WO1991013961A1

WO1991013961A1 - Foaming tenside preparations

Info

Publication number: WO1991013961A1
Application number: PCT/EP1991/000401
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reinhard Müller; Karlheinz Hill; Iduna Matzik; Karl Giede
Original assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
Priority date: 1990-03-12
Filing date: 1991-03-04
Publication date: 1991-09-19
Also published as: EP0519944A1; JPH05505832A; DE4007755A1

Abstract

Aqueous tenside preparations with excellent foaming qualities contain a synergistic combination of (A) an alkylglycoside of formula R1?-(G)x?, where R1? is a linear alkyl group with 8 to 22 C atoms and (G)1? is a glycoside or oligoside unit with a degree of oligomerization x = 1 to 4 and (B) at least one anionic co-tenside from the group consisting of oleic acid sulphonates (B1), C16?-C22? alkyl or alkylpolyoxyethylhydroxysulphonates (B2) or hydroxy mixed ethersulphates (B3) of general formula (I). These tenside preparations contain preferably 1 - 50 wt.% of the tenside combination and are particularly suitable for manufacturing washing and cleaning agents, in particular for personal hygiene.

Description

"Foaming surfactant preparations"

The invention relates to aqueous surfactant preparations containing alkylglycosides and anionic cosurfactants which have a particularly pronounced foaming behavior.

The foaming power is a very important quality feature for many applications of aqueous surfactant preparations. In particular, liquid detergents and cleaning agents for manual use and for body cleaning should form a pronounced voluminous, fine-bubble foam that is resistant to dirt and grease in the washing solution and to water hardness.

Alkyl glycosides are only moderately foaming surfactants. Among the numerous anionic surfactants there are also those which show only unsatisfactory foaming in aqueous preparations. It was therefore surprising that combinations of alkylglycosides and anion foaming agents which are not very foaming show a foaming development which is higher than that of the individual components.

EP 70074 A2 has already disclosed foaming surfactant compositions containing alkyl glycosides and co-surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate or carboxylate surfactant type. As co-surfactants, only the already highly foaming alkylbenzenesulfonates, soaps, alkyl and olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates are disclosed. Combinations of alkyl glycosides and di-alkyl sulfosuccinates are described in EP 280143, which are characterized by high foam stability under fat loads. It has now been found that very good foaming aqueous surfactant preparations are obtained by combining alkyl glycosides with relatively low-foaming anionic surfactants.

The invention relates to aqueous foaming Tensidzuberei¬ obligations with a content of alkyl glycosides and anionic co-Ten¬ Šiden which χ is a combination of (A) an alkyl glycoside of formula R (G), nd ^{he R1 e->} ^ne linear alkyl group having 8 22 C atoms and (G) _{x is} a glycoside or oligoglycoside residue with a degree of oligomerization x = 1-4 and (B) at least one anionic cosurfactant from the group of oleic acid sulfonates (B1), the C15-C22- Alkyl or alkyl polyoxyethyl hydroxysulfonates (B2) or the hydroxy mixed ether sulfates (B3) of the general formula R2-CH- (0S03M) -CHR ³ - (0C _n H2n) χ-0R ⁴ , wherein R2 and R ³ contain hydrogen or linear alkyl groups with 1 to 16 carbon atoms are _r but together (R ² + R ³ ) have at least 6 carbon atoms, R ^{4 is} a saturated alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms, M is an alkali metal, ammonium, Is mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium ion with 2-4 C atoms in the alkanol group or is a magnesium ion, n = 2 or 3 and x = 0 or 1-12 is t.

Alkyl glycosides have long been known as surface-active substances, which are accessible from sugars and aliphatic, primary alcohols with 8 - 22 C atoms under acetalization. Preferred sugar components (glycoses) are glucose, but also fructose, mammose, galactose, talose, gulose, allose, old rose, idose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribose and mixtures thereof.

Preferred because of the easy accessibility and the good application properties are the acetalization products of glucose with fatty alcohols which, for. B. are available from natural fats and oils by known methods, especially with linear, primary, saturated and unsaturated alcohols with 8 - 22 carbon atoms. Alkyl glycosides, their preparation and their use as surface-active substances are known, for example, from US-A-3,839,318, US-A-3,707,535, US-A-3,547,828, DE-A-19 43 689, DE-A-20 36 472, DE-A -30 01 064 and EP-A-77 167 known. Regarding the glycoside residue (G) _x , both monoglycosides (x = 1), in which a sugar residue is glycosidically linked to the fatty alcohol, and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization x of 2-4 are suitable. As a rule, mixtures of mono- and oligoglycosides are present. Alkyl glycosides R GJX in which R * is an alkyl group with 12-16 C atoms and (G) _{x are} the rest of a mixture of glucoside and oligoglucoside with an average degree of oligomerization of 1-15 are particularly suitable.

Oleic acid sulfonates (B1) are obtained by reacting technical oleic acid fractions with gaseous sulfur trioxide, e.g. B. prepared by the method described in GB-C-1 278421. An improved process for the continuous sulfonation of technical oleic acid is described in German patent application P 29 36 344. The sulfonates are converted into the alkali metal, ammonium, mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts or into the magnesium salt by neutralization with aqueous bases.

Ci2-C22 ~ Al yl and alkyl polyoxyethyl hydroxysulfonates (B2) are according to DE 37 25030 AI from technical oleyl alcohol or from unsaturated fatty alcohol fractions, which predominantly consist of oleyl, palmitoleole, linoleyl, gadoleyl and / or Erucyl alcohol exist or their ethylene oxide addition products are produced by esterification with C2-C5-carboxylic acids and sulfonation with sulfur trioxide. Another process for the production is given in DE 33 31 513. Thereafter, lower alkyl ethers of oleyl alcohol or unsaturated

or sulfonated from their ethylene oxide addition products with sulfur trioxide. The sulfonation products are neutralized with aqueous bases, e.g. B. with alkali hydroxide, converted into the salts. Hydroxy mixed ether sulfates (B3) of the general formula R ² -CH (0S03M) - CHR ³ - (0C _n H2n) χ-0R ⁴ are obtained by a process specified in the German patent application DE 37 23 354 AI by reaction of olefin epoxides of the formula R. ² -CH-CH-R ³

\ /

0

with alkoxylates of the formula R ⁴ -0- (C _n H2 _n 0) _x -H, where R2 ₍ R3 ₍ R4 _{. n} and x have the meaning given above), to give hydroxyalyl polyglycol ethers of the formula R ² -CH (0H) -CHR3- (0C _Π H _2n ) χ-0R ⁴ and SuDatie¬ tion of these compounds with, for example, chlorosulfonic acid or gaseous sulfur trioxide .. The obtained sulfuric acid half esters are with aqueous bases, for example with aqueous solutions of Alkali hydroxides, ammonia, mono-, di- or trialkanolamines with 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkanol group, neutralized and in this way converted into the salts.

The co-surfactants (B) mentioned are relatively weakly foaming surface-active substances. Nevertheless, mixtures with alkyl glycosides are satisfactory. Foaming behavior that exceeds the foaming power of the individual components.

Preferred surfactant preparations according to the invention are those in which the alkyl glycosides (A) and the anionic cosurfactant (B) in a ratio of (A): (B) = 1: 9 to 9: 1 and in a total concentration of (A) + (B) = 1 to 50 wt .-% are included. Surfactant preparations according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the combination of alkyl glycoside and co-surfactant is contained in a total amount (A + B) of 1 to 20% by weight. The co-surfactant (B) is preferably contained in the form of an alkali salt or a magnesium salt. Among the alkali salts, the sodium salts are particularly recommended. This is shown by the co-surfactants mentioned - o -

Oleic acid sulfonate (B1) has the clearest synergistic effect in the surfactant preparations according to the invention.

The foaming surfactant preparations of the present invention are suitable for numerous applications in technology and in the home, where, in addition to good washing and wetting properties, high foaming performance and good foam stability are important, e.g. B. as a mild detergent, manual dishwashing detergent, as a liquid body detergent, foam and shower bath preparation, hair shampoo, as a textile and carpet foam cleaner, for foaming gypsum and cement moldings, for foaming latex dispersions, for producing Foams for fire fighting, dust binding, borehole treatment, foam flotation and other technical foams.

However, the surfactant preparations according to the invention are particularly preferably suitable for producing liquid detergents and cleaners, in particular for personal cleansing.

It is clear that the surfactant preparations according to the invention can contain further components in order to optimize them for the abovementioned applications. So z. B. Preparations for body cleansing contain further, moisturizing, skin-softening or hair-care additives and fragrances. Compositions with a low total surfactant content often lack the viscosity required for convenient use and distribution of the products on the skin or hair. It has been shown that the preparations according to the invention already have a noticeably higher viscosity due to the content of alkyl glycoside. This can then be done by adding water-soluble salts, e.g. B. of chlorides or sulfates of sodium, potassium or magnesium. This property is not itself with the co-surfactants mentioned Pronounced, so that this increase in thickenability of the co-surfactants (B) to be used according to the invention by combination with alkylglycosides (A) is one of the unexpected advantageous properties of the surfactant preparations according to the invention.

The following examples are intended to explain the subject matter of the invention in more detail, without restricting it to them:

B e i s p i e l e

1. Foaming behavior of surfactant preparations according to the invention:

1.1 Measurement method: determination of whipped foam

A foam determination was carried out analogously to the blow foam determination method according to DIN 53902. 340 ml of a 2% surfactant solution (2% by weight of active substance in tap water of 18 ° dH at 20 ° C.) were passed through 10 strokes of approx. 13 cm stroke length with a perforated plate with 1 mm holes in a 1 1 measuring cylinder foamed at a stroke rate of 50 per minute. The amount of foam was given as the relative amount of foam compared to a standard solution with a high foaming effect which was also foamed in each test series. The standard solution is a 2% solution of a surfactant mixture containing 1.25% by weight of a fatty alcohol C12 / 14 diglycol ether sulfate, Na salt, 0.35% by weight of a coconut acylaminopropyl dimethylglycinate and 0.4 Wt .-% Laurinsäurediethanolarnid. The foam amount of this surfactant mixture was 235 ml after 1 minute standing time, 205 ml after 3 minutes standing time and 185 ml after 5 minutes standing time. These foam amounts were set to 100% and the foam amounts of the test mixtures were given in% of these values.

1.2 Test substances

(APG) alkyl (Ci2 / i4) oligoglucoside, average degree of oligomerization: 1.4

(0SSN) oil acid sulfonate di-sodium salt (manufactured according to DE 3926 344 AI from technical oleic acid from olive oil) (OPHS) oleyl polyoxyethyl (10 EO) hydroxysulfonate, Na salts (according to DE 37 25030), example 4.2

(HMES) hydroxy mixed ether sulfate, Na salt (according to DE 37 23354) of the formula Cχo H2i-CH-CH2- (0 CH2-CH2) 4-0CsHi7

0S03 Well

All test substances were dissolved in water and adjusted to a surfactant content of 2% by weight. To measure the foaming behavior, the test substance solutions were mixed in the mixing ratio given in the table.

Claims

1. Foaming aqueous surfactant preparations containing alkylglycosides and anionic cosurfactants, characterized in that they are a combination of

(A) an alkylglycoside of the formula Rl- (G) x in which Rl is a linear alkyl group with 8-22 C atoms and (G) _{x is} a glycoside or oligoglycoside residue with a degree of oligomerization x = 1-4

(B) at least one anionic co-surfactant from the group of

- oleic acid sulfonates (Bl), the

- Ci6-C22 alkyl or alkyl polyoxyethyl hydroxysulfonates (B2) or

- Hydroxy mixed ether sulfates (B3) of the general formula R ² -CH (0S03M) -CHR3- (0C _n H2n) χ-0R ⁴ , wherein, R ² and R ³ are hydrogen or linear alkyl groups with 1-16 C atoms are, but together (R ² + R ³ ) have at least 6 C atoms, R ^{4 is} a saturated alkyl group with 1 - 22 C atoms, M is an alkali metal, ammonium, mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium ion with 2 - 4 C -Atoms in the alkanol group or a magnesium ion, π = 2 or 3 and x = 0 or 1-12 is contained.

2. Surfactant preparations according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkyl glycosides (A) and the anionischeπ co-surfactants (B) in a ratio of (A): (B) = 1: 9 to 9: 1 and in a total amount of (A) + (B) = 1 - 50 wt .-% are included.

3. surfactant preparations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the combination of alkyl glycoside (A) and co-surfactant (B) is contained in a total amount of 1 - 20 wt.%.

4. Surfactant preparation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the alkyl glycoside (A) R - * - an alkyl group with 12-16 carbon atoms and (G) _x the rest of a glucoside and oligoglucoside mixture with an average degree of oligomerization of 1-1.5.

5. surfactant preparations according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the co-surfactant (B) is contained in the form of an alkali salt or magnesium salt.

6. Surfactant preparation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an oleic acid sulfonate (Bl) is contained as co-surfactant (B).

7. Use of foaming surfactant preparations according to one of claims 1 to 5 for the production of liquid detergents and cleaners, in particular for body cleansing.