WO1994018580A1 - Remote data transfer unit and corresponding transponder - Google Patents

Remote data transfer unit and corresponding transponder Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994018580A1
WO1994018580A1 PCT/FR1994/000156 FR9400156W WO9418580A1 WO 1994018580 A1 WO1994018580 A1 WO 1994018580A1 FR 9400156 W FR9400156 W FR 9400156W WO 9418580 A1 WO9418580 A1 WO 9418580A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transponder
antenna
data
unit according
slots
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1994/000156
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohamed Elajmi
Philippe Cabon
Original Assignee
Thomson Csf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Csf filed Critical Thomson Csf
Priority to EP94906940A priority Critical patent/EP0683899A1/en
Publication of WO1994018580A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994018580A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/825—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a remote data transfer unit and a corresponding transponder. More particularly, this unit comprises a fixed beacon and a transponder, and allows a bidirectional data exchange between these two elements.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome all of these drawbacks and to create a transfer unit in which a bidirectional dialogue is established between the beacon and the transponder, with the possibility of storage in the transponder and in the beacon.
  • Another object of the invention is to differentiate the data flowing in each direction between the beacon and the transponder, in order to avoid any interaction of this data.
  • Another object of the invention is to achieve this differentiation of data, according to their sense of traffic, without complicating the creation of the beacon and transponder.
  • the transponder must remain a light element, compact and easy to transport.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the transponder with removable storage means, for example a memory card.
  • the present invention relates to a remote data transfer unit of the type comprising a fixed beacon and a mobile transponder adapted to exchange data remotely, said unit being characterized in that, on the one hand, the transponder comprises :
  • a means for receiving and transmitting signals from or to the fixed beacon a means for processing the signals received or to be transmitted, said signals being representative of the data received or transmitted,
  • the tag comprises:
  • - memory means adapted to store this data, so that the data transmitted by the beacon is carried by an amplitude modulated microwave signal and that the data transmitted by the transponder is carried by a phase modulated microwave signal or amplitude.
  • the signal carrying the data is a microwave signal.
  • a microwave signal is produced by light and space-saving electronic circuits.
  • the data is transmitted by phase modulation or by amplitude modulation. Such modulations also do not require complex, expensive or bulky devices.
  • the data storage in the transponder is advantageously carried out in the memory card itself.
  • the means for receiving and / or transmitting (the antenna) of the transponder is produced on a printed circuit of the conventional type, of low cost, and has a compact geometry.
  • This antenna can transmit, either in linear polarization, or in circular polarization.
  • the wave is emitted on either side of the plane of the antenna.
  • the beacon can thus easily receive the data transmitted by the transponder, whatever the positioning of the latter relative to the beacon.
  • the present invention also relates to a transponder provided with the means indicated above having standardized connection means for a memory card.
  • Such a transponder can be worn like a badge by a person, or by a moving object, for example a motor vehicle.
  • the use of a microwave signal to exchange data between a beacon and a transponder allows rapid exchange having a wide range of action.
  • a car fitted with a transponder housing a bank card and passing at a motorway toll can be detected and debited without imposing a slowdown in its pace.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a transfer unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the transfer unit according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view partially showing the production of a slot antenna according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the slot antenna according to the invention
  • FIG. 5a and 5b are schematic plan views showing alternative embodiments of antennas.
  • the data transfer unit 10 comprises a fixed tag 11 and a mobile transponder 12. These two elements are suitable for transmitting data between them, without contact physical and more precisely by using a microwave signal.
  • the fixed beacon 11 comprises (FIG. 2) a means for receiving and transmitting signals 13 (an antenna), a means for processing and analysis 14 of the signals received or to be transmitted, and means for storing 15 the data received or issued.
  • the fixed tag can be connected, by any suitable means 16, to a computer 17, comprising in particular a central processing unit for the signals received. This computer can be installed remotely from the beacon.
  • the transponder 12 comprises meanwhile (FIG. 2), a means 18 for receiving and transmitting signals (an antenna), a means for processing and analysis 19 of the signals received or to be transmitted, a means 20 for reading and / or writing data associated with a memory card 21.
  • This memory card 21 is inserted into slots 22 provided for this purpose (FIG. 1) in the transponder 12.
  • This card is removable and can be removed or put in place by simple sliding along arrow F.
  • Standardized connection means 23 (not detailed) allow a connection between the memory card and the read / write means 20.
  • the entire transponder 12 (except memory card) is produced on a printed circuit of the glass / epoxy type.
  • the transponder thus has a low cost and a reduced bulk.
  • the antenna 18 of the transponder is produced by etching a printed circuit 40 on a first face 30 of the latter, and consists of two annular slots 25 (FIG. 4) orthogonal to each other and containing each a central conductive line 26. It will be noted that the circumference of these slots is equal to the guided wavelength. As shown in Figure 3, each slot 25 is made by recessing a conductive layer A. Thus, the periphery of the slot 15 and the central line 26 are conductive ( Figure 3), but not the slot itself. Each central line 26 (FIG. 4) is supplied by an excitation line 27. These excitation lines 27 are produced on the opposite face 31 (FIG. 3) of the epoxy glass substrate, and are in contact with the central line 26 at its midpoint. For this purpose, they pass through the entire thickness of the glass / epoxy substrate, at the midpoint of the central lines 26.
  • each of these excitation lines 27 is connected to the means for processing the signals received or to be transmitted 19.
  • the exchange of data between the mobile transponder and the fixed beacon is done without physical contact, by emission and / or reception of microwave waves (that is to say whose frequency is greater than 100 MHz).
  • the antennas 13 and 18 respectively of the beacon and the transponder are adapted to receive or transmit such waves. So that the waves emitted by the beacon and those emitted by the transponder are easily differentiable, these waves are coded differently. Thus, the antenna 18 of the transponder transmits in phase modulation and the antenna 13 of the beacon transmits in amplitude modulation. Any interaction between these two emissions is thus advantageously avoided.
  • the antenna 13 of the beacon transmits by modulating the amplitude of a continuous microwave wave emitted in rectilinear polarization by the beacon.
  • the transponder receives and re-emits this microwave wave in phase modulation, with circular polarization.
  • the beacon then receives the wave re-emitted by the transponder according to a crossed rectilinear polarization (relative to the initial wave emitted by the beacon).
  • the beacon emits a wave polarized along X
  • the transponder re-emits the wave polarized along X and Y
  • the beacon receives in return a wave polarized according to Y.
  • the phase modulation is carried out by a field effect transistor (not shown) mounted as a common source and the grid of which is modulated by the data to be transmitted, in its binary form. Amplitude modulation is all or nothing.
  • the data to be transmitted in one direction or the other is coded two-phase differential. Such coding ensures zero continuous spectral density, hence insensitivity to the absolute phase of the signal, while allowing possible recovery of the binary rhythm.
  • the antenna 13 according to the invention is such that each of the excitation lines 27 supplying the central lines 26 is traversed by a microwave signal (emitted by the processing means 19) ⁇ having a phase shift of n - (n integer odd positive)
  • each of the slits corresponds to a quarter of the guided wavelength.
  • the data transmitted in each direction between the beacon and the transponder are formatted according to structured frames (called HDLC) containing in order: - a preamble allowing to know the frequency and the phase of the transmitting clock,
  • HDLC structured frames
  • the transponder also has an alarm function known per se.
  • the transponder emits a signal only when it has been awakened by the interrogation signal from a fixed beacon. This awakening is advantageously carried out by the phase modulation of the wave emitted by the beacon.
  • the data transfer unit makes it possible, when placing a memory card of the bank card type in the transponder, not only to detect the passage of the transponder in front of the fixed tag, but also to debit the bank card accordingly.
  • the bidirectional data exchange between the beacon and the transponder allows the beacon to know the bank account number written on the bank card, which then allows it to debit (via a network of computers 17 linked to the bank ) the account in question.
  • the tag can also store data directly on the memory card, for further processing, when using the card.
  • the antenna of the transponder has a very compact geometry (2 orthogonal slots between them) and does not require adjustment or sorting in production. According to a preferred embodiment, this antenna is adapted to transmit in circular polarization in the two directions normal to its plane.
  • Such an antenna has the following characteristics:
  • the beacon and the transponder both transmit in amplitude modulation.
  • the transponder transmits in linear and non-circular polarization.
  • the antenna 18 transmits or receives in only one of the directions normal to its plane. This simplifies the transfer unit and reduces costs, which is interesting even if it requires presenting the transponder in a specific way to the beacon so that communication is established between the transponder and the beacon.
  • the antenna can also be produced as shown in FIG. 5a.
  • the slot 25 has no center line.
  • the excitation line 27 remains on the underside 31 (in the drawing) of the printed circuit and is adapted to cross the slot and extend beyond it. This crossing can be done at a midpoint or not. In the case where the crossing point is not mid, we form an antenna variable characteristic impedance. We then create an open stub which will induce a selfic compensation.
  • the slot 25, in this case, is of very small width compared to the wavelength and of equal circumference at the guided wavelength.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and covers any variant within the reach of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the antenna of the fixed beacon can be of the same type (or not) as the antenna of the transponder.
  • the transponder and its memory card can be integrated in a case, not opposing the propagation of waves.

Abstract

Remote data transfert (10) unit of the type comprising a stationary beacon (11) and a mobile transponder (12). The invention also concerns the corresponding transponder. According to the invention, the data are exchanged between the beacon and the transponder by coding of a microwave signal. The signal, when, emitted by the beacon, is amplitude modulated; the signal, when emitted by the transponder, is phase or amplitude modulated. The transponder is characterized in that it accommodates a removable memory card (21), on which it can read or write said data. The transponder is also fitted with a compact and low cost antenna.

Description

UNITE DE TRANSFERT DE DONNEES A DISTANCE ET TRANSPONDEUR CORRESPONDANT REMOTE DATA TRANSFER UNIT AND CORRESPONDING TRANSPONDER
La présente invention concerne une unité de transfert de données à distance et un transpondeur correspondant. Plus particulièrement, cette unité comporte une balise fixe et un transpondeur, et permet un échange de données bidirectionnel entre ces deux éléments.The present invention relates to a remote data transfer unit and a corresponding transponder. More particularly, this unit comprises a fixed beacon and a transponder, and allows a bidirectional data exchange between these two elements.
Il est déjà connu, notamment par le brevet FR 89.02502, des systèmes d'identification d'un mobile en déplacement à proximité d'une balise fixe d'interrogation. Dans un tel système, le mobile en déplacement (transpondeur) émet un code unique prédéterminé. Ce code est reçu par la balise fixe qui l'identifie. De tels systèmes sont par exemple utilisés pour le suivi des mouvements du personnel dans une entreprise. Chaque employé porte un badge (transpondeur) qui l'identifie lorsqu'il passe devant une balise. Selon son identité, l'accès à certaines zones de l'entreprise lui est autorisé (ou non). Dans ce type de système, le transpondeur émet un signal unique. Il n'est pas possible d'interroger le transpondeur de manière sélective pour qu'il transmette vers la balise telle ou telle donnée. En outre, la balise ne peut pas émettre une donnée susceptible d'être mémorisée par le transpondeur ; il n'y a pas de réelle interactivité entre ces deux éléments.It is already known, in particular from patent FR 89.02502, systems for identifying a moving mobile near a fixed interrogation tag. In such a system, the moving mobile (transponder) transmits a predetermined unique code. This code is received by the fixed tag that identifies it. Such systems are for example used for monitoring the movement of personnel in a company. Each employee wears a badge (transponder) which identifies him when he passes in front of a beacon. Depending on their identity, access to certain areas of the company is authorized (or not). In this type of system, the transponder transmits a single signal. It is not possible to interrogate the transponder selectively so that it transmits such or such data to the beacon. In addition, the beacon cannot transmit data capable of being memorized by the transponder; there is no real interactivity between these two elements.
Le but de la présente invention est de pallier l'ensemble de ces inconvénients et de créer une unité de transfert dans laquelle un dialogue bidirectionnel soit établi entre la balise et le transpondeur, avec possibilité de mémorisation dans le transpondeur et dans la balise.The aim of the present invention is to overcome all of these drawbacks and to create a transfer unit in which a bidirectional dialogue is established between the beacon and the transponder, with the possibility of storage in the transponder and in the beacon.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de différencier les données circulant dans chacun des sens entre la balise et le transpondeur, afin d'éviter toute interaction de ces données.Another object of the invention is to differentiate the data flowing in each direction between the beacon and the transponder, in order to avoid any interaction of this data.
Un autre but de l'invention est de réaliser cette différenciation des données, selon leur sens de circulation, sans compliquer la réalisation de la balise et du transpondeur. Notamment, le transpondeur doit rester un élément léger, peu encombrant et facile à transporter.Another object of the invention is to achieve this differentiation of data, according to their sense of traffic, without complicating the creation of the beacon and transponder. In particular, the transponder must remain a light element, compact and easy to transport.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de munir le transpondeur de moyens de mémorisation amovible, par exemple une carte à mémoire.Another object of the invention is to provide the transponder with removable storage means, for example a memory card.
A cet effet, la présente invention concerne une unité de transfert de données à distance du type comportant une balise fixe et un transpondeur mobile adaptés pour échanger des données à distance, ladite unité étant caractérisée en ce que, d'une part, le transpondeur comporte :To this end, the present invention relates to a remote data transfer unit of the type comprising a fixed beacon and a mobile transponder adapted to exchange data remotely, said unit being characterized in that, on the one hand, the transponder comprises :
- un moyen de réception et d'émission de signaux en provenance ou vers la balise fixe, - un moyen de traitement des signaux reçus ou à émettre, lesdits signaux étant représentatifs des données reçues ou émises,a means for receiving and transmitting signals from or to the fixed beacon, a means for processing the signals received or to be transmitted, said signals being representative of the data received or transmitted,
- un moyen de lecture et/ou d'écriture de ces données sur une carte à mémoire, et d'autre part la balise comporte :a means for reading and / or writing this data on a memory card, and on the other hand the tag comprises:
- un moyen de réception et d'émission de signaux en provenance ou vers le transpondeur,- means for receiving and transmitting signals from or to the transponder,
- un moyen de traitement et d'analyse des signaux reçus ou à émettre, lesdits signaux étant représentatifs des données reçues ou émises et,a means for processing and analyzing the signals received or to be transmitted, said signals being representative of the data received or transmitted and,
- des moyens de mémorisation adaptés pour stocker ces données, de telle sorte que les données émises par la balise soient portées par un signal hyperfréquence à modulation d'amplitude et que les données émises par le transpondeur soient portées par un signal hyperfréquence à modulation de phase ou d'amplitude.- memory means adapted to store this data, so that the data transmitted by the beacon is carried by an amplitude modulated microwave signal and that the data transmitted by the transponder is carried by a phase modulated microwave signal or amplitude.
Avantageusement, le signal porteur des données est un signal hyperfréquence. Un tel signal est réalisé par des circuits électroniques légers et peu encombrants. En outre, les données sont transmises par modulation de phase ou par modulation d'amplitude. De telles modulations ne nécessitent pas non plus de dispositifs complexes, onéreux ou volumineux.Advantageously, the signal carrying the data is a microwave signal. Such a signal is produced by light and space-saving electronic circuits. In addition, the data is transmitted by phase modulation or by amplitude modulation. Such modulations also do not require complex, expensive or bulky devices.
La mémorisation des données dans le transpondeur est avantageusement effectuée dans la carte à mémoire elle-même. Avantageusement, le moyen de réception et/ou d'émission (l'antenne) du transpondeur est réalisé sur un circuit imprimé de type classique, de faible coût, et présente une géométrie compacte. Cette antenne peut émettre, soit en polarisation linéaire, soit en polarisation circulaire. Dans ce second cas, l'onde est émise de part et d'autre du plan de l'antenne. La balise peut ainsi aisément recevoir les données émises par le transpondeur, quel que soit le positionnement de celui-ci par rapport à la balise. La présente invention concerne également un transpondeur muni des moyens ci-dessus indiqués présentant des moyens de connexion normalisé pour une carte à mémoire.The data storage in the transponder is advantageously carried out in the memory card itself. Advantageously, the means for receiving and / or transmitting (the antenna) of the transponder is produced on a printed circuit of the conventional type, of low cost, and has a compact geometry. This antenna can transmit, either in linear polarization, or in circular polarization. In this second case, the wave is emitted on either side of the plane of the antenna. The beacon can thus easily receive the data transmitted by the transponder, whatever the positioning of the latter relative to the beacon. The present invention also relates to a transponder provided with the means indicated above having standardized connection means for a memory card.
Un tel transpondeur peut être porté à la manière d'un badge par une personne, ou par un objet en mouvement, par exemple un véhicule automobile.Such a transponder can be worn like a badge by a person, or by a moving object, for example a motor vehicle.
De manière avantageuse, l'utilisation d'un signal hyperfréquence pour échanger des données entre une balise et un transpondeur permet un échange rapide présentant un large rayon d'action. Par exemple, une voiture munie d'un transpondeur logeant une carte bancaire et passant à un péage autoroutier peut être détectée et débitée sans que cela impose un ralentissement de son allure.Advantageously, the use of a microwave signal to exchange data between a beacon and a transponder allows rapid exchange having a wide range of action. For example, a car fitted with a transponder housing a bank card and passing at a motorway toll can be detected and debited without imposing a slowdown in its pace.
D'autres objets, avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui suit, à titre d'information, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will also emerge from the description which follows, for information, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique, en perspective, montrant une unité de transfert selon l'invention,FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a transfer unit according to the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique, en plan, de l'unité de transfert selon la figure 1,FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the transfer unit according to FIG. 1,
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique montrant partiellement la réalisation d'une antenne à fentes selon la présente invention,- Figure 3 is a schematic view partially showing the production of a slot antenna according to the present invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique en plan montrant l'antenne à fentes selon l'invention, - les figures 5a et 5b sont des vues schématiques en plan montrant des variantes de réalisation d'antennes.- Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing the slot antenna according to the invention, - Figures 5a and 5b are schematic plan views showing alternative embodiments of antennas.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 à 4, l'unité de transfert de données 10 selon l'invention comporte une balise fixe 11 et un transpondeur mobile 12. Ces deux éléments sont adaptés pour se transmettre des données entre eux, sans contact physique et plus précisément en utilisant un signal hyperfréquence.According to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 4, the data transfer unit 10 according to the invention comprises a fixed tag 11 and a mobile transponder 12. These two elements are suitable for transmitting data between them, without contact physical and more precisely by using a microwave signal.
La balise fixe 11 comporte (figure 2) un moyen de réception et d'émission de signaux 13 (une antenne), un moyen de traitement et d'analyse 14 des signaux reçus ou à émettre, et des moyens de mémorisation 15 des données reçues ou émises. Comme représenté aux figures 1 et 2, la balise fixe peut être reliée, par tout moyen approprié 16, à un ordinateur 17, comportant notamment une unité centrale de traitement des signaux reçus. Cet ordinateur peut être implanté à distance de la balise.The fixed beacon 11 comprises (FIG. 2) a means for receiving and transmitting signals 13 (an antenna), a means for processing and analysis 14 of the signals received or to be transmitted, and means for storing 15 the data received or issued. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the fixed tag can be connected, by any suitable means 16, to a computer 17, comprising in particular a central processing unit for the signals received. This computer can be installed remotely from the beacon.
Le transpondeur 12 comporte quant à lui (figure 2), un moyen 18 de réception et d'émission de signaux (une antenne), un moyen de traitement et d'analyse 19 des signaux reçus ou à émettre, un moyen 20 de lecture et/ou écriture de données associé à une carte à mémoire 21. Cette carte à mémoire 21 est insérée dans des logements 22 prévus à cet effet (figure 1) dans le transpondeur 12. Cette carte est amovible et peut être retirée ou mise en place par simple glissement selon la flèche F. Des moyens de connexion normalisés 23 (non détaillés) permettent une liaison entre la carte à mémoire et le moyen de lecture/écriture 20.The transponder 12 comprises meanwhile (FIG. 2), a means 18 for receiving and transmitting signals (an antenna), a means for processing and analysis 19 of the signals received or to be transmitted, a means 20 for reading and / or writing data associated with a memory card 21. This memory card 21 is inserted into slots 22 provided for this purpose (FIG. 1) in the transponder 12. This card is removable and can be removed or put in place by simple sliding along arrow F. Standardized connection means 23 (not detailed) allow a connection between the memory card and the read / write means 20.
L'ensemble du transpondeur 12 (carte à mémoire exceptée) est réalisé sur un circuit imprimé du type verre/epoxy. Le transpondeur présente ainsi un faible coût et un encombrement réduit.The entire transponder 12 (except memory card) is produced on a printed circuit of the glass / epoxy type. The transponder thus has a low cost and a reduced bulk.
Avantageusement, l'antenne 18 du transpondeur est réalisée par gravage d'un circuit imprimé 40 sur une première face 30 de celui-ci, et est constituée de deux fentes annulaires 25 (figure 4) orthogonales l'une à l'autre et contenant chacune une ligne centrale conductrice 26. On notera que la circonférence de ces fentes est égale à la longueur d'onde guidée. Comme le montre la figure 3, chaque fente 25 est réalisée par évidement d'une couche conductrice A. Ainsi, la périphérie de la fente 15 et la ligne centrale 26 sont conductrices (figure 3), mais pas la fente elle-même. Chaque ligne centrale 26 (figure 4) est alimentée par une ligne d'excitation 27. Ces lignes d'excitation 27 sont réalisées sur la face opposée 31 (figure 3) du substrat en verre epoxy, et sont en contact avec la ligne centrale 26 au niveau de son point milieu. A cet effet, elles traversent toute l'épaisseur du substrat verre/epoxy, au niveau du point milieu des lignes centrales 26.Advantageously, the antenna 18 of the transponder is produced by etching a printed circuit 40 on a first face 30 of the latter, and consists of two annular slots 25 (FIG. 4) orthogonal to each other and containing each a central conductive line 26. It will be noted that the circumference of these slots is equal to the guided wavelength. As shown in Figure 3, each slot 25 is made by recessing a conductive layer A. Thus, the periphery of the slot 15 and the central line 26 are conductive (Figure 3), but not the slot itself. Each central line 26 (FIG. 4) is supplied by an excitation line 27. These excitation lines 27 are produced on the opposite face 31 (FIG. 3) of the epoxy glass substrate, and are in contact with the central line 26 at its midpoint. For this purpose, they pass through the entire thickness of the glass / epoxy substrate, at the midpoint of the central lines 26.
Comme montré à la figure 4, chacune de ces lignes d'excitation 27 est reliée au moyen de traitement des signaux reçus ou à émettre 19.As shown in FIG. 4, each of these excitation lines 27 is connected to the means for processing the signals received or to be transmitted 19.
Le fonctionnement de l'unité 10 selon l'invention est décrit ci-après.The operation of the unit 10 according to the invention is described below.
L'échange des données entre le transpondeur mobile et la balise fixe se fait sans contact physique, par émission et/ou réception d'ondes hyperfréquence (c'est-à- dire dont la fréquence est supérieure à 100 MHz).The exchange of data between the mobile transponder and the fixed beacon is done without physical contact, by emission and / or reception of microwave waves (that is to say whose frequency is greater than 100 MHz).
Les antennes 13 et 18 respectivement de la balise et du transpondeur sont adaptées pour recevoir ou émettre de telles ondes. Pour que les ondes émises par la balise et celles émises par le transpondeur soient aisément différentiables, ces ondes sont codées différemment. Ainsi, 1'antenne 18 du transpondeur émet en modulation de phase et l'antenne 13 de la balise émet en modulation d'amplitude. Toute interaction entre ces deux émissions est ainsi avantageusement évitée.The antennas 13 and 18 respectively of the beacon and the transponder are adapted to receive or transmit such waves. So that the waves emitted by the beacon and those emitted by the transponder are easily differentiable, these waves are coded differently. Thus, the antenna 18 of the transponder transmits in phase modulation and the antenna 13 of the beacon transmits in amplitude modulation. Any interaction between these two emissions is thus advantageously avoided.
Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, l'antenne 13 de la balise émet en modulant l'amplitude d'une onde hyperfréquence continue émise en polarisation rectiligne par la balise. Le transpondeur reçoit et réémet cette onde hyperfréquence en modulation de phase, avec une polarisation circulaire. La balise reçoit alors l'onde réémise par le transpondeur selon une polarisation rectiligne croisée (par rapport à l'onde initiale émise par la balise). Pour simplifier, on peut assimiler ce processus au suivant :According to a preferred embodiment, the antenna 13 of the beacon transmits by modulating the amplitude of a continuous microwave wave emitted in rectilinear polarization by the beacon. The transponder receives and re-emits this microwave wave in phase modulation, with circular polarization. The beacon then receives the wave re-emitted by the transponder according to a crossed rectilinear polarization (relative to the initial wave emitted by the beacon). To simplify, we can assimilate this process to the following:
. la balise émet une onde polarisée selon X, le transpondeur réémet l'onde polarisée selon X et Y, la balise reçoit en retour une onde polarisée selon Y. Avantageusement, la modulation de la phase est réalisée par un transistor de type à effet de champ (non représenté) monté en source commune et dont la grille est modulée par la donnée à émettre, sous sa forme binaire. La modulation d'amplitude est quant à elle de type tout ou rien. Les données à transmettre dans un sens ou dans l'autre sont codées biphasé différentiel. Un tel codage assure une densité spectrale nulle au continu, d'où une insensibilité à la phase absolu du signal, tout en permettant une récupération possible du rythme binaire. L'antenne 13 selon l'invention est telle, que chacune des lignes d'excitation 27 alimentant les lignes centrales 26, est parcouru par un signal hyperfréquence (émis par le moyen de traitement 19) π présentant un déphasage de n — (n entier impair positif). the beacon emits a wave polarized along X, the transponder re-emits the wave polarized along X and Y, the beacon receives in return a wave polarized according to Y. Advantageously, the phase modulation is carried out by a field effect transistor (not shown) mounted as a common source and the grid of which is modulated by the data to be transmitted, in its binary form. Amplitude modulation is all or nothing. The data to be transmitted in one direction or the other is coded two-phase differential. Such coding ensures zero continuous spectral density, hence insensitivity to the absolute phase of the signal, while allowing possible recovery of the binary rhythm. The antenna 13 according to the invention is such that each of the excitation lines 27 supplying the central lines 26 is traversed by a microwave signal (emitted by the processing means 19) π having a phase shift of n - (n integer odd positive)
4 et de même amplitude. La longueur de chacune des fentes correspond au quart de la longueur d'onde guidée.4 and of the same amplitude. The length of each of the slits corresponds to a quarter of the guided wavelength.
Le rayonnement conjoint des deux fentes orthogonales 25 dont la polarisation est rectiligne, excitées par un tel signal, crée une antenne à polarisation circulaire. Une telle antenne rayonne de part et d'autre de son plan. De ce fait, quelle que soit la position du transpondeur portant une telle antenne, son signal est capté par la balise.The joint radiation of the two slots orthogonal 25 whose polarization is rectilinear, excited by such a signal, creates an antenna with circular polarization. Such an antenna radiates on both sides of its plane. Therefore, whatever the position of the transponder carrying such an antenna, its signal is picked up by the beacon.
Les données transmises dans chacun des sens entre la balise et le transpondeur sont formatées selon des trames structurées (dites HDLC) contenant dans l'ordre : - un préambule permettant de connaître la fréquence et la phase de l'horloge émettrice,The data transmitted in each direction between the beacon and the transponder are formatted according to structured frames (called HDLC) containing in order: - a preamble allowing to know the frequency and the phase of the transmitting clock,
- un premier fanion,- a first flag,
- un champ de données- a data field
- un champ de contrôle et - un second fanion.- a control field and - a second flag.
On notera que le transpondeur présente en outre une fonction réveil connu en soi. Ainsi, le transpondeur n'émet un signal que lorsqu'il a été mis en éveil par le signal d'interrogation d'une balise fixe. Cette mise en éveil est avantageusement réalisée par la modulation de phase de l'onde émise par la balise.Note that the transponder also has an alarm function known per se. Thus, the transponder emits a signal only when it has been awakened by the interrogation signal from a fixed beacon. This awakening is advantageously carried out by the phase modulation of the wave emitted by the beacon.
L'unité de transfert de données, telle que précédemment décrite, permet lorsque l'on place dans le transpondeur une carte à mémoire du type carte bancaire, non seulement de détecter le passage du transpondeur devant la balise fixe, mais également de venir débiter la carte bancaire en conséquence.The data transfer unit, as previously described, makes it possible, when placing a memory card of the bank card type in the transponder, not only to detect the passage of the transponder in front of the fixed tag, but also to debit the bank card accordingly.
L'échange de données bidirectionnel entre la balise et le transpondeur permet en effet à la balise de connaître le numéro de compte bancaire inscrit sur la carte bancaire, ce qui lui permet ensuite de débiter (via un réseau d'ordinateurs 17 liés à la banque) le compte en question. La balise peut également mémoriser des données directement sur la carte à mémoire, pour traitement ultérieur, lors de l'utilisation de la carte.The bidirectional data exchange between the beacon and the transponder allows the beacon to know the bank account number written on the bank card, which then allows it to debit (via a network of computers 17 linked to the bank ) the account in question. The tag can also store data directly on the memory card, for further processing, when using the card.
On notera qu'une telle unité présente de nombreux avantages, à savoir :It should be noted that such a unit has many advantages, namely:
- un faible coût de réalisation des circuits électroniques mais aussi de l'antenne qui présente de bonnes performances, bien qu'elle soit réalisée sur un substrat bon marché du type verre/époxy,- a low cost of realization of electronic circuits but also the antenna which has good performance, although it is produced on an inexpensive substrate of the glass / epoxy type,
- une sécurité de l'échange de données entre la balise et le transpondeur (les données circulant dans chacun des sens ne peuvent interférer entre elles),- security in the exchange of data between the beacon and the transponder (the data flowing in each direction cannot interfere with each other),
- une rapidité de l'échange de données,- speed of data exchange,
- un large rayon d'action et- a wide range of action and
- un faible encombrement. On notera encore que 1'antenne du transpondeur présente une géométrie très compacte (2 fentes orthogonales entre elles) et ne nécessite pas de réglage ou de tri en production. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, cette antenne est adaptée pour émettre en polarisation circulaire dans les deux directions normales à son plan. Une telle antenne présente les caractéristiques suivantes :- a small footprint. It will also be noted that the antenna of the transponder has a very compact geometry (2 orthogonal slots between them) and does not require adjustment or sorting in production. According to a preferred embodiment, this antenna is adapted to transmit in circular polarization in the two directions normal to its plane. Such an antenna has the following characteristics:
- une large bande passante,- a large bandwidth,
- un rayonnement bidirectionnel et- bidirectional radiation and
- un gain de l'ordre de 3 à 6 dBi (dB par rapport à une antenne isotrope).- a gain of the order of 3 to 6 dBi (dB compared to an isotropic antenna).
On notera en variante que la balise et le transpondeur émettent tous deux en modulation d'amplitude.As a variant, it will be noted that the beacon and the transponder both transmit in amplitude modulation.
De même, en variante, le transpondeur émet en polarisation linéaire et non circulaire. Dans ce cas, l'antenne 18 émet ou reçoit dans une seule des directions normales à son plan. Ceci permet de simplifier l'unité de transfert et de réduire les coûts, ce qui est intéressant même si cela oblige à présenter le transpondeur d'une manière spécifique vers la balise pour que la communication s'établisse entre le transpondeur et la balise.Likewise, as a variant, the transponder transmits in linear and non-circular polarization. In this case, the antenna 18 transmits or receives in only one of the directions normal to its plane. This simplifies the transfer unit and reduces costs, which is interesting even if it requires presenting the transponder in a specific way to the beacon so that communication is established between the transponder and the beacon.
En variante encore, on notera que l'antenne peut également être réalisée comme le montre la figure 5a. Dans ce cas, la fente 25 ne présente pas de ligne centrale. La ligne d'excitation 27 reste sur la face inférieure 31 (sur le dessin) du circuit imprimé et est adaptée pour croiser la fente et se prolonger au-delà. Ce croisement peut se faire en un point milieu ou non. Dans le cas où le point de croisement est non milieu, on forme une antenne d'impédance caractéristique variable. On crée alors un stub ouvert qui va induire une compensation selfique.In another variant, it will be noted that the antenna can also be produced as shown in FIG. 5a. In this case, the slot 25 has no center line. The excitation line 27 remains on the underside 31 (in the drawing) of the printed circuit and is adapted to cross the slot and extend beyond it. This crossing can be done at a midpoint or not. In the case where the crossing point is not mid, we form an antenna variable characteristic impedance. We then create an open stub which will induce a selfic compensation.
De même, il est également possible de réaliser une fente 25, de forme annulaire elliptique dont la ligne centrale 26 est également elliptique. La ligne d'excitation 27, comme dans le cas des figures 3 et 4, court-circuite cette partie centrale 26. La fente 25, dans ce cas, est de largeur très faible par rapport à la longueur d'onde et de circonférence égale à la longueur d'onde guidée.Likewise, it is also possible to produce a slot 25, of elliptical annular shape whose central line 26 is also elliptical. The excitation line 27, as in the case of FIGS. 3 and 4, short-circuits this central part 26. The slot 25, in this case, is of very small width compared to the wavelength and of equal circumference at the guided wavelength.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et englobe toute variante à la portée de l'homme de l'art. Notamment, l'antenne de la balise fixe peut être du même type (ou non) que l'antenne du transpondeur. De même, le transpondeur et sa carte à mémoire peuvent être intégrés dans un étui, ne s'opposant pas à la propagation des ondes. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and covers any variant within the reach of ordinary skill in the art. In particular, the antenna of the fixed beacon can be of the same type (or not) as the antenna of the transponder. Similarly, the transponder and its memory card can be integrated in a case, not opposing the propagation of waves.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 / - Unité de transfert de données à distance du type comportant une balise fixe (11) et un transpondeur mobile (12) adaptés pour échanger des données à distance, ladite unité (10) étant caractérisée en ce que, d'une part, le transpondeur (12) comporte :1 / - Remote data transfer unit of the type comprising a fixed beacon (11) and a mobile transponder (12) adapted to exchange data remotely, said unit (10) being characterized in that, on the one hand, the transponder (12) comprises:
- un moyen (18) de réception et d'émission de signaux en provenance ou vers la balise fixe,- means (18) for receiving and transmitting signals from or to the fixed beacon,
- un moyen (19) de traitement des signaux reçus ou à émettre, lesdits signaux étant représentatifs des données reçues ou émises,a means (19) for processing the signals received or to be transmitted, said signals being representative of the data received or transmitted,
- un moyen (20) de lecture et/ou d'écriture de ces données sur une carte à mémoire (21), et d'autre part la balise (11) comporte : - un moyen (13) de réception et d'émission de signaux en provenance ou vers le transpondeur,- a means (20) for reading and / or writing this data on a memory card (21), and on the other hand the tag (11) comprises: - a means (13) for reception and transmission signals from or to the transponder,
- un moyen (14) de traitement et d'analyse des signaux reçus ou à émettre, lesdits signaux étant représentatifs des données reçues ou émises et, - des moyens (15) de mémorisation adaptés pour stocker ces données, de telle sorte que les données émises par la balise (11) soient portées par un signal hyperfréquence à modulation d'amplitude et que les données émises par le transpondeur (12) soient portées par un signal hyperfréquence à modulation de phase ou d'amplitude.- a means (14) for processing and analyzing the signals received or to be transmitted, said signals being representative of the data received or transmitted and, - means (15) of memorization adapted to store this data, so that the data transmitted by the beacon (11) are carried by an amplitude modulated microwave signal and that the data transmitted by the transponder (12) are carried by a phase or amplitude modulated microwave signal.
2/ - Unité selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen (18) de réception et d'émission du transpondeur est une antenne réalisée sur un circuit imprimé (40) émettant en polarisation linéaire.2 / - Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (18) for receiving and transmitting the transponder is an antenna produced on a printed circuit (40) transmitting in linear polarization.
3/ - Unité selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne (18) émet ou reçoit dans une seule des directions normales à son plan.3 / - Unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the antenna (18) transmits or receives in only one of the directions normal to its plane.
4/ - Unité de transfert de données à distance selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen (18) de réception et d'émission du transpondeur est une antenne réalisée sur un circuit imprimé (40) émettant en polarisation circulaire adaptée pour émettre selon chacune des faces (30, 31) du circuit imprimé (40).4 / - Remote data transfer unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (18) for receiving and transmitting the transponder is an antenna produced on a printed circuit (40) transmitting in circular polarization suitable for transmitting according to each of the faces (30, 31) of the printed circuit (40).
5/ - Unité selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne (18) du transpondeur est constituée de deux fentes (25) orthogonales l'une à l'autre, chacune de ces fentes présentant en son milieu une ligne centrale (26) excitée par un signal hyperfréquence, les signaux hyperfréquence présentant une même amplitude n et un déphasage de n — (n entier impair positif) 45 / - Unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the antenna (18) of the transponder consists of two slots (25) orthogonal to one another, each of these slots having in its middle a central line ( 26) excited by a microwave signal, the microwave signals having the same amplitude n and a phase shift of n - (n odd positive integer) 4
1'un par rapport à 1'autre.One in relation to the other.
6/ - Unité selon les revendications 4 à 5, caractérisée en ce que chaque fente (25) est de longueur correspondante au quart de la longueur d'onde guidée. 7/ - Unité selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne (18) est constituée par un circuit diélectrique conducteur sur ses deux faces, tel que les deux fentes (25) soient réalisées sur une première face (30) et les deux lignes d'excitation (27) soient réalisées sur l'autre face (31) et sont court- circuitées à leurs extrémités sur la première face au droit du milieu des fentes (25).6 / - Unit according to claims 4 to 5, characterized in that each slot (25) is of length corresponding to a quarter of the guided wavelength. 7 / - Unit according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the antenna (18) is constituted by a conductive dielectric circuit on its two faces, such that the two slots (25) are formed on a first face (30) and the two excitation lines (27) are made on the other face (31) and are short-circuited at their ends on the first face in line with the middle of the slots (25).
8/ - Unité selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les lignes d'excitation (27) se prolongent au-delà du droit des fentes (25) et forme ainsi un stub ouvert.8 / - Unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the excitation lines (27) extend beyond the right of the slots (25) and thus form an open stub.
9/ - Unité selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne (18) du transpondeur est constituée de deux fentes (25) orthogonales l'une à l'autre, chacune de ces fentes étant excitée par une ligne centrale (26) parcourue par un signal hyperfréquence, les lignes d'excitation (27) et les fentes (25) se croisant en un point non milieu, pour former une antenne d'impédance caractéristique variable. 10/ - Unité selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le moyen (18) de réception et d'émission du transpondeur est une antenne réalisée sur un circuit imprimé (40) présentant deux faces conductrices, une première face (30) présentant une fente annulaire (25), de circonférence égale à la longueur d'onde guidée, et une seconde face présentant deux lignes d'excitation (27) court-circuitées avec la partie conductrice présente à l'intérieur de la fente (25) annulaire de la première face. 11/ - Unité selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la fente annulaire (25) est de forme rectangulaire.9 / - Unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the antenna (18) of the transponder consists of two slots (25) orthogonal to each other, each of these slots being excited by a central line (26 ) traversed by a microwave signal, the excitation lines (27) and the slots (25) crossing at a non-midpoint, to form an antenna of variable characteristic impedance. 10 / - Unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (18) for receiving and transmitting the transponder is an antenna formed on a printed circuit (40) having two conductive faces, a first face (30) having a annular slot (25), of circumference equal to the guided wavelength, and a second face having two excitation lines (27) short-circuited with the conductive part present inside the annular slot (25) of the first face. 11 / - Unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the annular slot (25) is rectangular.
12/ - Transpondeur adapté pour être mis en oeuvre dans une unité de transfert (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en outre, des moyens de logement (22) et des moyens de connexion (23) pour une carte à mémoire (21). 12 / - Transponder adapted to be used in a transfer unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises housing means (22) and connection means ( 23) for a memory card (21).
PCT/FR1994/000156 1993-02-12 1994-02-10 Remote data transfer unit and corresponding transponder WO1994018580A1 (en)

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FR93/01702 1993-02-12
FR9301702A FR2701614B1 (en) 1993-02-12 1993-02-12 Remote data transfer unit and corresponding transponder.

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FR2701614A1 (en) 1994-08-19
EP0683899A1 (en) 1995-11-29

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