WO1993002849A1 - Method for induction heating of composite materials - Google Patents
Method for induction heating of composite materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993002849A1 WO1993002849A1 PCT/US1992/006112 US9206112W WO9302849A1 WO 1993002849 A1 WO1993002849 A1 WO 1993002849A1 US 9206112 W US9206112 W US 9206112W WO 9302849 A1 WO9302849 A1 WO 9302849A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating material
- preferential heating
- magnetic field
- magnetic
- resin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 40
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title description 13
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- JWRLKLYWXKMAFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)-3-phenylphenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC(C=C1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JWRLKLYWXKMAFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/106—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor in the form of fillings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0811—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using induction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
- Y10T428/257—Iron oxide or aluminum oxide
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for heating a fiber reinforced resin material by magnetic induction and, more particularly, it relates to a method for selectively heating a resin composite reinforced with an electrically conductive fiber by magnetic induction without substantially heating the electrically conductive fiber.
- thermoplastic layer contains electrical conductive fibers such as carbon fibers which are heated by inducing electric currents into the fibers at frequencies in the frequency range of 3-4 MHz.
- electrical conductive fibers such as carbon fibers which are heated by inducing electric currents into the fibers at frequencies in the frequency range of 3-4 MHz.
- sufficient voltage is induced in the carbon fiber to cause breakdown between fibers, between adjacent layers and possibly within one layer such that circulating eddy currents heat the carbon fibers which brings the thermoplastic up to a softening or fusion temperature.
- U.S. Patent No. 2,393,541 discloses that by properly selecting finely divided metal particles and alloys having ferromagnetic properties, the heating temperature in the presence of a high frequency magnetic field may be readily limited and controlled to the particular temperature or temperature range necessary for the heat-treating of materials such as glue, adhesives or plastics.
- a particular temperature known as the Curie point therefor
- the ferromagnetic qualities cease. As a result, any of the various metals or alloys of the ferromagnetic class become heated to a particular temperature, known as the Curie point therefor, then the ferromagnetic qualities cease. As a result, any combination of the various metals or alloys of the ferromagnetic class become heated to a particular temperature, known as the Curie point therefor, then the ferromagnetic qualities cease. As a result, any combination of the various metals or alloys of the ferromagnetic class become heated to a particular temperature, known as the Curie point therefor, then the ferromagnetic qualities cease. As
- SUBST ⁇ TUTE SHEET further application of a high frequency field is substantially ineffective to cause further heating if the particles are small.
- Masses of metal of substantial size may be heated by magnetic induction due to the setting up of eddy currents, as well as because of hysteresis effects in the case of metals of the ferromagnetic class.
- the patentee discloses that since the ferromagnetic particles are finely divided and effectively insulated from each other by the adhesive or other dielectric material mixed therewith, there is no substantial heating above the Curie point due to eddy currents and that particles may be chosen such that the heating effect is discontinued upon reaching the Curie point for the particles so that the non-conductive material is protected against damage if it is of the nature of damage that might occur by more prolonged heating without a further temperature rise.
- the invention involves a method for selectively heating a composite structure comprising a nonconductive material such as a thermoplastic resin reinforced with conductive materials such as carbon fibers, by associating with the composite structure with a preferential heating material having characteristics of high magnetic permeability, high hysteresis loss loop and a Curie temperature point near the melting or curing temperature of the resin material, and subjecting the structure to an external magnetic flux induced with frequencies of about 3 kHz to 7 MHz, whereby the preferential heating material respond as a susceptor to the flux field and is preferentially heated and thereby heating the composite structure to the desired or selected temperature.
- a preferential heating material having characteristics of high magnetic permeability, high hysteresis loss loop and a Curie temperature point near the melting or curing temperature of the resin material, and subjecting the structure to an external magnetic flux induced with frequencies of about 3 kHz to 7 MHz, whereby the preferential heating material respond as a susceptor to the flux field and is preferentially heated and thereby heating
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET The principles of this invention may be used in connection with bonding operations or in molding or shaping operations.
- a key aspect of the method when high frequencies are used to induct magnetic fields is to orient the composite structure and associated preferential heating material so that they are within and aligned with the plane of the induced magnetic field whereby circulating eddy currents will not substantially heat the electrical conductive fibers to cause overheating of the material.
- the preferential heating material preferably is in the form of magnetic particles.
- other forms of the material such as foils and screens are also satisfactory for use.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a composite structure oriented within an induced magnetic field.
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of
- FIG. 1 showing more detail of the composite within the induced magnetic field.
- Figs. 3-6 show alternate locations of particles coupled with the magnetic field and associated with the composite structure.
- a composite structure 10 is surrounded by a coil 12 energized by an induction generator 12a with an instantaneous electrical current flowing in the direction of the arrows.
- the energized coil generates an instantaneous induced magnetic field of flux 14 that surrounds the composite structure 10 which is substantially aligned with the plane of the induced magnetic field 14.
- the composite structure 10 comprises a resin matrix 19 reinforced with electrical conductive material 20 such as carbon fiber.
- electrical conductive material 20 such as carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber is in a two dimensional planar array within the resin material.
- a layer of resin film 16 having a plurality of coupling particles 18 embedded in the film.
- a coupling particle is a conductive particle and must be an electrical charge carrier when an electrical current is applied.
- all metallic particles are conductive particles.
- the coupling particles are magnetic with a Curie temperature and a hysteresis loop.
- Figs. 3-6 show embodiments of different arrangements for associating coupling particles 18 with a composite structure 10. More particularly, in Fig. 3 the coupling particles 18 are within the composite structure 10a mixed with the electrical conductive fibers 20. In Fig. 4 the coupling particles 18 are located close to one surface but within composite structure 10b. In Fig. 5 the coupling particles 18 are on the surface of composite structure 10c and in Fig. 6 the coupling
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET particles 18 are embedded in a film 16 which is located adjacent a surface of composite structure lOd.
- a high frequency alternating current is applied to coil 12 which in turn generates a magnetic field 14 in accordance with known magnetic circuit principles.
- the field 14 is shown oriented in substantially one plane.
- the composite structure is oriented in the plane of the magnetic field providing for efficient hysteresis heating of the particles which in turn leads to selective heating of the areas of the composite structure associated with the particles and inefficient or substantially no heating of the electrical conductive fibers because the area of the conductive fibers exposed to the magnetic lines of flux 14 is small which tends to confine circulating eddy currents within the individual fibers rather than between fibers, thus minimizing heat generated thereby.
- EXAMPLE I In a series of tests to show the effect of frequency and orientation within an induced magnetic field on heating of a resin reinforced with an electrically conductive fiber and a resin containing particles capable of coupling with the magnetic field, the following 1" x 1" samples of composites were made and tested.
- the composites were polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) resin and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin, both reinforced with AS-4 carbon fibers of a nominal diameter of 8 ⁇ .
- the volume fraction of carbon fibers was 60% of the laminate.
- the fibers were either unidirectional, quasi- isotropic or in woven fabric in the laminates.
- Ameritherm induction generator made by Ameritherm, Inc. in Scottsville, New York, is a SP-15 type, 15 kW, 50-200 KHz frequency generator.
- Cycle Dyne induction generator made by Cycle Dyne Corporation in Jamaica, New York, is an EA-30 type, 2 kW, 2-7 MHz frequency generator.
- ⁇ Volume fraction of carbon fibers is 40%. Note that all other laminates have a volume fraction of carbon fibers of 60%.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET magnetic lines are at 0° with the conductive reinforcing fiber; and therefore, as long as the fibers are in a two-dimensional configuration in a composite and this two-dimensional plane is 0° to induced magnetic lines, then the composite will not heat up by eddy currents.
- EXAMPLE II An eight turn round coil of 1/4" copper tubing, inside diameter of coil was 2.5", was energized by an Ameritherm generator (tuned at 85 KHz, power 6.12 kW) .
- Magnetic oxide CPs were mixed in PEKK 60:40 thermoplastic neat resin film. The size of the CPs was in the submicron range and CP concentration was 70% by weight. A coupling film was made and its thickness was 0.04". Two 0.125" x 1" x 6" laminates in a single overlap configuration with 1" overlap and the coupling film sandwiched in the overlap region of the material. The laminates were 12-ply quasi-isotropic
- the PEKK resin was 70:30 type and the volume fraction of the continuous carbon-fibers was 60%.
- the laminates were positioned such that the plies were 0° to the induced magnetic lines, and the overlap region was put under a 40 psi pressure. A joint was made in 16 seconds.
- the temperature in the composite film reached 340"C whereas the temperature of the composite laminate reached 200°C due to heat conduction. Since it was shown in Example I that the composite does not heat up when positioned to 0° to the magnetic lines, the reason that the composite heats up here is due to heat conduction from the coupling film.
- the tensile shear strength was 1,100 psi as determined by ASTM standard D3163.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET EXAMPLE IV A six turn rectangular coil of 1/4" square copper tubing (4"x2") was energized by an Ajax generator (tuned at 4.6 kHz, power 14kW) .
- the coil had flux concentrators on the bottom side of the coil to direct the magnetic lines to the coupling film under the coil.
- a coupling film was made by sandwiching a copper screen of mesh 40x40 and size 1.6"x6" in between 8 mil pyromellitic diethyl ester diacid/1,4- bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2-phenylbenzene mixtures (Avimid® K) neat resin films. Two 0.06"x6"x6" laminates were put together in a single overlap configuration with 1.6" overlap and the coupling film was sandwiched in the overlap region of the laminates. The whole assembly was then put under the coil.
- the laminates were 12-ply unidirectional carbon fiber Avimid® K.
- the volume fraction of the carbon fibers was 60%.
- the laminates were positioned under the coil and the overlap region was subjected to the 15 psi pressure.
- a joint was made in 12 seconds.
- the temperature in the coupling film reached 360 ⁇ C whereas the temperature of the composite laminate reached 190 ⁇ C due to heat conduction.
- the tensile shear strength was 3,200 psi as determined by ASTM standard D3163.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69225480T DE69225480T2 (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1992-07-28 | METHOD FOR INDUCTION HEATING OF COMPOSITES |
AU23995/92A AU666664B2 (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1992-07-28 | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
EP92916734A EP0596996B1 (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1992-07-28 | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/738,220 US5248864A (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1991-07-30 | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
US738,220 | 1991-07-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993002849A1 true WO1993002849A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
Family
ID=24967085
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1992/006112 WO1993002849A1 (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1992-07-28 | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5248864A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0596996B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3190339B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU666664B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2113418A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69225480T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993002849A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
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WO1996039291A1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1996-12-12 | The Boeing Company | Method for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
EP1343355A2 (en) † | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-10 | The Boeing Company | Smart susceptor having a geometrically complex molding surface |
JP2012218221A (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-11-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method of manufacturing gas tank and thermosetting apparatus |
US8366859B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2013-02-05 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. | Method and device for sealing |
RU2504574C2 (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2014-01-20 | Харрис Корпорейшн | Sensitive particles from carbon fibres for radio frequency heating |
WO2016001659A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Craley Group Limited | Improvements in or in relation to pipe liners and the installation thereof |
US9586362B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2017-03-07 | The Boeing Company | Thermoplastic welding apparatus and method |
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US5793024A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1998-08-11 | The Boeing Company | Bonding using induction heating |
US7126096B1 (en) | 1991-04-05 | 2006-10-24 | Th Boeing Company | Resistance welding of thermoplastics in aerospace structure |
US5624594A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1997-04-29 | The Boeing Company | Fixed coil induction heater for thermoplastic welding |
US5587098A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1996-12-24 | The Boeing Company | Joining large structures using localized induction heating |
US5808281A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1998-09-15 | The Boeing Company | Multilayer susceptors for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
US5645744A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1997-07-08 | The Boeing Company | Retort for achieving thermal uniformity in induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals |
US5723849A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1998-03-03 | The Boeing Company | Reinforced susceptor for induction or resistance welding of thermoplastic composites |
US5710414A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1998-01-20 | The Boeing Company | Internal tooling for induction heating |
US5248864A (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1993-09-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
US5500511A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1996-03-19 | The Boeing Company | Tailored susceptors for induction welding of thermoplastic |
WO1995017452A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for bonding polymeric articles |
JPH07312301A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1995-11-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Resistor element |
US5648137A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1997-07-15 | Blackmore; Richard | Advanced cured resin composite parts and method of forming such parts |
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US5705795A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-01-06 | The Boeing Company | Gap filling for thermoplastic welds |
US5717191A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-02-10 | The Boeing Company | Structural susceptor for thermoplastic welding |
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US5712469A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1998-01-27 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method of curing inaccessible thermoset adhesive joints using radio frequency dielectric heating |
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US5916469A (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1999-06-29 | The Boeing Company | Susceptor integration into reinforced thermoplastic composites |
AUPO071296A0 (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1996-07-25 | Ayres, Patrick Michael William | Heating of components |
US5869814A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1999-02-09 | The Boeing Company | Post-weld annealing of thermoplastic welds |
US5902935A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-05-11 | Georgeson; Gary E. | Nondestructive evaluation of composite bonds, especially thermoplastic induction welds |
AU746100B2 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2002-04-18 | Robert Harlan Johnson Jr. | High efficiency heating agents |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5248864A (en) | 1993-09-28 |
CA2113418A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
JP3190339B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 |
EP0596996A1 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
JPH06509293A (en) | 1994-10-20 |
EP0596996B1 (en) | 1998-05-13 |
US5340428A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
AU2399592A (en) | 1993-03-02 |
DE69225480D1 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
DE69225480T2 (en) | 1998-12-24 |
AU666664B2 (en) | 1996-02-22 |
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