WO1995011333A1 - Floor coverings - Google Patents

Floor coverings Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995011333A1
WO1995011333A1 PCT/GB1994/002321 GB9402321W WO9511333A1 WO 1995011333 A1 WO1995011333 A1 WO 1995011333A1 GB 9402321 W GB9402321 W GB 9402321W WO 9511333 A1 WO9511333 A1 WO 9511333A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
topcoat
micron
wear layer
floor covering
ionomer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1994/002321
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ivor Charles Harwood
Keith Melvin Jones
Gary John Wilson
Original Assignee
The Amtico Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Amtico Company Limited filed Critical The Amtico Company Limited
Priority to AU79458/94A priority Critical patent/AU7945894A/en
Publication of WO1995011333A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995011333A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/06—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products
    • D06N3/08—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyvinylchloride or its copolymerisation products with a finishing layer consisting of polyacrylates, polyamides or polyurethanes or polyester
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to resilient floor coverings such as vinyl sheets or tiles, which are coated with a hard topcoa .
  • Resilient floor coverings which include vinyl tiles and sheet, are well known. They are described for example in an article entitled "Flooring Materials” in Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley-Interscience, Volume 7 (1987) , pages 233-247. It has been known for many years to apply a hard topcoat, which may alternatively be called a factory finish, a hardcoat or a no-wax coating, to the upper or wear layer of such flooring material, this topcoat being of polyurethane.
  • the hard topcoat provides superior gloss retention and abrasion resistance during installation and during the first few months of use. This topcoat may for example be about 25 or 50 micron thick.
  • the topcoat is worn away over a period of several months by traffic and by polishing to expose the wear layer of the floor covering underneath.
  • This wear layer may for example be in the range 500 micron to 1 mm thick.
  • the polyurethane topcoat is generally a clear transparent material through which the colour and pattern of the underlying flooring material can be seen.
  • the topcoat may be formed by spreading a c rnil ⁇ liquid urethane composition over the wear layer, followed by curing. Alternatively, a preformed polyurethane film may be laminated to the wear layer to form the topcoat.
  • Such polyurethane topcoats generally exhibit a yellow tinge and are therefore not as clear and transparent as could be desired. They are furthermore prone to yellowing on exposure to light, in particular UV light. It is an object of the present invention to provide a topcoat which overcomes these disadvantages while providing good gloss retention and good resistance to abrasion, scratching, scuffing and staining. Disclosure of the Invention
  • the invention provides a resilient floor covering having a hard topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that the topcoat consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.
  • the invention further provides a method of manufacturing a resilient floor covering comprising a hard topcoat overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that it includes the step of laminating a film of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron consisting essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid as hard topcoat to the wear layer.
  • the ionomer is a thermoplastic copolymer.
  • the olefin may for example be propylene or preferably ethylene.
  • the alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid may for example be acrylic acid or preferably methacrylic acid. Mixtures of two or more olefins and/or of two or more alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids may be used.
  • the ionomer may in addition include smaller amounts of one or more other polymerisable olefinically unsaturated monomers, for example esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
  • the carboxylic acid groups in the ionomer are at least partially neutralised by salt formation with at least one metal cation, for example lithium, sodium or zinc.
  • the at least one metal cation preferably comprises at least one polyvalent metal cation, more preferably zinc.
  • Zinc-containing ionomer resins have been found to provide good abrasion resistance.
  • lonomers suitable for use in the floor coverings of the invention have been known for many years. They are described for example in an article entitled "Ionic Polymers” in Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley-Interscience, Volume 8 (1987) , pages 393-423. lonomers based on ethylene and methacrylic acid in the form of metal salts, such as lithium, sodium and zinc salts, are sold for example by Du Pont under the Trade Mark "Surlyn".
  • the ionomer topcoat in the floor coverings of the invention provides excellent gloss retention and resistance to abrasion, scuffing, scratching and staining.
  • the ionomer topcoat possesses excellent clarity, that is to say it is highly transparent and free from yellowness.
  • the ionomer topcoat has excellent resistance to yellowing when exposed to the normal amounts of UN light found in interior environments.
  • the thickness of the ionomer topcoat may preferably be in the range 10 to 100 micron, more preferably 25 to 50 micron.
  • the wear layer of the floor covering is preferably a clear wear layer.
  • the floor covering of the invention may be a vinyl floor covering in which the wear layer consists of a plasticised PVC composition. Other materials known for the manufacture of resilient floor coverings may also be used.
  • the floor covering of the invention may be a cushion flooring containing a foam layer, for example a PVC foam layer.
  • the floor coverings of the invention may be manufactured by laminating an extruded film of the ionomer as hard topcoat to the wear layer of the floor covering.
  • the surface of the ionomer film which is to be bonded into the floor covering may be subjected beforehand to a treatment which serves to improve its adhesion characteristics to the wear layer, for example corona discharge or flame treatment.
  • a treatment which serves to improve its adhesion characteristics to the wear layer, for example corona discharge or flame treatment.
  • hot lamination may serve to adhere together the ionomer film and the wear layer sufficiently well.
  • Use of such an adhesive interlayer is generally preferred when the floor covering of the invention is a vinyl floor covering and the wear layer consists of a plasticised PVC composition. Good adhesion between the ionomer film and the PVC wear layer and good resistance to delamination can thus be obtained.
  • the adhesive interlayer is a thin layer of a suitable liquid adhesive, for example a curable liquid urethane adhesive.
  • a suitable liquid adhesive for example a curable liquid urethane adhesive.
  • a liquid urethane adhesive is preferably based on an aliphatic isocyanate.
  • Such urethane adhesives have good clarity and possess good resistance to yellowing when exposed to UV light.
  • the adhesive layer is preferably as thin as possible consistent with the formation of a uniform bond between the ionomer topcoat and the vinyl wear layer.
  • the adhesive layer is generally applied at a rate of about 5 to 50 gm "2 (dry weight basis) , corresponding to a thickness of about 4 to 40 micron, preferably at a rate of about 5 to 10 gm "2 .
  • the adhesive interlayer is an extruded film having good lamination and adhesion properties both to the extruded ionomer film and to the vinyl wear layer.
  • the extruded interlayer film is preferably as thin as possible consistent with ease of manufacture and with good lamination properties, and it is generally no more than about 75 micron thick, preferably no more than about 50 micron thick, more preferably no more than about 25 micron thick.
  • the extruded interlayer film may for example be an extruded polyurethane film, and it is preferably a coextruded film containing a layer of polyethylene bonded to a layer of polyurethane.
  • the polyethylene layer bonds well to the ionomer topcoat and the polyurethane layer bonds well to the vinyl wear layer.
  • the polyurethane is preferably based on an aliphatic isocyanate to provide good clarity and resistance to UV light.
  • Coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film suitable for use in this embodiment is available commercially.
  • the floor coverings of the invention generally comprise one or more further films laminated to the wear layer.
  • a particularly preferred construction of floor covering consists of a laminate of films in the following sequential order:
  • Clear topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron which consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid;
  • Patterned printed layer preferably a vinyl or acrylic film
  • Pigmented face-ply layer for example a vinyl composition either unfilled or preferably filled with a filler such as calcium carbonate,- and
  • Black backing layer for example a vinyl composition containing carbon black, either unfilled or preferably filled with a filler such as calcium ci rcr-ac ⁇ , icr-. may be embossed on i -3 un ersurface with the pattern of a woven mesh.
  • a PVC composition consisting of 100 parts PVC resin, 26 parts diisooctyl phthalate, 5 parts epoxidised soya bean oil amd 2 parts stabiliser was fluxed on a 2-roll mill at 160°C for 5 minutes . The resulting blend was extruded to form a film suitable for use as a clear wear layer in a resilient vinyl floor covering.
  • a composite vinyl floor covering was made by laminating together in the following sequence.-
  • PVC wear layer having the composition given above, 550 micron (22 mil) thick;
  • Patterned printed vinyl film 75 micron (3 mil) thick
  • the resulting floor covering according to the invention with an ionomer topcoat possessed the following properties in comparison with a conventional PVC floor covering (consisting of layers (3) -(7) only) :- Ionomer PVC

Abstract

Resilient floor coverings are disclosed which have a hard topcoat 5 to 150 micron thick consisting of an ionomer resin based on an olefin and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid overlying a wear layer 250 to 1250 micron thick. The hard topcoat has good clarity, resists yellowing, and provides good gloss retention and resistance to abrasion, scuffing, scratching and staining.

Description

FLOOR COVERINGS
This invention relates to resilient floor coverings such as vinyl sheets or tiles, which are coated with a hard topcoa .
Background Art
Resilient floor coverings, which include vinyl tiles and sheet, are well known. They are described for example in an article entitled "Flooring Materials" in Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley-Interscience, Volume 7 (1987) , pages 233-247. It has been known for many years to apply a hard topcoat, which may alternatively be called a factory finish, a hardcoat or a no-wax coating, to the upper or wear layer of such flooring material, this topcoat being of polyurethane. The hard topcoat provides superior gloss retention and abrasion resistance during installation and during the first few months of use. This topcoat may for example be about 25 or 50 micron thick. The topcoat is worn away over a period of several months by traffic and by polishing to expose the wear layer of the floor covering underneath. This wear layer may for example be in the range 500 micron to 1 mm thick. The polyurethane topcoat is generally a clear transparent material through which the colour and pattern of the underlying flooring material can be seen. The topcoat may be formed by spreading a c rnil≤ liquid urethane composition over the wear layer, followed by curing. Alternatively, a preformed polyurethane film may be laminated to the wear layer to form the topcoat. Such polyurethane topcoats generally exhibit a yellow tinge and are therefore not as clear and transparent as could be desired. They are furthermore prone to yellowing on exposure to light, in particular UV light. It is an object of the present invention to provide a topcoat which overcomes these disadvantages while providing good gloss retention and good resistance to abrasion, scratching, scuffing and staining. Disclosure of the Invention
The invention provides a resilient floor covering having a hard topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that the topcoat consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.
The invention further provides a method of manufacturing a resilient floor covering comprising a hard topcoat overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that it includes the step of laminating a film of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron consisting essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid as hard topcoat to the wear layer.
The ionomer is a thermoplastic copolymer. The olefin may for example be propylene or preferably ethylene. The alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid may for example be acrylic acid or preferably methacrylic acid. Mixtures of two or more olefins and/or of two or more alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids may be used. The ionomer may in addition include smaller amounts of one or more other polymerisable olefinically unsaturated monomers, for example esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid. The carboxylic acid groups in the ionomer are at least partially neutralised by salt formation with at least one metal cation, for example lithium, sodium or zinc. The at least one metal cation preferably comprises at least one polyvalent metal cation, more preferably zinc. Zinc-containing ionomer resins have been found to provide good abrasion resistance. lonomers suitable for use in the floor coverings of the invention have been known for many years. They are described for example in an article entitled "Ionic Polymers" in Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley-Interscience, Volume 8 (1987) , pages 393-423. lonomers based on ethylene and methacrylic acid in the form of metal salts, such as lithium, sodium and zinc salts, are sold for example by Du Pont under the Trade Mark "Surlyn".
The ionomer topcoat in the floor coverings of the invention provides excellent gloss retention and resistance to abrasion, scuffing, scratching and staining. The ionomer topcoat possesses excellent clarity, that is to say it is highly transparent and free from yellowness. The ionomer topcoat has excellent resistance to yellowing when exposed to the normal amounts of UN light found in interior environments.
The thickness of the ionomer topcoat may preferably be in the range 10 to 100 micron, more preferably 25 to 50 micron.
The wear layer of the floor covering is preferably a clear wear layer.
The floor covering of the invention may be a vinyl floor covering in which the wear layer consists of a plasticised PVC composition. Other materials known for the manufacture of resilient floor coverings may also be used. The floor covering of the invention may be a cushion flooring containing a foam layer, for example a PVC foam layer.
The floor coverings of the invention may be manufactured by laminating an extruded film of the ionomer as hard topcoat to the wear layer of the floor covering. The surface of the ionomer film which is to be bonded into the floor covering may be subjected beforehand to a treatment which serves to improve its adhesion characteristics to the wear layer, for example corona discharge or flame treatment. In some cases, hot lamination may serve to adhere together the ionomer film and the wear layer sufficiently well. In other cases, it may be desirable to provide an adhesive interlayer between the ionomer film and the wear layer. Use of such an adhesive interlayer is generally preferred when the floor covering of the invention is a vinyl floor covering and the wear layer consists of a plasticised PVC composition. Good adhesion between the ionomer film and the PVC wear layer and good resistance to delamination can thus be obtained.
In one embodiment, the adhesive interlayer is a thin layer of a suitable liquid adhesive, for example a curable liquid urethane adhesive. Such a liquid urethane adhesive is preferably based on an aliphatic isocyanate. Such urethane adhesives have good clarity and possess good resistance to yellowing when exposed to UV light. The adhesive layer is preferably as thin as possible consistent with the formation of a uniform bond between the ionomer topcoat and the vinyl wear layer. The adhesive layer is generally applied at a rate of about 5 to 50 gm"2 (dry weight basis) , corresponding to a thickness of about 4 to 40 micron, preferably at a rate of about 5 to 10 gm"2.
In another embodiment, the adhesive interlayer is an extruded film having good lamination and adhesion properties both to the extruded ionomer film and to the vinyl wear layer. The extruded interlayer film is preferably as thin as possible consistent with ease of manufacture and with good lamination properties, and it is generally no more than about 75 micron thick, preferably no more than about 50 micron thick, more preferably no more than about 25 micron thick. The extruded interlayer film may for example be an extruded polyurethane film, and it is preferably a coextruded film containing a layer of polyethylene bonded to a layer of polyurethane. Upon lamination, the polyethylene layer bonds well to the ionomer topcoat and the polyurethane layer bonds well to the vinyl wear layer. The polyurethane is preferably based on an aliphatic isocyanate to provide good clarity and resistance to UV light. Coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film suitable for use in this embodiment is available commercially.
The floor coverings of the invention generally comprise one or more further films laminated to the wear layer. A particularly preferred construction of floor covering consists of a laminate of films in the following sequential order:
(1) Clear topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron which consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid;
(2) Clear adhesive interlayer which either is a coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film with the polyethylene surface disposed towards the topcoat or is a cured liquid urethane adhesive,-
(3) Clear vinyl wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, preferably consisting of two plasticised vinyl films,-
(4) Patterned printed layer, preferably a vinyl or acrylic film;
(5) Pigmented face-ply layer, for example a vinyl composition either unfilled or preferably filled with a filler such as calcium carbonate,- and
(6) Black backing layer, for example a vinyl composition containing carbon black, either unfilled or preferably filled with a filler such as calcium ci rcr-ac≤, icr-. may be embossed on i -3 un ersurface with the pattern of a woven mesh.
The invention is illustrated by the following Example, in which parts are by weight:-
Example
A PVC composition consisting of 100 parts PVC resin, 26 parts diisooctyl phthalate, 5 parts epoxidised soya bean oil amd 2 parts stabiliser was fluxed on a 2-roll mill at 160°C for 5 minutes . The resulting blend was extruded to form a film suitable for use as a clear wear layer in a resilient vinyl floor covering. A composite vinyl floor covering was made by laminating together in the following sequence.-
(1) Film of an ionomer (ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer partially neutralised with zinc ions) available from Du Pont under the Trade Mark "Surlyn 9910", 75 micron (3 mil) thick;
(2) Coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film, 50 micron (2 mil) thick, the polyethylene side being disposed towards layer (1) .-
(3) PVC wear layer having the composition given above, 550 micron (22 mil) thick;
(4) PVC wear layer as (3) ,-
(5) Patterned printed vinyl film, 75 micron (3 mil) thick;
(6) White vinyl face-ply layer filled with calcium carbonate and pigmented with titanium dioxide, 380 micron (15 mil) thick; and
(7) Black vinyl backing layer filled with calcium carbonate, pigmented with carbon black, 810 micron
(32 mil) thick and embossed on the underside with the pattern of a woven fabric carrier belt .
The resulting floor covering according to the invention with an ionomer topcoat possessed the following properties in comparison with a conventional PVC floor covering (consisting of layers (3) -(7) only) :- Ionomer PVC
Taber abrasion (weight loss g/1000 cycles) 0.04 0.19 Taber scratch (g/1.25 mm) 500 500 Curl Pass Pass
Ply adhesion Pass Pass Elastic product (Nm~2) 15 15 Residual indentation (micron) <50 50 Scuff resistance Better Standard Staining - curry powder B D Staining - boot polish B D UV resistance Better Standard
In the Taber scratch test, the ionomer surface was merely marked, but material was removed from the surface of the PVC. Staining was assessed on a scale of A (no stain) to E (badly stained) .

Claims

1. A resilient floor covering having a hard topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that the topcoat consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid.
2. A resilient floor covering according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the topcoat is in the range 10 to 100 micron.
3. A resilient floor covering according to either of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the carboxylic acid groups in the ionomer are at least partially neutralised with zinc ions.
4. A resilient floor covering according to any preceding claim, wherein the wear layer is a clear wear layer.
5. A resilient floor covering according to any preceding claim, wherein the wear layer consists of a plasticised PVC composition.
6. A method of manufacturing a resilient floor covering comprising a hard topcoat overlying a wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron, characterised in that it includes the step of laminating a film of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron consisting essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid as hard topcoat to the wear layer.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein an adhesive interlayer is interposed between the ionomer topcoat film and the wear layer.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive interlayer is a coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film whereof the polyethylene surface is disposed towards the ionomer topcoat film.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein the adhesive interlayer is a curable liquid urethane adhesive.
10. A floor covering which consists of a laminate of films in the following sequential order:
(1) Clear topcoat of thickness in the range 5 to 150 micron which consists essentially of an ionomer based on an olefin and an alpha, eta-unsaturated carboxylic acid;
(2) Clear adhesive interlayer which either is a coextruded polyethylene/polyurethane film with the polyethylene surface disposed towards the topcoat or is a cured liquid urethane adhesive,-
(3) Clear vinyl wear layer of thickness in the range 250 to 1250 micron,-
(4) Patterned printed layer,-
(5) Pigmented face-ply layer,- and
(6) Black backing layer.
PCT/GB1994/002321 1993-10-21 1994-10-21 Floor coverings WO1995011333A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU79458/94A AU7945894A (en) 1993-10-21 1994-10-21 Floor coverings

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939321701A GB9321701D0 (en) 1993-10-21 1993-10-21 Floor coverings
GB9321701.6 1993-10-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995011333A1 true WO1995011333A1 (en) 1995-04-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU7945894A (en)
GB (1) GB9321701D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1995011333A1 (en)

Cited By (26)

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EP0714762A1 (en) * 1994-06-22 1996-06-05 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Facing material
WO1997009358A1 (en) * 1995-09-01 1997-03-13 Sommer Revetements Luxembourg S.A. Process for preparing powdery ionomers and their use as a protective coating for ground and wall-covering products
WO2000027892A1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-05-18 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Scratch and abrasion resistant ionomers for protective formulations
WO2001072512A1 (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-04 Perstorp Laminatproduktion Ab Flooring laminate and a process for the production thereof
EP1108529A3 (en) * 1999-12-14 2002-04-17 Mannington Mills, Inc. Thermoplastic planks and methods for making the same
US6617009B1 (en) 1999-12-14 2003-09-09 Mannington Mills, Inc. Thermoplastic planks and methods for making the same
US6761008B2 (en) 1999-12-14 2004-07-13 Mannington Mills, Inc. Connecting system for surface coverings
US6964988B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2005-11-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Scuff resistant ionomers compositions
WO2006044375A2 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective films
US7763345B2 (en) 1999-12-14 2010-07-27 Mannington Mills, Inc. Thermoplastic planks and methods for making the same
US8586663B2 (en) 2011-02-08 2013-11-19 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polymer composition comprising polyamide and ionomer
US8925275B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2015-01-06 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel
US9163414B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2015-10-20 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel
US9200460B2 (en) 2006-06-02 2015-12-01 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor covering, floor element and method for manufacturing floor elements
US9216610B2 (en) 2008-12-19 2015-12-22 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Coated panel and method for manufacturing such panel
US9222267B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2015-12-29 Valinge Innovation Ab Set of floorboards having a resilient groove
US9249581B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2016-02-02 Valinge Innovation Ab Resilient floor
CZ305755B6 (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-03-02 Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně PVC-free flooring material of optimized structure
US9359773B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2016-06-07 Columbia Insurance Company Non-vinyl resilient flooring product and methods of making same
US9528278B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2016-12-27 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Panel, covering and method for installing such panels
US10059084B2 (en) 2014-07-16 2018-08-28 Valinge Innovation Ab Method to produce a thermoplastic wear resistant foil
US10190323B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2019-01-29 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Floor panel
US10259204B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2019-04-16 Columbia Insurance Company Resilient flooring product and methods of making same
US10975580B2 (en) 2001-07-27 2021-04-13 Valinge Innovation Ab Floor panel with sealing means
US11725395B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2023-08-15 Välinge Innovation AB Resilient floor
US11794460B2 (en) 2018-01-04 2023-10-24 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Methods for manufacturing panels

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Cited By (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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