WO1992002981A1 - Procedure for the control of an electric device - Google Patents

Procedure for the control of an electric device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992002981A1
WO1992002981A1 PCT/FI1991/000242 FI9100242W WO9202981A1 WO 1992002981 A1 WO1992002981 A1 WO 1992002981A1 FI 9100242 W FI9100242 W FI 9100242W WO 9202981 A1 WO9202981 A1 WO 9202981A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
procedure
control unit
control
control signals
controlled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1991/000242
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tapio Marttinen
Pekka Raatikainen
Original Assignee
Smart Set Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smart Set Oy filed Critical Smart Set Oy
Publication of WO1992002981A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992002981A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
    • G08C23/06—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00019—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using optical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • H05B47/195—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission the transmission using visible or infrared light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a procedure for the con ⁇ trol of an electric device as defined in the introductory part of claim 1.
  • All the electrical devices in an intelligent building are connected to the control system.
  • the transmission of the control data to the device to be controlled can at present be realized e.g. by a solution in which the controlling device sends the control commands into a network, either a separate galvanic data network connecting all the devices or the electrical network.
  • Each device receives the com ⁇ mands and checks the device addresses contained in them to see if the command is addressed to the device in question.
  • Such a system requires a microprocessor-based logic in each device. Although microelectronics is a fast-developing area, it is not to be expected that such a logic will be cheap enough in near future to be used e.g. in the control ⁇ lers of individual lamps.
  • the capacity of the network constitutes a limit which will be reached at some stage, so this may restrict further variegation of the control actions. If the control commands are transmitted over the electric network, the electric conductors will carry an intermittent mains current which generates radio interference.
  • Fl-patent publication 79772 describes a system for control ⁇ ling the power of mainly resistive loads such as illumina ⁇ tors, electric heaters and the like, in which the loads are connected to wall sockets and contolled by signals trans ⁇ mitted via optic fibres connected to a common control unit.
  • the procedure referred to can be applied in the control of other types of appli ⁇ ances as well by selecting the control signal according to the type of device to be controlled, in the manner defined in the claims to follow.
  • the control signals are thyristor firing signals gener ⁇ ated in a control unit and fed via optic fibre into a con ⁇ troller inbuilt in a socket or a special adapter.
  • Devices distant-controlled by means of infrared signals can be supplied a control signal having the form of the distant controller's own the pulse train.
  • Devices designed with a view to control by the system can be controlled by serial data transfer in accordance with any conventional protocol.
  • the r.p.m. of an electric motor can be controlled by means of a frequency signal whose frequency determines the speed of rotation of the motor.
  • a step motor requires two pulse trains with a 90° phase shift between them. In this case, the control takes up the control connections of two normal devices. In the case of a motor rotating in one direction only, one of the pulse trains can be formed from the other. In both cases, the number and frequency of the pulses determine the span and speed of the movement controlled by the motor.
  • control can be effected by two states in which light is either present or absent in the fibre.
  • the control signal can also be coded so as to render it secret. This will be done if the system is to be used e.g. to close the cabins and drawers in an office, in which case the lock is pro ⁇ vided with electronics recognizing the code.
  • Fig. 1 presents a set of equipment applicable for imple ⁇ menting the procedure of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 presents another set of equipment applicable for implementing the procedure of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 presents a third set of equipment applicable for implementing the procedure of the invention.
  • Fig. 4. presents a plug, a connecting conductor and a device to be controlled.
  • Fig. 1 presents a set of equipment based on the system proposed in the above-mentioned Fl-publication 79772.
  • the equipment comprises a control unit, two optic cables 2 with an optic fibre inside, and a wall socket consisting of a socket body 3 and a cover 4. That part of the cover in which the plug is inserted is provided with a hole 5 for the end of the optic cable.
  • the control unit contains a controller part 6 based on a microprocessor M.
  • the control signals are fed via the optic fibre in the optic cable to the socket 5 cover.
  • the controller itself may be a thyris ⁇ tor or triac controller built inside the plug of e.g. an illuminator, the control signal being transmitted to the contr ,ler via the optic fibre.
  • the brightness of illumina ⁇ tion is controlled using phase angle control. However, this is not applicable in the control of e.g. electric heaters because of the large interference signals generated. There ⁇ fore, electric heaters are controlled using zero point con ⁇ trol. In other words, each device connected to the system needs a control signal suited for the particular device.
  • the plug 7, which is inserted into the socket, is provided with a light-sensitive element 8 placed directly opposite to the fibre end in the socket cover.
  • a light-sensitive element 8 placed directly opposite to the fibre end in the socket cover.
  • the dimmer elec ⁇ tronics for an illuminator is placed inside the plug.
  • the plug may accommodate inside it the circuitry for the generation of a device recognition code, to be de ⁇ scribed later on.
  • control unit which functions as a nodal unit which can be connect ⁇ ed to the central unit of the whole control system or to a higher node, is able to use software options to change the type of control signal supplied to each socket.
  • the con ⁇ troller part of the control unit may be a circuit card as shown in Fig. 1, having at its lower edge fibre optic con ⁇ nectors 9 for fibres connecting it to the socket covers etc.
  • control card has for each illuminator a phase-angle counter 10 whose setpoint is altered by the microprocessor (M) 11 when the brightness of illumination is changed, but when the device to be controlled is e.g. a motor, its control signal is supplied via the same connec ⁇ tors.
  • M microprocessor
  • the plug which houses e.g. the dimmer electronics, may also be an adapter 12 as illustrated in Fig. 2, connected between the load plug 13 and the socket.
  • control logic e.g. a circuit generating firing pulses, 18, its power amplifier 19, a fibre 2, a circuit to be controlled 20, e.g. a dimmer mounted in a plug, and its amplifier 21
  • control logic e.g. a circuit generating firing pulses, 18, its power amplifier 19, a fibre 2
  • a circuit to be controlled 20 e.g. a dimmer mounted in a plug, and its amplifier 21
  • such recognition can be achieved by providing the controller in the plug with a guided light transmitter, a LED 22, 23, instead of a light-sensitive phototransistor as proposed in Fl-publication 79772.
  • a forward current is passed through a LED, it emits light with a wavelength characteristic of the LED.
  • the LED can serve both as transmitter and as receiver.
  • a transmitter and a receiver integrated in the same housing, which can be applied to the same purpose.
  • This recognition circuitry which is placed in the plug of the connected device or in a case containing the control electronics, said case being mounted in conjunction with the plug, consists of a unit 24 gener ⁇ ating the recognition code and its amplifier 25, connected to the circuit to be controlled.
  • the coding in itself is performed using techniques known in the art. After the LED 23 functioning as a receiver, e.g. under phase angle con ⁇ trol, has received a firing pulse, the time interval before the next pulse normally equals one half-cycle.
  • the transmitting LED 22 in the nodal unit can be switched to reception and the arriving code can be analyzed by passing it via an amplifier 26 to the code recognition unit 27, which is connected to the microprocessor 11.
  • An arrangement whereby a high-power pulse is fed into a sensor and then the same sensor is switched to reception to pro ⁇ vide a signal of a considerably lower power is part of pre ⁇ viously known technology, used e.g. in ultrasonic radars.
  • the procedure of the invention is also capable of transmit ⁇ ting information about the condition of the device con ⁇ nected, indicating e.g. if the device is damaged, and it can be used to give simple commands to the system. For example, if an individual table lamp connected to the sys ⁇ tem is turned off by its power switch, the system will be unable to light it again, but if operating the lamp switch causes a coded extinguish request to be sent to the system, then the lamp will remain under system control.
  • control electronics can be fitted e.g. inside the plug or in a special adapter connected be ⁇ tween the socket and the plug.
  • this is not pos ⁇ sible in all cases, but the control signal must be passed into the case of the device 28 to be controlled, e.g. a CD player, as illustrated by Fig. 4.
  • it is pos ⁇ sible to convert the control signal into electrical form in an adapter 29 containing the logic generating the recogni ⁇ tion code and pass it via a conductor 31 separated from the power supply cable 30 or via an additional cord or optic fibre from the adapter to the device to be controlled.

Abstract

Procedure for controlling an electric device, in which procedure the device (28) is controlled by means of control signals generated in a separate control unit (1), and in which procedure the control signals are conducted at least through part of the way in the form of optic signals via an optic fibre (2) from the control unit (1) to the device (28). The manner in which the electric device is controlled can be selected so as to fit the device in question, either by means of a control command given manually or by means of a recognition signal transmitted by the device to be controlled, said recognition signal being transmitted to the control unit over the same optic fibre that is used to pass the control signals to the electric device.

Description

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL OF AN ELECTRIC DEVICE
The present invention relates to a procedure for the con¬ trol of an electric device as defined in the introductory part of claim 1.
All the electrical devices in an intelligent building are connected to the control system. The transmission of the control data to the device to be controlled can at present be realized e.g. by a solution in which the controlling device sends the control commands into a network, either a separate galvanic data network connecting all the devices or the electrical network. Each device receives the com¬ mands and checks the device addresses contained in them to see if the command is addressed to the device in question. Such a system requires a microprocessor-based logic in each device. Although microelectronics is a fast-developing area, it is not to be expected that such a logic will be cheap enough in near future to be used e.g. in the control¬ lers of individual lamps. Moreover, in these systems the capacity of the network constitutes a limit which will be reached at some stage, so this may restrict further variegation of the control actions. If the control commands are transmitted over the electric network, the electric conductors will carry an intermittent mains current which generates radio interference.
Fl-patent publication 79772 describes a system for control¬ ling the power of mainly resistive loads such as illumina¬ tors, electric heaters and the like, in which the loads are connected to wall sockets and contolled by signals trans¬ mitted via optic fibres connected to a common control unit. According to the present invention, the procedure referred to can be applied in the control of other types of appli¬ ances as well by selecting the control signal according to the type of device to be controlled, in the manner defined in the claims to follow. In the patent publication referred to, the control signals are thyristor firing signals gener¬ ated in a control unit and fed via optic fibre into a con¬ troller inbuilt in a socket or a special adapter.
The control possibilities presented in the patent publica¬ tion referred to can be considerably extended by using the procedure of the present invention:
Devices distant-controlled by means of infrared signals can be supplied a control signal having the form of the distant controller's own the pulse train. Devices designed with a view to control by the system can be controlled by serial data transfer in accordance with any conventional protocol. The r.p.m. of an electric motor can be controlled by means of a frequency signal whose frequency determines the speed of rotation of the motor. A step motor requires two pulse trains with a 90° phase shift between them. In this case, the control takes up the control connections of two normal devices. In the case of a motor rotating in one direction only, one of the pulse trains can be formed from the other. In both cases, the number and frequency of the pulses determine the span and speed of the movement controlled by the motor. For some devices, control can be effected by two states in which light is either present or absent in the fibre. If desirable for safety reasons, the control signal can also be coded so as to render it secret. This will be done if the system is to be used e.g. to close the cabins and drawers in an office, in which case the lock is pro¬ vided with electronics recognizing the code.
This variety of control possibilities covers practically all control needs in a building. In sound reproduction sys¬ tems it is possible to control all the functions controlled by normal distant controllers. The same applies to video recorders, in which, however, the control requirements are less demanding because the recordings have to be viewed in the same space. The system is also applicable in the con¬ trol of curtains and projectors in auditoriums.
In the following, the invention is described in detail by the aid of an example by referring to the drawings attached, in which
Fig. 1 presents a set of equipment applicable for imple¬ menting the procedure of the invention.
Fig. 2 presents another set of equipment applicable for implementing the procedure of the invention.
Fig. 3 presents a third set of equipment applicable for implementing the procedure of the invention.
Fig. 4. presents a plug, a connecting conductor and a device to be controlled.
Fig. 1 presents a set of equipment based on the system proposed in the above-mentioned Fl-publication 79772. The equipment comprises a control unit, two optic cables 2 with an optic fibre inside, and a wall socket consisting of a socket body 3 and a cover 4. That part of the cover in which the plug is inserted is provided with a hole 5 for the end of the optic cable. The control unit contains a controller part 6 based on a microprocessor M. The control signals are fed via the optic fibre in the optic cable to the socket 5 cover. The controller itself may be a thyris¬ tor or triac controller built inside the plug of e.g. an illuminator, the control signal being transmitted to the contr ,ler via the optic fibre. The brightness of illumina¬ tion is controlled using phase angle control. However, this is not applicable in the control of e.g. electric heaters because of the large interference signals generated. There¬ fore, electric heaters are controlled using zero point con¬ trol. In other words, each device connected to the system needs a control signal suited for the particular device.
The plug 7, which is inserted into the socket, is provided with a light-sensitive element 8 placed directly opposite to the fibre end in the socket cover. E.g. the dimmer elec¬ tronics for an illuminator is placed inside the plug. Simi¬ larly, the plug may accommodate inside it the circuitry for the generation of a device recognition code, to be de¬ scribed later on.
The type of device to be plugged into a socket is not known at the time of installation of the system, and the system must permit changes of position of the devices. At least the system has not too many sockets reserved for a certain type of device. According to the invention, the control unit, which functions as a nodal unit which can be connect¬ ed to the central unit of the whole control system or to a higher node, is able to use software options to change the type of control signal supplied to each socket. The con¬ troller part of the control unit may be a circuit card as shown in Fig. 1, having at its lower edge fibre optic con¬ nectors 9 for fibres connecting it to the socket covers etc. For example, the control card has for each illuminator a phase-angle counter 10 whose setpoint is altered by the microprocessor (M) 11 when the brightness of illumination is changed, but when the device to be controlled is e.g. a motor, its control signal is supplied via the same connec¬ tors.
The plug, which houses e.g. the dimmer electronics, may also be an adapter 12 as illustrated in Fig. 2, connected between the load plug 13 and the socket.
However, the nodal unit must always be informed as to the type of device connected to any given socket. This can be effected by means of control panels 14 or a control termi¬ nal 16 comprised in the system (Fig. 2), which are con- nected to the control unit with connection cords 15 or 17.
The functional capability of the system can be heightened by automatic recognition of device type. In a system like the one illustrated in Fig. 3, consisting of a microproces¬ sor 11, control logic, e.g. a circuit generating firing pulses, 18, its power amplifier 19, a fibre 2, a circuit to be controlled 20, e.g. a dimmer mounted in a plug, and its amplifier 21 , such recognition can be achieved by providing the controller in the plug with a guided light transmitter, a LED 22, 23, instead of a light-sensitive phototransistor as proposed in Fl-publication 79772. When a forward current is passed through a LED, it emits light with a wavelength characteristic of the LED. Another characteristic of the LED is that photoelectrons are released in it when it is exposed to light of a wavelength corresponding to that of the light emitted by the LED. Thus, the LED can serve both as transmitter and as receiver. There are also components with a transmitter and a receiver integrated in the same housing, which can be applied to the same purpose.
To enable recognition of the type of the connected device, it is necessary to add suitable electronics for supplying the recognition code. This recognition circuitry, which is placed in the plug of the connected device or in a case containing the control electronics, said case being mounted in conjunction with the plug, consists of a unit 24 gener¬ ating the recognition code and its amplifier 25, connected to the circuit to be controlled. The coding in itself is performed using techniques known in the art. After the LED 23 functioning as a receiver, e.g. under phase angle con¬ trol, has received a firing pulse, the time interval before the next pulse normally equals one half-cycle. During this time, the transmitting LED 22 in the nodal unit can be switched to reception and the arriving code can be analyzed by passing it via an amplifier 26 to the code recognition unit 27, which is connected to the microprocessor 11. An arrangement whereby a high-power pulse is fed into a sensor and then the same sensor is switched to reception to pro¬ vide a signal of a considerably lower power is part of pre¬ viously known technology, used e.g. in ultrasonic radars.
The procedure of the invention is also capable of transmit¬ ting information about the condition of the device con¬ nected, indicating e.g. if the device is damaged, and it can be used to give simple commands to the system. For example, if an individual table lamp connected to the sys¬ tem is turned off by its power switch, the system will be unable to light it again, but if operating the lamp switch causes a coded extinguish request to be sent to the system, then the lamp will remain under system control.
As mentioned above, the control electronics can be fitted e.g. inside the plug or in a special adapter connected be¬ tween the socket and the plug. However, this is not pos¬ sible in all cases, but the control signal must be passed into the case of the device 28 to be controlled, e.g. a CD player, as illustrated by Fig. 4. In this case, it is pos¬ sible to convert the control signal into electrical form in an adapter 29 containing the logic generating the recogni¬ tion code and pass it via a conductor 31 separated from the power supply cable 30 or via an additional cord or optic fibre from the adapter to the device to be controlled.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that different embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the ex¬ amples described above, but that they may instead be varied within the scope of the claims presented below.

Claims

1. Procedure for controlling an electric device, in which procedure the device (28) is controlled by means of control signals generated in a separate control unit (1), and in which procedure the control signals are conducted at least through part of the way in the form of optic signals via an optic fibre (2) from the control unit (1) to the device (28), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the manner in which the electric device is controlled can be selected so as to fit the device in question, either by means of a con¬ trol command given manually or by means of a recognition signal transmitted by the device to be controlled, said recognition signal being transmitted to the control unit over the same optic fibre that is used to pass the control signals to the electric device.
2. Procedure according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the control unit (1 ) functions as the central unit of the control system or as a nodal point connected to a higher nodal point.
3. Procedure according to claim 1 or 2, in which procedure the device is connected to the electric network by insert¬ ing its plug (7,12) or corresponding connector into a sock¬ et (3,4) or an equivalent coupling box, in which procedure the optic fibre (2) runs from the control unit (1) at least to the socket or equivalent, and in which procedure the control signals are transmitted and received by means of a photosensitive element provided in the control unit (1) and in the plug (7,12) or equivalent, in an adapter (29) con¬ nected to it or in the device (28), c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the same photosensitive element (23) which receives the control signals also transmits the device re¬ cognition code to the control unit (1), and the same photo¬ sensitive element (22) which transmits the control signals also receives the recognition code.
4. Procedure according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the photosensitive element consists of a guided light transmitter, a LED, and a guided light receiv¬ er, e.g. a photodiode, which are arranged so close to each other that the light emitted by the guided light transmit¬ ter falls directly onto the fibre and the light transmitted through the fibre falls directly enough on the guided light receiver to generate an electric signal of a strength suf¬ ficient for the reception of the code.
5. Procedure according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the control signals are passed from the plug or equivalent or the adapter (29) con¬ nected to it to the device (28) via a conductor or optic fibre separate from the power supply cable.
6. Procedure according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the device type is defined manually by means of a control unit (14,16) connected to the control system.
7. Procedure according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that, in addition to the device recognition data, the control unit (1) is supplied with data representing the condition of the device and/or the device can issue action requests to the nodal or central unit.
PCT/FI1991/000242 1990-08-10 1991-08-09 Procedure for the control of an electric device WO1992002981A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI903960 1990-08-10
FI903960A FI88835C (en) 1990-08-10 1990-08-10 Procedure for controlling an electrical appliance

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992002981A1 true WO1992002981A1 (en) 1992-02-20

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GB2288291A (en) * 1994-04-05 1995-10-11 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
WO1996000459A1 (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Zumtobel Licht Gmbh Control system for several distributed consumers and process for setting said control system into operation
US5637933A (en) * 1994-04-05 1997-06-10 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
EP0833425A2 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Communication system for a power supply network
US5953818A (en) * 1995-09-14 1999-09-21 Johns Manville International, Inc. Method of kerfing insulation boards and duct liners and the like formed from said boards
EP1335485A1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-08-13 Metabowerke GmbH Hand operated or semi portable electrical tool apparatus
EP2329638A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2011-06-08 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for connecting ac powered switches, current sensors and control devices via two way ir, fiber optic and light guide cables
EP2499526A2 (en) * 2009-11-11 2012-09-19 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for coupling optical signal with packaged circuits via optical cables and lightguide couplers
EP2548416A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2013-01-23 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for propagating optical signals along with power feed to illuminators and electrical appliances

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GB2275145A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-08-17 Linde Ag Optical control of automotive electric motor
GB2288291B (en) * 1994-04-05 1998-06-10 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
GB2288291A (en) * 1994-04-05 1995-10-11 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
US5637933A (en) * 1994-04-05 1997-06-10 Smiths Industries Plc Electrical systems and connectors
WO1996000459A1 (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Zumtobel Licht Gmbh Control system for several distributed consumers and process for setting said control system into operation
AU684647B2 (en) * 1994-06-24 1997-12-18 Zumtobel Licht Gmbh Control system for several distributed consumers and process for setting said control system into operation
US5953818A (en) * 1995-09-14 1999-09-21 Johns Manville International, Inc. Method of kerfing insulation boards and duct liners and the like formed from said boards
EP0833425A3 (en) * 1996-09-30 1999-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Communication system for a power supply network
EP0833425A2 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Communication system for a power supply network
US6222853B1 (en) * 1996-09-30 2001-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Communication system for a line network
EP1335485A1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2003-08-13 Metabowerke GmbH Hand operated or semi portable electrical tool apparatus
EP2329638A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2011-06-08 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for connecting ac powered switches, current sensors and control devices via two way ir, fiber optic and light guide cables
CN102165758A (en) * 2008-09-24 2011-08-24 埃尔贝克斯视象株式会社 Method and apparatus for connecting AC powered switches, current sensors and control devices via two way IR, fiber optic and light guide cables
EP2329638A4 (en) * 2008-09-24 2012-08-15 Elbex Video Ltd Method and apparatus for connecting ac powered switches, current sensors and control devices via two way ir, fiber optic and light guide cables
CN102165758B (en) * 2008-09-24 2014-12-10 埃尔贝克斯视象株式会社 Method and apparatus for connecting AC powered switches, current sensors and control devices via two way IR, fiber optic and light guide cables
EP2499526A2 (en) * 2009-11-11 2012-09-19 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for coupling optical signal with packaged circuits via optical cables and lightguide couplers
EP2499526A4 (en) * 2009-11-11 2013-05-29 Elbex Video Ltd Method and apparatus for coupling optical signal with packaged circuits via optical cables and lightguide couplers
EP2548416A1 (en) * 2010-03-17 2013-01-23 Elbex Video Ltd. Method and apparatus for propagating optical signals along with power feed to illuminators and electrical appliances
EP2548416A4 (en) * 2010-03-17 2014-03-12 Elbex Video Ltd Method and apparatus for propagating optical signals along with power feed to illuminators and electrical appliances

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FI903960A0 (en) 1990-08-10
FI88835B (en) 1993-03-31
FI903960A (en) 1992-02-11
FI88835C (en) 1993-07-12

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