WO1985002949A1 - Detector for shorted rotating diode of a brushless alternator - Google Patents

Detector for shorted rotating diode of a brushless alternator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1985002949A1
WO1985002949A1 PCT/US1984/002098 US8402098W WO8502949A1 WO 1985002949 A1 WO1985002949 A1 WO 1985002949A1 US 8402098 W US8402098 W US 8402098W WO 8502949 A1 WO8502949 A1 WO 8502949A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diode
field winding
circuit
voltage
exciter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1984/002098
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
William Spencer
Melvin C. Jackovich
Original Assignee
Sundstrand Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sundstrand Corporation filed Critical Sundstrand Corporation
Publication of WO1985002949A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985002949A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H02H7/065Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors against excitation faults
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40Testing power supplies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a circuit for de ⁇ tecting the occurrence of a shorted diode in the rectifier of the rotating field of a brushless alternator.
  • a typical brushless alternator has an exciter field winding which is a part of the stator structure of the machine.
  • the rotor of the alternator includes an exciter armature in which an alternating output is developed.
  • a rectifier which is a part of the rotor is connected with the exciter armature and provides direct current excitation for the main field winding.
  • the alternator output is developed in the stator armature windings.
  • the exciter field is connected through a regulator transistor with a DC source.
  • a diode is connected in parallel with the transistor and reversely poled with respect thereto.
  • a voltage regulator circuit provides a pulse width modulated drive signal to the regulator transistor in accord ⁇ ance with the output voltage of the alternator.
  • a failed diode in the rotating rectifier causes malfunctioning of the regulator/generator com ⁇ bination and must be detected to avoid damage to the system.
  • Prior circuits have, for example, responded to the frequency and amplitude of the ripple current in the field winding, Calfee et al.. 3,210,603 and Hyvarinen 3,534,228, or compared the exciter field voltage with the alternator output. South 3,705,331. - 2 -
  • the present invention provides a detector for shorted diode rectifier in a brushless alternator, which senses the direction of current flow.through the exciter field winding circuit as an indication of the rectifier fault.
  • a resistor is connected in series with the parallel combination of the voltage regulator transistor and reversely connected diode.
  • the detector sensing circuit is responsive to polarity of the voltage across the series resistor.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a brushless alternator illustrating the system in which the de ⁇ tector is used.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the field circuit of the brushless alternator and the shorted diode rectifier detector.
  • a brushless alternator system has an exciter with a stationary field winding 10.
  • the rotor of the machine is driven by a prime mover (not shown) and includes an exciter armature winding 11 in which an alternating voltage, typically three phase, is generated.
  • a rectifier 12 is connected with the armature and provides: DC current to the main alterna ⁇ tor field winding 13.
  • Rectifier 12 is typically a three phase, full wave rectifier using six semicon ⁇ ductor diodes.
  • the alternator output is developed in stator 14, providing three phase power to ⁇ a load (not shown) .
  • Power for the exciter field is, in -the system illustrated, developed in the stator winding 15 of a permanent magnet generator (PMG) which has a permanent magnet (not shown) mechanically a part of the main machine rotor.
  • PMG permanent magnet generator
  • the three phase output of the PMG is connected with a three phase full wave rectifier 16 which provides DC power to a pulse width modulated amplifier 17 that controls the current to exciter field winding 10.
  • Voltage regulator 19 is responsive to the output voltage of the main machine providing an appropriate base drive signal to pulse width modulated amplifier 17.
  • the three phase out ⁇ put from the PMG stator is connected with three phase full wave diode rectifier 16 which has a filter capacitor 21 connected across the rectifier output, providing a DC source for exciter field winding 10.
  • the exciter field winding 10 is connected in series with the collector-emitter circuit of NPN transistor voltage regulator amplifier 17. Terminal 10a of the winding is connected with the positive terminal of the DC source and terminal 10b is con ⁇ nected with the collector element of transistor 17. The emitter element of transistor 17 is returned to the DC reference or ground 22.
  • a pulse width modulated base drive signal from the voltage regula ⁇ tor 19 is connected with the base element of tran ⁇ sistor 17, controlling conduction of the transistor and the current through field winding 10.
  • Diode 23 is connected across field winding 10 and conducts when transistor 17 is shut off to allow the current to continue to flow through the field winding *
  • Diode 24 is connected across the collector- emitter circuit of transistor 17 and poled oppositely to the emitter-collector circuit. Diode 24 limits the negative potential of the transistor collector element, and thus terminal 10b of the field winding, to one diode drop or approximately 0.5 volts, below the reference potential.
  • the field current is in the direction shown by the solid line arrow 25 through the field winding from terminal 10a to terminal 10b.
  • the generator field winding 10 acts as an energy or voltage source. This in turn influences the voltages at the field winding terminals 10a, 10b.
  • the positive end 10a of the field winding puts energy into the DC source filter capacitor 21.
  • the voltage at terminal 10a rises, back biases the PMG rectifier supply 16 and is reflected on capacitor 21.
  • This causes a reverse field current to flow from the terminal 10a through capacitor 21 and diode 24, back to the field winding 10 and diode 23.
  • the reverse current is indicated by the dashed arrow 26.
  • the reverse current which flows when a diode is shorted is utilized in the detector of this inven- tion.
  • a current sensing resistor 28 is connected between the junction of the emitter of transistor 17 with the anode of diode 24 and ground 22, and the negative terminal of the field current power supply.
  • the normal field current 25 flowing through resistor 28 establishes a voltage drop with the left end of the resistor negative and the right end positive.
  • a shorted diode and reverse field current flow causes a voltage drop with the left end of resistor 28 positive and the right end negative. This change in the polarity of the voltage across the current sensing resistor 28 signifies that there is a shorted rotat ⁇ ing rectifier.
  • a sensing circuit 30 is connected with the left end of resistor 28 and with ground 22. Upon the occurrence of a voltage positive with respect to ground at the input of sensing circuit 30, an output is established indicating that a diode in the rotat ⁇ ing rectifier is shorted. This output may be utilized to shut down the alternator or to give an alarm, as to an operator.
  • the sensing circuit 30 provides an input to the microprocessor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

A circuit for detecting the occurence of a shorted diode in the rotating rectifier (12) of a brushless alternator (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). A sensing circuit (30) is responsive to the direction (25, 26) of current flow through the exciter field winding (10). A reversal of the current indicates that there is a shorted rectifier diode.

Description

Description
Detector for Shorted Rotating Diode of a Brushless Alternator
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a circuit for de¬ tecting the occurrence of a shorted diode in the rectifier of the rotating field of a brushless alternator.
Background of the Invention
A typical brushless alternator has an exciter field winding which is a part of the stator structure of the machine. The rotor of the alternator includes an exciter armature in which an alternating output is developed. A rectifier which is a part of the rotor is connected with the exciter armature and provides direct current excitation for the main field winding. The alternator output is developed in the stator armature windings. The exciter field is connected through a regulator transistor with a DC source. A diode is connected in parallel with the transistor and reversely poled with respect thereto. A voltage regulator circuit provides a pulse width modulated drive signal to the regulator transistor in accord¬ ance with the output voltage of the alternator.
A failed diode in the rotating rectifier causes malfunctioning of the regulator/generator com¬ bination and must be detected to avoid damage to the system. Prior circuits have, for example, responded to the frequency and amplitude of the ripple current in the field winding, Calfee et al.. 3,210,603 and Hyvarinen 3,534,228, or compared the exciter field voltage with the alternator output. South 3,705,331. - 2 -
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a detector for shorted diode rectifier in a brushless alternator, which senses the direction of current flow.through the exciter field winding circuit as an indication of the rectifier fault.
More particularly, a resistor is connected in series with the parallel combination of the voltage regulator transistor and reversely connected diode. The detector sensing circuit is responsive to polarity of the voltage across the series resistor.
Further features and advantages of the in¬ vention will be apparent from the following specification and from the drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a block diagram of a brushless alternator illustrating the system in which the de¬ tector is used; and
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the field circuit of the brushless alternator and the shorted diode rectifier detector.
Detailed Description of the Invention
A brushless alternator system, elements of which are shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, has an exciter with a stationary field winding 10. The rotor of the machine is driven by a prime mover (not shown) and includes an exciter armature winding 11 in which an alternating voltage, typically three phase, is generated. A rectifier 12 is connected with the armature and provides: DC current to the main alterna¬ tor field winding 13. Rectifier 12 is typically a three phase, full wave rectifier using six semicon¬ ductor diodes. The alternator output is developed in stator 14, providing three phase power to <a load (not shown) . Power for the exciter field is, in -the system illustrated, developed in the stator winding 15 of a permanent magnet generator (PMG) which has a permanent magnet (not shown) mechanically a part of the main machine rotor. The three phase output of the PMG is connected with a three phase full wave rectifier 16 which provides DC power to a pulse width modulated amplifier 17 that controls the current to exciter field winding 10. Voltage regulator 19 is responsive to the output voltage of the main machine providing an appropriate base drive signal to pulse width modulated amplifier 17.
Turning now to Figure 2, the three phase out¬ put from the PMG stator is connected with three phase full wave diode rectifier 16 which has a filter capacitor 21 connected across the rectifier output, providing a DC source for exciter field winding 10.
The exciter field winding 10 is connected in series with the collector-emitter circuit of NPN transistor voltage regulator amplifier 17. Terminal 10a of the winding is connected with the positive terminal of the DC source and terminal 10b is con¬ nected with the collector element of transistor 17. The emitter element of transistor 17 is returned to the DC reference or ground 22. A pulse width modulated base drive signal from the voltage regula¬ tor 19 is connected with the base element of tran¬ sistor 17, controlling conduction of the transistor and the current through field winding 10. Diode 23 is connected across field winding 10 and conducts when transistor 17 is shut off to allow the current to continue to flow through the field winding*
Diode 24 is connected across the collector- emitter circuit of transistor 17 and poled oppositely to the emitter-collector circuit. Diode 24 limits the negative potential of the transistor collector element, and thus terminal 10b of the field winding, to one diode drop or approximately 0.5 volts, below the reference potential.
In normal operation, i.e., without a shorted diode in the rotating rectifier, the field current is in the direction shown by the solid line arrow 25 through the field winding from terminal 10a to terminal 10b.
Upon occurrence of a shorted diode in the rotating rectifier, the generator field winding 10 acts as an energy or voltage source. This in turn influences the voltages at the field winding terminals 10a, 10b. The positive end 10a of the field winding puts energy into the DC source filter capacitor 21. The voltage at terminal 10a rises, back biases the PMG rectifier supply 16 and is reflected on capacitor 21. This causes a reverse field current to flow from the terminal 10a through capacitor 21 and diode 24, back to the field winding 10 and diode 23. The reverse current is indicated by the dashed arrow 26. The reverse current which flows when a diode is shorted is utilized in the detector of this inven- tion. A current sensing resistor 28 is connected between the junction of the emitter of transistor 17 with the anode of diode 24 and ground 22, and the negative terminal of the field current power supply. The normal field current 25 flowing through resistor 28 establishes a voltage drop with the left end of the resistor negative and the right end positive. A shorted diode and reverse field current flow causes a voltage drop with the left end of resistor 28 positive and the right end negative. This change in the polarity of the voltage across the current sensing resistor 28 signifies that there is a shorted rotat¬ ing rectifier.
A sensing circuit 30 is connected with the left end of resistor 28 and with ground 22. Upon the occurrence of a voltage positive with respect to ground at the input of sensing circuit 30, an output is established indicating that a diode in the rotat¬ ing rectifier is shorted. This output may be utilized to shut down the alternator or to give an alarm, as to an operator. In a system having a pro¬ gramed microprocessor generator control, the sensing circuit 30 provides an input to the microprocessor.

Claims

Detector for Shorted Rotating Diode of a Brushless AlternatorClaims
1. In a brushless alternator having an exciter field circuit including a source of DC potential with a reference, a stationary exciter field winding and a voltage regulator transistor connected in series with the field winding across the DC source, a rotor with an exciter armature, a diode rectifier connected with said armature and a main field winding connected with the diode recti¬ fier, a stator winding in which the alternator out- put voltage is developed coupled with the main field winding, and a voltage regulator responsive to the alternator output providing a base drive signal to the voltage regulator transistor, an improved de- tector for a shorted diode rectifier, comprising: a sensing circuit responsive to the direc- tion of current flow through the generator field winding for indicating the occurrence of a shorted diode on the rotor.
2. The shorted diode detector of claim 1 in which the sensing circuit is responsive to the direction of current flow through the circuit of the generator field winding.
3. The shorted diode detector of claim 2 in which a resistor is connected in series with the generator field winding, the polarity of the voltage across the resistor indicating the*direction of cur¬ rent flow through the field winding, and in which said sensing circuit is responsive to the polarity of the voltage across said resistor.
4. The shorted diode detector of claim 1 wherein the exciter field winding and the emitter collector circuit of the voltage regulator transis- tor are connected in series across a DC source, and a diode is connected in parallel with the transistor and reversely poled with respect to the emitter col¬ lector circuit, the detector including a current in- dicating resistor connected in series with the tran¬ sistor and diode to conduct field current in either direction and in which said sensing circuit is con¬ nected with the resistor and is responsive to the polarity of the voltage across the resistor.
5. In a brushless alternator having a sta- tionary exciter field winding, a rotor with an exciter armature, a diode rectifier connected with said armature and a main field winding connected with the diode rectifier, and a stator winding in which the alternator output voltage is developed coupled with the main field winding, an exciter field circuit including a voltage regulator transistor connected with the exciter field winding, a DC power supply for said exciter field circuit, said power supply having a shunt connected capacitor across its output, and a voltage regulator responsive to the alternator output providing a base drive signal to the voltage regula- tor transistor, the circuit of the exciter field winding in series with the parallel combination of the voltage regulator transistor and shunt diode being connected across said power .supply capacitor. - -
an improved detector for a shorted diode rectifier, comprising: a sensing circuit responsive to the direction of current flow through the series circuit .of the field winding, transistor and diode.
6. The shorted diode detector of claim 5 including a resistor in series in the exciter field circuit between the parallel combination of the tran- sistor and diode and the power supply capacitor, the sensing circuit being responsive to the polarity of - the voltage across said resistor.
PCT/US1984/002098 1983-12-27 1984-12-24 Detector for shorted rotating diode of a brushless alternator WO1985002949A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/565,346 US4559486A (en) 1983-12-27 1983-12-27 Detector for shorted rotating diode of a brushless alternator
US565,346 1990-08-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985002949A1 true WO1985002949A1 (en) 1985-07-04

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ID=24258218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1984/002098 WO1985002949A1 (en) 1983-12-27 1984-12-24 Detector for shorted rotating diode of a brushless alternator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4559486A (en)
EP (1) EP0167592A4 (en)
JP (1) JPS61500885A (en)
CA (1) CA1221413A (en)
IL (1) IL73573A (en)
IT (1) IT1178328B (en)
WO (1) WO1985002949A1 (en)

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CN102005888A (en) * 2010-10-09 2011-04-06 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 Branch state monitoring method and device of rotary rectifier

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US5508601A (en) * 1994-11-15 1996-04-16 Sundstrand Corporation Protection system for a shorted rectifying diode within a synchronous generator
US20070273205A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Denso Corporation Communication system for use in data communications between power generator and external unit
JP4656328B2 (en) * 2006-11-06 2011-03-23 株式会社デンソー Vehicle power generation control device
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US8072191B2 (en) * 2008-01-02 2011-12-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Shorted rotating diode detection and protection
US8970183B2 (en) * 2011-01-14 2015-03-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Overvoltage limiter in an aircraft electrical power generation system
US8941341B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2015-01-27 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Rotating diode assembly including overvoltage protection circuit
US9431941B1 (en) 2015-02-12 2016-08-30 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for detecting alternator rectifier diode short fault
US11015661B2 (en) 2018-04-26 2021-05-25 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Rotatable electromagnetic clutch utilizing inductive coupling
US10995804B2 (en) 2018-04-26 2021-05-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Actuator with rotating electromagnetic clutch utilizing inductive coupling
CN117554810B (en) * 2024-01-10 2024-03-19 南京师范大学 Fault diagnosis method for aviation three-stage starting/generator rotating rectifier

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1221413A (en) 1987-05-05
IT1178328B (en) 1987-09-09
JPS61500885A (en) 1986-05-01
IL73573A (en) 1988-04-29
US4559486A (en) 1985-12-17
IT8449355A0 (en) 1984-12-24
EP0167592A1 (en) 1986-01-15
EP0167592A4 (en) 1986-12-16
IL73573A0 (en) 1985-02-28

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