WO1989002289A1 - Method for inhaling a dissolved substance and inhaler for implementing such method - Google Patents

Method for inhaling a dissolved substance and inhaler for implementing such method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1989002289A1
WO1989002289A1 PCT/CH1988/000158 CH8800158W WO8902289A1 WO 1989002289 A1 WO1989002289 A1 WO 1989002289A1 CH 8800158 W CH8800158 W CH 8800158W WO 8902289 A1 WO8902289 A1 WO 8902289A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inhaler
partition
tube
enclosure
piston
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1988/000158
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henri Siegenthaler
Original Assignee
Henri Siegenthaler
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henri Siegenthaler filed Critical Henri Siegenthaler
Publication of WO1989002289A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989002289A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/003Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using capsules, e.g. to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/0033Details of the piercing or cutting means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04Liquids
    • A61M2202/0468Liquids non-physiological
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/06Solids
    • A61M2202/064Powder

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a process for inhaling a substance which is intended to act on the functions of the human body and which is dissolved in a liquid enclosed in a sealed envelope.
  • the invention also relates to an inhaler for implementing this method.
  • Aerosol bombs which contain a solution of the substance in question.
  • the action of these bombs has the effect of atomizing the solution in which the active substance is in the molecular state.
  • a similar known process is carried out using an apparatus.
  • motor reil which also produces an atomization of an active substance solution, but under lower pressure, so that this substance reaches the pulmonary alveoli.
  • the device in question is large and expensive, however. In addition, it can only be used at the patient's home. If the latter experiences a crisis during a displacement, he is completely destitute.
  • This device essentially consists of a tube equipped with a mechanism intended to open a capsule containing the substance to be inhaled. This is incorporated in a powder, which the device diffuses and which can penetrate into the bronchi "by oral suction. This device however cannot atomize a solution. It thus presents disadvantages. First of all, several active substances cannot be incorporated into powders. In addition, the absorption of powders in the respiratory tract is less effective than that of the substances in solution. Finally, the aspiration of a powder can cause irritation. tion often accompanied by cough, with expectoration of the powder.
  • the invention aims to create an inhalation process free of the aforementioned faults, which can be implemented using an inhaler which the patient can easily carry with him, use anywhere and that repeatedly.
  • This process applies to active substance solutions which are contained both in oval envelopes and in those in the form of a vial, these two presentations being those currently encountered on the. market .
  • the method according to the invention consists in passing the contents of such an envelope through a medium which is soaked in it by dividing it finely and in producing a current of air through this medium by simple oral aspiration, to extract a cloud of fine droplets charged with the active substance.
  • This process has the advantage of making this substance penetrate in molecular form into the respiratory tract, even into the pulmonary alveoli, at the natural rhythm of the patient's inspirations. From there, it can, if necessary, pass into the blood by osmosis.
  • the patient does not need to replace a device; it only needs to be supplied with capsules or vials, which are easily transportable and in which the active substance is protected.
  • the opening of the envelope containing the active substance solution can be done by hand, in the case of vials, -or be carried out in accordance with claim 2, both for the vials and for the oval capsules .
  • the method according to the invention is easily implemented using the inhaler defined by claim 3, which the patient can carry with him anywhere and use an unspecified number of times.
  • the inhaler is limited to the organs defined by this claim, it is perfectly suitable for vial-shaped envelopes which the patient opens by hand and then pours into the inhaler enclosure, above the reservoir. . As soon as the solution has passed through it, the inhaler is ready for use. "
  • the removable tank has the advantage of allowing the patient to replace it after a few uses, a break of a few days or when changing the active substance.
  • the patient may replace only the medium contained in the reser ⁇ see instead of replacing the latter.
  • Those defined by claim 8 facilitate the placement of the capsules as well as the replacement of the reservoir or of the medium which it contains.
  • Those defined by claim 9 have the advantage of guiding the piston so as to ensure a smooth sliding while imprisoning it in the corresponding end part of the envelope of the inhaler, the other end part of the latter can be mouthed so as to pass the entire flow of inspiration from the patient through the inhaler while ensuring a natural flow of this flow.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the first form of execution.
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view of an envelope of a solution of an active substance, such as is found on the market and which is intended to be used with the inhaler according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the envelope of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a section of the second embodiment, similar to that of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a section through the third embodiment, similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • Fig. 6 is an elevational view from the right of FIG. 5 of a member of this FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of the member of FIG. 6.
  • the inhaler according to the first embodiment has a tubular enclosure 1, which comprises two parts 2, 3, made preferably of rigid plastic material.
  • a cylindrical recess 4 is arranged in the lower part of the part 2.
  • the side wall 5 of the recess 4 is internally lined with a metal jacket 6, which has an internal thread.
  • the jacket 6 is rigidly fixed to the part 2.
  • the part 3 also has a recess 7 in its upper part and the side wall 8 of this recess 7 is also furnished with a metal jacket 9, rigidly fixed to the part 3.
  • the shirt 9 projects beyond the latter and its projecting part is threaded so as to allow the attachment of the part 3 to the part 2 by screwing.
  • Fig. 1 shows that in this position, the wall 5 partially fits around the wall 8.
  • a metal ring 10 protects the end of the wall 5.
  • the reservoir 11 is composed of one. socket 12 with flat bottom 13 and a cover 14, also flat.
  • the cover 14 rests on the edge of the socket 12. -it has a lip 15, which fits into this socket 12.
  • the bottom 13 and the cover 14 of the reservoir 11 are perforated by a set of perforations, respectively 16, 17
  • the reservoir 11 contains a medium 18 capable of being soaked with liquid and of dividing it finely.
  • This medium 18 can be cotton or synthetic wadding, glass wool or a cellulosic compound.
  • the part of the part 3, located below the reservoir 11, constitutes a mouthpiece 19 of oval section, around which the lips of the patients can close completely.
  • the inhaler of FIG. 1 has a central channel 20 which passes through the reservoir 11.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are filled with a solution of active substance.
  • the actual envelope of this solution has the form of a flask with a cylindrical body 22 and generally frustoconical neck 23, which is molded in - S - a flat frame 24, of the same material.
  • a transverse groove 25 is formed through the frame 24. The thinning of the latter produced by the groove 25 makes it possible to detach the upper part 26 of the frame 24 by breaking, in the folding relative to the rest of the frame 24. This operation is easily carried out by hand. It has the effect of opening the vial (22, 23). The latter is then emptied by turning it over the orifice of the channel 20, in part 2 and possibly crushing it between the fingers.
  • the second embodiment of the inhaler according to the invention (Fig. 4) is slightly more elaborate than the first. It is intended to be used with the same type of envelopes as the first form of execution.
  • the components of this second embodiment, which correspond to those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference signs.
  • This second embodiment differs from the first first of all by the fact that the inlet of the central channel 20 through the part 2 has a frustoconical part 27.
  • this part 27 follows the joint central part 28 of the cover 14, which thus extends inside the reservoir 11.
  • the inclination of the parts 27 and 28 corresponds to that of the neck 23 of the envelopes 21.
  • a diametrical slot 29 is still made in part 2 and the cover 14. Its width and its length correspond respectively to the thickness and to the width of the frame 24 of the envelope 21. The latter can therefore be introduced into the inhaler so that the end of the neck 23 arrives at the inner end of the central part 28 of the cover 14.
  • the central part 28 carries, finally, two sharp blades 30, which project from its internal wall 31.
  • the blades 30 cut the neck 23 of the vial (22, 23). The solution it contains can thus escape from it. It then infiltrates into the medium 18 contained in the reservoir 11, passing through perforations 32 of the central part 28 of the cover 14.
  • the flask (22, 23) is empty, the envelope 21 is withdrawn from the inhaler, which is ready for use in the same manner and under the same conditions as that of the first embodiment.
  • the third embodiment of the inhaler according to the invention (Fig. 5 to 7) is specifically intended for use with oval envelopes forming capsules.
  • This inhaler is housed in a box 33 in three parts 34, 35 f 36 arranged end to end and preferably made of rigid plastic.
  • the central part 35 is internally lined with a metal sleeve 37, which is rigidly attached to it.
  • the sleeve 37 has threaded parts 38, 39 which extend beyond the two ends of the part 35 of the enclosure 33.
  • a tube 40 slides freely, but practically without play, in the sleeve 37. Between its ends, the tube 40 carries a transverse partition 41, which is perforated by a set of perforations 42.
  • a diametrical slot 43 is still formed in partition 41.
  • a prisoner 44 carried by the sleeve 37 and plunging into an axial groove 45 of the tube 40 keeps the latter inside the sleeve 37, and this, in a precise orientation, in particular as regards the angular position of the slot 43 around the axis of the inhaler.
  • a first thrust spring 46 acts on the tube 40.
  • the extreme part 34 of the enclosure 33 is internally lined with a jacket 47, one part of which has an internal thread 48 engaging the threaded part 38 of the sleeve 37.
  • the jacket 47 is rigidly fixed to the part 34 of the enclosure 33.
  • a piston 49 is mounted in this part 34. It slides li- snugly, but without play, in the tube 40 and it has a flange 50 sliding in the jacket 47. It is trapped axially in the part 34 of the enclosure 33 by a ring 51 fixed to the end of this part 34.
  • a second thrust spring 52 bearing on the tube 40, normally maintains the flange 50 of the piston 49 in abutment against the rod 51.
  • the piston 49 also has an axial bore 53 and a groove 54, in which is housed a lining seal 55.
  • the other extreme part 36 of the enclosure 33 forms a mouth of oval section at its end. It has a cylindrical housing 56, the side wall 57 of which is lined with a metal jacket 58, rigidly fixed to this part 36.
  • the jacket 58 like the jacket 47, also has an internal thread 59, which engages on the part 39 of the sleeve 37.
  • a cylindrical tank 60 is placed freely in the housing 56.
  • the réser ⁇ voir 60 is also composed of a cap 61 with a flat bottom 62, perforated by perforations 63 and a flat cover 64, also perforated by perforations 65.
  • the cover 64 is fitted therein by engaging a notch 64a, formed at the periphery of the cover 64, on a slot 67a extending above the edge of the p " aroi la ⁇ téral 67 of the cap 61. In this way, the cover 64 occupies a well-defined angular position with respect to the cap 61. Perfo ⁇ rations 66 are also formed in the side wall 67 of the cap 61.
  • the reservoir 60 is filled with the same medium 18 as the reservoirs 11 of the first two embodiments.
  • a prisoner 68 carried by the sleeve 37 and plunging into a notch 69 of a flange 61a of the cap 61 of the tank 60, orients this cap and therefore the cover 64 precisely with respect to the sleeve 37, therefore also with respect to to the tube 40 and to the slot 43 of the partition 41.
  • Fig. 5 shows that the part 40a of the tube 40 slides not only in the sleeve 37, but also around the reservoir 60, the spring 46 being housed between these last two components and bearing on the flange 61a of the cap 61.
  • This same Figure also shows that the prisoner 44, thanks to the length of the groove 45, allows the tube 40 to. slide against the action of the spring 46 until the partition 41 rests on the cover 64 of the tank 60, the turns of the spring 46 being then tackled on top of each other.
  • the inhaler according to this third embodiment comprises, at the end, a sharp blade 70 (see also Fig. 6 and 7).
  • the end of the blade 70 is cut in a triangle and bevelled so as to form two sharp and sharp edges 71.
  • the blade 70 came from manufacture in a piece with a bar 72, the ends of which are fixed diametrically to a ring 73, which has a nose 74 projecting from its internal edge.
  • the width of the blade 70 is slightly less than the diameter of the bore 53 of the piston 49.
  • the cover 64 of the reservoir 60 has a peripheral recess 75, in which the ring 73 takes place, its nose 74 engaging in a notch 76 of the side wall of the recess 75, of. so as to precisely orient the ring 73 relative to the cover 64.
  • orientations described with respect to the sleeve 37, on the one hand, of the tube 40 and the diametral slot 43 of its partition 41, and, on the other hand, of the cap 61, of the cover 64 relative to this cap and of the ring 73 and consequently of the blade 70 with respect to the cover 64 are in particular chosen so that the blade 70 is exactly opposite the slot 43 and enters it, when the tube 40 is moved in the direction of. tank 60.
  • the part 34 is unscrewed from the enclosure 33.
  • its upper turn can be anchored to it, either by engagement in a groove of the piston, or by gluing to the flange 50, or even by coating in this flange. If necessary, means could be provided to prevent the piston 49 from leaving the part 34 of the enclosure 33, when this part 34 is unscrewed.
  • a capsule 77 containing a solution of active substance is then deposited in the receptacle constituted by the partition 41 and the part 40b of the tube 40 extending above this partition 41.
  • This receptacle is, in fact, made accessible by the unscrewing described of the part 34 of the enclosure 33.
  • the part 34 is then replaced, then the piston 49 is pushed fully against the action of the springs 52 and 46. At first, this push brings the piston 49 in contact with the capsule 77, which closes' the hole 53, so as to prevent a backflow of liquid through this hole.
  • the latter pushes the capsule 77 against the partition 41, then causes the tube 40 to smooth in the sleeve 37 and around the reservoir 60, against the action of the spring 46, so as finally to bring the partition 41 in contact with the cover 64 of the tank 60.
  • the blade 70 gradually arises above the partition 41; it comes into contact with the capsule 77 and ends up incising it.
  • the piston 49 crushes, at the end, the capsule 77 against the partition 41, which empties this capsule.
  • the blade 70 naturally enters the bore 53 of the latter.
  • the liquid that the capsule 77 contained then passes through the perforations 42, 65 and enters the reservoir 60 where the medium 18 is soaked.
  • the solvent can be, depending on the nature of the active substance, for example distilled water, alcohol, glycerin, physiological saline.
  • the active substances in solution they are known to doctors and can be prescribed by them. They can consist of a drug acting directly on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, but also on the cells, tissues and organs of the respiratory tract. They are, for example, anti-asthma and anti-bronchial drugs, which dilate the caliber of the bronchi or decrease their reactivity. quickly or regulate bronchial secretions or have these different properties in combination.
  • the active substances used can also be medicaments which act directly on the secretions of the respiratory organs, making them more fluid and allowing better expectoration.
  • medicaments or drugs can still be used, which are absorbed by the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, pass into the blood and act on other organs such as for example the heart, the endocrine glands, etc.
  • drugs such as blood vessel dilators, hormones, etc.
  • the administration of the latter type of active substance has the advantage of sparing the digestive tract and avoiding bites.

Abstract

The method for inhaling a substance which is intended to act on the functions of the human body and which is dissolved in a liquid held in a sealed envelope comprises the following steps: unscrewing the part (34) from the housing (33) of the inhaler with the jacket (47), the piston (49) and the spring (52); placing a capsule (77) containing a solution of active substance into the receptacle (40a, 41); replacing the part (34) with the piston (49); pressing the piston deeply. The blade (70) cuts the capsule (77). The medium (18) (cotton wool, glass wool, cellulose) contained in the tank (60) is soaked with the liquid. Then, the user puts the piece (36) of the housing (33) into the mouth and inspirates deeply several consecutive times. The air flow produced by these inspirations through the bore (53) of the piston (49), the tube (40), the perforations (42, 65) and the medium (18) causes the extraction from the latter, through the perforations (56), of a mist of fine droplets of the solution laden with the active substance in molecular condition.

Description

PROCEDE D'INHALATION D'UNE SUBSTANCE EN SOLUTION ET INHALATEUR POUR LA MISE.EN OEUVRE DE CE PROCEDE PROCESS FOR INHALING A SUBSTANCE IN SOLUTION AND INHALER FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS
L'objet de l'invention est un procédé d'inhalation d'une substance qui est destinée à agir sur les fonctions du corps humain et qui est dis¬ soute dans un liquide enfermé dans une enveloppe étanche . L'invention a aussi pour objet un inhalateur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé .The object of the invention is a process for inhaling a substance which is intended to act on the functions of the human body and which is dissolved in a liquid enclosed in a sealed envelope. The invention also relates to an inhaler for implementing this method.
Il existe différents procédés et appareils pour faire absorber une telle substance à un patient par inhalation . On connaît ainsi des bombes aérosols qui contiennent une solution de la substance en question . L'ac- tionnement de ces bombes a pour effet d'atomiser la solution dans laquel- le la substance active se trouve à l'état moléculaire .There are various methods and apparatuses for causing such a substance to be absorbed by a patient by inhalation. Aerosol bombs are thus known which contain a solution of the substance in question. The action of these bombs has the effect of atomizing the solution in which the active substance is in the molecular state.
Ce procédé présente cependant des inconvénients majeurs . Tout d'abord , le jet issu de la bombe asperge la cavité buccale où la substan¬ ce active est inopérante . Ensuite , beaucoup de patients ont , sous l'effet de la pression du jet de la bombe , un réflexe produisant une contraction du larynx, si bien que la substance active parvient au mieux à l'entrée de la trachée-artère, mais n'atteint pas les bronches . Il arrive aussi que l'impact du jet de la bombe sur les muqueuses produise une excitation faisant tousser le patient , qui expulse de ce fait une bonne partie de la substance émise par la bombe . Ce procédé exige notamment ' du patient une coordination de l'actionnement de la bombe et de l'inspiration . Or , certains ne parviennent pas à la réaliser . Enfin , lorsque la bombe est vide , il faut en acheter une autre.However, this process has major drawbacks. First of all, the spray coming from the bomb sprinkles the oral cavity where the active substance is ineffective. Then, many patients have, under the effect of the pressure of the jet of the bomb, a reflex producing a contraction of the larynx, so that the active substance reaches at best the entry of the windpipe, but does not not reach the bronchi. It also happens that the impact of the spray of the bomb on the mucous membranes produces an excitement causing the patient to cough, which expels a large part of the substance emitted by the bomb. This process requires particular of the patient coordination of actuation of the spray and the inspiration. However, some fail to achieve it. Finally, when the bomb is empty, you have to buy another one.
Un procédé connu similaire est mis en oeuvre à l' aide d'un appa- reil à moteur , qui produit aussi une atomisation d'une solution de subs¬ tance active , mais sous plus faible pression , si bien que cette substance parvient jusqu'aux alvéoles pulmonaires . L'appareil en question est ce¬ pendant volumineux et coûteux . De plus , il n'est utilisable qu'au domicile du patient. Si ce dernier subit une crise au cours d'un déplacement , il est entièrement démuni.A similar known process is carried out using an apparatus. motor reil, which also produces an atomization of an active substance solution, but under lower pressure, so that this substance reaches the pulmonary alveoli. The device in question is large and expensive, however. In addition, it can only be used at the patient's home. If the latter experiences a crisis during a displacement, he is completely destitute.
On connaît aussi un appareil très simple , que le patient peut por¬ ter sur lui. Cet appareil est composé essentiellement d'un tube équipé d'un mécanisme destiné à ouvrir une capsule contenant la substance à inhaler . Celle-ci est incorporée à une poudre , que l'appareil diffuse et qui peut pénétrer dans les bronches" par aspiration orale . Cet appareil ne peut toutefois pas atomiser une solution . Il présente ainsi des désa- vantages . Tout d'abord , plusieurs substances actives ne peuvent pas ê- tre incorporées à des poudres . En outre , la résorption des poudres au niveau des voies respiratoires se fait moins bien que celle des substances en solution . Enfin , l'aspiration d'une poudre peut provoquer une irrita¬ tion souven.t accompagnée de toux , avec expectoration de la poudre.There is also known a very simple device, which the patient can carry on him. This device essentially consists of a tube equipped with a mechanism intended to open a capsule containing the substance to be inhaled. This is incorporated in a powder, which the device diffuses and which can penetrate into the bronchi "by oral suction. This device however cannot atomize a solution. It thus presents disadvantages. First of all, several active substances cannot be incorporated into powders. In addition, the absorption of powders in the respiratory tract is less effective than that of the substances in solution. Finally, the aspiration of a powder can cause irritation. tion often accompanied by cough, with expectoration of the powder.
L'invention vise à créer un procédé d'inhalation exempt des dé¬ fauts susmentionnés , qui puisse être mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'un inhala¬ teur que le patient peut aisément porter sur lui , utiliser n'importe où et cela à réitérées reprises . Ce procédé s'applique aux solutions de subs¬ tance active qui sont contenues aussi bien dans des enveloppes ovales que dans celles en forme de fiole , ces deux présentations étant celles rencontrées actuellement sur le. marché .The invention aims to create an inhalation process free of the aforementioned faults, which can be implemented using an inhaler which the patient can easily carry with him, use anywhere and that repeatedly. This process applies to active substance solutions which are contained both in oval envelopes and in those in the form of a vial, these two presentations being those currently encountered on the. market .
Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à faire passer le contenu d'une telle enveloppe dans un milieu qui s'en imbibe en le divisant fine- ment et à produire un courant d'air à travers ce milieu par simple aspi¬ ration orale, pour en extraire un nuage de fines gouttelettes chargées de la substance active. Ce procédé a ainsi l'avantage de faire pénétrer cette substance sous forme moléculaire dans les voies respiratoires , jusque dans les alvéoles pulmonaires , au rythme naturel des inspirations du pa- tient. De là , elle peut , le cas échéant , passer dans le sang par osmose . Le patient n'a pas besoin de remplacer un appareil; il lui suffit d'être approvisionné en capsules ou en fioles , qui sont aisément transportables et dans lesquelles la substance active est à l' abri. L'ouverture de l'enveloppe contenant la solution de substance ac¬ tive peut se faire à la main , dans le cas des fioles, -ou être réalisée con¬ formément à la revendication 2 , aussi bien pour les fioles que pour les capsules ovales .The method according to the invention consists in passing the contents of such an envelope through a medium which is soaked in it by dividing it finely and in producing a current of air through this medium by simple oral aspiration, to extract a cloud of fine droplets charged with the active substance. This process has the advantage of making this substance penetrate in molecular form into the respiratory tract, even into the pulmonary alveoli, at the natural rhythm of the patient's inspirations. From there, it can, if necessary, pass into the blood by osmosis. The patient does not need to replace a device; it only needs to be supplied with capsules or vials, which are easily transportable and in which the active substance is protected. The opening of the envelope containing the active substance solution can be done by hand, in the case of vials, -or be carried out in accordance with claim 2, both for the vials and for the oval capsules .
Le procédé selon l'invention est facilement mis en oeuvre à l'aide de l'inhalateur défini par la revendication 3 , que le patient peut trans¬ porter avec lui en tout lieu et utiliser un nombre indéterminé de fois .The method according to the invention is easily implemented using the inhaler defined by claim 3, which the patient can carry with him anywhere and use an unspecified number of times.
Si l'inhalateur est limité aux organes définis par cette revendica¬ tion , il convient parfaitement aux enveloppes en forme de fiole que le patient ouvre à la main et déverse ensuite dans l'enceinte de l'inhala¬ teur , au-dessus du réservoir . Aussitôt que la solution a passé dans ce dernier , l'inhalateur est prêt à l'emploi . » If the inhaler is limited to the organs defined by this claim, it is perfectly suitable for vial-shaped envelopes which the patient opens by hand and then pours into the inhaler enclosure, above the reservoir. . As soon as the solution has passed through it, the inhaler is ready for use. "
L' amovibilité du réservoir a l' avantage de permettre au patient de le remplacer après quelques usages , une pause de quelques jours ou lors d'un changement e substance active .The removable tank has the advantage of allowing the patient to replace it after a few uses, a break of a few days or when changing the active substance.
Les formes spéciales d'exécution définies par la revendication 4The special forms of execution defined by claim 4
' comprennent un réservoir de forme particulièrement avantageuse . De plus , le patient peut ne remplacer que le milieu contenu dans le réser¬ voir au lieu de remplacer ce dernier . ' include a tank of particularly advantageous shape. In addition, the patient may replace only the medium contained in the reser¬ see instead of replacing the latter.
Celles définies par la revendication 5 facilitent la libération du réservoir .Those defined by claim 5 facilitate the release of the reservoir.
Quant à celles définies par la revendication 6 , elles dispensent le patient d'ouvrir lui-même l'enveloppe contenant la solution de substance active , au risque de produire intempestivement une éjection de cette so¬ lution en dehors de l'inhalateur.As for those defined by claim 6, they exempt the patient from opening the envelope containing the active substance solution himself, at the risk of inadvertently producing an ejection of this solution outside the inhaler.
Les formes spéciales d'exécution définies par la revendication 7 sont destinées spécifiquement aux capsules ovales .The special embodiments defined by claim 7 are intended specifically for oval capsules.
Celles définies par la revendication 8 facilitent aussi bien la mise en place des capsules que le remplacement du réservoir ou du milieu qu'il contient. Celles définies par la revendication 9 ont l'avantage de guider le piston de manière à en assurer un glissement doux tout en l'emprison¬ nant dans la partie extrême correspondante de l'enveloppe de l'inhala¬ teur , l'autre partie extrême de cette dernière pouvant être embouchée de façon à faire passer tout le flux de l'inspiration du patient à travers l'inhalateur en assurant néanmoins un débit naturel de ce flux .Those defined by claim 8 facilitate the placement of the capsules as well as the replacement of the reservoir or of the medium which it contains. Those defined by claim 9 have the advantage of guiding the piston so as to ensure a smooth sliding while imprisoning it in the corresponding end part of the envelope of the inhaler, the other end part of the latter can be mouthed so as to pass the entire flow of inspiration from the patient through the inhaler while ensuring a natural flow of this flow.
Quant à celles définies par la revendication 10 , elles concernent des détails de l'inhalateur qui en simplifient aussi bien la fabrication que l'utilisation .As for those defined by claim 10, they relate to details of the inhaler which simplify both the manufacture and the use thereof.
Enfin , celles définies par la revendication 11 assurent automati¬ quement un montage correct de l'inhalateur.Finally, those defined by claim 11 automatically ensure correct mounting of the inhaler.
Trois formes d'exécution de l'inhalateur selon l'invention sont re¬ présentées schématiquement et à simple titre d'exemple au dessin . Chacu¬ ne d'elles illustre aussi un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.Three embodiments of the inhaler according to the invention are shown schematically and simply by way of example in the drawing. Each of them also illustrates an example of implementation of the method according to the invention.
La Fig . 1 est une coupe longitudinale de la première forme d'exé¬ cution .Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the first form of execution.
La Fig . 2 est une vue en élévation d'une enveloppe de solution d'une substance active , telle qu'on en trouve sur le marché et qui est destinée à être utilisée avec l'inhalateur selon la forme d'exécution de la Fig . 1.Fig. 2 is an elevational view of an envelope of a solution of an active substance, such as is found on the market and which is intended to be used with the inhaler according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.
La Fig . 3 est une vue de profil de l'enveloppe de la Fig . 2.Fig. 3 is a side view of the envelope of FIG. 2.
La Fig . 4 est une coupe de la deuxième forme d'exécution , sem¬ blable à celle de la Fig . 1.Fig. 4 is a section of the second embodiment, similar to that of FIG. 1.
La Fig . 5 est une coupe de la troisième forme d'exécution , sem¬ blable à celles des Fig . 1 et 4.Fig. 5 is a section through the third embodiment, similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 4.
La Fig . 6 est une vue en élévation depuis la droite de la Fig . 5 d'un organe de cette Fig . 5 .Fig. 6 is an elevational view from the right of FIG. 5 of a member of this FIG. 5.
La Fig . 7 est une vue en plan de l'organe de la Fig . 6 . L'inhalateur selon la première forme d'exécution (Fig . 1 ) présente une enceinte tubulaire 1 , qui comprend deux pièces 2 , 3 , faites de pré¬ férence en matière plastique rigide . Un évidement cylindrique 4 est amé¬ nagé dans la partie inférieure de la pièce 2. La paroi latérale 5 de l'évi- dément 4 est garnie intérieurement d'une chemise métallique 6 , qui pré¬ sente un filet interne . La chemise 6 est fixée rigidement à la pièce 2 .Fig. 7 is a plan view of the member of FIG. 6. The inhaler according to the first embodiment (Fig. 1) has a tubular enclosure 1, which comprises two parts 2, 3, made preferably of rigid plastic material. A cylindrical recess 4 is arranged in the lower part of the part 2. The side wall 5 of the recess 4 is internally lined with a metal jacket 6, which has an internal thread. The jacket 6 is rigidly fixed to the part 2.
La pièce 3 présente également un évidement 7 dans sa partie su¬ périeure et la paroi latérale 8 de cet évidement 7 est aussi garnie d'une chemise métallique 9 , fixée rigidement à la pièce 3. La chemise 9 déborde cette dernière et sa partie débordante est filetée de façon à permettre la fixation de la pièce 3 à la pièce 2 par vissage . La Fig . 1 montre que dans cette position , la paroi 5 s'emboîte partiellement autour de la paroi 8 . Une bague métallique 10 protège l'extrémité de la paroi 5 . Lorsque les deux pièces 2 , 3 sont ainsi fixées l'une à l'autre , un réservoir cylindri¬ que 11 , s'emboîtant dans la chemise 9 , est emprisonné axialement entre les fonds plats des évidements 4 et 7.The part 3 also has a recess 7 in its upper part and the side wall 8 of this recess 7 is also furnished with a metal jacket 9, rigidly fixed to the part 3. The shirt 9 projects beyond the latter and its projecting part is threaded so as to allow the attachment of the part 3 to the part 2 by screwing. Fig. 1 shows that in this position, the wall 5 partially fits around the wall 8. A metal ring 10 protects the end of the wall 5. When the two parts 2, 3 are thus fixed to one another, a cylindrical container 11, which fits into the jacket 9, is trapped axially between the flat bottoms of the recesses 4 and 7.
Le réservoir 11 est composé d'une . douille 12 à fond 13 plat et d'un couvercle 14 , également plat . Le couvercle 14 repose sur le bord de la douille 12. -il présente une lèvre 15 , qui s'emboîte dans cette douille 12. Le fond 13 et le couvercle 14 du réservoir 11 sont ajourés par un ensemble de perforations , respectivement 16 , 17. Le réservoir 11 contient un milieu 18 susceptible d'être imbibé de liquide et de le diviser fine- ment . Ce milieu 18 peut être de l'ouate de coton ou synthétique , de la laine de verre ou un composé cellulosique .The reservoir 11 is composed of one. socket 12 with flat bottom 13 and a cover 14, also flat. The cover 14 rests on the edge of the socket 12. -it has a lip 15, which fits into this socket 12. The bottom 13 and the cover 14 of the reservoir 11 are perforated by a set of perforations, respectively 16, 17 The reservoir 11 contains a medium 18 capable of being soaked with liquid and of dividing it finely. This medium 18 can be cotton or synthetic wadding, glass wool or a cellulosic compound.
La partie de la pièce 3 , située au-dessous du réservoir 11 , cons¬ titue une embouchure 19 de section ovale , autour de laquelle les lèvres des patients peuvent -se refermer complètement .The part of the part 3, located below the reservoir 11, constitutes a mouthpiece 19 of oval section, around which the lips of the patients can close completely.
Grâce à la forme tubulaire de l'enceinte 1 , l'inhalateur de la Fig . 1 présente un canal central 20 , qui passe à travers le réservoir 11.Thanks to the tubular shape of the enclosure 1, the inhaler of FIG. 1 has a central channel 20 which passes through the reservoir 11.
L'inhalateur décrit est destiné à être utilisé avec des enveloppesThe inhaler described is for use with envelopes
21 , en matière synthétique relativement souple, du type représenté aux Fig . 2 et 3 , qui sont remplies d'une solution de substance active. L'en¬ veloppe proprement dite de cette solution a la forme d'une fiole à corps 22 cylindrique et col 23 généralement tronconique, qui est moulée dans - S - un cadre plat 24 , de même matière. Au niveau de l'extrémité du col 23 , une rainure transversale 25 est formée à travers le cadre 24. L'amincis¬ sement de ce dernier produit par la rainure 25 permet de détacher la partie supérieure 26 du cadre 24 par cassure , en la pliant par rapport au reste du cadre 24. Cette opération est aisément réalisable à la main . Elle a pour effet d'ouvrir la fiole (22 , 23) . Cette dernière est ensuite vidée en la retournant au-dessus de l'orifice du canal 20 , dans la pièce 2 et en l'écrasant éventuellement entre les doigts .21, made of relatively flexible synthetic material, of the type shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, which are filled with a solution of active substance. The actual envelope of this solution has the form of a flask with a cylindrical body 22 and generally frustoconical neck 23, which is molded in - S - a flat frame 24, of the same material. At the end of the neck 23, a transverse groove 25 is formed through the frame 24. The thinning of the latter produced by the groove 25 makes it possible to detach the upper part 26 of the frame 24 by breaking, in the folding relative to the rest of the frame 24. This operation is easily carried out by hand. It has the effect of opening the vial (22, 23). The latter is then emptied by turning it over the orifice of the channel 20, in part 2 and possibly crushing it between the fingers.
La solution de la substance active arrive ainsi sur le couvercleThe solution of the active substance thus arrives on the lid
14 , passe à travers ses perforations 17 et imprègne le milieu 18 . En s'imbibant de cette solution , le milieu, 18 la divise finement. L'inhalateur est alors prêt à l'emploi. Il suffit d'en emboucher la pièce 3 en refermant bien les lèvres autour de l'embouchure 19 , puis d'aspirer profondément. Le courant d'air que cela produit dans le canal central 20 et à travers le réservoir 11 a pour effet d'emporter , à travers les perforations 16 du fond 13 du réservoir 11 , un nuage de très fines gouttelettes de la solu¬ tion imbibant le milieu 18 .14, passes through its perforations 17 and permeates the medium 18. By imbibing this solution, the middle, 18 finely divides it. The inhaler is then ready for use. It suffices to mouth the part 3 by closing the lips well around the mouth 19, then to breathe deeply. The air current that this produces in the central channel 20 and through the reservoir 11 has the effect of carrying, through the perforations 16 of the bottom 13 of the reservoir 11, a cloud of very fine droplets of the soaking solution. the middle 18.
En aspirant ainsi plusieurs fois de suite , un patient peut faire passer dans ses poumons la quasi totalité de la solution qui était conte¬ nue dans la fiole (22 , 23 ) . Les nuages de gouttelettes , qui pénètrent a- vec l'air dans les voies respiratoires du patient à la cadence de ses aspi¬ rations arrivent jusque dans ses alvéoles pulmonaires sans provoquer la moindre irritation .By aspirating several times in succession, a patient can pass almost all of the solution which was contained in the vial (22, 23) into his lungs. Clouds of droplets, which penetrate with air into the patient's respiratory tract at the rate of their aspirations, reach their pulmonary alveoli without causing the slightest irritation.
La deuxième forme d'exécution de l'inhalateur selon l'invention (Fig . 4) est légèrement plus élaborée que la première. Elle est destinée à être utilisée avec le même type d'enveloppes que la première forme d'exé- cution. Les composants de cette deuxième forme d'exécution , qui corres¬ pondent à ceux de la première forme d'exécution sont désignés par les mêmes signes de référence.The second embodiment of the inhaler according to the invention (Fig. 4) is slightly more elaborate than the first. It is intended to be used with the same type of envelopes as the first form of execution. The components of this second embodiment, which correspond to those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference signs.
Cette deuxième forme d'exécution diffère de la première tout d'a- bord par le fait que l'entrée du canal central 20 à travers la pièce 2 présente une partie tronconique 27. <En outre, à cette partie 27 fait suite jointivement la partie centrale 28 du couvercle 14, qui s'étend ainsi à l'intérieur du réservoir 11. L'inclinaison des parties 27 et 28 correspond à celle du col 23 des enveloppes 21. Une fente diamétrale 29 est encore pratiquée dans la pièce 2 et le couvercle 14. Sa largeur et sa longueur correspondent respectivement à l'épaisseur et à la largeur du cadre 24 de l'enveloppe 21 . Cette dernière peut donc être introduite dans l'inha¬ lateur de façon que l'extrémité du col 23 arrive au bout intérieur de la partie centrale 28 du couvercle 14.This second embodiment differs from the first first of all by the fact that the inlet of the central channel 20 through the part 2 has a frustoconical part 27. <In addition, this part 27 follows the joint central part 28 of the cover 14, which thus extends inside the reservoir 11. The inclination of the parts 27 and 28 corresponds to that of the neck 23 of the envelopes 21. A diametrical slot 29 is still made in part 2 and the cover 14. Its width and its length correspond respectively to the thickness and to the width of the frame 24 of the envelope 21. The latter can therefore be introduced into the inhaler so that the end of the neck 23 arrives at the inner end of the central part 28 of the cover 14.
La partie centrale 28 porte , enfin , deux lames tranchantes 30 , qui font saillie de sa paroi interne 31. En poussant l'enveloppe 21 dans cet inhalateur , les lames 30 incisent le col 23 de la fiole ( 22 , 23 ) . La solu- tion qu'elle contient peut ainsi s'en échapper . Elle s'infiltre alors dans le milieu 18 contenu dans le réservoir 11 , en passant à travers des perfo¬ rations 32 de la partie centrale 28 du -- couvercle 14. Lorsque la fiole ( 22 , 23 ) est vide , l' enveloppe 21 est retirée de l'inhalateur , qui est prêt à l'utilisation de la même manière et dans les mêmes conditions que celui de la première forme d'exécution.The central part 28 carries, finally, two sharp blades 30, which project from its internal wall 31. By pushing the envelope 21 in this inhaler, the blades 30 cut the neck 23 of the vial (22, 23). The solution it contains can thus escape from it. It then infiltrates into the medium 18 contained in the reservoir 11, passing through perforations 32 of the central part 28 of the cover 14. When the flask (22, 23) is empty, the envelope 21 is withdrawn from the inhaler, which is ready for use in the same manner and under the same conditions as that of the first embodiment.
La troisième forme d'exécution de l'inhalateur selon l'invention (Fig . 5 à 7 ) est destinée spécifiquement à être utilisée avec des enve¬ loppes ovales formant des capsules . Cet inhalateur est logé dans -une en- ceine 33 en trois pièces 34 , 35 f 36 disposées bout à bout et faites de préférence en matière plastique rigide . La pièce médiane 35 est garnie intérieurement d'un manchon métallique 37 , qui lui est fixé rigidement . Le manchon 37 présente des parties filetées 38 , 39 qui débordent les deux extrémités de la pièce 35 de l'enceinte 33 . Un tube 40 coulisse li- brement , mais pratiquement sans jeu , dans le manchon 37. Entre ses ex¬ trémités , le tube 40 porte une cloison transversale 41 , qui est ajourée par un ensemble de perforations 42. Une fente diamétrale 43 est encore formée dans la cloison 41 . Un prisonnier 44 , porté par le manchon 37 et plongeant dans une rainure axiale 45 du tube 40 maintient ce dernier à l'intérieur du manchon 37 , et cela , dans une orientation précise , en par¬ ticulier en ce qui concerne la position angulaire de la fente 43 autour de l'axe de l'inhalateur . Un premier ressort de poussée 46 agit sur le tube 40 .The third embodiment of the inhaler according to the invention (Fig. 5 to 7) is specifically intended for use with oval envelopes forming capsules. This inhaler is housed in a box 33 in three parts 34, 35 f 36 arranged end to end and preferably made of rigid plastic. The central part 35 is internally lined with a metal sleeve 37, which is rigidly attached to it. The sleeve 37 has threaded parts 38, 39 which extend beyond the two ends of the part 35 of the enclosure 33. A tube 40 slides freely, but practically without play, in the sleeve 37. Between its ends, the tube 40 carries a transverse partition 41, which is perforated by a set of perforations 42. A diametrical slot 43 is still formed in partition 41. A prisoner 44, carried by the sleeve 37 and plunging into an axial groove 45 of the tube 40 keeps the latter inside the sleeve 37, and this, in a precise orientation, in particular as regards the angular position of the slot 43 around the axis of the inhaler. A first thrust spring 46 acts on the tube 40.
La pièce extrême 34 de l'enceinte 33 est garnie intérieurement d'une chemise 47 dont une partie présente un filet intérieur 48 s'enga- geant sur la partie filetée 38 du manchon 37. Comme ce dernier à la piè¬ ce 35 de l'enceinte , la chemise 47 est fixée rigidement à la pièce 34 de l'enceinte 33. Un piston 49 est monté dans cette pièce 34. Il coulisse li- brement, mais sans jeu, dans le tube 40 et il présente une collerette 50 coulissant dans la chemise 47. Il est emprisonné axialement dans la pièce 34 de l'enceinte 33 par une bague 51 fixée à l'extrémité de cette pièce 34. Un second ressort de poussée 52 , prenant appui sur le tube 40 , maintient normalement la collerette 50 du piston 49 en appui contre la ba¬ gue 51. Le piston 49 présente encore une forure axiale 53 et une gorge 54, dans laquelle est logée une garniture d'étanchéité 55 .The extreme part 34 of the enclosure 33 is internally lined with a jacket 47, one part of which has an internal thread 48 engaging the threaded part 38 of the sleeve 37. Like the latter with the part 35 of the enclosure, the jacket 47 is rigidly fixed to the part 34 of the enclosure 33. A piston 49 is mounted in this part 34. It slides li- snugly, but without play, in the tube 40 and it has a flange 50 sliding in the jacket 47. It is trapped axially in the part 34 of the enclosure 33 by a ring 51 fixed to the end of this part 34. A second thrust spring 52, bearing on the tube 40, normally maintains the flange 50 of the piston 49 in abutment against the rod 51. The piston 49 also has an axial bore 53 and a groove 54, in which is housed a lining seal 55.
L'autre pièce extrême 36 de l'enceinte 33 forme une embouchure de section ovale à son extrémité . Elle présente un logement cylindrique 56 , dont la paroi latérale 57 est garnie d'une chemise métallique 58 , fixée rigidement à cette pièce 36 . La chemise 58 , tout comme la chemise 47 , présente aussi un filet interne 59 , qui s'engage sur la partie 39 du man¬ chon 37. Un réservoir cylindrique 60 est ^disposé librement dans le loge- ment 56 . Comme ceux des deux premières formes d'exécution , le réser¬ voir 60 est aussi composé d'une calotte 61 à fond 62 plat, ajouré par des perforations 63 et d'un couvercle 64 plat, également ajouré par des per¬ forations 65 . Pour fermer la calotte 61 , le couvercle 64 est emboîté dans celle-ci en engageant une encoche 64a, formée à la périphérie du couver- cle 64 , sur un créneau 67a s'étendant au-dessus du bord de la p"aroi la¬ térale 67 de la calotte 61. De cette façon , le couvercle 64 occupe une po¬ sition angulaire bien déterminée par rapport à la calotte 61. Des perfo¬ rations 66 sont aussi pratiquées dans la paroi latérale 67 de la calotte 61.The other extreme part 36 of the enclosure 33 forms a mouth of oval section at its end. It has a cylindrical housing 56, the side wall 57 of which is lined with a metal jacket 58, rigidly fixed to this part 36. The jacket 58, like the jacket 47, also has an internal thread 59, which engages on the part 39 of the sleeve 37. A cylindrical tank 60 is placed freely in the housing 56. Like those of the first two embodiments, the réser¬ voir 60 is also composed of a cap 61 with a flat bottom 62, perforated by perforations 63 and a flat cover 64, also perforated by perforations 65. To close the cap 61, the cover 64 is fitted therein by engaging a notch 64a, formed at the periphery of the cover 64, on a slot 67a extending above the edge of the p " aroi la¬ téral 67 of the cap 61. In this way, the cover 64 occupies a well-defined angular position with respect to the cap 61. Perfo¬ rations 66 are also formed in the side wall 67 of the cap 61.
Le réservoir 60 est rempli d'un même milieu 18 que les réservoirs 11 des deux premières formes d'exécution . Un prisonnier 68 , porté par le manchon 37 et plongeant dans une encoche 69 d'une collerette 61a de la calotte 61 du réservoir 60 , oriente cette calotte et par conséquent le couvercle 64 de façon précise par rapport au manchon 37 , donc aussi par rapport au tube 40 et à la fente 43 de la cloison 41.The reservoir 60 is filled with the same medium 18 as the reservoirs 11 of the first two embodiments. A prisoner 68, carried by the sleeve 37 and plunging into a notch 69 of a flange 61a of the cap 61 of the tank 60, orients this cap and therefore the cover 64 precisely with respect to the sleeve 37, therefore also with respect to to the tube 40 and to the slot 43 of the partition 41.
La Fig . 5 montre que la partie 40a du tube 40 coulisse non seule¬ ment dans le manchon 37 , mais aussi autour du réservoir 60 , le ressort 46 étant logé entre ces deux derniers composants et prenant appui sur la collerette 61a de la calotte 61. Cette même figure montre également que le prisonnier 44, grâce à la longueur de la rainure 45 , permet au tube 40 de . coulisser contre l'action du ressort 46 jusqu'à ce que la cloison 41 re¬ pose sur le couvercle 64 du réservoir 60 , les spires du ressort 46 étant alors plaquées les unes sur les autres .Fig. 5 shows that the part 40a of the tube 40 slides not only in the sleeve 37, but also around the reservoir 60, the spring 46 being housed between these last two components and bearing on the flange 61a of the cap 61. This same Figure also shows that the prisoner 44, thanks to the length of the groove 45, allows the tube 40 to. slide against the action of the spring 46 until the partition 41 rests on the cover 64 of the tank 60, the turns of the spring 46 being then tackled on top of each other.
L'inhalateur selon cette troisième forme d'exécution comprend, en¬ fin, une lame tranchante 70 (voir aussi Fig . 6 et 7) . L'extrémité de la lame 70 est taillée en triangle et biseautée de façon à former deux arêtes 71 vives et tranchantes . La lame 70 est venue de fabrication en une piè¬ ce avec un barreau 72 , dont les extrémités sont fixées diamétralement sur un anneau 73 , qui présente un nez 74 faisant saillie de son bord in¬ terne. La largeur de la lame 70 est légèrement inférieure au diamètre de la forure 53 du piston 49. Le couvercle 64 du réservoir 60 présente un évidement périphérique 75 , dans lequel l'anneau 73 prend place , son nez 74 s'engageant dans une encoche 76 de la paroi latérale de l'évidement 75 , de. façon à orienter avec précision l'anneau 73 par rapport au cou¬ vercle 64.The inhaler according to this third embodiment comprises, at the end, a sharp blade 70 (see also Fig. 6 and 7). The end of the blade 70 is cut in a triangle and bevelled so as to form two sharp and sharp edges 71. The blade 70 came from manufacture in a piece with a bar 72, the ends of which are fixed diametrically to a ring 73, which has a nose 74 projecting from its internal edge. The width of the blade 70 is slightly less than the diameter of the bore 53 of the piston 49. The cover 64 of the reservoir 60 has a peripheral recess 75, in which the ring 73 takes place, its nose 74 engaging in a notch 76 of the side wall of the recess 75, of. so as to precisely orient the ring 73 relative to the cover 64.
Les orientations décrites par rapport au manchon 37 , d'une part, du tube 40 et de la fente diamétrale 43 de sa cloison 41 , et, d'autre part, de la calotte 61 , du couvercle 64 par rapport à cette calotte et de l'anneau 73 et par conséquent de la lame 70 par rapport au couvercle 64 sont notamment choisies de façon que la lame 70 soit exactement en re¬ gard de la fente 43 et entre dans celle-ci, lorsque le tube 40 est déplacé en direction du. réservoir 60.The orientations described with respect to the sleeve 37, on the one hand, of the tube 40 and the diametral slot 43 of its partition 41, and, on the other hand, of the cap 61, of the cover 64 relative to this cap and of the ring 73 and consequently of the blade 70 with respect to the cover 64 are in particular chosen so that the blade 70 is exactly opposite the slot 43 and enters it, when the tube 40 is moved in the direction of. tank 60.
Pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé d'inhalation selon l'invention à l'aide de l'inhalateur selon cette troisième forme d'exécution, on dévisse la pièce 34 de l'enceinte 33. Pour éviter que le ressort 52 ne tombe du piston 49 et ne s'égare , sa spire supérieure peut lui être ancrée, soit par engagement dans une gorge du piston , soit par collage à la collerette 50 , soit encore par enrobement dans cette collerette. Au besoin, des mo- yens pourraient être prévus pour empêcher le piston 49 de quitter la pièce 34 de l'enceinte 33 , lorsque cette pièce 34 est dévissée.To implement the inhalation process according to the invention using the inhaler according to this third embodiment, the part 34 is unscrewed from the enclosure 33. To prevent the spring 52 from falling from the piston 49 and does not go astray, its upper turn can be anchored to it, either by engagement in a groove of the piston, or by gluing to the flange 50, or even by coating in this flange. If necessary, means could be provided to prevent the piston 49 from leaving the part 34 of the enclosure 33, when this part 34 is unscrewed.
Une capsule 77 contenant une solution de substance active est a- lors déposée dans le réceptacle constitué par la cloison 41 et la partie 40b du tube 40 s'étendant au-dessus de cette cloison 41. Ce réceptacle est, en effet, rendu accessible par le dévissage décrit de la pièce 34 de l'enceinte 33. La pièce 34 est ensuite remise en place , puis le piston 49 est poussé à fond contre l'action des ressorts 52 et 46. Dans un premier temps , cette poussée amène le piston 49 en contact avec la capsule 77 , qui en obture' la forure 53 , de façon à empêcher un reflux de liquide à travers cette forure . Au cours d'un temps suivant de la poussée du pis¬ ton 49 , celui-ci pousse la capsule 77 contre la cloison 41 , puis fait cou¬ lisser le tube 40 dans le manchon 37 et autour du réservoir 60 , contre l'action du ressort 46 , de façon à amener finalement la cloison 41 en con¬ tact avec le couvercle 64 de réservoir 60. Au cours de ce mouvement, la lame 70 surgit progressivement au-dessus de la cloison 41 ; elle entre en contact avec la capsule 77 et finit par l'inciser. Le piston 49 écrase , en¬ fin, la capsule 77 contre la cloison 41 , ce qui vide cette capsule. Au cours de ce dernier temps de la poussée du piston 49 , la lame 70 entre naturellement dans la forure 53 de celui-ci. Le liquide que la capsule 77 contenait passe alors à travers les perforations 42 , 65 et entre dans le réservoir 60 où le milieu 18 s'en imbibe. La partie de ce liquide qui s'in¬ filtrerait entre la partie 40a du tube 40 'et le réservoir 60 finirait aussi par entrer dans ce réservoir en passant à travers les perforations 66 de sa paroi latérale 67 , puisque l'espace annulaire entre le réservoir 60 et le manchon 37 est pratiquement rempli entièrement par la partie 40a du tube 40 et les spires du ressort 46 , que cette partie 40a plaque les unes sur les autres , lorsque la cloison 41 repose sur le couvercle 64 du ré- servoir.A capsule 77 containing a solution of active substance is then deposited in the receptacle constituted by the partition 41 and the part 40b of the tube 40 extending above this partition 41. This receptacle is, in fact, made accessible by the unscrewing described of the part 34 of the enclosure 33. The part 34 is then replaced, then the piston 49 is pushed fully against the action of the springs 52 and 46. At first, this push brings the piston 49 in contact with the capsule 77, which closes' the hole 53, so as to prevent a backflow of liquid through this hole. During a time following the pushing of the piston 49, the latter pushes the capsule 77 against the partition 41, then causes the tube 40 to smooth in the sleeve 37 and around the reservoir 60, against the action of the spring 46, so as finally to bring the partition 41 in contact with the cover 64 of the tank 60. During this movement, the blade 70 gradually arises above the partition 41; it comes into contact with the capsule 77 and ends up incising it. The piston 49 crushes, at the end, the capsule 77 against the partition 41, which empties this capsule. During this last time of the pushing of the piston 49, the blade 70 naturally enters the bore 53 of the latter. The liquid that the capsule 77 contained then passes through the perforations 42, 65 and enters the reservoir 60 where the medium 18 is soaked. The part of this liquid which would filter between the part 40a of the tube 40 'and the reservoir 60 would also end up entering this reservoir by passing through the perforations 66 of its side wall 67, since the annular space between the reservoir 60 and the sleeve 37 is practically completely filled with the part 40a of the tube 40 and the turns of the spring 46, which this part 40a presses on one another, when the partition 41 rests on the cover 64 of the reservoir.
Pour inhaler la solution dont le milieu 18 est imbibé , il suffit de relâcher le piston 49 , d'emboucher la partie 36 de l'enceinte 33 et d'ins¬ pirer profondément plusieurs fois de suite. Le courant d'air que ces ins- pirations produisent à travers la forure 53 du piston 49 , le tube 40 et le réservoir 60 fait sortir des perforations 63 du fond 62 de celui-ci, par la pièce 36 de l'enceinte 33 un nuage de fines gouttelettes de solution de la substance active à l'état moléculaire.To inhale the solution in which the medium 18 is soaked, it suffices to release the piston 49, to mouth the part 36 of the enclosure 33 and to breathe deeply several times in succession. The air current that these inspirations produce through the bore 53 of the piston 49, the tube 40 and the reservoir 60 brings out perforations 63 from the bottom 62 thereof, through the part 36 of the enclosure 33 a cloud of fine droplets of solution of the active substance in molecular state.
Dans tous les exemples décrits ci-dessus , le solvant peut être , selon la nature de la substance active, par exemple de l'eau distillée, de l'alcool, de la glycérine, du sérum physiologique.In all the examples described above, the solvent can be, depending on the nature of the active substance, for example distilled water, alcohol, glycerin, physiological saline.
Quant aux substances actives en solution , elles sont connues des médecins et peuvent être prescrites par eux . Elles peuvent consister en un médicament agissant directement sur la muqueuse des voies respiratoi¬ res , mais aussi sur les cellules, tissus et organes des voies respiratoi¬ res . Il s'agit par exemple de médicaments antiasthmatiques et antibron¬ chitiques , qui dilatent le calibre des bronches ou en diminuent la réacti- vite ou régularisent les sécrétions bronchiques ou possèdent ces diffé¬ rentes propriétés en combinaison .As for the active substances in solution, they are known to doctors and can be prescribed by them. They can consist of a drug acting directly on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, but also on the cells, tissues and organs of the respiratory tract. They are, for example, anti-asthma and anti-bronchial drugs, which dilate the caliber of the bronchi or decrease their reactivity. quickly or regulate bronchial secretions or have these different properties in combination.
Les substances actives utilisées peuvent aussi être des médica- ments qui agissent directement sur les sécrétions des organes respira¬ toires , les rendant plus fluides et permettant une meilleure expectora¬ tion .The active substances used can also be medicaments which act directly on the secretions of the respiratory organs, making them more fluid and allowing better expectoration.
Comme substance active , des médicaments ou drogues peuvent en- core être utilisés , qui sont résorbés par la muqueuse des organes respi¬ ratoires , passent dans le sang et agissent sur d'autres organes comme par exemple le coeur , les glandes endocriniennes , etc . Il s'agira par exemple de médicaments du type dilatateurs des vaisseaux sanguins , d'hormones , etc. L'administration de ce dernier type de substance active a l'avantage d'épargner le tube digestif et d'éviter des piqûres . As active substance, medicaments or drugs can still be used, which are absorbed by the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, pass into the blood and act on other organs such as for example the heart, the endocrine glands, etc. These will, for example, be drugs such as blood vessel dilators, hormones, etc. The administration of the latter type of active substance has the advantage of sparing the digestive tract and avoiding bites.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1. Procédé d'inhalation d'une substance destinée à agir sur les fonc¬ tions du corps humain et qui est dissoute dans un liquide enfermé dans une enveloppe étanche, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait passer le contenu de cette enveloppe (21, 77) dans un milieu (18) qui s'en imbibe en le divi- sant finement et en ce qu'on produit un courant d'air à travers ce milieu (18) par aspiration orale.1. Inhalation process for a substance intended to act on the functions of the human body and which is dissolved in a liquid enclosed in a sealed envelope, characterized in that the contents of this envelope (21, 77) in a medium (18) which is imbibed by finely dividing it and in that a current of air is produced through this medium (18) by oral suction.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la dite enveloppe est faite en matière souple, caractérisé en ce qu'on en fait sortir le contenu en aplatissant cette enveloppe (21, 77) au-dessus du dit milieu (18), a- près l'avoir poussée contre au moins une lame tranchante (30, 70).2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said envelope is made of flexible material, characterized in that the content is removed by flattening this envelope (21, 77) above said medium (18), a - after having pushed it against at least one sharp blade (30, 70).
3. Inhalateur pour la mise "en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un réservoir (11, 60) généralement cy- lindrique, dont au moins les faces opposées (13, 14; 62, 64) sont fine¬ ment ajourées, ce réservoir (11, 60) contenant le dit milieu (18) et étant emprisonné amoviblement dans une enceinte tubulaire (1, 33) présentant une embouchure (19).3. An inhaler for carrying 'out the method according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises a tank (11, 60) generally cyclic lindrique, at least the opposed faces (13, 14; 62, 64) are finely perforated, this reservoir (11, 60) containing said medium (18) and being removably trapped in a tubular enclosure (1, 33) having a mouth (19).
4. Inhalateur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le dit réservoir (11, 60) est composé d'une douille ou calotte (12, 61"> à fond plat et d'un couvercle (14, 64) reposant sur le bord de la douille ou ca¬ lotte (12, 61).4. Inhaler according to claim 3, characterized in that said reservoir (11, 60) is composed of a socket or cap (12, 61 "> with a flat bottom and a cover (14, 64) resting on the edge of the socket or monkfish (12, 61).
5. Inhalateur selon la revendication 3 ou 4 , caractérisé en ce que la dite enceinte (1) est en deux pièces (2, 3) en matière plastique garnies, chacune, d'une chemise métallique filetée (6, 9), ces chemises permettant de visser les deux pièces de l'enceinte (1) l'une sur l'autre et de coincer ainsi le dit réservoir (11) entre elles.5. Inhaler according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said enclosure (1) is in two parts (2, 3) made of plastic material, each furnished with a threaded metal jacket (6, 9), these shirts allowing to screw the two parts of the enclosure (1) one on the other and thus wedge said tank (11) between them.
6. Inhalateur selon la revendication 5, pour solution contenue dans une enveloppe en forme de fiole à col généralement tron conique, caracté¬ risé en ce que la partie centrale (28) du dit couvercle (14) a une forme tronconique correspondant, au moins approximativement, à celle du col (23) de la dite fiole (22, 23) et s'étend à l'intérieur du dit réservoir (11), et en ce que des lames tranchantes (30) font saillie de la paroi in- terne (31 ) de la partie tronconique du dit couvercle (14) .6. Inhaler according to claim 5, for solution contained in an envelope in the form of a flask with generally conical conical neck, caracté¬ ized in that the central part (28) of said cover (14) has a corresponding frustoconical shape, at least approximately, that of the neck (23) of said vial (22, 23) and extends inside said reservoir (11), and in that cutting blades (30) protrude from the wall dull (31) of the frustoconical part of said cover (14).
7. Inhalateur selon la revendication 4 , pour solution ocntenue dans l'enveloppe ovale d'une capsule , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : un tu- be (40) présentant, entre ses extrémités , une cloison transversale (41) ajourée, pourvue d'une fente diamétrale (43) , . la partie (40a) de ce tube située au-dessous de la dite cloison (41) étant capable de coulisser au¬ tour du dit réservoir (60) , contre l'action d'un premier ressort (46) , jusqu'à ce que cette cloison (41) se plaque sur le couvercle (64) du dit réservoir (60) , tandis que la partie (40b) du dit tube (40) s'étendant au-dessus de la dite cloison (41) forme, avec cette dernière , un récep¬ tacle destiné à recevoir la dite capsule (77) ; un piston (49) présentant une forure axiale (53) et monté coulissant contre l'action d'un second ressort (52) dans la partie (40b) du dit tube (40 ) située au-dessus de la dite cloison (41) , de façon à écraser l'enveloppe de la dite capsule (77.)7. Inhaler according to claim 4, for solution obtained in the oval envelope of a capsule, characterized in that it comprises: a tube (40) having, between its ends, a perforated transverse partition (41), provided with a diametrical slot (43). the part (40a) of this tube situated below the said partition (41) being capable of sliding around the said tank (60), against the action of a first spring (46), until that this partition (41) is pressed onto the cover (64) of said tank (60), while the part (40b) of said tube (40) extending above said partition (41) forms, with the latter, a receptacle intended to receive said capsule (77); a piston (49) having an axial bore (53) and mounted sliding against the action of a second spring (52) in the part (40b) of said tube (40) located above said partition (41) , so as to crush the envelope of said capsule (77.)
contre cette cloison (41 ) , et une lame tranchante (70) disposée entre le dit réservoir (60) et la dite cloison (41) , cette lame passant à travers la fente diamétrale (43) de la dite cloison (41) , de façon à inciser la dite capsule (77) lorsque le dit tube (40) se déplace contre l'action du pre- mier ressort (46) , le dit tube (40 ) et le dit piston (49) étant logés dans la même enceinte (33 ) que le dit réservoir (60) . against this wall (41) and a cutting blade (70) disposed between said reservoir (60) and said partition (41), this blade passing through the diametric slot (43) of said partition (41), so as to incise said capsule (77) when said tube (40) moves against the action of the first spring (46), said tube (40) and said piston (49) being housed in the same enclosure (33) as said tank (60).
8. Inhalateur selon la revendication 7 , caractérisé en ce que la dite enceinte (33 ) est composée de trois pièces (34 , 35 , 36^ disposées bout à bout , en ce que les pièces extrêmes (34 , 36) sont garnies intérieurement de chemises (47 , 58) présentant un filet interne (48 , 59) , en ce que la partie médiane (35) est garnie intérieurement d'un manchon (37) qui en fait saillie aux deux extrémités , ces parties saillantes (38 , 39) étant fi¬ letées extérieurement et s'engageant dans les filets (48 , 59) des. chemises (47 , 58) des pièces extrêmes (34 , 36) , pour assurer l'assemblage des trois dites pièces (34 , 35 , 36) , et en ce que le dit tube (40) coulisse à frottement doux dans le dit manchon (37) .8. Inhaler according to claim 7, characterized in that said enclosure (33) is composed of three parts (34, 35, 36 ^ arranged end to end, in that the end pieces (34, 36) are internally lined with shirts (47, 58) having an internal thread (48, 59), in that the middle part (35) is internally lined with a sleeve (37) which projects therefrom at both ends, these projecting parts (38, 39 ) being externally threaded and engaging in the threads (48, 59) of the shirts (47, 58) of the end pieces (34, 36), to ensure the assembly of the three said pieces (34, 35, 36 ), and in that said tube (40) slides with gentle friction in said sleeve (37).
9. Inhalateur selon la revendication 8 , caractérisé en ce que le dit piston (49) présente une collerette (50) coulissant dans la chemise (47) de l'une (34) des dites pièces extrêmes de l'enceinte (33) , l'autre pièce extrême (36) de cette enceinte (33) se terminant en forme d'embouchure et présentant un logement (56) dans lequel est disposé le dit réservoir (60) . 9. Inhaler according to claim 8, characterized in that said piston (49) has a collar (50) sliding in the jacket (47) of one (34) of said extreme parts of the enclosure (33), the other end part (36) of this enclosure (33) ending in the form of a mouth and having a housing (56) in which said tank (60) is disposed.
10. Inhalateur selon la revendication 7 , 8 ou 9 , caractérisé en ce que la dite lame tranchante (70) est solidaire d'un barreau diamétral (72) dont les extrémités sont fixées sur un anneau (73 ) qui est logé dans un évidement périphérique (75) du couvercle (64) du dit réservoir (60) .10. Inhaler according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that said cutting blade (70) is integral with a diametral bar (72) whose ends are fixed on a ring (73) which is housed in a recess device (75) of the cover (64) of said tank (60).
11. Inhalateur selon la revendication 7 , 8 , 9 ou 10 , caractérisé par des moyens (44, 45 ; 68 , 69 , 61a, 67a, 74, 76) qui, par rapport au dit manchon (37) , confèrent séparément à la dite fente diamétrale (43) de la cloison (41) et à la dite lame tranchante (70) des orientations identiques autour de l'axe de l'inhalateur. 11. Inhaler according to claim 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized by means (44, 45; 68, 69, 61a, 67a, 74, 76) which, relative to said sleeve (37), confer separately on the said diametral slot (43) of the partition (41) and to said cutting blade (70) identical orientations around the axis of the inhaler.
PCT/CH1988/000158 1987-09-09 1988-09-09 Method for inhaling a dissolved substance and inhaler for implementing such method WO1989002289A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3481/87-1 1987-09-09
CH348187A CH676796A5 (en) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989002289A1 true WO1989002289A1 (en) 1989-03-23

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EP (1) EP0333792A1 (en)
CH (1) CH676796A5 (en)
WO (1) WO1989002289A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005358A2 (en) * 1992-09-05 1994-03-17 Medix Limited Drug dispensing system
US5651359A (en) * 1994-10-18 1997-07-29 Sofab Device for inhaling powder
US7703620B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2010-04-27 Glaxo Group Limited Chain linked capsules
US7713518B2 (en) 2002-11-20 2010-05-11 Glaxo Group Limited Capsule for a powder medicament
US7836885B2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2010-11-23 Robert Abrams Semi-automatic emergency medication dose nebulizer

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DE3743680A1 (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-07-06 Spitzner Arzneimittelfabrik Gm Inhaler as pocket apparatus

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DE377682C (en) * 1923-06-23 Aladar Foerstner Device for inhaling air that has been impregnated with the vapors of liquid medicinal products
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US4095596A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-06-20 Smithkline Corporation Nasal inhaler

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005358A2 (en) * 1992-09-05 1994-03-17 Medix Limited Drug dispensing system
WO1994005358A3 (en) * 1992-09-05 1994-05-11 Drug dispensing system
US5562918A (en) * 1992-09-05 1996-10-08 Bespak Plc Drug dispensing system
US5651359A (en) * 1994-10-18 1997-07-29 Sofab Device for inhaling powder
US7713518B2 (en) 2002-11-20 2010-05-11 Glaxo Group Limited Capsule for a powder medicament
US8668928B2 (en) 2002-11-20 2014-03-11 Glaxo Group Limited Capsule
US7703620B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2010-04-27 Glaxo Group Limited Chain linked capsules
US7836885B2 (en) * 2007-09-18 2010-11-23 Robert Abrams Semi-automatic emergency medication dose nebulizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH676796A5 (en) 1991-03-15
EP0333792A1 (en) 1989-09-27

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