WO1994001883A1 - Procede de selection de particules par discrimination - Google Patents

Procede de selection de particules par discrimination Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994001883A1
WO1994001883A1 PCT/US1992/005438 US9205438W WO9401883A1 WO 1994001883 A1 WO1994001883 A1 WO 1994001883A1 US 9205438 W US9205438 W US 9205438W WO 9401883 A1 WO9401883 A1 WO 9401883A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molecules
ionized
electric field
electric potential
traveling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/005438
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English (en)
Inventor
Orchard Freeman Post
Original Assignee
United States Department Of Energy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Department Of Energy filed Critical United States Department Of Energy
Priority to PCT/US1992/005438 priority Critical patent/WO1994001883A1/fr
Publication of WO1994001883A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994001883A1/fr

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/34Dynamic spectrometers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for separating ions of chosen charge-to-mas ⁇ ratios from other ions with a different charge-to-mass ratio.
  • the precision obtained by the invention allows the invention to be used for isotope separation.
  • the invention may be used to provide an ion source.
  • the subject invention is tunable to a wide spectrum of atomic species that are of commercial interest There exist many areas in modern technology where the the separation of specific isotopes of certain atomic species is useful but where the cost of present separation technology is prohibitively high. An example is the separation of mercury isotopes.
  • Another method of separating isotopes is gaseous diffusion.
  • Gaseous diffusion separation provides only a small change in concentration of the isotopes which are to be separated. For this reason, some gaseous diffusion facilities require several thousand individual stages cascaded together. Since so many stages are required, for many years approximately 10% of the total electric power output of the United States was required to operate three gaseous diffusion plants.
  • Another method of separating isotopes is chemical exchange. This process is based on the fact that if an equilibrium is established between two media, for example a substance in liquid phase and a substance in gaseous phase, the ratio between isotopes is different in one media than in another.
  • One drawback of chemical exchange is that an isotope process using chemical exchange would be specific for a particular element.
  • a chemical exchange process, in gejeral, is not be useful for separating a variety of isotopes of a variety of elements.
  • the operation of the invention can be understood in terms of an analogy, the interaction of a lighter particle with the potential field of a moving much heavier particle. This circumstance is one of the classic problems in physics.
  • a familiar example is the "slingshot" maneuver of a satellite directed to make a close encounter with the moon or another planet. In such an encounter the lighter particle (the satellite) gains (or loses) energy by interacting with the potential field of the heavier particle (the moon or a planet) .
  • This process is most easily understood by conceptually going to the frame of reference of the potential field of the moving heavier particle. In this frame of reference the lighter particle approaches the potential field of the heavier particle, is turned around, and moves away with the same speed as it had before.
  • v is the velocity of the lighter particle after reflection
  • v is the velocity of the moving potential field, which moves with the heavier particle which generates the potential field, thus the heavier particle is also moving ' with a velocity vo
  • v1. is the incident velocity of the lighter particle (all being referred to the "laboratory" frame of reference, which is the frame at rest). For example, if the lighter particle is initially at rest in the lab frame, it will be flung away following its encounter with the moving potential field of the moving heavier particle at exactly twice the velocity of that field. If the lighter particle is in motion parallel to the heavier particle at the time of its encounter with the potential field of the heavier particle, as indicated by equation (1), its velocity after the encounter will be 2vo less its initial velocity.
  • the present invention has as one of its objectives to enhance the applicability of isotope separation to a wide spectrum of atomic species, while at the same time reducing the capital and operating cost of the separator.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which is tunable to separate isotopes of a variety of elements.
  • Another object of the invention is to improve the electrical efficiency of the process of isotope separation, as a means of reducing its cost.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an isotope separation device which utilizes "modular" separators, so as better to accommodate to the design and fabrication of separator plants of a variety of sizes and overall capital costs
  • Another object of the invention is to provide ion sources within which the separation principle operates to select and extract a particular ion species, for example negatively charged ions, from a background containing electrons or other types of ions that are not of interest for the application at hand. Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
  • the invention provides a method and apparatus for changing the percentage of a first plurality of molecules having a mass ⁇ _ M. in a gas which has an initial percentage of a first plurality of molecules and an initial percentage of a second plurality of molecules of molecules having a mass ⁇ M ? where M_ > M .
  • molecules in the specification and claims also includes atoms. The invention ionizes molecules of the first plurality and the second plurality to the same charge.
  • the invention induces among the ionized molecules at least one traveling electric potential hill wherein the amplitude and the velocity of the traveling electric potential hill is adjusted to be sufficient to provide a net positive or negative acceleration to some of the molecules of the first plurality while being insufficient provide a net positive or negative acceleration to some of the molecules of the second plurality so that the number of the first plurality of molecules which have a net acceleration divided by the total number of molecules of the gas which have a net acceleration make a percentage that is greater than the initial percentage of the first plurality of molecules.
  • accelerating means to provide a net change in velocity which may be positive or negative, unless clearly expressed otherwise.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of the voltage versus distance of a quasi static electric potential hill at time
  • Figure 2 is a graph of the voltage versus distance of a quasi static electric potential hill at time
  • V Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention, which uses a plasma source.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention, which uses an ion source and accelerator.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention using a mirrortron.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention using conducting rods.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an electric potential hill 9 with a voltage potential amplitude of ⁇ I> at an instant of time t, .
  • the inventive device is used to establish an electric field which causes the electric potential hill 9.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the electric potential hill 10 imposed by the inventive device at time t_.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate how two quasi-static electric potential hills 9 and 10 can be made to simulate a traveling electric potential hill with a velocity v such that:
  • the inventive apparatus continues to induce a series of localized electrical potentials which simulate a traveling electrical potential hill traveling at a velocity with a magnitude v .
  • an ion with a charge Ze and a mass M is located with an incident velocity v 1. of approximately zero.
  • the traveling electrical potential hill reaches the ion, it will interact with the ion according to equation 1 with the traveling electrical potential hill acting as the potential field of a moving heavier particle and the ion acting as the lighter particle.
  • Z/M>k will be accelerated to a velocity twice the velocity of the traveling electric potential hill while ions with a charge to mass ratio Z/M ⁇ k will not be accelerated. Therefore when an traveling potential hill is applied, an ion or charged particle beam is created of ions or charged particles with a charge to mass ratio greater than k.
  • Z/M charge to mass ratio
  • ⁇ -x it is possible to create specialized ion beams or to separate isotopes of ions, since different isotopes of an ion could have the same charge, but would have different masses.
  • this fact can be used to improve the efficiency of separation process by collecting the selected ions at end of the system in a collector cup at a potential, ⁇ , that is chosen so that the quantity Ze ⁇ is nearly equal to the kinetic energy of the selected ions.
  • This technique can also be used to discriminate against the collection of any ions of higher charge state (but of closely similar or equal mass) than that of the desired particles. Ions " of higher charge and closely similar masses will not have sufficient energy to penetrate the end-stopping potential. Even if their kinetic energy is close to, or equal to, that of the desired particles, their charge is too high, so that they cannot reach the collector.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention, showing a cross-sectional view from the side of a single module of the invention.
  • an array of short hollow cylindrical electrodes 12 with a central axis A-A are supported on insulated electrical feed-throughs 13.
  • a hollow cylindrical electrode 14 and a collector cup 15 which together comprise the collector assembly.
  • each coil 12 through the feed-through connections 13 Connected to each coil 12 through the feed-through connections 13 is an electrical cable 19 coming from an electronic pulser chassis 17 that generates a repetitive sequence of pulses, which when applied to the electrodes 12 produces a traveling potential hill within the cylindrical volume formed by the interior of the aligned short cylindrical electrodes 12.
  • power supply 18 Connected to electrode 14, collector cup 15, and plasma source 16 is power supply 18, which provides the various required operating voltages to those electrodes and to * the plasma source 16.
  • plasma source 16 generates a plasma of ions with preferably very little velocity thus having a low kinetic temperature.
  • the ions are ions of Mercury Hg + .
  • the approximate percentages of natural abundance for mercury are 198Hg at 10%, 199Hg at 17%, 200 Hg at 23%, 201 Hg at 13%, 202 Hg at 30%, and 204Hg at 7%.
  • the electronic pulse chassis 17 sequentially pulses the cylindrical electrodes 12 to create a moving electronic potential hill with a velocity of magnitude v with a direction along a first direction parallel to axis A-A.
  • the steady state cylinder electrode 14 is positively charged to create a potential that will turn back any ion with a mass less than 210 amu and traveling at a velocity with a magnitude ⁇ v or having a charge equal to or greater than +2 and traveling at a velocity with a magnitude of approximately 2v or less. Since the only singly charged ions that are accelerated to a
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the invention, showing a cross-sectional view from the side of a single module of the invention.
  • a vacuum chamber 21 contains an array of short hollow cylindrical electrodes 22 supported on insulated electrical feed-throughs 23. At a first end of the array is located a hollow cylindrical electrode 24 and a collector cup 25 which together comprise the collector assembly. At a second end of the array is located an ion source and accelerator 26.
  • the ion source and accelerator 26 contains the means to provide ions of an atomic species and accelerate the ions into the vacuum chamber 21.
  • each short hollow cylindrical electrode 22 through the feed-through connections 23 is an electrical cable 20 coming from an electronic pulser chassis 27 that generates a repetitive sequence of pulses which, when applied to the electrodes 22, produces a traveling potential hill within the cylindrical volume formed by the interior of the short electrodes 22.
  • an electrical cable 20 coming from an electronic pulser chassis 27 that generates a repetitive sequence of pulses which, when applied to the electrodes 22, produces a traveling potential hill within the cylindrical volume formed by the interior of the short electrodes 22.
  • power supply 28 Connected to electrode 24, collector cup 25, and ion source 26 is power supply 28, which provides the various required operating voltages to those electrodes 24,25 and to the ion source and accelerator 26.
  • a vacuum system 29 is provided to maintain a vacuum in the vacuum chamber 21.
  • the ion source and accelerator 26 provides ions to the apparatus by accelerating the ions with an accelerating potential V.
  • the the magnitude of the average initial velocity for each isotope v. can be calculated by the kinetic energy equation:
  • Mn is the mass of isotope n.
  • the direction of the average initial velocities is along a first direction parallel to the axis B-B.
  • the resolution of ⁇ F had to be five parts in a thousand
  • the resolution of ⁇ needs to be approximately five parts in a hundred. This difference in resolution provides a greater tolerance. This tolerance is important because an increase in thermal energy requires a greater tolerance. Thermal movement will diminish resolution, making the second embodiment more desirable in some instances.
  • the traveling electric potential hill overtakes the particle.
  • the hill overtaking mode two distinct modes of separation may be employed in the same type of apparatus. These are: (1) the “hill overtaking” (H-O) mode, in which the magnitudes of the velocities of the pre-accelerated ions is less than that of the hill, and (2) the “particle overtaking” (P-O) mode in which the opposite is true. The differences between these two modes of operation appear in the details of the mass resolution and the energy efficiency. Both modes may, however, have the potential for better mass-resolving power and higher efficiency than the case of no pre-acceleration as in the first embodiment.
  • This traveling magnetic field is to cause a relative displacement of the plasma electrons relative to the ions, thus creating a local region of positive potential moving through the plasma.
  • This moving potential could then either be used to "strip" the plasma of selected ions in situ, or ion beams could be injected into the end of the plasma to be selectively sorted by the moving space-charge field.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of one embodiment of the invention, which utilizes a Mirrortron.
  • magnetic mirrors 40 which are magnetic coils in a ring, are used to create dc mirror cells in a magnetic mirror type magnetic field, which will be used to hold a hot electron plasma. Since this requires that the magnetic field created by the magnetic mirrors 40 be a continuous magnetic field the magnetic mirrors 40 are powered by a continuous power source 50.
  • These magnetic mirrors 40 may have a mirror ratio on the order of two.
  • a mirror ratio is defined as the ratio between the strongest point of the magnetic field along the magnetic mirror axis C-C and the weakest point of the magnetic field between the magnetic mirrors 40 and along the axis C-C.
  • Microwave source 42 is positioned to create and heat a plasma of high energy electrons and lower energy ions held in the magnetic field. Since the microwave source 42 continuously provides energy to the plasma, the microwave source 42 is powered by a continuous power source 52. Additional heating could be accomplished by slow adiabatic magnetic compression of a pre-heated plasma using the magnetic mirrors 40 (or additional coils) in addition to or in place of the microwave source 42. Power source 44 adds a slowly increasing voltage to the dc component provided by power source 50 of the magnetic mirrors 40. The slowly increasing voltage slowly increases the magnetic field of the magnetic mirrors and the magnetic field between them, causing adiabatic compression.
  • the plasma electrons would be heated to high temperatures and would typically be allowed to approach a collisional state such that its electron distribution function would attain a quasi-static loss-cone shape.
  • the plasma density and electron temperature would be such as to cause only a minor perturbation of the confining fields.
  • the mirrortron also includes local coils 48, where each local coil is a magnetic coil in a ring shape.
  • the local coils 48 are positioned between the magnetic mirrors 40 so that plasma confined by the magnetic mirrors 40 will pass through the center of the ring shaped local coils 48.
  • An ion or particle beam source and accelerator 46 located along the axis C-C, introduces a beam of ions or charged particles on a path along the axis C-C of the magnetic mirror at an average initial velocities v. .
  • Each local coil 48 is sequentially and rapidly pulsed up in current.
  • the local coils 48 produce a local mirror, the height of which is comparable to, or larger than, that of the magnetic mirrors 40.
  • hot electrons begin to be expelled from the region by the increasing field.
  • the plasma ions would be essentially motionless, because of their heavy mass and low kinetic temperature.
  • the plasma quasineutrality constraint would step in; i.e., a positive potential would arise within the plasma of just such a magnitude as to preserve near equality between the electron and plasma ion density.
  • the resulting positive space charge which creates the positive potential, thereby accelerates the positively charged ions or charged particles in the injected beam.
  • the local coils 48 are pulsed sequentially to create a traveling electric potential hill with a velocity vo.
  • the local coils 48 are pulsed in order at a set speed, and the power source or switch 56 for the ion or particle beam source 46 is governed by a timer 54 which also controls the power sources or switches 58 for the local coils 48.
  • An electrode 60 is charged and used to turn back ions that lack a threshold kinetic energy.
  • Timer or switch 62 controls timer 54 and power supplies 44, 50 and 52 to allow a cyclicly generated adiabatically compressed plasma.
  • a vacuum chamber 64 surrounds the magnetic mirrors 40 and local coils 48, and a vacuum system 66 maintains the vacuum in the chamber 64 and removes the remaining ions as they leak through the magnetic bottle created by the magnetic mirrors 40.
  • this embodiment will be described as it is used in a particle overtaking mode.
  • ion source and accelerator 46 provides ions to the apparatus accelerated to an average initial velocities with components along axis C-C of v. .
  • the ions are also ions of Mercury Hg .
  • M 203 atomic mass units
  • Z l
  • e -l.602x10 -19
  • This embodiment is designed with a port 63 to pass these ions to another system.
  • the invention is not critically dependent on the particular method used to generate a traveling potential hill. Some of the more important parameters are: (1) that the hill should be limited in range (i.e. it should fall off with distance from its peak to a small fraction of its peak value in a distance short compared to the length of the separator column), and, (2) that the amplitude and velocity of the electric potential hill should be sufficiently constant to not compromise the degree of mass resolution that is desired.
  • a potential hill is defined as having a magnitude which falls off with distance from its peak to a small fraction of its peak value (or amplitude) in a distance which is short compared to the length of the separator column.
  • the system need only enough resolution to increase the concentration of 198Hg from 10% to 20% and possibly slightly increasing the concentration of 199Hg from 17% to 20%. This would result in a diminished concentration of 204Hg to less than 30%.
  • concentrations of mercury 30% of the photons generated in a mercury lamp can be self absorbed by 30% of the mercury gas, since 204Hg makes up 30% of the mercury gas in naturally occurring concentrations. By lowering concentrations of the highest concentration of isotopes, self absorption is lowered allowing for a more energy efficient light bulb.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 is set to wave overtaking mode to increase the concentration of 198Hg to 18% and diminishing concentrations of 204Hg and 202Hg to 18%.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the invention, showing a cross-sectional view from the side of a single module of the invention.
  • a vacuum chamber 72 contains an array of conducting rods 74a-j,
  • ion source and accelerator 84 contains the means to provide ions of an atomic species and accelerate the ions into the vacuum chamber 72.
  • an electrical cable 86 coming from an electronic pulser chassis 88 that generates a repetitive sequence of pulses which, when applied to the electrodes 74, 76 produces a traveling potential hill within the space formed between the electrodes 74,76.
  • the traveling hill is formed by first charging a first set of electrodes 74a and 76a to a set positive charge. After the first set of electrodes 74a, 76a begin to charge, a second set of electrodes 74b, 76b begins to charge. After the first set of electrodes 74a, 76a reaches a maximum charge the first set of electrodes 74a, 76a begins to discharge. During this time a third set of electrodes 74c, 76c begins to charge. The sum of the charges of the electrodes form a traveling electric potential hill as shown in Figure 1 but with an amplitude ⁇ .
  • a power supply 90 Connected to the parallel plate electrodes 80, the collector cup 82, and the ion source 84 is a power supply 90, which provides the various required operating voltages to those electrodes and to the ion source.
  • a vacuum system 92 is provided to maintain a vacuum in the vacuum chamber.
  • ion source and accelerator 84 provides ions to the apparatus by accelerating the ions with an accelerating potential V and injecting them into the vacuum chamber with an average initial kinetic energy
  • W. ZeV, producing a thin plasma sheet between electrodes 74 and 76.
  • the two isotope to be separated are Neon 22 ( Ne) and Neon 20 ( Ne) .
  • V 600 eV
  • the amplitude of the traveling potential hill is set to accelerate both isotopes.
  • the direction of the average initial velocities is along a first direction from the ion source and accelerator 72 and substantially parallel to axis D-D. In this example the magnitude of the velocity
  • W 1.03605 keV.
  • W 1.13966 keV.
  • W fn 4W o (l-(l/2)(v in /v o )) 2 , for
  • pairs of conducting rods are used as electrodes 74, 76 instead of the hollow cylindrical electrodes.
  • the rods have a length into and out of the page of Figure 6. Such rods provide an even potential through the thickness of a thin plasma sheet which may have any desired length in the direction of the length of the rod.
  • ion source and accelerator 84 provides singly ionized krypton isotopes accelerated to 10
  • W 16.992 82 keV.
  • W 16.992 keV.
  • W 16.992 keV.
  • the minimum amplitude of the potential hill for accelerating singly charged ions Krypton isotopes of atomic mass 80 or greater is ⁇ r80 ⁇ X 0.91971 kV.
  • the amplitude of the traveling potential hill is set as Kr and fl0Kr isotopes are accelerated by the traveling potential hill to a kinetic energy W- specified above.
  • TM T.he remai•ni•ng i•sot ⁇ opes 82 ⁇ K,r, 83 ⁇ K,r, 8 ⁇ K.r, and, 86.K.r are not accelerated by the traveling potential hill and maintain their initial kinetic energy of 10 keV.
  • the parallel plate electrodes 80 are charged with a potential of +15 keV. Since isotopes with a mass equal to or greater than Kr are unaccelerated by the traveling potential hill, they have a kinetic energy of 10 keV and therefore are turned back by the +15 keV potential created by the parallel plate

Abstract

Procédé et système permettant de séparer des ions et de produire un faisceau d'ions selon lesquels en génère des ions dont les isotopes doivent être séparés puis on utilise un seuil de potentiel électrique progressif créée par une série séquentielle de seuils (9, 10) de potentiel électrique quasi statique. En régulant la vitesse et l'amplitude de potentiel du seuil de potentiel électrique progressif on accélère sélectivement positivement ou négativement les isotopes ionisés. Etant donné que les isotopes ionisés ont des vitesses finales différentes, on peut recueillir séparement les isotopes ou bien les utiliser pour produire un faisceau ionique d'un isotope sélectionné.
PCT/US1992/005438 1992-07-01 1992-07-01 Procede de selection de particules par discrimination WO1994001883A1 (fr)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1367632A2 (fr) * 2002-05-30 2003-12-03 Micromass Limited Spectromètre de masse
GB2392548A (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-03-03 Micromass Ltd An ion guide having a voltage wave supplied along its length
GB2382920B (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-05-05 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
GB2396958A (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-07-07 Micromass Ltd Mass-to-charge ratio separation of ions using transient DC voltage waveforms
US6791078B2 (en) 2002-06-27 2004-09-14 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6794641B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2004-09-21 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6800846B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2004-10-05 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6838662B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2005-01-04 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
GB2403591A (en) * 2002-11-08 2005-01-05 Micromass Ltd Separating ions within a mass filter according to their mass-to-charge ratio
US6884995B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2005-04-26 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US7071467B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2006-07-04 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US7095013B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2006-08-22 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
DE10328599B4 (de) * 2002-06-27 2008-04-17 Micromass Uk Ltd. Verfahren zur Trennung von Ionen aufgrund ihrer Beweglichkeit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU368674A1 (ru) * 1969-04-12 1973-01-26 Авторы изсбретен , витель Селектор ионов
US5140158A (en) * 1990-10-05 1992-08-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for discriminative particle selection

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU368674A1 (ru) * 1969-04-12 1973-01-26 Авторы изсбретен , витель Селектор ионов
US5140158A (en) * 1990-10-05 1992-08-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for discriminative particle selection

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2392548B (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-09-08 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
US6812453B2 (en) 2001-06-25 2004-11-02 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
GB2392548A (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-03-03 Micromass Ltd An ion guide having a voltage wave supplied along its length
GB2382920B (en) * 2001-06-25 2004-05-05 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
US6800846B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2004-10-05 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6794641B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2004-09-21 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
EP1367632A3 (fr) * 2002-05-30 2004-09-29 Micromass UK Limited Spectromètre de masse
EP1367632A2 (fr) * 2002-05-30 2003-12-03 Micromass Limited Spectromètre de masse
GB2391698A (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-02-11 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
GB2391698B (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-07-21 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
US7095013B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2006-08-22 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
DE10328599B4 (de) * 2002-06-27 2008-04-17 Micromass Uk Ltd. Verfahren zur Trennung von Ionen aufgrund ihrer Beweglichkeit
US6791078B2 (en) 2002-06-27 2004-09-14 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6914241B2 (en) 2002-06-27 2005-07-05 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6884995B2 (en) 2002-07-03 2005-04-26 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US7071467B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2006-07-04 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US7205538B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2007-04-17 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
US6838662B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2005-01-04 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
GB2403591B (en) * 2002-11-08 2005-09-14 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
GB2403591A (en) * 2002-11-08 2005-01-05 Micromass Ltd Separating ions within a mass filter according to their mass-to-charge ratio
GB2396958B (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-11-24 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
GB2396958A (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-07-07 Micromass Ltd Mass-to-charge ratio separation of ions using transient DC voltage waveforms

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