WO1992005093A1 - A twist lock for joining corner boxes when loading containers - Google Patents
A twist lock for joining corner boxes when loading containers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992005093A1 WO1992005093A1 PCT/SE1991/000635 SE9100635W WO9205093A1 WO 1992005093 A1 WO1992005093 A1 WO 1992005093A1 SE 9100635 W SE9100635 W SE 9100635W WO 9205093 A1 WO9205093 A1 WO 9205093A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- twist lock
- cone
- wire
- twist
- cones
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
- B65D90/0013—Twist lock
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a twist lock, used when joining containers on top of each other, the twist locks being designed to interfere with corner box ⁇ es in the containers.
- Such a twist lock comprises a twist lock housing with a lower twist lock cone, designed to be connected to the upper corner boxes of a lower container as well as an upper twist lock cone, designed to be connected to the low ⁇ er corner boxes of an upper container, locking elements designed to keep the lock cones in their locking position in the corner boxes, as well as an actuation element, designed to release said locking elements and in certain situations lock the lock cones in their locking posi ⁇ tions.
- twist locks There are two types of twist locks, namely manually actuatable twist locks and semi-automaticly functioning twist locks.
- the conventional method of joining containers is done by means of manually actuatable twist locks, twist locks being put out on top of an already loaded container, and then a longshoreman, walking on top of the container, mounts the twist locksmanually in the upper corner box ⁇ es of the container; the operator subsequently steps aside or climbs downwards from the container; a new container is lowered onto the first container with the attached twist locks, and the twist locks are locked manually in the upper container, either from the deck of the vessel or another place below the twist locks or from above, by means of some type of tool.
- twist locks are released by pushing their lock handles in a lateral direction, the lock cones being released from the corner boxes of the containers.
- the upper container can then be removed, and the longshoreman will climb the lower container anew and manually remove the twist locks.
- the removed twist locks are collected in a box and lowered by means of a crane, but the twist locks can instead be thrown down onto the deck.
- the manual method results in several drawbacks: It is time-consuming and a heavy work to climb the container and mount and then remove the twist locks; also, it is a heavy work to manipulate the removed twist locks and the twist lock boxes; it is always dangerous to work on top of a container; personnel may be injured and material damaged, e.g. the deck of the vessel or even the twist locks, in case they are thrown downwards onto the deck.
- Semi-automatic twist locks are manually mounted already on the quay in the bottom of a suspended container, and it is designed in such a way, that it is automaticly locked in an upper corner box of a lower container, when the first-mentioned container is lowered onto the lower container.
- the release of the semi-automatic twist locks is done in a simple way, the lower twist lock cone be ⁇ ing released from the lower container by using some type of release element, subsequent to which the upper con ⁇ tainer jointly with the still attached twist lock can be lifted and then lowered, and the twist locks are ma ⁇ nually removed in a position, when the container is sus ⁇ pended a short distance above the deck or the quay.
- the semi-automatic method results in several advantages and reduces the heavy work and the risks of handling the twist locks.
- the handling person ⁇ nel are very accustomed to the manual method, and thus, they do not want to start using the semi-automatic meth ⁇ od without a certain transitional period.
- a twist lock is needed, which can be handled manu ⁇ ally as well as semi-automaticly.
- the present invention particularly relates to such a twist lock, which is designed to be connected to the bottom cor ⁇ ner boxes of an upper container, before the container is lifted and placed in its position on top av a lower con ⁇ tainer, the twist lock being automaticly controlled and being snapped into its locking position in the upper cor ⁇ ner boxes of the lower container, against the force of a spring element, when said upper container is lowered into its position on top of the lower container.
- twist locks are known. Some of these known twist locks are designed with a lower lock cone or an upper lock .cone, which is fastened to the twist lock housing (see e.g. DE-A-33 30 067) .
- This em ⁇ bodiment, in which one cf the lock cones is "fastened”; can in some cases render it more difficult to release the twist lock from a container corner box, since in such a case the entire twist lock housing must be twis ⁇ ted in order to release said fastened cone. It is nor ⁇ mally impossible to release this cone, when the twist lock is loaded with a container, placed on top of it.
- twist locks are designed with the two lock cones twistable on a common spindle and actuatable in a direction towards a locking by means of a spring element and to a release by means of an outer release element (see e.g. DE-A-33 14 361).
- the twist lock which will be described in the following text, belongs to this latter type of twist lock, but the invention does not leave out a possible embodiment, in which the only cone, particularly the upper twist lock cone, is fastened to the twist lock housing.
- the release element is usually a rigid arm or pin, which is directly connected to the rotational spindle of the twist lock cone or cones and which laterally projects from the twist lock housing. The release of the twist lock from one or both of the two containers is done by rotating the projecting arm or pin horizontally and la ⁇ terally in one direction or the other.
- the release arm or pin in such devices may rather easily be damaged, when a container, which of course often is quite heavy, hits the release arm during the lifting and adjustment work with the container. In case the release arm is damaged, it may be very difficult to remove the twist lock. Also, it is often difficult to reach there- lease arm to be able to actuate it, partly because the release must be done through a horizontal and lateral ac ⁇ tuation of the arm and it may be difficult to hit the arm with a long rod or the like in the proper way and with the proper force and partly also because the con ⁇ tainers often are loaded in several layers on top of each other and because the uppermost container, which it may be difficult to reach, always must be removed first.
- twist lock or the actuation arm for the twist lock has in some instances been damaged or made useless, because a container has happened to hit a twist lock cone in connection with the guiding of an upper contai ⁇ ner into its position above a lower container; the twist lock cone may then, when it is hit, by the force pass its normally locked end position and be damaged, or a stop element for the cone inside the twist lock housing may be damaged.
- the object of the present invention is to suggest a new method of handling twist locks, in using which it i ⁇ possible to operate in the conventional manual way or in the above-described semi-automatic way.
- Another object of the invention is to suggest a twist lock for the corner boxes of the containers and designed in such a way, that:
- twist lock if this is required, can be removed from the corner boxes of the lower container as well as from the upper container (normal handling) ;
- the release element has two or, in a special embodi ⁇ ment of the invention, three different release positions, - namely a first position, in which the lower lock cone is removed from the lower ocntainer, whereas the upper lock cone still is locked in the upper container, a second position,in which the upper twist lock cone is removed from the upper container, as well as in an undo em ⁇ bodiment a third position, in which the lock cone can also be removed from the upper container.
- Fig. 1 is a lateral view of a twist lock according to the present invention; and Fig. 2 shows the same twist lock from above.
- Fig. 3 is a horizontal sec ⁇ tion through the twist lock according to the invention, seen along line III-III in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 4 illustrates schematicly, how the release of the lower twist lock cone is done.
- Fig. 5 shows a simple tool, by means of which the twist lock can be actuated in order to release the lower lock cone.
- Fig. 1 is a lateral view of a twist lock according to the present invention
- Fig. 2 shows the same twist lock from above.
- Fig. 3 is a horizontal sec ⁇ tion through the twist lock according to the invention, seen along line III-III in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 4 illustrates schematicly, how the release of the lower twist lock cone is done.
- Fig. 5 shows a simple tool, by means of which the twist lock can be actuated in order to release the lower lock cone.
- FIG. 6 shows in two different re ⁇ presentational sequences partly how the twist lock can be used when loading containers on a vessel (A-E) , part ⁇ ly how an unloading of containers is done (F-J) .
- Fig.7 shows a lateral view of an alternative embodiment of the twist lock, designed to be used manually as well as semi-automaticly; and
- Fig. 8 is a view from above of the twist lock shown in Fig. 7.
- Fig. 9 shows how the twist lock in Figs. 7 and 8 works, when the lower twist lock cone i ⁇ removed from the lower container; and
- Fig. 10 shows the function, when the upper twist lock cone is removed from t e upper container.
- Fig. 11 shows schema ⁇ ticly and in a lateral view the three different actua ⁇ tion positions of the twist lock in Figs. 7-10.
- the twist lock which is shown in Figs. 1-3 generally comprises a twist lock housing 1, an upper twist lock cone 2, a lower twist lock cone 3 and an element 4 de ⁇ signed to release the two lock cones 2 and 3.
- twist lock housing 1 comprises two parts, namely two housing halves 5 and 6, which are joined together along a vertical plane and and in the interior form a cavity 7, in which various locking and actuation elements are housed, which will be explained in the following text.
- the twist lock hou ⁇ sing comprises a flat central part and an upper and a lower raised part 9 and 10 respectively, which form sup ⁇ port elements for a through spindle 11, which connects the two twist lock cones 2 and 3.
- a control slide 12 is mounted on spindle 11 and designed for a flexible steel wire 13, which forms a flexible, mainly indestructible actuation element for the twist lock.
- a stop arm 14 is attached to spindle 11 and mainly in the same plane- as control slide 12.
- Stop arm 14 limits the twisting possi ⁇ bility of the twisting cones and forms an end lock posi ⁇ tion and an end release position respectively for the same.
- Stop arm 14 can be twisted between the two end po ⁇ sitions, which are limited by two stop elements in the cavity of the twist lock housing, namely an end lock po ⁇ sition by stop element 15 and a maximally opened posi ⁇ tion by stop element 16.
- the entire unit, including twist lock cones 2,3 and connecting spindle 11, control slide 12 and stop arm 14 is pressed by means of a spring (not shown in the drawings) in clockwise direction, as is shown in Fig. 3, stop arm 14 seeking to bear on end po ⁇ sition stop 15.
- Wire 13 has at its inner end a loop 17, which is placed around stop arm 14, around spindle 11 and in a groove in control slide 12 and extends outwards through a hole 18 in the twist lock housing.
- Wire 13 has at its outer end a handle 19, which is designed to be actuated by pul ⁇ ling it, wire 13 twisting twist lock cones 2 and 3 in counterclock direction, as is shown in Fig. 3, and thus the lock cones being released from their corner boxes in the containers.
- the handle suitably has a knob or the like at its end, around which a pulling or pushing re ⁇ lease tool can be attached.
- Hole 18, through which wire 13 extends outwards out of the twist lock housing, is enlarged close to its mouth with a transverse slot 20, which extends outwards in each direction and is inwardly limited by a first stop 21 and outwardly by a second stop 22.
- a nozzle 23 is displaceably mounted in the slot. Nozzle 23 is narrower in a horizontal direction than the slot between stops 21 and 22, and consequently, the nozzle can be displaced a certain distance to and fro, and it is also pressed outwards against stop 22 by means of a spring 24. Nozzle 23 has in its center a mating through hole 25 for wire 13 and a stop element 26, which has been clamped onto the wire.
- Nozzle hole 25 also has an angular slot 27, the width of which corresponds to the diameter of wire 13 but is less than stop element 26, stop element 26 thus being designed to be locked against the edge of slot 27 on the outside of the nozzle.
- Nozzle 23 possibly can be designed with a second slot 28, which extends in a lateral direction but for the rest has the same shape and size as slot 27.
- the object of slots 27 and 28 is to allow wire 13 to be pulled outwards a certain distance and to lock wire 13 in this pulled-out position and then also to twist twist lock cones 2,3 to such an extent,' that lower cone 3 is released from its corner box.
- stop element 26 is clamped onto wire 13 in such a position, that lower cone 3 is retained in an open position as regards the corner box and the container, when stop element 26 bears on the ou ⁇ ter edges of slot 27, as is indicated with dashed lines in Fig. 1, or on the outer edges of slot 28, as is indi ⁇ cated with dashed lines in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 respecti ⁇ vely.
- Twist lock cones 2 and 3 are in a known way designed with such a shape and placed in such a twisting posi ⁇ tion in relation to each other, that lower cone 3 is re ⁇ leased, when a twisting in counterclock direction with an angle of 30 has been done, as is shown in Fig. 3.
- upper cone 2 is still locked in its corner box.
- Fig. 2 shows upper cone 2 with full lines and lower cone 3 with dashed lines.
- cones 2 and 3 are designed with cone angles, which are chosen in such a way, which is best illustrated in Fig. 2, that the twist lock will not be allowed to fall out of the corner box of the upper container, in case lower cone 3 would be hit by something and spindle 11 thereby would tend to rotate.
- a twisting in clockwise direction is not possible, since stop arm 14 hits loc ⁇ king position stop 15, and a twisting in counterclock ⁇ wise direction cannot be done longer than that upper cone 2 still will remain locked in the corner box of the upper container.
- a spring 29 is provided, which is an extension of the twisting spring for the locking cones, and which is mounted around stop arm 14 and ac ⁇ tuates wire 13 at location 30, a minor equalizing loop of wire 13 being formed, wire 13 in this way constantly being stretched. This loop is particularly important, in case lower cone 3 is released and stop element 26 will bear on the edges of slot 27 or slot 28.
- release element 4 for the twist lock is a flexible wire 13
- the entire twist lock can be handled fairly ca ⁇ relessly without risks as to damage to the release ele ⁇ ment. In case the handle would be hit unintentionally by something, nothing would happen except that wire 13 would be bent and possibly that nozzle 23 would rotate or be displaced inwards somewhat in its slot 20.
- nozzle 23 suitably are half cylinder-shaped. In this way the nozzle will easi ⁇ ly rotate about its transverse axis, when handle 19 is pulled straight downwards in order to release lower cone 3. This rotation of nozzle 23 will to a high degree fa ⁇ cilitate the withdrawal of wire 13 and the release of lower cone 3.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a simple device designed to release lower cone 3 from a corner box in a lower con ⁇ tainer. This is done by seizing by means of hook 31, if the actuation is from above, or hook 32, if the acuta- tion is from below - when the cones are in their end lock positions, position 0 in Fig. 3 - handle 19 and pulling
- Lower cone 3 is in this position released from its corner box and the upper container jointly with the twist lock can be lifted from the lower container and be put down on the quay, on a truck etc.
- twist lock can be removed in a simple way by pulling handle 19 outwards an additional distance, the cones reaching position II, as is illustrated with stop arm 14 in Fig. 3, the cone being released from its corner box and the entire twist lock falling out.
- FIG. 6 shows schematicly, how the handling of containers is done by means of the twist locks according to the in ⁇ vention.
- the representational sequence A-E shows a loa ⁇ ding of containers on a vessel
- the sequence F-J shows an unloading of containers from this vessel. Brief ⁇ ly, the loading is done in the following way:
- upper cone 2 is introduced from below into a lower corner box in a container, which will become an "upper container";
- the container is lifted by a crane and put down on a "lower container", lower cone 3 being automaticly twisted and through spring force being snapped into the upper cor ⁇ ner boxes of the lower container, resulting in a joining of the upper and the lower container; one container at a time is loaded in this way and a line ("bay") of con ⁇ tainers at a time, until the vessel is completely loa ⁇ ded; and
- a handle 19 in a twist lock is seized by means of the rod shown in Fig. 5 and the handle is pulled straight downwards, stop element 26 being secured against the ou ⁇ ter edges of slot 27 (or possibly slot 28); in this way the lower cone is released and can be taken out of the corner box of the lower container;
- twist lock falls out and is seized and put in an empty twist lock box
- twist lock box is carried to the place, where twist locks are to be adapted into the lower corner boxes of an upper container for the next container loading opera ⁇ tion.
- the alternative embodiment of the twist lock shown in Figs. 7-11 is, as regards its general construction, the same as the twist lock shown in Figs. 1-5, but is does differ from the latter, since nozzle 33 is designedwith an extended upper lip 34 having a slot 35 in addition to slots 27 and 28 and of the same type as slots 27 and 28. Slot 35 in the extended upper lip 34 is located at such a distance from the spindle of the twist cones, that up ⁇ per twist cone 2" is in its release position as to the corner box of the container, when stop element 26 of wire 13 is inserted into and secured by slot 35.
- upper twist lock cone 2' has an angle of helix to allow an automatic twisting of the cone, when it is actuated from above by a corner box of an "upper container".
- the unloading is done by pushing release element 4 straight upwards, the wire stop element sliding into and being locked by slot 35 of upper lip 34, upper twist lock cone 2 ' being exposed in order to be released from the lower corner box of the upper container.
- the container is lifted and removed, and the longshoreman alters the lower container and manually removes the twist locks and loads them in boxes or throws the twist locks onto the vessel deck or the quay.
Abstract
A twist lock, designed to connect containers to each other, placed on top of each other and/or adjacent each other in a lateral direction, and comprising a twist lock housing, an upper twist lock cone, a lower twist lock cone as well as an actuation element (13, 19), in order to in a sequence release the twist lock cones one after the other, when they are connected to the respective container corner boxes, the twist lock cones being mounted on a spindle (11), which extends through the twist lock housing (1) and means (14, 15, 16) being provided, designed to limit the twisting capability of the twist lock cones. An actuation element, designed to release the twist lock cone or cones from their corner boxes, comprises a flexible wire (13), which extends outwards (18) from the twist lock housing, and with a handle (19) can be actuated from outside, particularly when it is pulled straight downwards, and which by means of a stop element (26) interacts with a part (23), mounted in the twist lock housing and designed to lock one of the twist lock cones in an open position, whereas the other twist lock cone still is locked in its container corner box.
Description
A TWIST LOCK FOR JOINING CORNER BOXES WHEN LOADING CONTAINERS
The present invention generally relates to a twist lock, used when joining containers on top of each other, the twist locks being designed to interfere with corner box¬ es in the containers.
Such a twist lock comprises a twist lock housing with a lower twist lock cone, designed to be connected to the upper corner boxes of a lower container as well as an upper twist lock cone, designed to be connected to the low¬ er corner boxes of an upper container, locking elements designed to keep the lock cones in their locking position in the corner boxes, as well as an actuation element, designed to release said locking elements and in certain situations lock the lock cones in their locking posi¬ tions.
Nowadays, there are two types of twist locks, namely manually actuatable twist locks and semi-automaticly functioning twist locks.
The conventional method of joining containers is done by means of manually actuatable twist locks, twist locks being put out on top of an already loaded container, and then a longshoreman, walking on top of the container, mounts the twist locksmanually in the upper corner box¬ es of the container; the operator subsequently steps aside or climbs downwards from the container; a new container is lowered onto the first container with the attached twist locks, and the twist locks are locked manually in the upper container, either from the deck of the vessel or another place below the twist locks or from above, by means of some type of tool.
During the unloading the twist locks are released by pushing their lock handles in a lateral direction, the lock cones being released from the corner boxes of the
containers. The upper container can then be removed, and the longshoreman will climb the lower container anew and manually remove the twist locks. The removed twist locks are collected in a box and lowered by means of a crane, but the twist locks can instead be thrown down onto the deck.
The manual method results in several drawbacks: It is time-consuming and a heavy work to climb the container and mount and then remove the twist locks; also, it is a heavy work to manipulate the removed twist locks and the twist lock boxes; it is always dangerous to work on top of a container; personnel may be injured and material damaged, e.g. the deck of the vessel or even the twist locks, in case they are thrown downwards onto the deck.
Semi-automatic twist locks are manually mounted already on the quay in the bottom of a suspended container, and it is designed in such a way, that it is automaticly locked in an upper corner box of a lower container, when the first-mentioned container is lowered onto the lower container. The release of the semi-automatic twist locks is done in a simple way, the lower twist lock cone be¬ ing released from the lower container by using some type of release element, subsequent to which the upper con¬ tainer jointly with the still attached twist lock can be lifted and then lowered, and the twist locks are ma¬ nually removed in a position, when the container is sus¬ pended a short distance above the deck or the quay.
The semi-automatic method results in several advantages and reduces the heavy work and the risks of handling the twist locks. However, in many cases the handling person¬ nel are very accustomed to the manual method, and thus, they do not want to start using the semi-automatic meth¬ od without a certain transitional period.
Thus, a twist lock is needed, which can be handled manu¬ ally as well as semi-automaticly.
The present invention particularly relates to such a twist lock, which is designed to be connected to the bottom cor¬ ner boxes of an upper container, before the container is lifted and placed in its position on top av a lower con¬ tainer, the twist lock being automaticly controlled and being snapped into its locking position in the upper cor¬ ner boxes of the lower container, against the force of a spring element, when said upper container is lowered into its position on top of the lower container.
Many types of container twist locks are known. Some of these known twist locks are designed with a lower lock cone or an upper lock .cone, which is fastened to the twist lock housing (see e.g. DE-A-33 30 067) . This em¬ bodiment, in which one cf the lock cones is "fastened"; can in some cases render it more difficult to release the twist lock from a container corner box, since in such a case the entire twist lock housing must be twis¬ ted in order to release said fastened cone. It is nor¬ mally impossible to release this cone, when the twist lock is loaded with a container, placed on top of it.
Other types of twist locks are designed with the two lock cones twistable on a common spindle and actuatable in a direction towards a locking by means of a spring element and to a release by means of an outer release element (see e.g. DE-A-33 14 361).
The twist lock, which will be described in the following text, belongs to this latter type of twist lock, but the invention does not leave out a possible embodiment, in which the only cone, particularly the upper twist lock cone, is fastened to the twist lock housing.
The release element is usually a rigid arm or pin, which is directly connected to the rotational spindle of the twist lock cone or cones and which laterally projects from the twist lock housing. The release of the twist lock from one or both of the two containers is done by rotating the projecting arm or pin horizontally and la¬ terally in one direction or the other.
The release arm or pin in such devices may rather easily be damaged, when a container, which of course often is quite heavy, hits the release arm during the lifting and adjustment work with the container. In case the release arm is damaged, it may be very difficult to remove the twist lock. Also, it is often difficult to reach there- lease arm to be able to actuate it, partly because the release must be done through a horizontal and lateral ac¬ tuation of the arm and it may be difficult to hit the arm with a long rod or the like in the proper way and with the proper force and partly also because the con¬ tainers often are loaded in several layers on top of each other and because the uppermost container, which it may be difficult to reach, always must be removed first.
Also, the twist lock or the actuation arm for the twist lock has in some instances been damaged or made useless, because a container has happened to hit a twist lock cone in connection with the guiding of an upper contai¬ ner into its position above a lower container; the twist lock cone may then, when it is hit, by the force pass its normally locked end position and be damaged, or a stop element for the cone inside the twist lock housing may be damaged.
The object of the present invention is to suggest a new method of handling twist locks, in using which it iε possible to operate in the conventional manual way or
in the above-described semi-automatic way.
Another object of the invention is to suggest a twist lock for the corner boxes of the containers and designed in such a way, that:
- the risk of damage to the release element of the twist lock is minimized, also when the twist lock is handled carelessly;
- it is easy to reach the release element in order to re¬ move the twist lock from a lower container, particularly by actuating the release element straight downwards or possibly in a lateral direction;
- the twist lock, if this is required, can be removed from the corner boxes of the lower container as well as from the upper container (normal handling) ;
- the risk that the twist lock will fall out of the upper container is minimized, in case the lower twist lock cone unintentionally would be twisted by a blow against an edge of the lower container during the loading;
- the risk of damage to the twist lock is minimized in case a twist lock cone is hit and is twisted past its normal end lock position, when a container is Handled; and
- the release element has two or, in a special embodi¬ ment of the invention, three different release positions, - namely a first position, in which the lower lock cone is removed from the lower ocntainer, whereas the upper lock cone still is locked in the upper container, a second position,in which the upper twist lock cone is removed from the upper container, as well as in an alternativ em¬ bodiment a third position, in which the lock cone can also be removed from the upper container.
More detailed characteristics and advantages of the in¬ vention will be set forth in the following detailed de¬ scription, in which reference will be made to the accom¬ panying drawings:
In the drawings Fig. 1 is a lateral view of a twist lock according to the present invention; and Fig. 2 shows the same twist lock from above. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sec¬ tion through the twist lock according to the invention, seen along line III-III in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 illustrates schematicly, how the release of the lower twist lock cone is done. Fig. 5 shows a simple tool, by means of which the twist lock can be actuated in order to release the lower lock cone. Fig. 6 shows in two different re¬ presentational sequences partly how the twist lock can be used when loading containers on a vessel (A-E) , part¬ ly how an unloading of containers is done (F-J) . Fig.7 shows a lateral view of an alternative embodiment of the twist lock, designed to be used manually as well as semi-automaticly; and Fig. 8 is a view from above of the twist lock shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 shows how the twist lock in Figs. 7 and 8 works, when the lower twist lock cone iε removed from the lower container; and Fig. 10 shows the function, when the upper twist lock cone is removed from t e upper container. Fig. 11 shows schema¬ ticly and in a lateral view the three different actua¬ tion positions of the twist lock in Figs. 7-10.
The twist lock which is shown in Figs. 1-3 generally comprises a twist lock housing 1, an upper twist lock cone 2, a lower twist lock cone 3 and an element 4 de¬ signed to release the two lock cones 2 and 3.
Fig. 3 shows very clearly, how twist lock housing 1 comprises two parts, namely two housing halves 5 and 6, which are joined together along a vertical plane and and in the interior form a cavity 7, in which various locking and actuation elements are housed, which will be explained in the following text. The twist lock hou¬ sing comprises a flat central part and an upper and a lower raised part 9 and 10 respectively, which form sup¬ port elements for a through spindle 11, which connects
the two twist lock cones 2 and 3. A control slide 12 is mounted on spindle 11 and designed for a flexible steel wire 13, which forms a flexible, mainly indestructible actuation element for the twist lock. Also, a stop arm 14 is attached to spindle 11 and mainly in the same plane- as control slide 12. This arm limits the twisting possi¬ bility of the twisting cones and forms an end lock posi¬ tion and an end release position respectively for the same. Stop arm 14 can be twisted between the two end po¬ sitions, which are limited by two stop elements in the cavity of the twist lock housing, namely an end lock po¬ sition by stop element 15 and a maximally opened posi¬ tion by stop element 16. The entire unit, including twist lock cones 2,3 and connecting spindle 11, control slide 12 and stop arm 14, is pressed by means of a spring (not shown in the drawings) in clockwise direction, as is shown in Fig. 3, stop arm 14 seeking to bear on end po¬ sition stop 15.
Wire 13 has at its inner end a loop 17, which is placed around stop arm 14, around spindle 11 and in a groove in control slide 12 and extends outwards through a hole 18 in the twist lock housing. Wire 13 has at its outer end a handle 19, which is designed to be actuated by pul¬ ling it, wire 13 twisting twist lock cones 2 and 3 in counterclock direction, as is shown in Fig. 3, and thus the lock cones being released from their corner boxes in the containers. The handle suitably has a knob or the like at its end, around which a pulling or pushing re¬ lease tool can be attached.
Hole 18, through which wire 13 extends outwards out of the twist lock housing, is enlarged close to its mouth with a transverse slot 20, which extends outwards in each direction and is inwardly limited by a first stop 21 and outwardly by a second stop 22. A nozzle 23 is displaceably mounted in the slot. Nozzle 23 is narrower
in a horizontal direction than the slot between stops 21 and 22, and consequently, the nozzle can be displaced a certain distance to and fro, and it is also pressed outwards against stop 22 by means of a spring 24. Nozzle 23 has in its center a mating through hole 25 for wire 13 and a stop element 26, which has been clamped onto the wire. Nozzle hole 25 also has an angular slot 27, the width of which corresponds to the diameter of wire 13 but is less than stop element 26, stop element 26 thus being designed to be locked against the edge of slot 27 on the outside of the nozzle. Nozzle 23 possibly can be designed with a second slot 28, which extends in a lateral direction but for the rest has the same shape and size as slot 27. The object of slots 27 and 28 is to allow wire 13 to be pulled outwards a certain distance and to lock wire 13 in this pulled-out position and then also to twist twist lock cones 2,3 to such an extent,' that lower cone 3 is released from its corner box. In or¬ der to achieve this object stop element 26 is clamped onto wire 13 in such a position, that lower cone 3 is retained in an open position as regards the corner box and the container, when stop element 26 bears on the ou¬ ter edges of slot 27, as is indicated with dashed lines in Fig. 1, or on the outer edges of slot 28, as is indi¬ cated with dashed lines in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 respecti¬ vely.
Twist lock cones 2 and 3 are in a known way designed with such a shape and placed in such a twisting posi¬ tion in relation to each other, that lower cone 3 is re¬ leased, when a twisting in counterclock direction with an angle of 30 has been done, as is shown in Fig. 3. In this position upper cone 2 is still locked in its corner box. Fig. 2 shows upper cone 2 with full lines and lower cone 3 with dashed lines. When wire 13 has been pulled out to the position, in which stop element 26 bears on the outer edges of slot 27 or slot 28, up-
per cone 2 is locked in the described way, whereas low¬ er cone 3 is released from its corner box. When wire 13 has been pulled out an additional distance beyond the po¬ sition, which is shown with dashed lines in Figs. 1 and 2, upper cone 2 will be released from its corresponding corner box.
Thus, cones 2 and 3 are designed with cone angles, which are chosen in such a way, which is best illustrated in Fig. 2, that the twist lock will not be allowed to fall out of the corner box of the upper container, in case lower cone 3 would be hit by something and spindle 11 thereby would tend to rotate. A twisting in clockwise direction is not possible, since stop arm 14 hits loc¬ king position stop 15, and a twisting in counterclock¬ wise direction cannot be done longer than that upper cone 2 still will remain locked in the corner box of the upper container.
In order to prevent the twist lock from being locked anew, in case lower cone 3 would be hit by something du¬ ring a handling, and a removal of an upper container from a lower container, which might happen, in case stop ele¬ ment 26 of actuation wire 13 would be released from loc¬ king slot 27 or 28, a spring 29 is provided, which is an extension of the twisting spring for the locking cones, and which is mounted around stop arm 14 and ac¬ tuates wire 13 at location 30, a minor equalizing loop of wire 13 being formed, wire 13 in this way constantly being stretched. This loop is particularly important, in case lower cone 3 is released and stop element 26 will bear on the edges of slot 27 or slot 28. Thus, in case in this position the cone would be hit by something, the cone unintentionally being twisted an additional an¬ gular distance in clockwise direction, as is shown in Fig. 3, then the spring-loaded loop would prevent an un¬ intentional release of stop element 26 and a pulling in-
wards of the wire and prevent lower cone 3 from regai¬ ning its locking position. When the twist lock is hit in one direction, nozzle 23 will be pulled inwards, against the force of spring 24, and when the twist lock is hit in the opposite direction, the loop will be long¬ er, by means of spring 29, and wire 13 will continuous¬ ly be stretched.
Since release element 4 for the twist lock is a flexible wire 13, the entire twist lock can be handled fairly ca¬ relessly without risks as to damage to the release ele¬ ment. In case the handle would be hit unintentionally by something, nothing would happen except that wire 13 would be bent and possibly that nozzle 23 would rotate or be displaced inwards somewhat in its slot 20.
The laterally directed ends of nozzle 23 suitably are half cylinder-shaped. In this way the nozzle will easi¬ ly rotate about its transverse axis, when handle 19 is pulled straight downwards in order to release lower cone 3. This rotation of nozzle 23 will to a high degree fa¬ cilitate the withdrawal of wire 13 and the release of lower cone 3.
Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a simple device designed to release lower cone 3 from a corner box in a lower con¬ tainer. This is done by seizing by means of hook 31, if the actuation is from above, or hook 32, if the acuta- tion is from below - when the cones are in their end lock positions, position 0 in Fig. 3 - handle 19 and pulling
(pushing)handle 19 by means of wire 13 straight down¬ wards, until stop element 26 has passed slot 27 and sli- ded down behind its edges, subsequent to which handle 19 is released, stop element 26 being secured in slot 27
(position I in Fig. 3) . Lower cone 3 is in this position released from its corner box and the upper container jointly with the twist lock can be lifted from the lower
container and be put down on the quay, on a truck etc.
When the upper container has been lifted from the lower container, the twist lock can be removed in a simple way by pulling handle 19 outwards an additional distance, the cones reaching position II, as is illustrated with stop arm 14 in Fig. 3, the cone being released from its corner box and the entire twist lock falling out.
Fig. 6 shows schematicly, how the handling of containers is done by means of the twist locks according to the in¬ vention. The representational sequence A-E shows a loa¬ ding of containers on a vessel, and the sequence F-J shows an unloading of containers from this vessel. Brief¬ ly, the loading is done in the following way:
A. a box with a twist lock is picked up and carried to the lifting place of the containers;
B. a twist lock is seized, the housing is twisted manu¬ ally, upper cone 2 reaching its release position;
C. upper cone 2 is introduced from below into a lower corner box in a container, which will become an "upper container";
D. the container is lifted by a crane and put down on a "lower container", lower cone 3 being automaticly twisted and through spring force being snapped into the upper cor¬ ner boxes of the lower container, resulting in a joining of the upper and the lower container; one container at a time is loaded in this way and a line ("bay") of con¬ tainers at a time, until the vessel is completely loa¬ ded; and
E. the empty twist lock boxes are returned to their sto¬ rage area.
The unloading of a vessel with containers is done as follows:
F. a handle 19 in a twist lock is seized by means of the rod shown in Fig. 5 and the handle is pulled straight
downwards, stop element 26 being secured against the ou¬ ter edges of slot 27 (or possibly slot 28); in this way the lower cone is released and can be taken out of the corner box of the lower container;
G. the upper container jointly with the twist lock is lifted and removed and lowered to the quay; H. before the container is placed on the quay, the twist lock of each corner box is removed by pulling handle 19 again, upper cone 2 being released from the lower box of the container;
I. the twist lock falls out and is seized and put in an empty twist lock box; and
J. the twist lock box is carried to the place, where twist locks are to be adapted into the lower corner boxes of an upper container for the next container loading opera¬ tion.
The alternative embodiment of the twist lock shown in Figs. 7-11 is, as regards its general construction, the same as the twist lock shown in Figs. 1-5, but is does differ from the latter, since nozzle 33 is designedwith an extended upper lip 34 having a slot 35 in addition to slots 27 and 28 and of the same type as slots 27 and 28. Slot 35 in the extended upper lip 34 is located at such a distance from the spindle of the twist cones, that up¬ per twist cone 2" is in its release position as to the corner box of the container, when stop element 26 of wire 13 is inserted into and secured by slot 35. This is done by pulling the wire straight upwards - as compared to pulling straight downwards or in straight lateral di¬ rection, as is done when wire stop element 26 is to be fastened in slot 27 and 28 respectively. The secured ad¬ justment of upper twist lock cone 2" into its release position allows an entirely manual handling of the twist lock, and at the same time the twist lock can be used as a semi-automatic twist lock, when wire stop element 26 is fastened in any one of slots 27 or 28. As is clearly
shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, upper twist lock cone 2' has an angle of helix to allow an automatic twisting of the cone, when it is actuated from above by a corner box of an "upper container".
When containers are loaded according to the conventio¬ nal manual way of handling twist locks, a longshoreman is lifted up onto the first loaded container, the so called lower container, and he manually mounts twist locks in the upper corner boxes of the lower container. This is illustrated in Fig. 9, the lower twist lock cone, which is indicated with dot-dash-lines, being po¬ sitioned to be introduced into the upper corner box of the lower container, subsequent to which the cones are allowed to return by spring force to the locked position shown in Fig. 8. The operator then steps aside, and an "upper container" is put down onto the lower container with its attached twist locks. Due to the angle of he¬ lix of upper twist lock cone 2 " , it is twisted automa¬ tically and snaps into the lower corner box of the up¬ per container, when the latter is put down on the lower container.
The unloading is done by pushing release element 4 straight upwards, the wire stop element sliding into and being locked by slot 35 of upper lip 34, upper twist lock cone 2 ' being exposed in order to be released from the lower corner box of the upper container. The container is lifted and removed, and the longshoreman alters the lower container and manually removes the twist locks and loads them in boxes or throws the twist locks onto the vessel deck or the quay.
REFERENCE NUMERALS
Figures 1-5
1 twist lock housing 26 stop element
2 upper twist lock cone 27 slot (downwardly dir.)
3 lower twist lock cone 28 slot (laterally dir.)
4 release element 29 spring
5 housing half 30 place (for 29)
6 housing half 31 hook
7 cavity 32 hook
8 flat central part
9 raised part
10 raised part
11 spindle
12 control slide
13 steel wire
14 stop arm
15 stop element (locked pos.)
16 stop element (open pos.)
17 loop
18 hole (in 1)
19 handle
20 slot
21 1st stop (in 20)
22 2nd stop (in 20)
23 nozzle
24 spring (for 23)
25 hole (in 23)
Claims
1. A twist lock, designed to connect containers, placed on top of each other and/or laterally adjacent each oth¬ er, and comprising a twist lock housing (1), an upper twist lock cone (2), a lower twist lock cone (3) as well as an actuation element (4) , which extends out of (18) the twist lock housing (1) and which with a handle (19) can be actuated from outside in order to release the twist lock cones, when these are connected to the cor¬ ner boxes of the respective containers, one of the twist lock cones or both (2,3) being mounted on a spindle (11), which extends through the twist lock housing (1) and means (14,15,16) being provided, designed to limit the twisting capability of the twist lock cones (2,3), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that
- the twist lock housing (1) is provided with a nozzle (23;33), in which the actuation element (4) is slidable; and
- the actuation element is a flexible wire (13) , which is provided with a stop element (26) , designed to interact with some part -of the nozzle (23;33) , in order to, when the flexible wire (13) has been pulled outwards a cer¬ tain distance, be secured in a position (27,28), inwhich one of the lock cones (3;3") is released from its cor¬ ner box, the other twist lock cone (2;2") also being re¬ leased, when the wire is pulled outwards an additional distance.
2. A twist lock according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the nozzle (23;33), in which the wire (13) is secured after a certain pulling out from the twist lock housing (1) , is displaceable a certain distance in a slot (20) in the twist lock housing (1), and in that the nozzle is forced by a spring (24) into an outer end position (22) in the twist lock housing (1) .
3. A twist lock according to claim 2, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the nozzle (23) has a through hole (25) , through which the wire (13) with its stop element (26) can pass, and in that the through hole
(25) in one or several places is enlarged to a slot (27,28;35) having a width, which only allows the wire (13) to pass but not the stop element (26) , said slot (27,28) forming a retainer element for the wire in a certain pulled out position, because the stop element
(26) bears on the external edges of the slot.
4. A twist lock according to claim 3, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the nozzle (23) is designedwith two slots (27,28), one having a direction straight downwards and the other a straight lateral direction, the two slots having such a position, that the lower twist lock cone (3) has reached a released position, when the wire stop element (26) has been secured in any one of the two slots (27,28).
5. A twist lock according to claims 3 and 4, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the nozzle (33) is de¬ signed with an upper projecting lip (34) he :.ng an ad¬ ditional slot (35) , which extends straight upwards in relation to the actuation wire (13) and has such a po¬ sition, that the upper twist lock cone (2") has reached a released position, when the wire stop element (26) has been secured in this upwardly extended slot (35) .
6. A twist lock according to any of the preceding pa¬ tent claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the twist lock cones (2,3) are twisted in relation to each other and angled in such a way, that the lower twisr lock cone (3) is released from the corner box of the lower container, when the wire stop element (26) is locked in some of the lock slots (27 or 28) of the nozzle (23) , whereas the upper twist lock cone (2) still is locked in its corresponding container corner box, in such a way that the upper twist lock cone (2) is re¬ tained in its container corner box, even if the lower twist lock cone (3) unintentionally would be hit by something and consequently, jointly with the cone spindle (11) and the upper twist lock cone (2) , would happen to be twisted. (Figure 2) .
7. A twist lock according to any of claims 2-6, c h ¬ r a c t e r i z e d in that the nozzle (23;33) partly is horizontally displaceable a certain distance in the nozzle slit (20) of the twist lock housing (1) against the force of the compressive spring (24) and partly also can be twis¬ ted about an imaginary transverse, horizontal axis in this slot (20) .
8. A twist lock according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the actuation wire (13) is prestretched by a spring (29) , which forms a loop in the wire (13) and constantly keeps the wire stretched, al¬ so in case anyone of the lock cones (2,3; 2",3") uninten¬ tionally would be hit by something and be twisted.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9003041-2 | 1990-09-25 | ||
| SE9003041A SE467459B (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1990-09-25 | WIRELESS BEFORE HEARING CHARGES TO CONTAINERS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992005093A1 true WO1992005093A1 (en) | 1992-04-02 |
Family
ID=20380441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE1991/000635 WO1992005093A1 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1991-09-23 | A twist lock for joining corner boxes when loading containers |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE467459B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992005093A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE467459B (en) | 1992-07-20 |
| SE9003041L (en) | 1992-03-26 |
| SE9003041D0 (en) | 1990-09-25 |
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