WO1987001575A1 - Ultrasonic instrument for surgical operations - Google Patents

Ultrasonic instrument for surgical operations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987001575A1
WO1987001575A1 PCT/JP1986/000361 JP8600361W WO8701575A1 WO 1987001575 A1 WO1987001575 A1 WO 1987001575A1 JP 8600361 W JP8600361 W JP 8600361W WO 8701575 A1 WO8701575 A1 WO 8701575A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
ultrasonic vibration
cutting
shaped
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1986/000361
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Morito Idemoto
Yasuo Noguchi
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited filed Critical Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited
Priority to DE8686904378T priority Critical patent/DE3687833T2/de
Publication of WO1987001575A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987001575A1/ja

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/32007Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with suction or vacuum means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/320068Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
    • A61B2017/320072Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
    • A61B2017/320078Tissue manipulating surface
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00005Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
    • A61B2018/00011Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/005Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2217/00General characteristics of surgical instruments
    • A61B2217/002Auxiliary appliance
    • A61B2217/007Auxiliary appliance with irrigation system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/71Suction drainage systems
    • A61M1/77Suction-irrigation systems
    • A61M1/772Suction-irrigation systems operating alternately

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a surgical tool for cutting and separating a biological tissue by ultrasonic vibration.
  • a cutting tool driven by an electric or pneumatic motor is used, in particular, for cutting a bone, and the like.
  • a cutting tool having a metal saw blade at the tip end is vibrated.
  • the amplitude of the cutting tool is about 0.5 to 5 and the frequency is about 1 to 5 KHz.
  • the cutting speed is affected by the magnitude of the amplitude, but this cutting tool is about 0.5 to 5 MI. Due to the vibration at the amplitude, the nerve tissue could be damaged if the cutting tool came into contact with the nerve tissue during cutting.
  • a number of surgical tools using ultrasonic waves have been developed, and the working part connected to the ultrasonic vibration source is ultrasonically vibrated, and other than elastic tissues such as blood vessels in contact with the working part.
  • Surgical tools for crushing and removing aspirated biological tissues eg, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-39197, US Patent No. 3,589,363
  • a surgical tool having a metal working part having a saw-shaped cutting tooth connected to a vibration source, which has been developed for cutting and separating hard and hard biological tissues For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-46,990, U.S. Pat. No. 4,188,952
  • a surgical tool having a knife-shaped metal blade for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,714,890, 2,845.072, 3,832,776)
  • a surgical tool having a medullary cavity rasp ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ Co-over port Rete' de
  • the SONIC SURGERY System which is a product of Howaedica, Inc., is known.
  • surgical tools that are connected to an ultrasonic vibration source and have a metal working unit wear and wear the cutting teeth and blades during the process of returning and cutting hard tissue such as bone.
  • the cutting speed may be reduced due to deformation, etc., and since the working part that comes into contact with the biological tissue is made of metal, it may cause damage to the god fabric in an electric single failure state. There is a danger of giving a shock.
  • the present invention solves such problems of conventional surgical tools by improving the work efficiency of cutting and separating by ultrasonic vibration, and reducing the frictional heat generated at the time of cutting and separating to the working part. Prevents the biological tissue in contact from being destroyed, prevents the mechanical strength of the working part from being reduced due to heat generated during continuous operation, and prevents the metal blade of the surgical tool from being damaged. In addition to preventing abrasion deformation, it can also prevent the electrical shock from being applied to the nervous system in the event of an electrical failure, and is useful for cutting and separating living organisms, especially periosteum, etc. The aim was to provide surgical tools for use. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention relates to a surgical tool for cutting and separating biological tissue according to ultrasonic vibration, which is connected to a ultrasonic vibration source and performs mechanical vibration at an ultrasonic frequency to transmit ultrasonic vibration.
  • the tool has at least one of a blade-shaped part that forms a predetermined angle with respect to the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic frequency and a blade-shaped part that is almost parallel to the vibration direction, and comes into contact with biological tissue.
  • Became ⁇ A surgical unit having a spoon-shaped working part, and a liquid passage passing through the inside of the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device, and having an opening part for opening the liquid passage to the working part. Provide surgical tools.
  • all or a surface portion of the spoon-shaped working portion having a blade-shaped portion in contact with the biological tissue is formed of ceramic.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a related structure of a surgical tool according to an embodiment of the present invention and an operating device for operating the tool
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing an ultrasonic vibration transmission tool used in the surgical tool
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the working part of the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device of FIG. 2 as viewed from above in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the working part shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a state in which the part is deformed.
  • FIG. 5 is a view showing the deformation of the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of use of a surgical tool. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing a related configuration of a surgical tool according to an embodiment of the present invention and an operating device for operating the same.
  • the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 1 includes an ultrasonic vibration source 4 and an ultrasonic vibration transmitting device 5 connected thereto, and further includes a ultrasonic vibration source.
  • the transmitting tool 5 extends from the large-diameter base portion 30 and the base portion 30 connected to the ultrasonic vibration source 4 in a direction substantially parallel to the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic vibration source 4. It has a joint part 6 and a spoon-shaped working part 7 provided at the tip end of the joint part 6.
  • the lateral surface of the joint 6 gradually decreases from the base portion 30 toward the working portion 7, and is thus transmitted from the cryogenic vibration source 4 to the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 5.
  • the mechanical vibration at the ultrasonic frequency is amplified at the joint 6 and transmitted to the working unit 7.
  • the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device 5 is provided with a liquid passage 21 extending in the longitudinal direction in the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device 5 as shown in FIG.
  • the liquid passage 21 has left and right opening portions 20, which open to the opening portion 20 and the working portion 7, respectively, which are connected to the pipe 14. .
  • the ultrasonic vibration source 4 When an ultrasonic frequency electric signal is sent to the ultrasonic vibration source 4 through the ultrasonic oscillation circuit 1 and the cables 2 and 3, the ultrasonic vibration source 4 generates mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic frequency. generate .
  • Both the magnetostrictive type and the electrostrictive type can be used as the vibration source 4, and the mechanical vibration of the vibration frequency generated by the vibration source 4 is extremely high. It is propagated to the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 5, and further expanded at the joint 6 of the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 5 and transmitted to the working unit 7.
  • the working unit 7 is in direct contact with the biological tissue, and cuts and separates the biological tissue according to mechanical vibration at an ultrasonic frequency.
  • the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic frequency of the working section 7 can be selected, for example, in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction with respect to the axis of the joint 6 depending on the working condition. Limited to Not something.
  • the working unit 7 When the working unit 7 performs mechanical vibration of ultrasonic frequency, when supplying a liquid such as a solution to the working unit 7, the solution injection device 10, the solution is a tube 11, and a switching valve. It is sent to the ultrasonic vibration transmitter 5 through the tubes 12, 13, and 14.
  • the type of this solution is not particularly limited, but a solution having a small effect on biological tissues such as physiological saline is preferred.
  • the solution that has passed through the pipe enters the opening 20 as shown in FIG. 2 and flows out through the opening 22 of the spoon-shaped working unit 7 through the liquid passage 21. .
  • the working part 7 is cooled by this solution, and the temperature of the working part 7 is prevented from rising due to frictional heat accompanying the cutting separation caused by the mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic frequency.
  • the material of the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 5 is not particularly limited, but a tensile alloy having a large tensile strength / fatigue strength—a titanium alloy is preferred.
  • FIG. 5 shows a deformation of the ultrasonic vibration transmission device shown in FIGS. That is, the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device 5 shown in FIG.
  • the overall ultrasonic vibration transmitting device in FIG. 5 is slightly longer as a whole and has a curved shape as compared with the ultrasonic vibration transmitting devices in FIGS. 1 and 2. For example, as in the case of cutting bone at the back of the cavity, it can be suitably used for a treatment at a deep part, a narrow part, or the like.
  • the overall shape of the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 5, the angle of the joint 6 with respect to the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic vibration Ii 4, and the like are not particularly limited, and the position of the surgical site is not particularly limited. Can be selected according to the shape.
  • the working part 7 shown in FIG. 2 has a spoon shape opened upward, and the periphery of the spoon shape has a blade-shaped part. Immediately as shown in Fig. 3, the working part 7 is located at the tip (right end in Fig. 3) and the rear end (left end in Fig. 3) of the spoon.
  • the blade-shaped portions 25 and 31 form a predetermined angle (approximately right angle in the illustrated embodiment) with respect to the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic frequency, and both side portions of the spoon (FIG. 3).
  • blade-shaped portions 23 and 24 extending substantially parallel to the above-mentioned vibration direction.
  • the blades 23, 24, and 25 are shown.
  • the working part 7 of the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device 5 shown in FIG. 5 is also the same as that in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the blade-shaped part 23, 24, 24 shown in FIG. It has a blade-shaped part like 25.31.
  • blade-shaped portions are not particularly limited.
  • only the blade-shaped portion 25 having an angle with respect to the mechanical vibration direction of the ultrasonic frequency may be used.
  • a combination of parallel blades 23 and 24 or 24 is acceptable. It is clear that the blade-shaped portion 31 is omitted. In essence, you can choose according to the site of the treatment.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of use of the surgical instrument of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows the operation of separating the periosteum 2b by applying the blade-shaped part of the spoon-shaped working part 7 of the ultrasonic vibration transmitter 5 to the boundary between the bone 27 and the periosteum 2b extending thereabove.
  • FIG. 6 ⁇ shows an operation of cutting and removing the head 28 from the blade-shaped part of the working part 7 having a spoon-like shape in the head resection.
  • Fig. 6 shows the situation where cutting or separation is performed using the blade-shaped portion 25 at the end of the spoon shape, but the position and angle of the surgical site are different.
  • a blade 23 or 24 on the side of the spoon can be used, without any burden on the surgeon. Surgery can be performed smoothly.
  • the blade-shaped part 23 and the part 24 can be straightened as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5; It is preferable that the shape shown in FIG. 6 be recessed downward as shown in FIG. 6, since cutting and separation are easy and the operation can be performed efficiently.
  • the material of the core material is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit mechanical vibration at ultrasonic frequency.
  • the working portion 7 has a hardness that can prevent wear deformation of the blade-shaped portion at the time of cutting and separating hard biological tissue such as bone from the surface portion which is in direct contact with the whole or biological tissue.
  • It is composed of an inorganic material having an electric resistance of 8 or more. It is as its Yo U inorganic materials, A J2 2 0 3 system,
  • the thickness of the ceramic layer should be 171 to 1.5 mm, preferably 3 j ⁇ m to 1.0 Oral. If the thickness is less than l ⁇ m, the wear resistance is insufficient, and if the thickness is more than 1.5, the ceramic layer is easily peeled off. Kunya.
  • the work part 7 is separated from the ultrasonic vibration transmitter 5 and separated from other parts. Then, after covering the ceramic, attach it to the tip of the ultrasonic vibration transmitter 7 with a screw or other method and fix it.
  • the ceramic part to be used as the working part 7 is attached to the tip of the ultrasonic vibration transmission device 7 with a screw or the like. use .
  • operations such as biological tissue, especially cutting of bone, separation of periosteum, and cutting and separation of deposits such as calcium mass are compared with cutting and separation using conventional surgical tools. It can be performed quickly and without the need for technical skill, and the generation of friction between the working part and the biological tissue due to the mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic frequency. In this way, the biological tissue of the surface to be cut can be kept active, and the heat generated by the ultrasonic vibration transmitting device that vibrates the ultrasonic wave can be maintained.

Description

明 細 書 纏音蒙外科手鲁用具 技術分野
本発明 は、 超音波振動 に ょ り 、 生物组織を切削分離す るための外科手術用具に関するものでぁる 。 背景技術
従来、 神経外科ゃ形成外科にぉける骨切 り 術等で は、 生物耝織、 特に硬骨組織、 钦骨耝織及び骨膜等の切削分 離に は、 Kerri son鉗子、 歯槽骨鉗子、 ド リ ル、 メ ス、 ガ ゥジュ ( Gouge 、 円 のみ ) 等が用ぃ ら れて ぃるが、 切削' 分離作業の効率が悪く 長時間を要 し 、 手術者に多大の労 カがかか り 、 且っ 切削分離に高度の技術を必要と す る と ぃ ぅ 欠点がぁった 。
次に 、 電動 、 気動式モー タ ーを駆動源 とする切断ェ具 が、 特に 、 硬骨の切断等に使用さ れてぉ り 、 これはモー タ ーの回転運動をカ ム等に ょって直線運動 に変換 し 、 先 端に金厲製のの こぎ り 刃 を有 し た切断具を振動 させて ぃ る 。 切断具の振幅は 0 . 5 〜 5 程度で 、 周波数は 1 〜 5 KHz 程度でぁ り 切断速度は振幅の大きさ に影響さ れる しか し 、 この切断ェ具は 0 . 5 〜 5 MI程度の振幅で振動 し てぃるため、 切断中神経耝織に切断具が接触 し た場合 神経耝織を損傷する恐れがぁっ た 。 ま た、 超音波を利用 し た外科手術用具も多数開発さ れ てぉ り 、 超音波振動源に接続された作業部を超音波振動 させ、 接触 した血管等の弾カ性のぁる組織以外の钦質生 物組織を破砕し吸引除去する為の外科手術用具 ( 例ぇぱ、 日本特公昭 4 7 — 3 9 1 9 7 号公報、 米国特許第 3 , 5 8 9 , 3 6 3 号 ) ゃ、 硬質及ぴ软質の生物耝織の切断分 離用 と して開発された、 迢音波振動源に接続さ れ鋸状の 切断歯を有した金属製の作業部を有する外科手術用具 ( 例ぇば、 日本特公昭 5 1 - 4 6 , 9 9 0 号公報、 米国 特許第 4 , 1 8 8 , 9 5 2 号 ) 、 ナィ フ形状の金属刃 を 有する外科手術用具 ( 例ぇば、 米国特許第 2 , 7 1 4 , 8 9 0号、 第 2 , 8 4 5 . 0 7 2号、 第 3 , 8 3 2 , 7 7 6号) 、 骨髄腔ラスプ ( Rasp) を有する外科手術用具 ( 搠ぇぱ、 ハゥメ ディ カ ィ ンコ ーポ レーテッ ド
( Howaedica, Inc. ) の製品でぁるソ ニッ ク サー ジャ リ ー システム ( SONIC SURGERY System) な どが知 ら れ て ぃる。
しか し 、 超音波振動を利用 して生物耝織を破砕 し吸引 除去する外科手術用具は、 生物组織、 特に骨な どの硬ぃ 組織の切削ゃ骨膜等の分離に使用するの は難か し く 、 ま た 、 超音波振動源に接続された骨髄ラスプを有する外科 手術用具は、 軟骨ゃ硬骨の切断は可能でぁるが 、 切断面 の生物耝織をラスプの摩擦熱で頹壊 し 、 骨膜等の分離及 び切削作業に使用するの は難か し く 、 連続作業の場合超 音波振動に ょ り 手術用具が発熟 し 、 手術用具自体の機梂 的強度も低下する とぃぅ欠点がぁった 。 ま た 、 超音波振 動源に接続さ れ金属製の作業部を有 し た外科手術用具は、 骨な どの硬ぃ耝織を锞返 し切断する過程で、 切断歯部ゃ 刃部の摩耗変形等に ょ り 、 切断速度が低下する恐れがぁ り 、 ま た生物組鑌と接触する作業部が金属でぁるため 、 電気的な単ー故障状態で神轻耝織に対 し て m気シ ョ ッ ク が与ぇられる等の危険がぁる。
本発明は、 従来の外科手術用具の このょ ぅ な問題点を 解決するため 、 超音波振動 に ょる切削分離の作業効率を 向上させ、 切削分離時に発生する摩擦熱に ょっ て作業部 に接触 した生物耝織が頹壊するのを防止 し 、 連続作業時 の発熱に ょ る作業部の機搣的強度の低下を防止 し 、 ぁる ぃは、 外科手術用具の金属製の刃部の摩耗変形を防止す る と共に 、 電気的な単ー故障状態で神経組耧に電気的シ ョ ッ ク が加ゎるのを防止 し得る ょ ぅ な 、 生物耝鑌、 特に 骨膜等の切削分離に用ぃるための外科手術用具を提供す る こ とを 目 的と したぁのでぁる 。 発明の開示
即ち本発明 は、 超音波振動 に ょ り生物組織を切削分離 するた めの外科手術用具にぉぃて 、 迢音波振動源に接続 さ れ超音波周波数の機械的振動を行ぅ超音波振動伝達具 が、 超音波周波数の機械的振動方向に対 し所定の角度を なす刃形状部 とその振動方向にほ 平行な刃形状部 との 少な く ともー方を有 し生物耝織 と接触するょ ぅ に なった スプー ン形状の作業部、 及び該超音波振動伝達具の内部 を通る液体通路を有 し 、 液体通路が該作業部に開ロする 開ロ部を有 してぃるこ とを特徴 とする外科手術用具を提 供する。
好ま し く は、 生物耝織 と接触する刃形状部を有するス プー ン形状の作業部の全部ま た は表層部がセラ ミ ック ょ り 構成される。 図面の簡単な説明
'第 1 図は、 本発明実施例の外科手術用具 とこれを作動 するための作動装置との関連構成を示す図、 第 2 図 は上 記外科手術用具にぉける超音波振動伝達具を示す概略断 面図、 第 3 図は第 2 図の超音波振動伝達具の作業部を第 2 図の上方から見た状態を示す拡大図、 第 4 図は第 2 図 に示される作業部のー部を変形 した状態を示す拡大図 、 第 5 図は第 2 図の超音波振動伝達具の変形を示す 、 第 2 図 と周様の図、 第 6 図(a) , ^は、 本発明の外科手術用具 の具体的な使用例を示す図でぁる。 発明を実施するための最良の形態 以下、 図面を参照 し て本発明を詳細に説明する 。
第 1 図 は、 本発明実施例の外科手術用具 と これを作動 する作動装置と の関連構成を示す図でぁる 。 同図に示さ れた外科手術用具は、 超音波振動源 4 と これに連結され た超音波振動伝達具 5 と を備ぇて ぉ り 、 ま た迢音波振動 伝達具 5 は、 超音波振動源 4 に連結さ れた大径の べ ー ス 部 3 0 と 、 ぺ ー ス部 3 0 か ら 、 超音波振動源 4 の 機械的 振動方向 に ほ 平行 に延ぴる接合部 6 と 、 接合部 6 の先 端に設け ら れた スプ ー ン形状の作業部 7 と を有 し て ぃ る 。 接合部 6 の横靳面 は 、 べ ー ス部 3 0 か ら 作業部 7 へ 向 け て 徐々 に 減少 し て ぉ り 、 従っ て 迢音波振動源 4 か ら 超音 波振動伝達具 5 に伝達さ れた超音波周波数の機械的振動 は接合部 6 で拡大さ れて 作業部 7 に 伝達さ れる 。 ま た 、 超音波振動伝達具 5 に は 、 第 2 図 に示 し た ょ ぅ に 、 超音 波振動伝達具 5 内 を 長手方向 ぺ延ぴる液体通路 2 1 が設 け ら れて ぃる 。 こ の液体通路 2 1 は 、 そ の左右両端 に 、 そ れぞれパィ プ 1 4 に連結さ れる 開ロ部 2 0及ぴ作業部 7 に 開ロ する開 ロ部 2 2 を有 し て ぃ る 。
超音波発振回路 1 ょ り ケ ー プル 2 , 3 を通っ て 超音波 振動 源 4 に 超音波周波数の電気信号が送 ら れる と 、 超音 波振動源 4 は超音波周 波数の機械的振動 を発生さ せ る 。 迢音波振動源 4 と し て は磁歪型及び電歪型の ぃず れも使 用 す る こ と ができ 、 迢眘波搌動源 4 で発生 し た 迢音波周 波数の機械的振動 は超音波振動伝達具 5 に伝播 さ れ 、 そ し て 、 更に超音波振動伝達具 5 の 接合部 6 で 拡大さ れて 作業部 7 に伝播さ れる 。 作業部 7 は 、 生物耝織 と直接接 触 し 、 超音波周波数の 璣械的振動 に ょ っ て 生物耝織を切 削分離する 。 ま た 、 作業部 7 の超音波周波数の機械的振 動方向 は 、 作業の状況 に ょ っ て 、 例 ぇば接合部 6 の軸線 に 対 し て縦方向 、 横方向等が選択で き 、 特 に 限定 さ れる ものではなぃ。
作業部 7 が超音波周波数の機械的振動を行なっ てぃる 時、 作業部 7 に溶液等の液体を供給する場合は、 溶液注 入裝置 1 0 ょ り 、 溶液がチュープ 1 1 、 切換ぇ弁 1 2、 チュープ 1 3 、 パィ プ 1 4 を通っ て超音波振動伝達具 5 に送 られる。 この溶液の種類は特に限定されるものでは なぃが、 生理食塩水等の生物組織に対する影響の少 く な ぃものが好ま しぃ。 パィプを通った溶液は、 第 2 図に示 し た様に、 開ロ部 2 0 に入 り 、 液体通路 2 1 を通っ て ス プー ン形状の作業部 7 の開ロ部 2 2 ょ り流れ出る 。 この 溶液に ょっ て作業部 7 が冷却さ れ、 超音波周波数の璣搣 的振動 に ょる切削分離に伴ぅ摩擦熱に ょって作業部 7 の 温度が上昇するのを防ぐこ と ができ、 ま た 、 連続使用時 に ぉける超音波振動伝達具 5 の発熟を抑ぇ、 超音波振動 伝達具 5 の撐楨的強度の劣化を防ぐこ と ができる 。 尚、 超音波振動伝達具 5 の材質は特に限定はさ れなぃが、 引 張強度ゃ疲労強度の大きぃチタ ン合金が好ま し ぃ 。
ま た 、 作業部 7 の機梂的振動 に ょ り切削分離さ れた微 細な生物钽織を吸引 除去する場合は、 切削分離後、 第 1 図に示 した切換ぇ弁 1 2 の操作に ょってチューブ 1 3 と チューブ 1 5 をっなぎ、 吸引装置 1 7 に ょ り役目 を終ぇ た溶液と共に 、 第 2 図の作業部 7 の開ロ部 2 2 ょ り液体 通路 2 1 、 開ロ部 1 2 0 を通 り 、 第 1 図のパィ プ 1 4、 チュープ 1 3 、 切換ぇ弁 1 2 、 チュープ 1 5 を通っ て ポ 卜ル 1 8 に吸引 、 排出さ れる 。 第 5 図 は 、 第 Ί 図及び第 2 図 に示さ れた超音波振動伝 達具の変形を示 し て ぃ る 。 即ち 第 5 図の迢音波振動伝達 具 5 は 、 そ の超音波振動伝達具の接合部 6 が 、 超音波振 動源 4 の機搣的振動方向 に対 し て所定の角度で傾斜 し か っ ゎ ん 曲 し て延びて ぃる 。 こ の場合、 接合部 6 の機械的 振動方向 は 、 接合部 6 の軸線 と周 じ 方向 、 即ち そ の長手 方向でぁ る 。 第 5 図の迢音波振動伝達具は 、 第 1 図及び 第 2 図の超音波振動伝達具 に 比較 し て 、 全体が若干長 く 、 ゎん 曲 し た形状を有 し て ぃるが 、 こ れ に ょ り 例 ぇば、 ロ 腔奥部の骨の切削 に ぉ け る様に 、 奥 ま っ た 部位、 狭ぃ部 位等で の施術 に好適 に使用 す る こ と ができ る 。 超音波振 動伝達具 5 の全体の さ ゃ形状 、 接合部 6 が超音波振動 Ii 4 の機械的振動方向 に対 し て有する角度等 は特に 限定 さ れる もので はな く 、 術部の位置ゃ形状に応 じ て選ぷ こ と がで き る 。
第 2 図 に 示さ れて ぃる作業部 7 は上方へ開 ぃ た スプ ー ン形状に なっ て ぉ り 、 そ の スプ ー ン形状の周縁部が刃 形 状部 に なっ て ぃる 。 即 ち 第 3 図 に示 し た ょ ぅ に 、 こ の作 業部 7 は 、 上記スプ ー ン の先端 ( 第 3 図右端 ) 部分及び 後端 ( 第 3 図左端 ) 部分 にそ れぞれ位置 し 超音波周波数 の機梂的振動方向 に 対 し て 所定の角度 ( 図示実施例で は ほ ヾ 直角 ) をなす刃形状部 2 5 及び 3 1 と 、 上記スプ ー ン の両側部 ( 第 3 図 の上下部 ) に位置 し て ぃ て 上記璣搣 的振動方向 に ほ 平行に延びる刃 形状部 2 3 , 2 4 と を 有 し て ぃ る 。 生物耝織に 直接接触 し て 切削分離作業を行 b
ぅ のは刃形状部 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5でぁる 。
なぉ、 第 5 図に示 し た超音波振動伝達具 5 の作業部 7 も第 1 , 2図のそれと周様のもので、 第 3 図に示さ れた 刃形状部 2 3 , 2 4 , 2 5 . 3 1 と周様の刃形状部を有 してぃる。
これ ら刃形状部の形状及び配置は特に酲定されるもの ではなく 、 例ぇば、 超音波周波数の機械的振動方向 に対 し角度をもった刃形状部 2 5 のみでも良く 、 ま た 、 平行 な刃形状部 2 3及ぴノま た は 2 4を併せ持っ たものでも 良ぃ。 ま た 、 刃形状部 3 1 を省略 して ょぃこ と は明 らか でぁる 。 要は、 施術の部位ゃ 目 的に応じ て選べぱょぃ 。
第 6図は、 本発明の外科手術用具の使用例を示 し てぃ る。 第 6図 は、 超音波振動伝達具 5 のスプー ン形状の 作業部 7の刃形状部を、 骨 2 7 とその上部に ぁる骨膜 2 bの境界部分に当て 、 骨膜 2 bを分離させる作業を示 し たものでぁる 。 ま た 、 第 6図 ^は、 骨頭切除術にぉぃて 、 周様にスプー ン形状の作業部 7 の刃形状部に ょ り 骨頭 2 8 を切削除去する作業を示 したものでぁる 。 第 6図に は、 スプー ン形状の先端部に ぁる刃形状部 2 5 を用 ぃて切削 も し く は分離を行なぅ状況を示 して ぁるが 、 術部の位置 ゃ角度に応じ て 、 スプー ン形状の側部にぁる刃形状部 2 3 も し く は 2 4を用ぃる こ とができ、 これに ょって術者 に何 らの負担をかけるこ ともな く 、 手術をスム ーズに行 なぅ こ とができる 。 刃形状部 2 3 ぉ ょび 2 4 は第 1 , 2 , 5 図に示 し た ょ ぅ に真直ぐでぁっても ょぃが、 第 4図ぉ ょび第 6 図に示した ょ ぅ に下方に凹んだ形状にする方が 切削、 分離が し易 く 、 効率ょ く 手術を進める こ と ができ 好適でぁる。
次に 、 超音波振動伝達具 5 の先端部にぁって生物組織 と接触する、 全部ま た は表層部がセラ ミック ょ り 成る作 業部にっぃて述べる 。
超音波振動伝達具 5 、 及び作業部 7 の表層部がセラ ミ ック ょ り成る時はその芯材の材質は、 超音波周波数の機 械的振動を伝達できるものでぁれば特に限定 はさ れなぃ が、 引張強度ゃ疲労強度の大きぃチタ ン合金が好ま し ぃ 。 ま た 、 作業部 7 はその全部ま た は生物組織 と直接接触す る表層部が、 骨等の硬ぃ生物組織を切削分離する際の刃 形状部の摩耗変形を防止 し得るょ ぅ な硬度と耐摩耗性を ' 有 し 、 更に 、 外科手術装置の電気的な単ー故障状態で神 経組織等に電気的なシ ョ ッ ク が加ゎるのを防止 し得る
1 01 3Ω «8以上の電気抵抗を有する無機材料で構成さ れ る。 その ょ ぅ な無機材料 と して は、 A J2 2 0 3 系、
A i 03 - Z r 02 系、 S i 3 N 4 系等のセラ ミ ッ ク が使用できるが、 これら に限定されるもので はなぃ。 表 層部がセラミック に ょ り 成る作業部を用ぃる場合、 セラ ミ ック層の厚みは 1 71〜 1 . 5驄 、 好ま し く は 3 j^ m 〜 1 . O ralとするのが ょ く 、 l ^ m未満で は耐摩耗性が 不十分でぁ り 、 ま た 1 . 5顯以上で はセ ラ ミ ッ ク 層が剥 離ぁるぃは砕損 し易 く な り好ま し く なぃ 。
表層部がセ ラ ミ ッ ク ょ り 成る作業部を用 ぃる場合は、 超音波振動伝達具 5 の先端部に位置する作業部 7 のみに セラ ミ ック を被覆 し て も ょぃが、 作業部 7 を迢音波振動 伝達具 5 から切 り離 して別の部品 と して作製 し セラ ミ ッ クを被覆した後、 ネジな どの方法で超音波振動伝達具 7 の先端部に取付け、 固定 して もょぃ。 勿論、 全体がセラ ミ ッ ク ょ り成る作業部を用ぃる場合は、 作業部 7 と なる セラミ ッ ク製の部品を超音波振動伝達具 7 の先端部にネ ジなどの方法で取付けて使用 する 。 産業上の利用可能性
本発明 に従ぅ と 、 生物耝織、 特に骨の切削、 骨膜の分 鹺、 カルシゥム塊等の付着物の切削分離等の作業を 、 従 来の外科手術用具に ょる切削分離に比べて 、 技 ^の熟練 を必要 とせず、 且っ迅速に行ぅ こ とができ、 ま た 、 超音 波周波数の機械的振動 に ょ る作業部 と生物耝織 との間に ぉける摩擦熟の発生を防ぐこ と に ょって 、 切削分雛され る面の生物耝織の活性を保っ こ と ができ、 更に 、 迢音波 振動 してぃる超音波振動伝達具の熱に ょる機搣的強度の 劣化を防止する と共に、 刃形状部を有するスプー ン形状 の作業部にセラ ミッ ク を使用した場合に は、 刃形状部の 摩耗変形を小さ く する こ とができ、 ま た 、 電気的な単ー 故障状態に ょ り神経耝織に電気的シ ョ ッ クが加ゎる危険 を回避する こ とができ、 生物組織を切削分錐するための 外科手術用具 と して好適に使用,できる。

Claims

請 求 の 範 囲
1. 超音波振動 に ょ り 生物祖縝を切削分離す る た め の外科手術用具 に ぉぃて 、 超音波振動源に接続さ れ超音 波周波数の機械的振動 を行 ぅ 超音波振動伝達具 ( 5 ) が 、 超音波周波数の機械的振動方向 に対 し所定の角度を なす 刃形状部 ( 2 5 ) と 、 そ の振動方向 に ほ ヾ 平行な 刃 形状 部 ( 2 3 . 2 4 ) と の少な く と もー方を有 し生物組織 と 接触す る ょ ぅ に なっ た スプ ー ン形状の作業部 ( 7 ) 、 及 び該超音波振動伝達具の 内部を通る液体通路 ( 2 1 ) を 有 し 、 液体通路 が該作業部 に 開 ロ す る 開ロ 部 ( 2 2 ) を 有 し て ぃる こ と を特徴 と,す る外科手術用 具。
2. 超音波振動伝達具 ( 5 ) が 、 超音波振動源の機 械的振動方向 に対 し所定の角度をなす か或ぃ はその振動 方向 に ほ 平行に 延びる接合部 ( 6 ) を有 し 、 そ の接合 部の先端に 、 生物耝織 に接触す るスプー ン形状の上記作 業部が設け ら れて ぃる こ と を特徴 と す る 、 特許請求の範 囲第(1)項記載の外科手術用具 。
3. 生 ¾耝織 と接触す る刃形状部を有す る上記作業 部 ( 7 ) の全部ま た は表層部が セラ ミ ッ ク ょ り 成る こ と を特徴 と す る 、 特許請求の範囲第(1)項 も し く は第(2)項記 載の外科手術用 具 。
PCT/JP1986/000361 1985-09-20 1986-07-15 Ultrasonic instrument for surgical operations WO1987001575A1 (en)

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DE8686904378T DE3687833T2 (de) 1985-09-20 1986-07-15 Chirurgisches ultraschall-instrument.

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JP60206681A JPS6266848A (ja) 1985-09-20 1985-09-20 外科手術用具
JP60/206681 1985-09-20

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JPS6266848A (ja) 1987-03-26
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DE3687833D1 (de) 1993-04-01
EP0238667A1 (en) 1987-09-30
DE3687833T2 (de) 1993-07-22
CA1264634A (en) 1990-01-23
EP0238667B1 (en) 1993-02-24
US4832683A (en) 1989-05-23
EP0238667A4 (en) 1988-11-07

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