WO1995012650A1 - Thickener for aqueous compositions - Google Patents
Thickener for aqueous compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995012650A1 WO1995012650A1 PCT/US1994/012208 US9412208W WO9512650A1 WO 1995012650 A1 WO1995012650 A1 WO 1995012650A1 US 9412208 W US9412208 W US 9412208W WO 9512650 A1 WO9512650 A1 WO 9512650A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- alkyl
- composition
- nonionic surfactant
- ester
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- -1 sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 101
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 87
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical group C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000837 carbohydrate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- AMOKUAKXKXBFIW-WJDWOHSUSA-N 9-[(z)-non-3-enyl]-10-octylnonadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC\C=C/CCCCC AMOKUAKXKXBFIW-WJDWOHSUSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 claims 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 78
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical class OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFFFESPCCPXZOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;oxirane Chemical compound C1CO1.OCC(CO)(CO)CO VFFFESPCCPXZOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CO BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012545 Vaccinium macrocarpon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002118 Vaccinium oxycoccus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000291414 Vaccinium oxycoccus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004634 cranberry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCCCO GHLKSLMMWAKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UVSYOFPXSA-N (3s,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound COC1OC(CO)[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UVSYOFPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083957 1,2-butanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDGUCRQNTDPGSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GDGUCRQNTDPGSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBFUGGOVPHCNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO.CCC(CO)(CO)CO XBFUGGOVPHCNEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RLMGYIOTPQVQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCC(O)C1 RLMGYIOTPQVQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCVOSERVUCJNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1O VCVOSERVUCJNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUUPJBRGQCEZSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1CCC(O)C1 NUUPJBRGQCEZSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XPJRQAIZZQMSCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptaethylene glycol Polymers OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO XPJRQAIZZQMSCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl beta-galactoside Natural products COC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOUCRWJEKAGKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(diethylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]acetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=CC=C1O BOUCRWJEKAGKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/604—Alkylpolyglycosides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/86—Polyethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2055—Dihydric alcohols unsaturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2068—Ethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/59—Mixtures
- A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
- C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2048—Dihydric alcohols branched
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2051—Dihydric alcohols cyclic; polycyclic
Definitions
- This invention relates to thickeners for increasing the viscosity of aqueous compositions.
- this invention relates to thickeners which are easily incorporated into aqueous-based cosmetics and latex paints.
- aqueous systems require thickeners in order to be useful for various types of applications.
- Such aqueous-based systems as cosmetics, protective coatings for paper and metal, printing inks, and latex paints all require the incorporation of thickeners in order to have the proper rheological characteristics for their particular uses.
- Many substances useful as thickeners are known in the art. These include natural polymers such as casein and alginates, and synthetic materials such as cellulose derivatives, acrylic polymers, and polyurethane polymers.
- Some thickeners for use in personal care products such as shampoos, facial cleaners, liquid hand soaps, and the like require prolonged mixing periods and h ; gh temperatures to be incorporated into the products to be thickened.
- One type of such thickeners contains: (a) a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; (b) water; (c) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (d) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 40.
- Another type of such thickeners contains (a) water; (b) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (c) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
- the thickeners according to the invention are very versatile in that they can be used to thicken such personal care products as shampoos, liquid hand soaps, showers gels, facial cleansers, and bubble bath soaps while also functioning as temporary thickeners for acrylic latex paints.
- cosolvents which can be used in one type of thickener according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate esters which are a mixture of mono- and di-esters of phosphoric acid wherein the ester groups are ethoxylated alcohols or ethoxylated alkyl phenols or a combination thereof.
- a diol can be any saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or cyclic compound having 2 alcohol functionalities.
- diols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2- butanediol, 1 ,3-butanediol, 1 ,4-butanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,10-decanediol, 1 ,12-dodecanediol, 2-methyl-1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,2- cyclopentanediol, 1 ,3-cyclopentanediol, 1 ,2-cyclohexanediol, 1 ,3- cyclohexanediol, 1 ,4-cyclohexan
- the alkyl group of the mono alkyl ether of a diol has from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and can be any mono ether derivative of any of the diols set forth above or a mono ether of a poi iylene glycol having a molecular weight of less than
- Examples of such compounds include but are not limited to 2- methoxyethanol (the mono methyl ether of ethylene glycol), 2-butoxyethanol (the mono butyl ether of ethylene glycol), butyl carbitol (monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol), butoxytriglycol (monobutyl ether of t ethylene glycol), methoxy PEG-200 (mono methyl ether of polyethyleneglycol-200), methoxy
- PEG-350 (mono methyl ether of polyethyleneglycol-350).
- the preferred cosolvents are 1 ,2- propanediol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and methoxy PEG-350.
- a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol can be the alkali metal sulfate salt or ammonium sulfate salt of an ethoxylated alcohol wherein the alcohol is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a phenol or an alkyl phenol.
- Such compounds are available commercially, for example from Rhone-Poulenc Surfactant and Specialty Division, Cranberry, NJ, as ALIPAL® C0433 which is the sodium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, ALIPAL® C0436 which is the ammonium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, ALIPAL® E0526 sodium salt of a sulfated alkylphenoxypolyethyleneox ethanol.
- compositions according to the invention which contain cosolvents can contain up to 25% by weight of any one or a combination of cosolvents as disclosed herein.
- Each of the thickener types according to the invention contain a nonionic
- nonionic surfactants having an HLB of less than about 14.
- nonionic surfactants can be any nonionic surfactant or combinations thereof having an HLB value of less than 14 as determined experimentally or calculated by the following Equations
- Equation I E/5 (I) o Equation I is used to calculate the HLB value of a surfactant where only ethylene oxide is used to produce the hydrophilic moiety.
- E is the weight percent of the oxyethylene content. Equation II
- HLB 20(1 -S/A) (II) is used to calculate the HLB of fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols wherein 5 S is the saponification number of the ester and A is the acid number of the acid.
- alkyl polyglycosides One class of particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl polyglycosides.
- the alkyl polyglycosides which can be used in the compositions according to the invention have the formula I
- R 1 0(R 2 0) b (Z) a I 0 wherein R 1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R 2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6.
- Preferred alkyl polyglycosides which can be used in the compositions according 5 to the invention have the formula I wherein Z is a glucose residue and b is zero.
- alkyl polyglycosides are commercially available, for example, as APG®, GLUCOPON®, or PLANTAREN® surfactants from Henkel Corporation, Ambler, PA., 19002.
- surfactants include but are not limited to:
- APG® 225 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group o contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
- APG® 425 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
- APG® 625 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization
- APG® 325 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 9 to 11 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
- GLUCOPON® 600 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl 0 groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4.
- PLANTAREN® 2000 Surfactant - a C ⁇ alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4. 5
- PLANTAREN® 1300 Surfactant - a C 12 . 16 alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
- alkyl polyglycoside surfactant compositions which are comprised of mixtures of compounds of formula I wherein Z represents a o moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6; and R 1 is an alkyl radical having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- compositions are characterized in that they have increased surfactant properties and an HLB in the range of about 10 to about 16 and a non-Flory distribution of glycosides, which is comprised of a mixture of an 5 alkyl monoglycoside and a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides having varying degrees of polymerization of 2 and higher in progressively decreasing amounts, in which the amount by weight of polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 2, or mixtures thereof with the polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 3, predominate in relation to the amount of monoglycoside, 0 said composition having an average degree of polymerization of about 1.8 to about 3.
- compositions also known as peaked alkyl polyglycosides
- the relative distribution of the various components, mono- and poly-glycosides, in the resulting product changes and the concentration in the product of the polyglycosides relative to the monoglycoside increases as well as the concentration of individual polyglycosides to the total, i.e. DP2 and DP3 fractions in relation to the sum of all DP fractions.
- Such compositions are disclosed in U.S. patent 5,266,690, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Preferred alkyl polyglycosides are compounds of formula I: (a) wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.7; (b) wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.4; wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.6.
- nonionic surfactants examples include a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol, a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, and the like.
- compositions according to the invention can contain up to 60% by weight of any one or a combination of nonionic surfactants.
- the thickener compositions according to the invention can contain either or both of the following types of complex esters: (1 ) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 or, (2) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
- One type of complex ester according to the present invention is an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation of from about 80 to about 400.
- a carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol can be a single carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol or a mixture of a large number of such esters wherein each component of the mixture is a carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol having a definite degree of ethoxylation and definite degree of este fication.
- a sample of an isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100 may contain a single compound wherein each molecule is a di-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol wherein each alcohol group is ethoxylated with 100 oxyethylene units.
- the sample may also contain a mixture of compounds comprised of at least the mono-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100 and di-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100.
- the degree of ethoxylation is stated as an average because, in the ethoxylation reaction, a distribution of polyethoxylation is invariably obtained.
- Such esters can be made, for example, by esterifying an ethoxylated polyol having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400 with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the esterification reaction can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art such as by direct esterification with a fatty acid or by transesterification of a fatty acid ester or by reaction with a fatty acid halide.
- An ethoxylated polyol is any compound having at least 3 alcohol groups wherein the majority of the alcohol functionalities have been etherified with polyoxyethylene.
- alkyl polyglycoside as set forth above can also serve as a polyol which can be ethoxylated and used in the compositions according to the invention.
- Ethoxylated polyols can be made by any method known to those skilled in the art such as by the direct ethoxylation of a polyol as disclosed in Example 1.
- the preferred esters of ethoxylated polyols are pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 120 esterified with an average of 4 moles of fatty acid mixture comprised of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 90 esterified with an average of 4 moles of isostearic acid; and pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 130 esterified with an average of 4 moles of isostearic acid; and pentaerythritol PEG-120
- Another type of complex ester according to the invention is a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
- Such polyesters can be made by any method known those skilled in the art. One method comprises first reacting a polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups with an ethoxylating agent such as ethylene oxide or ethylene carbonate to form an ethoxylated polyol having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400 followed by reaction with fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the molar ratio of fatty acid to ethoxylated polyol is chosen such that the reaction product will be less than completely esterified thereby having free alcohol groups.
- the partially esterified ethoxylated polyol thus obtained is then reacted with a dicarboxylic acid having from about 2 to about 54 carbon atoms.
- the ratio of carboxylic acid equivalents to alcohol group equivalents is from about 0.75 to about 2.5.
- Another method comprises first reacting a polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the molar ratio of fatty acid to polyol is chosen such that the reaction product will be less than completely esterified thereby having free alcohol groups.
- the partially esterified polyol thus obtained is then reacted with an ethoxylating agent such as ethylene oxide or ethylene carbonate to form an ethoxylated polyol partially esterified with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400.
- the partially esterified ethoxylated polyol thus obtained is then reacted with a dicarboxylic acid having from about 2 to about 5 54 carbon atoms.
- the ratio of carboxylic acid equivalents to alcohol group equivalents is from about 0.75 to about 2.5.
- a preferred polyester type of complex ester is a polyester comprised of a repeat unit derived from an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 which is 0 partially esterified with a fatty acid having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms.
- a most preferred polyester type of corrrSex ester is a polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isos-earate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from aoout 150 and 5 a repeat unit derived from a C 36 dimer acid.
- the two types of complex esters which can be used in the thickener compositions according to the invention can be used alone or in combination. It may be advantageous to employ a combination of complex esters in the thickeners according to the invention for some applications.
- a thickener composition according to the invention contains a complex ester of the polyester type by itself, there is normally no need to include a cosolvent.
- a thickener composition which contains a polyester type of complex ester may contain a cosolvent as disclosed herein.
- the thickener compositions according 5 to the invention can contain a cosolvent as disclosed herein.
- the amount of thickener according to the invention which can be used to thicken - ueous compositions such as personal care products which includes shampc ⁇ , facial cleaners, liquid hand soaps, and the like will vary according to the composition of the product to be thickened and is readily determinable by o one of ordinary skill in the art.
- a thickening effective amount will typically range from 0.1 % to 5.0 % by weight.
- the thickener competitions according to the invention can be made by mixing the cosolvent, water, nonionic surfactant and, and complex ester using standard mixing equipment.
- a preferred thickener composition is comprised of: (a) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of water; (c) from about 30% to about 60% by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I wherein R 1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R 2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25% to about 50% by weight of a polyester is comprised of a repeat unit derived from a partial fatty acid ester wherein the fatty acid portion of the ester has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having
- Another preferred thickener composition is comprised of: (a) from about 1.0 % to about 25 % by weight of 1 ,2-propanediol; (b) from about 5 % to about 25 % by weight of water; (c) from about 20 % to about 60 % by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
- Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6. and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25 % to about 60 % by weight of an ester of an ethoxylated polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEX-3-1-2G- tetra isostearate and combinations thereof.
- an ester of an ethoxylated polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isost
- KOH/g was transferred to an ethoxylation vessel and 3.6 grams of potassium hydroxide was added. Its contents were degassed and dried at 115-120° C to a moisture of 0.08%. Ethylene oxide was introduced at 140-150°C and reacted to a hydroxyl number of 43 mg KOH/g, at which time, the reaction was stopped o and 3.8 grams of acetic acid was added. The product had a final hydroxyl value of 43 rr q KOH/g and an acid value of 1.63 mg KOH/g.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that 0.076 mole of a
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that a C10-C18 alkyl polyglycoside was substituted for pentaerythritol.
- EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Pentaerythritol PEG-90 Tetraisostearate The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with a pentaerythritol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number of 52 mg KOH/g. The ethoxylate was reacted with isostearic acid at a 1 :1 equivalent ratio. The final ester had an acid value of 0.86 mg KOH/g.
- Example 7 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with a pentaerythritol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number of 39 mg KOH/g. The ethoxylate was reacted with isostearic acid at a 1:1 equivalent ratio. The final ester had an acid value of 1.25 mg KOH/g.
- Examples 1 and 3-6 were blended with different nonionic surfactants, water, and cosolvents.
- the thickener compositions and their dispersability in surfactant solutions are listed in Table 1.
- Tables 2 and 3 lists thickening data of thickener compositions in shampoo formulations.
- a thickener concentrate (1.6 grams) having a composition of 40% decyl-
- a thickener concentrate (1.6 grams) having a composition of 40% C 12 -C 16
- PLANTAREN® 2000 Surfactant from 976 cps (containing no thickener) to 1 ,480 cps. 0 E XAMPLE 10
- the pH was adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid.
- the pH was adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid.
- PPEG-TIS pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra isostearate
- PG propylene glycol
- NP12 nonylphenol ethoxylate
- DA6 decyl alcohol ethoxylate
- 6 EO (HLB 12.5)
- C ( i 2 -i 4 fX mixed linear ethoxylated alcohols, X moles EO
- the following comparative examples show the thickening effect of the same esterified ethoxylated polyol by itself and when incorporated into a composition according to the invention.
- a thickener according to the invention which contained pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate dissolved readily at room temperature in a typical shampoo formulation. Pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate alone did not dissolve in a typical shampoo formulation and dissolved only at elevated temperatures and with difficulty.
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 About 1. 2 grams of pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate were added to 60 grams of shampoo formulation A. The thickener dissolved in the shampoo after heating at 70°C for one hour to form a thickened solution having a Brookfield viscosity of 27,750 cps (#4 @ 12 rpm @ 25°C).
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 About 1. 2 grams of pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate were added to 60 grams of shampoo formulation A at a temperature of 25 °C. The thickener did not dissolve in the shampoo after mixing at 25°C for 24 hours.
- Dimer Acid Polymer In a 3 liter reaction flask equipped with an agitator, distillation condenser, nitrogen and temperature inlets, 2698 grams (30.6 moles) of ethylene carbonate was heated to 65-70°C. Pentaerythritol (1 ,302 grams, 9.57 moles) was added and the reaction mass was heated to 100-110°C. After adding 8 grams of potassium hydroxide, starting a nitrogen sweep, and raising the temperature to 150-160°C, the contents were reacted for 2 hours. The temperature was raised to 185-190°C and the reaction continued until a hydroxyl number of 810.7 mg KOH/g was reached. A vacuum strip at 185°C was used to remove any volatiles before the product was discharged.
- potassium hydroxide 3.6 grams
- Its contents were degassed and dried at 115-120°C to a moisture of 0.08%.
- ⁇ _thylene oxide was introduced at 140-150°C and reacted to a hydroxyl number of 40.0 mg KOH/g and an acid value of 1.63 mg KOH/g.
- the final composition contained 35% pentaerythritol 120EO diisotearate dimer acid polymer, 40% decyl 6EO linear alcohol, and 25% water having a viscosity of 1,335 cps (Brookfield Viscometer, spindle #2 at 30 rpm, 25°C), pH of 5.8, and an Acid Value of 6.5 mg KOH/g.
- Example 1 Dimer Acid Polymer.
- Example 1 was repeated except that the ester product was diluted to yield a composition containing 26% pentaerythritol 120EO diisostearate dimer acid poiyr.i ⁇ r, 30% C12-C14 3EO linear alcohol, 24% decyl 6EO linear alcohol, and 20% water having a viscosity of 900 cps (Brookfield Viscometer, spindle #2 at 30 rpm, 25°C), pH of 6.2, and an Acid Value of 3.5 mg KOH/g.
- EXAMPLE 13 EXAMPLE 13
Abstract
A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, a complex ester.
Description
THICKENER FOR AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to thickeners for increasing the viscosity of aqueous compositions. In particular, this invention relates to thickeners which are easily incorporated into aqueous-based cosmetics and latex paints.
2. Description of the Related Art
Many aqueous systems require thickeners in order to be useful for various types of applications. Such aqueous-based systems as cosmetics, protective coatings for paper and metal, printing inks, and latex paints all require the incorporation of thickeners in order to have the proper rheological characteristics for their particular uses. Many substances useful as thickeners are known in the art. These include natural polymers such as casein and alginates, and synthetic materials such as cellulose derivatives, acrylic polymers, and polyurethane polymers. Some thickeners for use in personal care products such as shampoos, facial cleaners, liquid hand soaps, and the like require prolonged mixing periods and h;gh temperatures to be incorporated into the products to be thickened. In some instances, the effectiveness of some thickeners has been found to be influenced by the components in the compos.-, jns to be thickened. Thus, there is a need for thickeners for aqueous- based personal care products which are readily incorporated and whose e" , ,cy
is not affected by other components such as salts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Highly efficient thickeners have been surprisingly discovered that are easily incorporated into aqueous-based personal care formulations at temperatures as low as 20° C and without the need for heating and prolonged mixing. One type of such thickeners contains: (a) a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; (b) water; (c) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (d) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 40.
Another type of such thickeners contains (a) water; (b) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (c) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
The thickeners according to the invention are very versatile in that they can be used to thicken such personal care products as shampoos, liquid hand soaps, showers gels, facial cleansers, and bubble bath soaps while also functioning as temporary thickeners for acrylic latex paints.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about". The cosolvents which can be used in one type of thickener according to the invention are selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate esters which are a mixture of mono- and di-esters of phosphoric acid wherein the ester groups are ethoxylated alcohols or ethoxylated alkyl phenols or a combination thereof.
A diol can be any saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or cyclic
compound having 2 alcohol functionalities. Examples of such diols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2- butanediol, 1 ,3-butanediol, 1 ,4-butanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1 ,10-decanediol, 1 ,12-dodecanediol, 2-methyl-1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,2- cyclopentanediol, 1 ,3-cyclopentanediol, 1 ,2-cyclohexanediol, 1 ,3- cyclohexanediol, 1 ,4-cyclohexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethyleneglycol, PEG- 200 (polyethyleneglycol-200), and PEG-400 (polyethyleneglycol-400).
The alkyl group of the mono alkyl ether of a diol has from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and can be any mono ether derivative of any of the diols set forth above or a mono ether of a poi iylene glycol having a molecular weight of less than
700. Examples of such compounds include but are not limited to 2- methoxyethanol (the mono methyl ether of ethylene glycol), 2-butoxyethanol (the mono butyl ether of ethylene glycol), butyl carbitol (monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol), butoxytriglycol (monobutyl ether of t ethylene glycol), methoxy PEG-200 (mono methyl ether of polyethyleneglycol-200), methoxy
PEG-350 (mono methyl ether of polyethyleneglycol-350). In thickener compositions for personal care products, the preferred cosolvents are 1 ,2- propanediol, PEG-200, PEG-400, and methoxy PEG-350.
A salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol can be the alkali metal sulfate salt or ammonium sulfate salt of an ethoxylated alcohol wherein the alcohol is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms or a phenol or an alkyl phenol. Such compounds are available commercially, for example from Rhone-Poulenc Surfactant and Specialty Division, Cranberry, NJ, as ALIPAL® C0433 which is the sodium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, ALIPAL® C0436 which is the ammonium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, ALIPAL® E0526 sodium salt of a sulfated alkylphenoxypolyethyleneox ethanol.
Complex organic phosphate esters which are a mixture of mono- and di- esters of phosphoric acid wherein the ester groups are ethoxylated alcohols or ethoxylated alkyl phenols are available commercially, for example from Rhone-
Poulenc Surfactant and Specialty Division, Cranberry, NJ, as GAFAC® RA600, GAFAC® BH650, and GAFAC® BI729, each of which is a free acid of a complex
organic phosphate ester. The compositions according to the invention which contain cosolvents can contain up to 25% by weight of any one or a combination of cosolvents as disclosed herein.
Each of the thickener types according to the invention contain a nonionic
5 surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14. Such nonionic surfactants can be any nonionic surfactant or combinations thereof having an HLB value of less than 14 as determined experimentally or calculated by the following Equations
I or II
HLB = E/5 (I) o Equation I is used to calculate the HLB value of a surfactant where only ethylene oxide is used to produce the hydrophilic moiety. In Equation I, E is the weight percent of the oxyethylene content. Equation II
HLB = 20(1 -S/A) (II) is used to calculate the HLB of fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols wherein 5 S is the saponification number of the ester and A is the acid number of the acid.
One class of particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl polyglycosides. The alkyl polyglycosides which can be used in the compositions according to the invention have the formula I
R10(R20)b(Z)a I 0 wherein R1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6. Preferred alkyl polyglycosides which can be used in the compositions according 5 to the invention have the formula I wherein Z is a glucose residue and b is zero.
Such alkyl polyglycosides are commercially available, for example, as APG®, GLUCOPON®, or PLANTAREN® surfactants from Henkel Corporation, Ambler, PA., 19002. Examples of such surfactants include but are not limited to:
1. APG® 225 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group o contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
2. APG® 425 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group
contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
3. APG® 625 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization
5 of 1.6.
4. APG® 325 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 9 to 11 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
5. GLUCOPON® 600 Surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl 0 groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4.
6. PLANTAREN® 2000 Surfactant - a C^ alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4. 5 7. PLANTAREN® 1300 Surfactant - a C12.16 alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
Other examples include alkyl polyglycoside surfactant compositions which are comprised of mixtures of compounds of formula I wherein Z represents a o moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6; and R1 is an alkyl radical having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The compositions are characterized in that they have increased surfactant properties and an HLB in the range of about 10 to about 16 and a non-Flory distribution of glycosides, which is comprised of a mixture of an 5 alkyl monoglycoside and a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides having varying degrees of polymerization of 2 and higher in progressively decreasing amounts, in which the amount by weight of polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 2, or mixtures thereof with the polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 3, predominate in relation to the amount of monoglycoside, 0 said composition having an average degree of polymerization of about 1.8 to about 3. Such compositions, also known as peaked alkyl polyglycosides, can be prepared by separation of the monoglycoside from the original reaction mixture
of alkyl monoglycoside and alkyl polyglycosides after removal of the alcohol. This separation may be carried out by molecular distillation and normally results in the removal of about 70-95% by weight of the alkyl monoglycosides. After removal of the alkyl monoglycosides, the relative distribution of the various components, mono- and poly-glycosides, in the resulting product changes and the concentration in the product of the polyglycosides relative to the monoglycoside increases as well as the concentration of individual polyglycosides to the total, i.e. DP2 and DP3 fractions in relation to the sum of all DP fractions. Such compositions are disclosed in U.S. patent 5,266,690, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred alkyl polyglycosides are compounds of formula I: (a) wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.7; (b) wherein R is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.4; wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.6.
Examples of combinations of nonionic surfactants include a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol, a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, and the like. Combinations comprised of an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I and nonylphenol EO-9
(nonylphenol ethoxylated with 9 moles of EO on average); an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I and decyl alcohol EO-6 (decyl alcohol ethoxylated with 6 moles of EO on average); are preferred. The compositions according to the invention can contain up to 60% by weight of any one or a combination of nonionic surfactants.
The thickener compositions according to the invention can contain either or both of the following types of complex esters: (1 ) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 or, (2) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
One type of complex ester according to the present invention is an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation of from about 80 to about 400. For purposes of the present invention, a carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol can be a single carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol or a mixture of a large number of such esters wherein each component of the mixture is a carboxylic acid ester of an ethoxylated polyol having a definite degree of ethoxylation and definite degree of este fication. For example, a sample of an isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100 may contain a single compound wherein each molecule is a di-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol wherein each alcohol group is ethoxylated with 100 oxyethylene units. The sample may also contain a mixture of compounds comprised of at least the mono-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100 and di-isostearic acid ester of ethylene glycol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 100. The degree of ethoxylation is stated as an average because, in the ethoxylation reaction, a distribution of polyethoxylation is invariably obtained. Such esters can be made, for example, by esterifying an ethoxylated polyol having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400 with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The esterification reaction can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art such as by direct esterification with a fatty acid or by transesterification of a fatty acid ester or by reaction with a fatty acid halide. An ethoxylated polyol is any compound having at least 3 alcohol groups wherein the majority of the alcohol functionalities have been etherified with polyoxyethylene. Examples of the polyols which can be used to make the ethoxylated polyols according to the invention include, but are not limited to, trimethylolethane [2-methyl-2- (hydroxymethyl)-l ,3-propanediol], trimethylolpropane [2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1,3-propanediol], and pentaerythritol (2,2-dimethylol-1,3-propanediol), diglycerol (glycerol dimer), dipentaerythritol, glycerol, and the like. An alkyl polyglycoside as set forth above can also serve as a polyol which can be ethoxylated and used in the compositions according to the invention. Ethoxylated polyols can be made by any method known to those skilled in the art such as by the direct
ethoxylation of a polyol as disclosed in Example 1. The preferred esters of ethoxylated polyols are pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 120 esterified with an average of 4 moles of fatty acid mixture comprised of fatty acids having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 90 esterified with an average of 4 moles of isostearic acid; and pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate which is an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having an average degree of ethoxylation of 130 esterified with an average of 4 moles of isostearic acid; and pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra isostearate. The compositions according to the invention can contain up to 50% by weight of any one or a combination of an ester of an ethoxylated polyol.
Another type of complex ester according to the invention is a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid. Such polyesters can be made by any method known those skilled in the art. One method comprises first reacting a polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups with an ethoxylating agent such as ethylene oxide or ethylene carbonate to form an ethoxylated polyol having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400 followed by reaction with fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The molar ratio of fatty acid to ethoxylated polyol is chosen such that the reaction product will be less than completely esterified thereby having free alcohol groups. The partially esterified ethoxylated polyol thus obtained is then reacted with a dicarboxylic acid having from about 2 to about 54 carbon atoms. The ratio of carboxylic acid equivalents to alcohol group equivalents is from about 0.75 to about 2.5.
Another method comprises first reacting a polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The molar ratio of fatty acid to polyol is chosen such that the reaction product will be less than completely esterified thereby having free alcohol groups. The partially esterified polyol thus obtained is then reacted with an ethoxylating agent such as ethylene
oxide or ethylene carbonate to form an ethoxylated polyol partially esterified with a fatty acid having from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and having an average degree of ethoxylation of from 80 to 400. The partially esterified ethoxylated polyol thus obtained is then reacted with a dicarboxylic acid having from about 2 to about 5 54 carbon atoms. The ratio of carboxylic acid equivalents to alcohol group equivalents is from about 0.75 to about 2.5.
A preferred polyester type of complex ester is a polyester comprised of a repeat unit derived from an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 which is 0 partially esterified with a fatty acid having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms. A most preferred polyester type of corrrSex ester is a polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isos-earate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from aoout 150 and 5 a repeat unit derived from a C36 dimer acid.
The two types of complex esters which can be used in the thickener compositions according to the invention can be used alone or in combination. It may be advantageous to employ a combination of complex esters in the thickeners according to the invention for some applications. However, when a o thickener composition according to the invention contains a complex ester of the polyester type by itself, there is normally no need to include a cosolvent. Nevertheless, a thickener composition which contains a polyester type of complex ester may contain a cosolvent as disclosed herein. When the two types o* complex esters are used in combination, the thickener compositions according 5 to the invention can contain a cosolvent as disclosed herein.
The amount of thickener according to the invention which can be used to thicken - ueous compositions such as personal care products which includes shampc →ά, facial cleaners, liquid hand soaps, and the like will vary according to the composition of the product to be thickened and is readily determinable by o one of ordinary skill in the art. A thickening effective amount will typically range from 0.1 % to 5.0 % by weight.
The thickener competitions according to the invention can be made by
mixing the cosolvent, water, nonionic surfactant and, and complex ester using standard mixing equipment.
A preferred thickener composition is comprised of: (a) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of water; (c) from about 30% to about 60% by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
wherein R1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25% to about 50% by weight of a polyester is comprised of a repeat unit derived from a partial fatty acid ester wherein the fatty acid portion of the ester has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 54 carbon atoms.
Another preferred thickener composition is comprised of: (a) from about 1.0 % to about 25 % by weight of 1 ,2-propanediol; (b) from about 5 % to about 25 % by weight of water; (c) from about 20 % to about 60 % by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R1O(R2O)b(Z)a I wherein R.- is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6. and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25 % to about 60 % by weight of an ester of an ethoxylated polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEX-3-1-2G- tetra isostearate and combinations thereof.
The following examples are meant to illustrate but not to limit the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 5 Preparation of Penk . rythritol PEG-120 Tetraisostearate
In a 3 liter reaction flask equipped with an agitator, distillation condenser, nitrogen and temperature inlets, 2,698 grams (30.6 moles) of ethylene carbonate was heated to 65-70°C. Pentaerythritol (1 ,302 grams, 9.57 moles) was added and the reaction mass was heated to 100-110°C. After adding 8 0 grams of potassium hydroxide, starting a nitrogen sweep, and raising the temperature to 150-160°C, the contents were reacted for 2 hours. The temperature was raised to 185-190°C and the reaction continued until a hydroxyl number of 810.7 mg KOH/g was reached. A vacuum strip at 185°C was used to remove any volatiles before the product was discharged. A portion 5 of the reaction material (260 c ams, 0.939 mole, hydroxyl number = 810.7 mg
KOH/g) was transferred to an ethoxylation vessel and 3.6 grams of potassium hydroxide was added. Its contents were degassed and dried at 115-120° C to a moisture of 0.08%. Ethylene oxide was introduced at 140-150°C and reacted to a hydroxyl number of 43 mg KOH/g, at which time, the reaction was stopped o and 3.8 grams of acetic acid was added. The product had a final hydroxyl value of 43 rr q KOH/g and an acid value of 1.63 mg KOH/g. In a 0.25 liter reaction flask equipped with an agitator, reflux condenser, nitrogen and temperature inlets, 100 grams (0.077 equivalents OH) ethoxylated pentaerythritol (hydroxyl number = 43 mg KOH/g), 0.2 gram Fascat-4100, 0.3 gram 37% hydrochloric 5 acid, and 24.1 grams (0.076 mole) of isostearic acid having an acid value of
178.05 mg KOH/g were added were heated to 200°C. The reaction was stopped when the acid value was less than 1.25 mg KOH/g.
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of Pentaerythritol PEG-120 Tetralaurate 0 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that 0.076 mole of lauric acid was substituted for the isostearic acid.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Pentaerythritol PEG-120 Esterified with
A C12-C18 Fatty Acid Mixture
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that 0.076 mole of a
C12-C18 fatty acid mixture was substituted for the isostearic acid.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of C10-C18 Alkyl Polyglycoside PEG-120
Esterified with Isostearic Acid
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that a C10-C18 alkyl polyglycoside was substituted for pentaerythritol.
EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of Pentaerythritol PEG-90 Tetraisostearate The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with a pentaerythritol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number of 52 mg KOH/g. The ethoxylate was reacted with isostearic acid at a 1 :1 equivalent ratio. The final ester had an acid value of 0.86 mg KOH/g.
EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of Pentaerythritol PEG-130 Tetraisostearate
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with a pentaerythritol ethoxylate having a hydroxyl number of 39 mg KOH/g. The ethoxylate was reacted with isostearic acid at a 1:1 equivalent ratio. The final ester had an acid value of 1.25 mg KOH/g. EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of Thickener Concentrate
The products in Examples 1 and 3-6 were blended with different nonionic surfactants, water, and cosolvents. The thickener compositions and their dispersability in surfactant solutions are listed in Table 1. Tables 2 and 3 lists thickening data of thickener compositions in shampoo formulations.
EXAMPLE 8 Thickening a Latex Paint
A thickener concentrate (1.6 grams) having a composition of 40% decyl-
6EO alcohol, 35% pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetraisostearate, 15% propyJeή T
glycol, and 10% water (Table 1 , thickener j) thickened 60.0 grams of a styrene- acrylic latex paint from 90 cps (containing no thickener) to 4,350 cps.
EXAMPLE 9 Thickening of an Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant
5 A thickener concentrate (1.6 grams) having a composition of 40% C12-C16
2EO alcohol, 35% pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetraisostearate, 15% propylene glycol, and 10% water (Table 1 , thickener m) thickened 60.0 grams of
PLANTAREN® 2000 Surfactant from 976 cps (containing no thickener) to 1 ,480 cps. 0 EXAMPLE 10
Thickening , Shampoo Formulations
Shampoo Formulation A
40% by weight of 26% sodium lauryl ether sulfate solution;
3% by weight of cocamide diethanol amine; 5 57% by weight of water.
The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid.
Shampoo Formulation B
15.0% PLANTAREN® 2000 Surfactant (50% active)
15.0% STANDAPOL® EA-2 (26% ammonium laureth sulfate) o 12.5% VELVETEX® BK-35 (cocamidopropyl betaine)
1.5% NUTRILAN® I (hydrolyzed collagen)
56.0% water.
The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with citric acid.
Table 1
PPEG-TIS = pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra isostearate PG = propylene glycol NP9 = nonylphenol ethoxylate, 9 EO (HLB = 13)
NP12 = nonylphenol ethoxylate, 12 EO (HLB = 14.2) DA6 = decyl alcohol ethoxylate, 6 EO (HLB 12.5) C(i2-i4fX = mixed linear ethoxylated alcohols, X moles EO
1 pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester
2 alkyl polyglucose ethoxylate isostearate
3 C10-C15 secondary alcohol ethoxylate, 7 moles EO
4 instant solubility in shampoo formula at 25°C
5 butyl carbitol 6 PEG-200
7 methoxy PEG-350
8 ethylene glycol
9 butoxytriglycol glucomate DOE-120 (PEG-120 methyl glucoside dioleate) " C10-C15 secondary alcohol ethoxylate, 9 EO (HLB = 13.5)
2 sorbitan monooleate PEG-20 (HLB = 15)
3 pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate
4 pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate
5 1 ,2-propanediol l6 complex organic phosphate ester
7 2.5% sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 2-EO + 32.5% 1 ,2-propanediol
Table 2
Thickening Shampoo Formula A1
Table 3
Thickening Shampoo Formula B1
The following comparative examples show the thickening effect of the
same esterified ethoxylated polyol by itself and when incorporated into a composition according to the invention. A thickener according to the invention which contained pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate dissolved readily at room temperature in a typical shampoo formulation. Pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate alone did not dissolve in a typical shampoo formulation and dissolved only at elevated temperatures and with difficulty.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
About 3.4 grams of a thickener z from Table 1 (containing 35% pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate) were added to 60 grams of shampoo formulation A. The thickener dissolved instantly in the shampoo to form a thickened solution having a Brookfield viscosity of 26,750 cps (#4 @ 12 rpm @
25°C).
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 About 1. 2 grams of pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate were added to 60 grams of shampoo formulation A. The thickener dissolved in the shampoo after heating at 70°C for one hour to form a thickened solution having a Brookfield viscosity of 27,750 cps (#4 @ 12 rpm @ 25°C).
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 About 1. 2 grams of pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate were added to 60 grams of shampoo formulation A at a temperature of 25 °C. The thickener did not dissolve in the shampoo after mixing at 25°C for 24 hours.
EXAMPLE 11
Preparation of Pentaerythritol 120EO Diisostearate
Dimer Acid Polymer. In a 3 liter reaction flask equipped with an agitator, distillation condenser, nitrogen and temperature inlets, 2698 grams (30.6 moles) of ethylene carbonate was heated to 65-70°C. Pentaerythritol (1 ,302 grams, 9.57 moles) was added and the reaction mass was heated to 100-110°C. After adding 8 grams of potassium hydroxide, starting a nitrogen sweep, and raising the temperature to 150-160°C, the contents were reacted for 2 hours. The temperature was raised to 185-190°C and the reaction continued until a hydroxyl number of 810.7 mg
KOH/g was reached. A vacuum strip at 185°C was used to remove any volatiles before the product was discharged. A portion of the reaction material (260 grams, 0.939 mole, hydroxyl number = 810.7 mg KOH/g) was transferred to an ethoxylation vessel and 3.6 grams of potassium hydroxide was added. Its contents were degassed and dried at 115-120°C to a moisture of 0.08%. ι_thylene oxide was introduced at 140-150°C and reacted to a hydroxyl number of 40.0 mg KOH/g and an acid value of 1.63 mg KOH/g. In a 0.25 liter reaction flask equipped with an agitator, reflux condenser, nitrogen and temperature inlets, 60 grams ethoxylated pentaerythritol (hydroxyl number = 40 mg KOH/g, 0.043 equivalents OH), 6.7 grams isostearic acid (Acid Value = 180.75 mg
KOH/g, 0.022 equivalents COOH), 0.1 gram hydrochloric acid (37%), and 0.1 gram FASCAT® 4100 were mixed and heated to 200°C. The reaction was allowed to progress until complete (Acid Value = 0 mg KOH/g). After which, 13.6 grams EMPOL® 1008 (C36 Dimer Acid, a trademark product of Henkel Corporation, Acid Value = 193.2 mg KOH/g, 0.047 equivalents COOH) was added and reacted until all hydroxyl was consumed. The product was further diluted with 96.2 grams of a decyl 6EO linear alcohol and 44.9 grams of water. The final composition contained 35% pentaerythritol 120EO diisotearate dimer acid polymer, 40% decyl 6EO linear alcohol, and 25% water having a viscosity of 1,335 cps (Brookfield Viscometer, spindle #2 at 30 rpm, 25°C), pH of 5.8, and an Acid Value of 6.5 mg KOH/g.
EXAMPLE 12
Preparation of Pentaerythritol 120EO Diisostearate
Dimer Acid Polymer. Example 1 was repeated except that the ester product was diluted to yield a composition containing 26% pentaerythritol 120EO diisostearate dimer acid poiyr.iβr, 30% C12-C14 3EO linear alcohol, 24% decyl 6EO linear alcohol, and 20% water having a viscosity of 900 cps (Brookfield Viscometer, spindle #2 at 30 rpm, 25°C), pH of 6.2, and an Acid Value of 3.5 mg KOH/g. EXAMPLE 13
Thickening of Shampoo Formulations
The Shampoo formulas used in this example are same as Example 10. The results are given in Tables 4 and 5.
Table 4
Thickening Shampoo Formula A*
Blends % Actives Viscosity, cps
Example 11 75 6,300
Example 12 80 21 ,000
Commercial Thickener 100 600
Blank - 25
* 2 OO%, thickener actives in shampoo
Table 5
Thickening Shampoo Formula E r
Blends % Actives Viscosity, cps
Example 11 75 3,000
Example 12 80 2,860
Commercial Thickener 100 2,000
Blank - 208
0.5% thickener actives in shampoo
Claims
1. A thickener composition comprising: (a) a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; (b) water; (c) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (d) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400.
10
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R10(R20)b(Z)a I wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 IF carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6.
20 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein R-, is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is -..Dout 1.7.
4. The composition of claim 2 wherein R is an alk< group having from 25 about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.4.
5. The composition of claim 2 wherein R*. is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a
30 is about 1.6.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cosolvent is 1 ,2-propanediol,
PEG-200, PEG-400, or methoxy PEG-350.
7. The composition of claim 3 wherein said cosolvent is 1 ,2-propanediol.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cosolvent is the sodium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, the ammonium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, sodium salt of a sulfated alkylphenoxypolyethyleneoxy ethanol.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cosolvent is a complex organic phosphate ester.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein said ester of an ethoxylated polyol is pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate, or pentaerythritol
PEG-120 tetra isostearate.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol; (b) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of nonyl phenol EO-9 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
15. The comp jsition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside and nonylphenol EO-9; (b) an alkyl polyglycoside and decyl alcohol EO-6.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cosolvent is present in an amount up to 25% by weight.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant is present in an amount up to 60% by weight.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein said ester of an ethoxylated polyol is present in an amount up to 50% by weight.
19. A thickener composition comprising: (a) from about 1.0 % to about 25 % by weight of 1 ,2-propanediol; (b) from about 5 % to about 25 % by weight of water; (c) from about 20 % to about 60 % by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R10(R20)b(Z)a I wherein R1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6; and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25 % to about 60 % by weight of an
ester of an ethoxylated polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG- 120 tetra isostearate and combinations thereof.
20. A method of thickening an aqueous-based formulation which comprises adding to said aqueous formulation a thickening-effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; (b) water; (c) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (d) an ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R RaOMZ). I wherein R1 is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein R^ is an alkyl group having from about
8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.7.
23. The method of claim 21 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about
1.4.
24. The method of claim 21 wherein R, is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.6.
5 25. The method of claim 20 wherein said cosolvent is 1 ,2-propanediol,
PEG-200, PEG-400, or methoxy PEG-350.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein said cosolvent is 1 ,2-propanediol.
0 27. The method of claim 20 wherein said cosolvent is the sodium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, the ammonium salt of a sulfated polyethoxynonylphenol, sodium salt of a sulfated alkylphenoxypolyethyleneoxy ethanol.
5 28. The method of claim 20 wherein said cosolvent is a complex organic phosphate ester.
29. The method of claim 20 wherein said ester of an ethoxylated polyol is pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra 0 isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate or pentaerythritol PEG-
120 tetra isostearate.
30. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) 5 a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol; (b) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
31. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an o alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
32. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
33. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of nonyl phenol EO-9 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
34. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside and nonylphenol EO-9; (b) an alkyl polyglycoside and decyl alcohol EO-6.
35. The method of claim 20 wherein said cosolvent is present in an amount up to 25% by weight.
36. The method of claim 20 wherein said nonionic surfactant is present in an amount up to 60% by weight.
37. The method of claim 20 wherein said ester of an ethoxylated polyol is present in an amount up to 50% by weight.
38. A method of thickening an aqueous-based formulation which comprises adding to said aqueous formulation a thickening-effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) from about 1.0 % to about 25 % by weight of 1 ,2-propanediol; (b) from about 5 % to about 25 % by weight of water; (c) from about 20 % to about 60 % by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R10(R20)b(Z)a I
wherein R., is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25 % to about 60 % by weight of an ester of an ethoxylated polyol selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol PEG-120 tetra C12-C18 ester, pentaerythritol PEG-90 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG-130 tetra isostearate, pentaerythritol PEG- 120 tetra isostearate and combinations thereof.
39. A thickener composition comprising: (a) water; (b) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (c) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
40. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R RaOMZ). I wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6.
41. The composition of claim 40 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.7.
42. The composition of claim 40 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.4.
43. The composition of claim 40 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.6.
44. The composition of claim 39 wherein said polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isostearate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from about 150 and a repeat unit derived from a C36 dimer acid.
45. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol; (b) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
46. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
47. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
48. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of nonyl phenol EO-9 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
49. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside and nonylphenol EO-9; (b) an alkyl polyglycoside and decyl alcohol EO-6.
50. The composition of claim 39 wherein said nonionic surfactant is present in an amount up to 60% by weight.
51. The composition of claim 39 wherein said polyester is present in an amount up to 50% by weight.
52. A thicker composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of w- , , (c) from about 30% to about 60% by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the gro-.'o consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglyc ide of f 3 formula I
R R.O Z), I wherein R, is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6, and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25% to about 50% by weight of a polyester is comprised of a repeat u^t derived from a partial fatty acid ester wherein the fatty acid portion of the e; r has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 54 carbon atoms.
53. The composition of claim 52 wherein said polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isostearate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from about 150 and a repeat unit derived from a C36 dimer acid.
54. A method of thickening an aqueous-based formulation which comprises adding to said aqueous formulation a thickening-effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) water; (b) a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of less than about 14; (c) a polyester which comprises a repeat unit derived from a partial ester of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 3 alcohol groups and having degree of ethoxylation from about 80 to about 400 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid.
55. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R10(R2O)b(Z)a I wherein R-- is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6.
56. The method of claim 55 wherein R→→ is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 10 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.7.
57. The method of claim 55 wherein R1 is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.4.
58. The method of claim 55 wherein R-- is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 16 carbon atoms; b is zero; Z is a glucose residue ; and a is about 1.6.
59. The method of claim 54 wherein said polyester is comprised of a repeat unit derived from a partial fatty acid ester wherein the fatty acid portion of the ester has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms of an ethoxylated
polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 54 carbon atoms.
60. The method of claim 54 wherein said polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isostearate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from about 150 and a repeat unit derived from a C36 dimer acid.
61. The method o- claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol; (b) a ixture of an alkyl polyglycoside and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
62. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol iO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7.
63. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of decyl alcohol EO-6 and an alkyl polyglycoside the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
64. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants comprised of nonyl phenol EO-9 and an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl groups contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
65. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is a combination of nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside and nonylpheno' ~O-9; (b) an alkyl polyglycoside and decyl alcohol EO-6.
66. The method of claim 54 wherein said nonionic surfactant is present in an amount up to 60% by weight.
67. The method of claim 54 wherein said polyester is present in an amount 5 up to 50% by weight.
68. A method of thickening an aqueous-based formulation which comprises adding to said aqueous formulation a thickening-effective amount of a composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of 0 water; (c) from about 30% to about 60% by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol EO-9, decyl alcohol EO-6, an alkyl polyglycoside of the formula I
R1O(R2O)b(Z)a I wherein R→→ is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 5 carbon atoms; R2 is divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6. and combinations thereof; (d) from about 25% to about 50% by weight of a o polyester is comprised of a repeat unit derived from a partial fatty acid ester wherein the fatty acid portion of the ester has from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms of an ethoxylated polyol having at least 4 alcohol groups and having a degree of ethoxylation from about 100 to about 200 and a repeat unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid having from about 6 to about 54 carbon 5 atoms.
69. The method of claim 68 wherein said polyester is comprised a repeat unit derived from a partial isostearate ester of an ethoxylated pentaerythritol having degree of ethoxylation from about 150 and a repeat unit derived from 0 a C36 dimer acid.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU11276/95A AU693140B2 (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Thickener for aqueous compositions |
EP95902400A EP0725814A4 (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Thickener for aqueous compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/146,549 US5501813A (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1993-11-02 | Thickener for aqueous compositions |
US08/146,549 | 1993-11-02 | ||
US08/330,353 US5597406A (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1994-11-01 | Method of thickening aqueous formulations |
US08/330,353 | 1994-11-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995012650A1 true WO1995012650A1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
Family
ID=26844044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/012208 WO1995012650A1 (en) | 1993-11-02 | 1994-11-02 | Thickener for aqueous compositions |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5597406A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0725814A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU693140B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995012650A1 (en) |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997002325A1 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Production of thickening agents in liquid state |
US5959013A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-09-28 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Production of thickening agents in liquid state |
DE19702092A1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of 1,2-alkan-di:ol derivatives as thickeners |
DE19702092C2 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2002-01-17 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Use of 1,2-alkanediols |
US6165971A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-12-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of amides of polymerized fatty acids as thickeners |
DE10047298A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-04-18 | Buck Chemie Gmbh | Toilet cleaning and freshening liquid for use under the rim of a toilet bowl is given appropriate viscosity for uniform dispensing by use of a thickener with a polyhydric alcoholate functionality |
WO2022199790A1 (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-09-29 | Symrise Ag | A liquid detergent composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0725814A4 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
US5868826A (en) | 1999-02-09 |
AU1127695A (en) | 1995-05-23 |
US5597406A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
EP0725814A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
AU693140B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
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