.
- One portion of the vessel 10 thus serves as an contact tower 60, sometimes referred to herein as an upflow tower with reference to the illustrated embodiment.
- a second portion of the vessel 10 serves as a return tower 61, sometimes referred to herein as a downflow tower with reference to the illustrated embodiment.
- the solids separation system is the filtration system 12 which includes an upflow clarifier device 34 provided in an upflow filter compartment defined by a vessel 35.
- the clarifier device 34 includes a bed 36 of particulate material or media that is retained beneath a screen 38 and that is buoyant in the water inside the vessel 35.
- the clarifier 34 is followed by a downflow filter 40, including a bed 41 of nonbuoyant particulate material or media, provided in a downflow filter compartment defined by a vessel 42.
- the vessels 35, 42 are provided by a rectangular tank which is separated by an internal upright wall 44.
- the vessels communicate via clarifier outlets 46, which also serve as inlets for the vessel 42. Examples of suitable solids separation systems can be seen in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,547,286, 4,608,181 and 4,793,934 and in numerous other prior patents.
- the illustrated apparatus includes an ozone injection system for contacting ozone with water in the upright upflow or contact tower 60.
- a gas diffuser 52 serves as an inlet for ozone- containing gas 53 and is positioned to inject the gas into water in the column 22.
- the diffuser 52 is preferably located near the bottom of the column 22, either above or below the inlet 26.
- the diffuser may be made of a porous ceramic material which facilitates the production of numerous small bubbles.
- Ozone is continuously supplied to the diffuser 52 via a supply line 54 which is connected to an ozone generator system 56. The rate of ozone injection is set so that the concentration of ozone in the column 22 does not exceed 3 ppm.
- the apparatus could comprise a single large vessel containing multiple vertical dividers that define multiple contact zones containing multiple columns of water. Water could be directed to flow through the various chambers, preferably in a serpentine path, upwardly and downwardly, while ozone is injected into more than one of the water columns. Similarly, multiple return columns could be provided if needed. Also, although it is highly advantageous to use a unitary tower with one or more internal dividers as illustrated, multiple separate vessels could be used to define plural chambers or zones for columns of water. The flow direction pattern could be modified, e.g.
- the ozone generation equipment is of conventional design and may, for example, be assembled from OZOTEC brand equipment manufactured by Hankin Atlas Ozone Systems Ltd, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.
- the ozone generator 56 includes a number of ozone production elements 58. In the illustrated embodiment, these elements are tubes that are made of stainless steel and that are electrically grounded. Each stainless steel tube surrounds an inner dielectric tube (not shown) so that there is a gap between the outer and inner tube.
- the inner tube is made of glass and is coated on its interior surface with an electrically conductive material. Ozone is generated by electrical discharge through dried air or oxygen that is pumped through the gap between the outer and inner tubes and, from there, to the diffuser 52.
- ozone generator tubes During such generation of ozone, a considerable amount of heat is generated inside the ozone generator tubes. This heat is dissipated by positioning at least a portion of at least some of the tubes in the flow path of the water to be treated, such as in one of the chambers 22, 24 of the vessel 10, so that heat is transfered to the passing water.
- the embodiment shown in the drawings is a particularly advantageous arrangement wherein the ozone generator tubes 58 are located inside a cooling vessel 70 and the cooling vessel has an inlet 72 that communicates with, and in the illustrated embodiment corresponds to, the outlet of the upright return tower 61.
- the ozone generator tubes could alternatively be positioned in the column of water 24 inside the return tower 61 or at other locations in the path of the water being purified.
- the ozone inlet 52 it is advantageous for the ozone inlet 52 to be positioned upstream of ozone generation elements 58 in the water flow path.
- the illustrated cooling vessel 70 is a lateral extension of the bottom region of the return tower 61.
- An opening ih the wall which defines the second chamber 24 is also the inlet 72 for the cooling vessel 70.
- the walls of the return tower 61 and cooling vessel 70 can be said to define a single chamber that has a reservoir region 74 that corresponds to the portion of the return column 24 that is located above the top of inlet 72 and a cooling region 76 below the top of the inlet 72.
- the cooling vessel 70 also has an outlet which, in the illustrated embodiment, corresponds with the inlet 30 of the filtration system.
- the illustrated cooling vessel 70 is particularly advantageous when used downstream of a chemical feed mechanism. It is common practice to add filtration-enhancing chemicals, particularly coagulants, to water which is to be filtered. These chemicals must be thoroughly mixed with water to have the best effect.
- the illustrated system includes a coagulant injection system. Water treatment chemicals, including coagulants, are added through inlet ports 78 upstream of the cooling vessel 70. The resulting mixture of water and chemicals must thus pass through the cooling vessel 70 prior to filtration.
- the ozone generation tubes 58 are arranged in an array, such as the illustrated three rows of four tubes each, so that the combined water and chemicals flow in a tortuous pass through the generator tubes 58.
- the generator tubes thus serve as a static mixer which blends the injected chemicals with the water being treated, and the cooling vessel 70 thus also serves as a mixing vessel, with the inlet 72 serving as a mixing vessel inlet.
- " ozone-depleted coagulant-containing water flows through the outlet 30, which serves as the mixing vessel outlet, and into the filtration system 12 as previously mentioned.
- a mixture of ozone and water is corrosive to mild steel.
- the tower apparatus 10, particularly the walls of the upflow column 22, are made of a corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel. It would be unduly expensive to make the entire apparatus of such a material. Accordingly, a mechanism is provided for removing ozone from the water before it enters the filtration stages of the system.
- gas entrained in the process water is collected in a gas collection chamber or region 62 at the top of the tower before the water reaches the ozone generation elements 58.
- Gas, including any unreacted ozone is removed via a gas collector system 63.
- the gas collector system includes a demister 64 which is connected to a catalytic off-gas destruction system (not shown) .
- a pump (not shown) connected to the demister 64 maintains the gas separation region 62 at a slightly subat ospheric pressure to encourage the separation of gas from water at the tops of the columns 22, 24.
- a detection system is provided to be sure that substantially all ozone is removed before water enters the filtration sections of the apparatus.
- This system can include a device 66, such as an OZOMETER brand residual ozone analyzer manufactured by Hankin Atlas, positioned to test ' water at a location downstream of the gas collection chamber 62 and then signal if the ozone content of the tested water exceeds a predetermined amount.
- a gas supply controller unit 67 including a device such as an OZOMICRO brand controller manufactured by Hankin Atlas, is adapted to respond to a signal from the ozone detector 66 and, in response to the signal, to reduce the rate of ozone injection through the diffuser 52 when the ozone content of the sampled water exceeds the predetermined amount.
- this is accomplished by signaling the power supply of the controller unit 67 to reduce the electrical current supplied to the electrodes of the ozone generation elements 58. Reducing the current in turn reduces the percentage of ozone in the gas injected via the diffuser 52.
- gas removed via the demister can be tested for ozone content by an ozone analyzer 68. And, if the ozone content exceeds a predetermined amount, the gas supply controller 67 is signaled to reduce the rate of ozone injection.
- Other methods of testing for residual ozone can be used, and will be familiar to those who are experienced in this art.
- the drawings show a tower that is much higher than other parts of the apparatus. This serves two purposes. It is beneficial for the upflow or contactor column 22 to be a tall to ensure complete ozone contact. Having a tall return column 24 is helpful since it provides the hydraulic head necessary to drive the water, by gravity, through the downstream filtration system. To provide sufficient head, the height of the weir 28 is greater than the water levels required for operation of both the subsequent filtration stages 34,
- the weir 40 is at a higher elevation than the upper surfaces 80, 81 of the beds 36, 41 of particulate media in both filter stages and is higher than the bottoms of the clarifier outlets 46.
- the surface 82 of water in the column 24 should be maintained within a predetermined elevation range.
- the surface 82 should be at a higher elevation than the tops of the beds 36, 41 of particulate media in both filter stages and should be higher than the bottoms of-the clarifier outlets 46.
- the surface 82 should also be at least three inches below the top of the weir 28 so that water will fall freely for a distance after passing over the weir. The free falling water creates turbulence when it contacts the surface of water in the column 24.
- a float switch 84 provided near the top of the return column 24, serves as a level sensor. If the water in the return column rises to a height sufficient to trip the float switch, cleaning of the clarifier bed 36 will commence automatically in response.
- Other devices such as pressure sensors (not shown)., can be used for a similar task as the float switch 84.
- the cleaning mechanism for the clarifier 34 will advantageously include an air injection system 86 below the bed 36 of particulate material.
- the sensor detects a condition of water in the return tower 61, which condition indicates that the level of the water column 24 exceeds the predetermined level, the sensor signals an electronic controller (not show) .
- the controller responds by operating fluid flow control valves to initiate cleaning, e.g. to initiate a flow of air into the air injection system 86.
- water that contains contaminants is directed to flow upwardly through the contact tower 60 while operating the ozone generation system to inject ozone via the diffuser 52.
- any residual ozone is separated from the water.
- Water at the top of the column 22 the surface of the water is in contact with gas that is maintained at a slightly subatmospheric pressure, preferably from one to four inches of vacuum, in the region 62.
- the negative pressure maintained in the separation region 62 urges separation of gasses from the water.
- measurements are taken to ensure that the no appreciable amount of water-borne ozone enters the filter system 12. If more than a predetermined maximum amount of ozone is detected, the rate of ozone injection through the diffuser 52 is reduced.
- water is passed through an array of ozone generation elements to cool the elements.
- water passes through an array of ozone generation tubes 58.
- Filtration aids particularly coagulants, are added at a location 78 upstream of the ozone generation tubes, so that the mixture of water and filter aids is agitated as it flows through the array of tubes.
- the heated mixture of water and filter aid chemicals is passed through a vessel 35 containing a bed 36 of particulate material to separate solids from the water. If during the filtering operation it is sensed that the water level in the return column 24 has exceeded a predetermined height, automatic cleaning of the filter bed 36 is commenced in response.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU25146/95A AU2514695A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Method and apparatus for water treatment |
NZ285667A NZ285667A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Ozone water treatment and solids separation apparatus |
EP95919186A EP0759891B1 (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Method and apparatus for water treatment |
CA002189757A CA2189757C (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Method and apparatus for water treatment |
AT95919186T ATE222218T1 (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING WATER |
DE69527784T DE69527784D1 (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING WATER |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US241,657 | 1994-05-12 | ||
US08/241,657 US5514284A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1994-05-12 | Method and apparatus for water treatment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995031407A1 true WO1995031407A1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
WO1995031407B1 WO1995031407B1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Family
ID=22911633
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/006029 WO1995031407A1 (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1995-05-12 | Method and apparatus for water treatment |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5514284A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0759891B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE222218T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2514695A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69527784D1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ285667A (en) |
TW (1) | TW254915B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995031407A1 (en) |
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-
1994
- 1994-05-12 US US08/241,657 patent/US5514284A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-20 TW TW083104590A patent/TW254915B/en active
-
1995
- 1995-05-12 AU AU25146/95A patent/AU2514695A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-12 EP EP95919186A patent/EP0759891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 NZ NZ285667A patent/NZ285667A/en unknown
- 1995-05-12 WO PCT/US1995/006029 patent/WO1995031407A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-12 DE DE69527784T patent/DE69527784D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 AT AT95919186T patent/ATE222218T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-05-07 US US08/716,704 patent/US5766488A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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FR1528836A (en) * | 1967-05-02 | 1968-06-14 | Cie Generale Des Eaux | Method and installation for the treatment of water with ozone |
FR2096947A1 (en) * | 1970-07-20 | 1972-03-03 | Trailigaz | Gas/liquid contacting unit - esp used as swimming pool ozoniser |
BE826801A (en) * | 1975-03-18 | 1975-07-16 | SWIMMING POOL WATER STERILIZATION DEVICE | |
DE2812794A1 (en) * | 1978-03-23 | 1979-09-27 | Bruno Bachhofer | Swimming pool water treatment - controls halogen and ozone addition by redox potential measurement |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2355980A (en) * | 1999-11-06 | 2001-05-09 | Dr Sekhar Deb | Water purification |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69527784D1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
US5766488A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
ATE222218T1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
EP0759891B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
EP0759891A1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
US5514284A (en) | 1996-05-07 |
NZ285667A (en) | 1998-09-24 |
AU2514695A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
TW254915B (en) | 1995-08-21 |
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