WO1988007105A1

WO1988007105A1 - Process for treating fibre materials

Info

Publication number: WO1988007105A1
Application number: PCT/HU1987/000011
Authority: WO
Inventors: Géza MÉSZÁROS; Ferenc FONYÓDI
Original assignee: Innofinance Általános Innovációs Pénzintézet
Priority date: 1987-03-10
Filing date: 1987-03-10
Publication date: 1988-09-22
Also published as: CS268175B2; CS189887A2

Abstract

Process for treating fibre materials, particularly for the purpose of producing reliefs, using at least one fibre material from which a suspension is made. Additives are mixed with said suspension, and a planar formation is created. The suspension is subjected to partial dehydration, resulting in a viscous mass. Formative mechanical action applied to the surface of said mass shapes the planar formation, and, finally, the liquid content of the mass is gradually and slowly drained until said mass is dry.

Description

METHOD FOR TREATING FIBER FABRICS

Subject of the invention

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of fibrous materials, in particular for the production of reliefs, wherein at least one fibrous material is used and a suspension is made therefrom, the additives are admixed and a sheet is formed from it. The resulting fabric can be called fiber relief. State of the art

The procedural steps described in the introduction are generally used in the paper industry. The processing of the fibrous materials creates a suspension, the water content of which is kept as high as possible. The suspension, which is as thin as possible, is required in order to be able to form a uniform, smooth, flat sheet of paper during paper production. If the water content is not sufficient for this, in the conventional method water is additionally added to the suspension before the paper surface is formed.

After the paper surface has been formed, an extremely intensive removal of water is used in the known method, negative pressure, elevated temperature or forced air flow or a combination thereof being used.

In practice, however, it has been shown that the known methods are only suitable for producing individual sheets of paper. As is known, prepare the formation of multilayer paper surfaces increased difficulties. The suspensions of the individual layers must still be placed on top of one another in their relatively thin state in order to achieve a relatively satisfactory stability of the layers placed on top of one another, and to achieve a relatively high so-called visual layer strength. The stacking of such suspensions cannot be carried out with the expected result.

At the same time, people's demands for the surrounding culture are increasing, especially with regard to the interior design of the interior. This additional requirement can be seen on the one hand in the expectations regarding the quality of the interior of a wall area, on the other hand in the efforts to ensure that the living spaces with, among other things, hung on the walls, mostly artistic objects, making them pleasant. However, under the circumstances of large-scale industrial production of buildings and interiors, these endeavors can be less and less taken into account and even less fulfilled. It is common knowledge that the human environment is becoming increasingly desolate and homely. One of the main reasons for this is that so far no cheap, industrially applicable but artistic effects have been found for this problem.

According to the state of the art, the so-called composite structures should be mentioned in this context, with different sheet-like substances being applied in two dimensions to a base plate, between which the connecting force is generated with an adhesive. These composite structures differ from each other mainly in the quality of the applied materials and the adhesive. In CH-PS 642.799, for example, a substrate is described wrote on which a coating of a fibrous material is applied, the other ends of the fiber being provided with a pressure-sensitive synthetic resin layer.

According to DE-OS 2 455 429, a wood fiber board is treated mechanically and with different impregnating plastic resins with different curing speeds. By combining these plastic resins, a special visual effect is achieved on the surface of the wood fiber board. DE-OS 2 808 727 describes the production of a thin, flexible, laminated construction which has a so-called semi-solid base body. Various laminated bodies with different fabric quality, insulating ability and visual appearance are attached.

The known solutions are thus arranged on a base plate or on a base body, and the further originally essentially flat layers are connected to it or to one another with adhesives. As a result, not only are the mechanical properties, ie the stability, insulating ability, durability, etc., severely limited, but also the aesthetic requirements are not met. Nevertheless, mass production is not possible with these solutions. The problem of stationary and mobile room dividers that meet the requirements mentioned above is also unsolved. As a special area of the problem of room dividers, the stage sets can be viewed, whereby to achieve a targeted visual effect, a more or less faithful, but erroneously specified view should be offered and at the same time the safety regulations should be met. During this time, the backdrops must have a construction that is as light as possible, but sufficiently stable, and has great variability. The conventional solutions in this area use extremely expensive grounds fabrics and materials, and often the difficulties and costs of the backdrops set limits to the realization of artistic ideas. The essence of the invention The object of the invention is to create a method with which flat structures of high mechanical and aesthetic quality can be produced for artistic, in particular for architectural purposes, with the possibility of large-scale industrial mass production and the use of relatively cheap basic materials and which enables the use of the technologies common in the paper industry and at the same time the fulfillment of the new and ever-increasing requirements in connection with the human environment. The further development according to the invention now consists in subjecting the suspension to a partial removal of water, as a result of which a viscous mass is formed, then mechanical shaping effects are exerted on the surface of the mass to form the flat structure, and finally the liquid content of the mass until it dries out in one regulated is withdrawn slowly.

According to the invention, it is advantageous if several types of fibrous materials are used, which are suspended separately, then comminuted and mixed together to form a suspension. The various types of fiber can also be mixed together first, then suspended and crushed.

According to the invention, it is advantageous if the additives are mixed in two stages, namely after the suspension has been prepared and before the mass has dried out. We can proceed in such a way that in the first stage the additives determining the material properties of the suspension, in particular the hydrophilic, the voluminous, the water and dust repellent property, the volume mass, the Stiffness and / or additives that affect resistance to impurities are added. Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in the second stage, the additives determining the surface quality of the fabrics, in particular the coloring, liquid and rub-resistant and / or antistatic additives, are admixed.

In the sense of the invention, it is advantageous if, in order to form the viscous mass, the suspension is compressed to a dry matter content of 25% by volume, in particular 12% by volume.

In a further implementation variant of the invention, it is advantageous if the mass is arranged on a drainage element, which regulates the speed of the water removal. According to the invention, the fabric can be further treated such that the surface of the mass arranged on the drainage element is formed mechanically, in particular by pressing on a surface np r o f i l s and / or by shaping by hand. The surface formed in this way can be shaped further such that at least one further layer of the mass with at least partially different material properties is applied to the surface provided with a shaping. It is advantageous if the additionally applied layer is formed from a different fiber material and / or is treated with different additives, in particular with other colors. The additionally applied layer can also be subjected to shaping by pressing on a surface professional and / or by hand. During the manufacturing process, it is advantageous according to the invention if the mass arranged on the dewatering element is subjected to mechanical compression or pressing during shaping.

According to the invention, it is also advantageous if the material of the drainage element and thereby that The speed of water withdrawal from the mass can be selected according to the fiber materials used.

After the mass has dried out, the dewatering element can be removed from the mass and the surface of the mass can be treated with these final chemicals, but of course also with other colored pencils. After drying and removal of the mass from the drainage element, the fabric can be attached to a holding structure according to the invention. In the sense of the invention, it is advantageous if the holding structures of the flat structures are connected to one another as a frame of a modular structure. The invention also enables the realization in which the individual flat structures are formed as parts of a stage backdrop, the holding structures being coupled to one another with a quick-release connection. According to the invention, it can also be advantageous if further flat surfaces, advantageously smaller in surface area, are fastened to the surface of the flat structures with a tendon connection. Brief description of the drawing

Further details of the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of realization examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 shows a perspective view of a realization variant of the method according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the one shown in FIG. 1

3 shows a rear view of the variant shown in FIG. 1 in perspective,

4 shows a further advantageous embodiment in perspective, FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the embodiment in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a structure element of the realization form in Fig. 4, Fig. 7. 8 shows a cross section of the implementation in FIG

Fig. 7. Description of the advantageous forms of implementation In the sense of the invention, fibrous materials are subjected to the treatment. All kinds of fibers such as Vegetable fibers, cellulose; synthetic cut fibers, natural fibers of cotton, wool, silk, etc. are used. These fibers are mostly known in the paper industry, but ordinary fiber types cannot be used there either. A plurality of fibrous materials can be contained in a fabric, but the method of processing crucially determines the properties of the fabric to be formed.

If a largely homogeneous structure of the end product is desired, the different fiber materials are set separately. The latter can be achieved by comminuting or milling the fiber, during which not only the lengths of the fiber but also its surface properties are changed during the milling. The individual suspensions of the different fiber materials are then mixed together in a common suspension, which is further treated.

If the non-homogeneous structure of the end product is an advantage because it should have a loose structure as heat and / or noise insulation, the different fibers are shredded and suspended together. As a result, fibers with different lengths, diameters and material properties are then present in the suspension, which ultimately results in a loose, leaky structure. For the purposes of the invention, additives are mixed into the suspension, advantageously in several stages. The first treatment of the suspension with the additives can take place after the suspension containing all the comminuted fibers has been formed. At this stage, the material properties of the suspension and in this way the additives that influence the end product can be mixed in.

This allows the hydrophilic behavior of the product to be mixed by adding e.g. Soaps or dispersions of chemically modified spruce resins, aqueous paraffin or synthetic resin emulsions; the voluminous property with organic or inorganic filling materials, e.g. Clay minerals, ground or dispersed pigments, titanium dioxide, barium sulfates; the so-called wet strength with e.g. Urea or melamine formaldehyde resins; fire resistance with e.g. organic or inorganic chlorides; the color effects are adjusted with colorants dissolved in liquid or dispersed organic or inorganic colored pigments. Of course, other means, e.g. Fungicides etc. can be used if, in the given case, the area is to serve special purposes.

After the addition of these additives, the previously rather thin suspension is subjected to dewatering, but the water content is only partially removed and a viscous mass is thereby created from the suspension. The suspension generally has a solids content of 3 to 8 percent by volume and the compressed viscous mass has a maximum solids content of 25 percent by volume, but usually does not exceed the value of 12 percent by volume. This proportion of the solids content depends, among other things. on the size and thickness of the area to be formed.

With this partial dewatering of the suspension, all known methods can be used, which are common, for example, in the paper industry. However, the predetermined value of the solids content should be fairly accurate be held.

The viscous mass is then applied to a dewatering element, which also serves as a supporting base for the mass and ensures the drying of the mass by controlled, slow water removal. However, this drainage element does not have to be flat, it can have any shape that also accommodates the back of the flat structure to be formed.

The regulated slow removal of water from the mass is achieved by selecting the appropriate material of the drainage element. The removal of water from the mass is regulated by the water absorption capacity of the material of the drainage element. The drying of the mass is thus achieved in such a way that the water from the mass predominantly passes into the drainage element, as a result of which the rate at which water is removed from the mass is determined by the material properties of the drainage element.

After the arrangement of the mass on the drainage element, that is to say at the beginning of the water removal, the shape of the surface of the fabric is still formed in the viscous state of the mass. Depending on the intended use of the fabric, this shape can be very different. It is possible to form the surface mechanically, for example by printing a negative stencil or subtracting a surface profile parallel to the fabric. The shaping can also be mechanized by modeling as is usual in casting technology. This enables industrial mass production of the fabric to be solved. However, the surface can also be formed by hand, any shape being possible. This enables individual, artistic works to be created.

The shape of the surface can also be done by inserting or laying on top of various fabrics or objects va ri ized that are imprinted in the mass as part of the fabric or remain there later, and thus leave an imprint or impression. After the surface has been formed, a second step of treating the fabric with additives can take place. This enables the properties, the quality of the surface, eg the color, the liquid and friction resistance, the antistatic property to be determined. However, according to the invention, the flat structure can also be formed from several layers. The further layers are also applied to the first layer as a viscous mass, it being possible for the further layers to have different material properties from the first and / or from one another. The layers can also be made from different fibrous materials, and the additives used can also be different. The shaping can take place after the application of each layer or else after the application of the last layer. In this embodiment variant, the surface effect of the structure can also be increased by the fact that the successive layer does not completely cover the layer below, and therefore the layer below is also excellently visible with a different color or structure. It is also conceivable to subsequently remove part of the layer applied later, which can be used, for example, in machine production. A fabric can be arranged between two layers, for example, which is shaped according to the shape of the part of the second layer to be removed. After, for example, machine application of the second layer, this tissue can also be mechanically stored, whereby the "unnecessary" mass of the second layer is removed from the first layer.

During the shaping, the mass arranged on the drainage element can be mechanically compressed. As a result, the mass can be better arranged on the surface of the drainage element, its shape taking up completely, and the layers can also adapt better to one another, the air bubbles which may be present are expelled. After the surface of the fabric has been formed, the drying process begins. As said, the speed of water withdrawal is basically determined by the material of the drainage element used, which can be stone, brick, masonry, cullet, cement, wood, textiles, for example. The material of the drainage element is accordingly selected for each constellation of the components of the fabric, the solids content of the mass and the dimensions of the fabric also being taken into account. According to the invention, this results in a much slower extraction of water than is usually the case, for example, in the paper industry. This means that less volume of water is withdrawn from the mass in one unit of time than in the known methods. Of course, this does not exclude increased ambient temperature, vacuum a. The like. To apply to the transport of total drying out. However, the optimal water drainage speed must not be exceeded.

After it has completely dried out, the fabric is lifted off the drainage element, so this generally does not form part of the finished fabric. At the same time, the surface of the fabric can be treated with additional additives if necessary, thereby coating the surface with a protective layer, making it antistatic, dust and liquid repellent and resistant to friction, possibly further discolouring, etc. The fabric can now be attached to a support structure or connected, making this usable for further use. Now referring to the accompanying drawings 1 shows a flat structure 1 during the manufacturing process, namely during drying. For this purpose, the fabric 1 is arranged on a drainage element, which is designed here as a wooden grid 2 and a sieve-like fabric 3 placed thereon.

To a significant extent, the water withdrawal is determined by the properties of the fabric 3, the material and other parameters of which are chosen with regard to it.

The fabric 1 itself is formed from several layers 4, 5 and 6 of the mass, each of which is made of a different fibrous material and treated with different additives. As a result, the surface parts 7, 8, 9 and 10 have different characters, which, combined with the formed shape, trigger artistic effects of high aesthetic quality. The motif on the surface of the kitchen area thus arises from the combination of the effects of the materials of layers 4 to 6, the additives used, the colors and the shape of the surface areas 7 to 10. At the end of the manufacturing process, the area 1 becomes lifted off the fabric 3 and can continue to be used. For this purpose, the flat structure 1 according to FIG. 2 is fastened to a frame 11, which provides increased stability and the possibility of connecting the flat structure 1. The easiest way to attach the sheet 1 to the frame 11 is with a suitable adhesive. 2, the surface parts 7 to 10 can still be seen.

In Fig. 3 the back of the sheet 1 is shown, which is provided with a profile 12 which increases the stability of the sheet 1. This profile 12 is itself formed from the material of the fabric 1, namely in the way that the mass was applied to a water removal element which had a shape corresponding to the negative of this profile 12, which when applied by the Mass was filled in with this embodiment there is no need for an additional frame.

In the application case I shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the room divider is constructed from two types of flat structures 1 and 12. The fabrics 1 have a substantially flat surface, during which the surface of the

Flat structures 12 are curved (see also FIG. 6). Both types of fabrics 1 and 12 can be produced as described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3. As can be seen from Fig. 4, the fabrics 1 and 12 are connected to each other, whereby a self-supporting construction is created. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 5, the flat structures 1, 12 are each fastened to the frame 11 and the frames 11 are connected by screws to a plate 14 made of wood or suitable metal. If both sides of a wall of the room part are to serve as the outer surface, then two plates 14 can be arranged facing one another and connected to one another at the top with a strip 15 and below in a foot part 16.

In this embodiment, all the options mentioned in connection with the production of the flat structures 1, 12 are available, as a result of which the humane environment can be formed in the interiors. However, this design is also suitable for industrial mass production, which is important in view of the costs associated with the room divider.

7 and 8 illustrate the versatility of the possible uses of the area according to the invention using the example of a stage kiss. To form the stage set shown, three different larger flat structures 17, 18 and 19 and two smaller ones are used

Sheets 20 and 21 are required, the latter being connected to the former with a connection which enables a quick connection, for example with zippers. The separating surfaces between the flat structures 17 to 19 are indicated in FIG. 7 with a broken line. The flat structures 17 are designed such that they cover the separating surfaces between them and the flat structures 18 and thereby make them invisible.

The sheets 17 to 19 have a curved shape and are attached to a likewise curved frame 22. On the frame 22, a support structure 23 of the stage sets is attached, whereby the scenes can be connected to each other or moved. The flat structures 20 and 21 are arranged such that they cover the separating surfaces between the two flat structures 19. They are fastened by the zippers after the stage set has been assembled, i.e. pressed onto the surface of the fabrics 19.

The fabrics 17 to 21 can also be produced in this case with the technology already described, the variability, the creation of various, especially natural visual effects are also available here, during which the specific weight is extremely low. These features are particularly important in stage sets.

In addition to these examples, the fabrics made using the method according to the invention can be used in a fairly wide range. With the appropriate selection of fibers and additives, not only aesthetic, artistic effects can be called in advance, but also technical problems can be solved. The insulating ability of the flat structures should be mentioned, which also enables the subsequent heat and / or noise isolation of rooms while at the same time fulfilling the aesthetic aspects. With the wide variability of the material properties of the surface structures, for example, severe acoustic problems can be solved, the various surface structures being usable as "acoustic tiles", each of which can have a different, best-serving sound absorption. An important feature of the method according to the invention is that the treated fibrous materials, additives and the method itself are relatively inexpensive, nevertheless the task set is completely fulfilled by the invention. The tests with the method according to the invention have demonstrated several unexpected properties. It should be emphasized, among other things, that the individual layers of the flat structures are extremely firmly connected to one another, and they cannot be separated from one another even by force. The surface of the fabrics is also durable and rub-resistant, so that the aesthetic appearance is maintained for a long time.

Claims

Claims:

1.Procedure for the treatment of fibrous materials, in particular for the production of reliefs, wherein at least one fiber is used, from which a suspension is made, to which additives are added and from which a sheet is formed, characterized in that the suspension is subjected to a partial removal of water, whereby a viscous mass is formed, then shaping mechanical effects are exerted on the surface of the mass to form the fabric, and finally the liquid content of the mass is removed in a controlled, slow manner until it dries out.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several types of fiber materials are used, which are suspended separately, then comminuted and mixed together to form a suspension.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several types of fiber materials are used, which are mixed together, then suspended and crushed.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additives are mixed in two stages, namely after the preparation of the suspension and before the mass has dried out.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the first stage the material properties of the suspension-determining additives, in particular the hydrophilic, the voluminous, the water- and dust-repellent property, the volume mass, the stiffness and / or the resistance to impurities, are admixed become.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the second stage, the surface quality of the fabrics determine, in particular the coloring, liquid and rub resistant and / or antistatic additives are added.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the suspension is compressed to a dry matter content of 25% by volume, in particular 12% by volume, to form the viscous mass.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mass is arranged on a drainage element, by means of which the rate of water removal is regulated.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface of the mass arranged on the drainage element is formed mechanically, in particular by pressing on a surface profile and / or by shaping by hand.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one further layer of the composition with at least partially different material properties is applied to the surface provided with a shaping.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the additionally applied layer is formed from a different fiber material and / or is treated with different additives, in particular with other colors.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the additionally applied layer is subjected to mechanical shaping and / or by hand.

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the mass arranged on the drainage element is subjected to mechanical compression or pressing during the shaping.

14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the material of the Drainage element and thereby the speed of water removal from the mass can be selected according to the fiber materials used.

15. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the dewatering element is removed after the mass has dried out.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that after the mass has dried out, the surface is treated with these final chemicals.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that after drying and removal of the mass from the drainage element, the fabric is attached to a support structure.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the holding structures of the flat structures are connected to one another as a frame of a modular construction.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the individual flat panels are formed as parts of a stage backdrop, the holding structures being coupled to one another with a quickly detachable connection.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that further flat structures, advantageously smaller in area, are fastened to the surface of the flat structures with a tendon connection.