WO1989007401A1

WO1989007401A1 - Rotary drier control by adjustment of air flow or air humidity

Info

Publication number: WO1989007401A1
Application number: PCT/GB1989/000145
Authority: WO
Inventors: Derek G. Bird; Anthony S. Westlake
Original assignee: Gbe International Plc
Priority date: 1988-02-13
Filing date: 1989-02-13
Publication date: 1989-08-24
Also published as: EP0357745B1; EP0357745A1; JPH02503267A; GB8803380D0; US4984374A

Abstract

The invention provides a rotary cut tobacco drier, comprising a heated rotary drier chamber (10) having one or more inclined paddles arranged to lift and then drop material therein to be dried as the chamber rotates, means (12, 11) for supplying heated air from a heater (13) to one end of the chamber, and means (15) for extracting it from an opposite end of the chamber, said supply and extraction means being arranged so that there is a substantially constant flow of air between them; in which means is provided to control the humidity of the air entering or in the chamber, an increase in humidity decreasing the rate of drying in the chamber.

Description

ROTARY DRIER CONTROL BY ADJUSTMENT OF AIR FLOW OR AIR HUMIDITY

This invention concerns the control of a rotary cut tobacco drier, of the single cylinder type described in our UK Patent No. 1,209,929 or the double cylinder type described in our UK Patent No. 1.345,373. In particular the invention is concerned with the short term or fast response control of such driers, in which it is necessary to achieve a constant moisture content in tobacco leaving the outlet from the drier, while compensating for variation in the moisture content in tobacco fed to the drier.

Rotary cylindrical driers have on their inside a number of longitudinal paddles which first lift and then drop the material being dried. The axis of the cylinder is slightly inclined to the horizontal so that the material progresses down the cylinder each time it is dropped and will typically take 3 to 6 minu tes to progress through the cylinder.

Both the cylinder and paddles are of tubular construction and heated by steam or high pressure hot water to provide the heat for drying. Alternatively in another form of single cylinder construction the cylinder is heated on the outside by flue gases from a gas or oil flame.

In either case the rate of response of the cylinder and paddles to changes in temperature is relatively slow due to the thermal capacity of the cylinder and paddles. Air is also passed through the cylinder either in the same direction as the tobacco flow or in the opposite direction. The prime purpose of such air flow is to carry away the evaporated moisture, but in addition, if the air is heated, some small additional drying action may be achieved.

It is normal to measure the flow rate of the tobacco entering the drier by a weighing conveyor and its moisture content by means of a continuous moisture meter, and from these measurements to make a prediction of the cylinder temperature required to achieve desired output moisture content in the tobacco i.e. a feed forward control.

Further because the dwell time within the cylinder can be 3 to 6 minutes and because of the thermal capacity of the cylinder, it cannot respond readily to varying flow rate or moisture content. So input variations or inaccurate predictions can result in output errors sensed by an output moisture meter, which take 5 minutes or more to correct by alteration of cylinder temperature i.e. a feed back control.

To reduce this delay the air temperature can be raised to provide some quicker acting feed back control, particularly if the air flow is contra flow. However to be ef-fective the air has to be at least as hot as the cylinder, and because the thermal capacity of the air is small the amount of adjustment is small. The effect is confined to the tobacco about to be discharged, so that the standard deviation of the moisture content can be doubled. Alternatively the air flow rate can be varied to provide some quick-acting feed back control. The main driving force for drying is the heat transfer from cylinder and paddles to the tobacco, which is dependent on the temperature difference between cylinder and tobacco. The cylinder temperature is determined by the heat supply and can be controlled to a fixed level. The tobacco temperature is comparable with a wet bulb temperature determined by the humidity of the air in the drier, in which the vapour pressure of the moisture at the surface of the tobacco exceeds the vapour pressure of the air. A reduction in air flow through the drier results in an increase in air humidity, so the tobacco increases in temperature to increase its vapour pressure and to maintain the evaporation. The rise in tobacco temperature is a reduction in temperature difference from the cylinder and a reduction in moisture removal. It is preferable if the air flow is in-line with and in the same direction as the tobacco flow so that the highest humidity is at the delivery end, but a contra-flow arrangement may be used in some circumstances. The air flow through a drier is normally arranged on a push pull system; that is a fan is used to blow air into the drier, via an air heater if required, and a further fan is used to extract the air and pass it to a cyclone or filter dust separator. In this way the drier can be arranged to be substantially at atmospheric pressure, so that the inlet and outlet do not need to be fully sealed. The tobacco inlet to the drier is usually better sealed than the tobacco outlet, so the two air flows are balanced by adjusting the exhaust until there is no escape of air and dust at the tobacco outlet but only a very slight suction.

If the inlet air flow rate is being automatically adjusted by a damper to control the drier then the balance must be made automatically. This necessitates a very sensitive and difficult measurement of suction pressure in the delivery hood of less than .01" WG (.25 mm). It also means that the exhaust air is being adjusted away from the optimum for conveying the dust and the optimum for efficient operation of a cyclone dust separator.

Our Patent No. 1,209,929 describes how a fixed amount of air from the inlet fan is passed through one section of an air heater and then by means of bypass ducts is blown direct into the discharge hood where it mixes with air which has passed through the drier to prevent condensation of moisture from the latter. This is known as booster air. The main amount of air from the inlet fan is adjustably divided into two parts, one passing through the heater and the other part by passing the heater. The two parts are then combined to pass through the drier.

By adjusting the division the temperature of the combined air can be altered. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved arrangement for the control of the drying operation in such driers.

Accordingly the present invention provides a rotary cut tobacco drier, comprising a heated rotary drier chamber having one or more inclined paddles arranged to lift and then drop material therein to be dried as the chamber rotates, means for supplying heated air from a heater to one end of the chamber, and means for extracting it from an opposite end of the chamber, said supply and extraction means being arranged so that there is a substantially constant flow of air between them; in which means is provided to control the humidity of the air entering or in the chamber, an increase in humidity decreasing the rate of drying in the chamber. In order to provide a fuller understanding of the above and other aspects of the invention, some embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention in schematic outline, Figure 2 shows a similar view of a second embodiment of the invention, and

Figure 3 shows a similar view of a third embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 shows, in schematic outline, a first embodiment of the invention.

The drier shown comprises a rotary drier chamber 10 arranged per se generally as is conventional for such driers with an inclined axis and tobacco moving upwards from right to left through the chamber. The chamber 10 is provided with an air inlet to which air is supplied by means of a blower 12 through a heater 13 and a duct 14. The chamber 10 is also provided with an air outlet 15 through which air is extracted from the chamber by means of an exhaust fan (not shown) to pass to a cyclone duct separator (not shown).

The heater 13 has its outlet divided into two parts 13A and 13B; the first 13A of which is connected to the duct 14, while the second 13B of which is connected to a duct 16, by way of a duct 17, and thence to the outlet end of the chamber by way of a second inlet 18. Thus air from the outlet part 13B of the heater passes more or less straight to the exhaust fan and forms the so called boost air. The part of the heater 13 which is associated with the outlet part 13A, has an associated bypass 19 flow through which is controlled a movable flap 20 to vary the. heating of the air leaving the outlet part 13A in known manner per se.

After a division of the main amount of air in the heater 13 for temperature control the air is combined in a duct 21 and then divided a second time between the ducts 14 and 16, so that a first part passes through the duct 14 to the drier and a second part passes through the duct 16 to the outlet end of the chamber thus to the exhaust 15, where it combines again with the first part and the booster air. In this way the air flow through the drier chamber 10 can be altered without effecting the total air flow or the balance.

The air flow through the duct 14 to the drier chamber is adjusted by a pivoted damper flap 22 in the junction between the ducts 14 and 16. This produces a non-linear relationship between air flow and damper angle, large angles of change from fully open on either side producing only small changes of flow until the damper is nearly closed.

Thus the rate of flow through the chamber of the heated drying air from the duct 14 may be controlled by the damper flap 22 in response to the humidity of the tobacco, entering or leaving the chamber 10, by means of sensors not shown. If lesser drying is required, the air flow is reduced with the result that the humidity of the air in the chamber 10 is increased and thus the temperature of the tobacco therein is increased with a resultant decrease in the drying effect. In this way a simple system for varing air flow through the drier, without the need for a very sensitive pressure measurement, and without varying the overall air flow through the system from the optimum, may be provided.

A computer (not shown) is used to control the drying process, and from stored data and program can predict the degree of air flow change required to correct the measured error. It is therefore necessary that the air flow can be set predictably. This is best achieved by having a linear relationship between the air flow the and the adjusting means 22. In a second embodiment of the invention shown in

Figure 2, a system for varying the air flow through the drier with a linear relationship between movement of the damper flap and air flow rate, is provided. In Figure 2 the boost air is omitted, but otherwise parts having a similar function to those of Figure 1 are given the same reference numbers.

To maintain a constant total air flow the total air resistance of the inlet air path must be constant. The path through the chamber 10 is of low air resistance and the path through the duct 16 should be made similarly low by using a large duct. The rest of the inlet system should be of high resistance so that differences in the two paths are not significant. This is best achieved by reducing the cross-section of the duct 21 locally at the divider to give an air velocity of 8,000 fpm or more. This will provide a local high resistance preferably in the form of a square cross-section orifice 23 at the point of division. As the damper flap 22 moves across the orifice 23 it will divide the flow according to the area either side of the flap 22, that is linearly with movement while the total flow will be constant.

For greater accuracy the air flow in the duct 14 to the chamber can be measured by flow transducer (not shown) of the differential pressure or turbine type and the signal used to control the damper flap 22 to give a set flow rate through the duct 14.

A further embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 3, and again where parts have a similar function to those of Figure 1, they are given the same reference numbers. In the previous embodiments the effect of reducing the air flow is to increase the humidity of the air in the chamber 10 which in turn raises the temperature of the tobacco and reduces the temperature difference for heat transfer. The same result is achieved in this embodiment by maintaining a constant air flow and altering the humidity by the introduction of steam, or finely dispersed water droplets, into the air duct 14 or direct into the chamber 10, preferably at the delivery end, the air in the duct 14 having been heated to above saturation temperature.

This is shown in the embodiment of Figure 3, where the entire output of the heater outlet part 13A is directed to the duct 15 without division as in the previous embodiments, while only the booster air from the heater outlet 13B is directed to the duct 16.

The amount of steam to be admitted to the duct 14 or the chamber 10 can be controlled by computer 27 or alternatively the humidity can be measured by a transducer 24 and controlled by the computer 27 through a control valve 25 from a supply 26.

Claims

CLAIMS:-

1. A rotary cut tobacco drier, comprising a heated rotary drier chamber (10) having one or more inclined paddles arranged to lift and then drop material therein to be dried as the chamber rotates, means (12,11) for supplying heated air from a heater (13) to one end of the chamber, and means (15) for extracting it from an opposite end of the chamber, said supply and extraction means being arranged so that there is a substantially constant flow of air between them; in which means is provided to control the humidity of the air entering or in the chamber, an increase in humidity decreasing the rate of drying in the chamber.

2. A drier as claimed in claim 1, in which the said humidity of said air entering the chamber is controlled by adjustably dividing the flow of air from said heater between said one end of the chamber and said opposite end of the camber by means of a flow divider (22), thus to control the rate of flow through the chamber while not altering the total flow of air.

3. A drier as claimed in claim 2, wherein said flow divider comprises a pivoted damper flap (22) arranged in the air supply from said heater(13).

4. A drier as claimed in claim 3, wherein said flow divider includes a rectangular cross-section orifice (23) and said damper flap is arranged to pivot across the orifice to divide the flow in a substantially linear relationship to its movement across the orifice.

5. A drier as claimed in claim 4, wherein said orifice (23) is formed as a restriction in the flow from the heater to the flow divider.

6. A drier as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein booster (17) air from said heater (13) is directed directly to said opposite end of the drier chamber.

7. A drier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidity of the said air entering or in the drier chamber

(10 is controlled by injecting steam (24, 25, 27) into the air which has previously been heated in the heater (13) to above saturation temperature.