WO1990009576A1 - A method for detecting optical phase changes during biosensor operation, biosensing apparatus and a biosensor adapted for use in the same - Google Patents
A method for detecting optical phase changes during biosensor operation, biosensing apparatus and a biosensor adapted for use in the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990009576A1 WO1990009576A1 PCT/GB1990/000119 GB9000119W WO9009576A1 WO 1990009576 A1 WO1990009576 A1 WO 1990009576A1 GB 9000119 W GB9000119 W GB 9000119W WO 9009576 A1 WO9009576 A1 WO 9009576A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensitized
- light
- stripes
- coating layer
- assay species
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4788—Diffraction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N2021/752—Devices comprising reaction zones
Definitions
- the present invention concerns improvements in or relating to the construction and utilisation of optical biosensors, in particular resonant optical biosensors.
- Such biosensors include a sensitized coating layer which is located in the evanescent region of a resonant field. Interaction between the sensitized coating layer and the assay species to which it is sensitized results in a change in the thickness of the coating layer. This change is made manifest as a change in the optical phase of a resonant signal.
- a metallic layer or metallised grating is interposed between the sensitized coating layer and a light coupling body.
- the sensitized coating lies in the evanescent region of an optical frequency electron resonance field.
- the sensitized coating layer is provided as an integral part of a monitored resonant cavity.
- Light is coupled into and out of the resonant cavity by means of prism coupling and either a thin low refractive index layer or a multi-layer dielectric mirror formed as an integral part of the mirror resonant cavity.
- prism coupling is replaced by a grating.
- a resonant optical biosensor 1 similar to that described in the second of the references, UK Patent Application No. 2174802, is depicted in Figure 1 of the drawings.
- This biosensor 1 includes a mirrored resonant cavity 3 which is abutted to an open ended fluid sample container 5.
- Light from a light source S is coupled into the resonant cavity 3 by means of a prism 10 of relatively high refractive index n 0 .
- This prism 10 also serves to couple light from the resonant cavity 3 to a light detector D.
- One mirror of the resonant cavity 3 is provided by a relatively low refractive index ni layer 11, of thickness ti.
- the body 12 of the cavity is of relatively high refractive index n 2 and of thickness t 2 - Light coupling is by frustrated total internal reflection (the mirror layer 11 is thin).
- the other mirror of the resonant cavity 3 is provided by a relatively low refractive index n 3 layer 13, of thickness t3.
- This layer 13 is uniformly thick and is sensitized in its entirety to a given assay species. As shown, this sensitized coating layer 13 is exposed to a fluid sample 14, of refractive index n 4 and thickness t-j..
- the effect of assay species present in the fluid sample is to provide a incremental change ⁇ t 3 in the thickness t3 of the sensitized coating layer 13 as the species is absorbed on this layer 13. This has the result of changing signal phase and shifting the resonance.
- the biosensor response is shown in Figure 2.
- the relative phase of the detected signal is depicted as a function of the elevation angle ⁇ of source S and detector D.
- Curves (a) to (c) show the different responses obtained when the changes ⁇ t 3 of layer thickness t3 are zero, +5nm, and +10nm respectively.
- the change ⁇ t 3 in layer thickness t 3 is discernible as a change in phase ⁇ .
- the present invention is intended as a solution to the problem aforesaid. It is an objective to provide phase related measurements that are appreciably insensitive to changes of ambient temperature and the like.
- a method for detecting optical phase changes during biosensor operation comprising the following steps: providing a resonant optical biosensor in which a coating layer thereof is in part sensitized to at least one given assay species and is patterned for causing light diffraction; exposing the patterned sensitized coating layer to a fluid sample; directing light from an extended light source towards, and resonantly coupling the same to, the patterned sensitized coating layer; collecting and focussing light diffracted from the patterned sensitized coating layer onto a light detector, defining thus a diffraction field in the plane of the light detector; and, scanning the light detector relative to the diffraction field to measure the same and thereby detect or quantify said at least one given assay species when such is present in the fluid sample.
- That part of the coating layer that is sensitized is not optically distinguished from the remainder part of the coating layer. In these circumstances, no diffraction field is discernible.
- this species is attracted to the layer and results in an increase in thickness in that part of the coating layer that is sensitized. Localised shift in phase, light interference and diffraction are the result. The presence of a measurable diffraction field is thus an indicator of the detection of a given assay species.
- the quantity of the given assay species present in the fluid sample may be determined from an analysis of the diffraction field measurements.
- first order diffraction spot position and size or position and intensity.
- the latter is preferred as being less sensitive to surface imperfection.
- the method aforesaid may be extended to allow the detection and quantification of one or both of two different assay species present in the fluid sample.
- Useful information can be extracted from measurement and comparison of the position and " intensity of first and higher order diffraction spots, as will be discussed hereinafter.
- the diffraction field is not significantly altered by changes in biosensor geometry. It is primarily determined by the configuration and thickness profile of the coating layer.
- biosensing apparatus suitable for performing the method aforesaid, this apparatus comprising: a resonant optical biosensor in which a coating layer thereof is in part sensitized to at least one given assay species and is patterned for causing light diffraction; an extended light source; collimating means arranged to direct light from the extended light source onto the resonant coupled optical biosensor; a light detector; light focussing means arranged to direct light diffracted from the patterned sensitized coating onto the light detector thereby to define a diffraction field in the plane of the detector; and, scanning means arranged to scan the light detector relaljve to this diffraction field.
- the diffraction field may, be scanned mechanically.
- the light detector may consist * of a linear array of detecting elements aligned in elevation, and the light source and light detector may be moved each in a transverse direction ' to effect a scan in azimuth.
- a light source consisting in a linear array of light emitting diodes also aligned in elevation.
- the field may be scanned electronically.
- the light detector and the light source may each consist in a two- dimensional array of elements, which elements are switched column to effect a scan in azimuth.
- a resonant optical biosensor including a coating layer, wherein this coating layer is in part sensitized to at least one assay species and is patterned for causing light diffraction.
- the coating layer aforesaid may be in part sensitized to a single given assay species.
- the coating layer may be sensitized and patterned with a set of longitudinally extending stripes, alternate stripes thereof being sensitized to the single given assay species.
- the coating layer aforesaid may be in part sensitized to two or more different assay species.
- the coating layer thus may have a first part sensitized to a first assay species, a second part sensitized to a second assay species, and a remainder third part.
- the coating layer may be sensitized with adjacent sets of first, second and third longitudinally extending stripes in which the first and second stripes are sensitized to the first and second assay species respectively and in which the first and second stripes are of different width.
- Figure 1 is a cross-section drawing of biosensing apparatus including a biosensor of known construction
- Figure 2 is a graph in which the phase of a detected signal in the apparatus of Figure 1 preceding is shown as a function of the elevation angle subtended by both source and detector for different values of layer thickness;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of biosensing apparatus in which the sensitized coating layer of the biosensor has been modified in accord with the present invention
- Figure 4 is a plan view of a modified sensitized coating layer, a variant of that shown in the preceding figure.
- Figures 5 and 6 are diffraction spot patterns obtained using the apparatus of Figure 3 in which the coating layer is as provided and as modified as shown in Figure 4, respectively. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- the reson&nt optical biosensor 1 has been modified by substituting an alternative coating layer 13' for the uniformly sensitized coating layer 13 described above.
- the area of the substituted layer 13' is sensitized in part only. It serves as a means of imposing diffraction in the detected light field.
- a convenient form of sensitized pattern is, illustrated in which the area of the substituted layer 13' is divided into a series of longitudinally extending stripes, stripes 15 corresponding to a part of the layer material that is sensitized to the given assay species, and stripes 17 (alternate with the stripes 15) corresponding to the remainder part of the layer material which is not so sensitized and serves to act as a localised phase reference.
- the patterned layer 13' may be formed from a sensitized material in which that part corresponding to the reference stripes 17 is desensitized selectively.
- the biosensor is illuminated by a divergent beam produced using a collimating lens 19 and an extended light source S'.
- the light source S' extends a significant distance in elevation to produce an appreciable beam divergence ⁇ .
- Light emerging from the biosensor is collected by a telescopic sight 20 and is focussed onto a light detector D' located at the focal plane.
- the stripes 15 of sensitized material increase in thickness and become optically distinguishable from the reference stripes 17.
- Optical interference results and a diffraction pattern becomes discernible at the focal plane of the telescopic sight 20. This is shown in Figure 5 where for clarity the zero order and first order diffraction spots only are shown.
- the detailed structure of the diffraction pattern is dictated by the stripe geometry and is dependant upon the relative thickness of the sensitized and reference stripes 15 and 17.
- the diffraction pattern is measured by scanning the detector D' in azimuth ⁇ across the diffraction field. Intensity and azimuth data is collected and used for quantitative analysis. More complex detection and analysis may be performed by simple modification of the biosensor described.
- the coating layer is provided with a first part that is sensitized to a first assay species, a second part that is sensitized to a second array species, and a third remainder part.
- the area of the coating layer 13" is, in this instance, partitioned by repeating sets of three longitudinally extending stripes 21, 22, 23.
- the first of these stripes, stripe 21, is sensitized to the first assay species.
- the second of these stripes, stripe 22, is sensitized to the second assay species.
- the remainder stripe 23 has no such sensitization and provides a , reference.
- the sensitized stripes 21 and 22 are of different widths. In the illustration, stripes 22 are the wider.
- n is the order of the outlier (1, 2 etc); w is the width of the corresponding stripe, and W is the spatial repeat period. It is noted that spots of the same order to the left and to the right of the diffraction pattern are of equal intensity.
- both stripes 21 and 22 will be active. However the diffraction pattern resulting is distinguishable from the foregoing in that spots of the same order to the left and to the right of the diffraction pattern will no longer be of equal intensity. An exception to this rule arises in the event that both stripes 21 and 22 result in equal phase shift.
- the diffraction pattern is distinguishable from the diffractions patterns for either the first or second assay species, because of the different geometry of the effective layer pattern.
- Data collected for intensity and angular position can be used in numeric analysis (deconvolution) to provide quantitative information.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB898902803A GB8902803D0 (en) | 1989-02-08 | 1989-02-08 | A method for detecting optical phase changes during biosensor operation,biosensing apparatus and a biosensor adapted for use in the same |
GB8902803.9 | 1989-02-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990009576A1 true WO1990009576A1 (en) | 1990-08-23 |
Family
ID=10651323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1990/000119 WO1990009576A1 (en) | 1989-02-08 | 1990-01-29 | A method for detecting optical phase changes during biosensor operation, biosensing apparatus and a biosensor adapted for use in the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0408722A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03503806A (en) |
GB (1) | GB8902803D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990009576A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995001554A1 (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-01-12 | First Medical, Inc. | Solid-phase binding assay system and method for interferometrically measuring analytes bound to an active receptor |
EP1221051A2 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-07-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity, high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
EP1754968A2 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 2007-02-21 | Smart Holograms Limited | Hologram used as a sensor |
US7384797B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2008-06-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
US7999942B2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2011-08-16 | Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. | Surface plasmon resonance sensor |
US9518288B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2016-12-13 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Methods and compositions related to quantitative, array based methylation analysis |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7314749B2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2008-01-01 | Axela Biosensors Inc. | Method and apparatus for assay based on light diffraction |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984002578A1 (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-07-05 | Comtech Res Unit | Assay technique |
US4487839A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1984-12-11 | Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc. | Immunoassay methods employing patterns for the detection of soluble and cell surface antigens |
US4537861A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-08-27 | Elings Virgil B | Apparatus and method for homogeneous immunoassay |
EP0194132A2 (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-10 | Murex Corporation | Imaging immunoassay detection system and method |
US4647544A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1987-03-03 | Nicoli David F | Immunoassay using optical interference detection |
GB2197068A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-05-11 | Stc Plc | Optical sensor device |
EP0276968A2 (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-03 | Adeza Biomedical Corporation | Diffraction immunoassay and reagents |
-
1989
- 1989-02-08 GB GB898902803A patent/GB8902803D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-01-29 WO PCT/GB1990/000119 patent/WO1990009576A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-29 EP EP90902654A patent/EP0408722A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-01-29 JP JP2502989A patent/JPH03503806A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1984002578A1 (en) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-07-05 | Comtech Res Unit | Assay technique |
US4487839A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1984-12-11 | Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc. | Immunoassay methods employing patterns for the detection of soluble and cell surface antigens |
US4537861A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1985-08-27 | Elings Virgil B | Apparatus and method for homogeneous immunoassay |
US4647544A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1987-03-03 | Nicoli David F | Immunoassay using optical interference detection |
EP0194132A2 (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-10 | Murex Corporation | Imaging immunoassay detection system and method |
GB2197068A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-05-11 | Stc Plc | Optical sensor device |
EP0276968A2 (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-03 | Adeza Biomedical Corporation | Diffraction immunoassay and reagents |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995001554A1 (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-01-12 | First Medical, Inc. | Solid-phase binding assay system and method for interferometrically measuring analytes bound to an active receptor |
US5413939A (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1995-05-09 | First Medical, Inc. | Solid-phase binding assay system for interferometrically measuring analytes bound to an active receptor |
EP1754968A2 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 2007-02-21 | Smart Holograms Limited | Hologram used as a sensor |
EP1221051A2 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-07-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity, high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
EP1221051A4 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2003-03-05 | Univ Utah Res Found | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity, high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
US7384797B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2008-06-10 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Resonant optical cavities for high-sensitivity high-throughput biological sensors and methods |
US7999942B2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2011-08-16 | Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. | Surface plasmon resonance sensor |
US8111400B2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2012-02-07 | Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. | Surface plasmon resonance sensor |
US8363223B2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2013-01-29 | Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. | Surface plasmon resonance sensor |
US8743369B2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2014-06-03 | Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. | Surface plasmon resonance sensor |
US9518288B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2016-12-13 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Methods and compositions related to quantitative, array based methylation analysis |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH03503806A (en) | 1991-08-22 |
GB8902803D0 (en) | 1989-03-30 |
EP0408722A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
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