WO1984001174A1 - Identification de micro-organismes - Google Patents

Identification de micro-organismes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984001174A1
WO1984001174A1 PCT/US1983/001029 US8301029W WO8401174A1 WO 1984001174 A1 WO1984001174 A1 WO 1984001174A1 US 8301029 W US8301029 W US 8301029W WO 8401174 A1 WO8401174 A1 WO 8401174A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dna
microorganisms
microorganism
species
sample
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1983/001029
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dyann Fergus Wirth
Diane Macmahon-Pratt
Original Assignee
Harvard College
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harvard College filed Critical Harvard College
Publication of WO1984001174A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984001174A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/6893—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for protozoa

Definitions

  • This invention relates to identification of a specific microorganism in a specimen or sample containing whole microorganisms and pertains more specifically to the diagnosis of diseases characterized by a localized concentration of infectious organisms in tissue, particularly the skin, or in a biological ' fluid, particularly blood; still more particularly it pertains to the rapid diagnosis of such diseases as leishmaniasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, babesiasis, and herpesvirus diseases.
  • leishmaniasis (caused by several different species of Leishmania)
  • malaria (caused by several different species of Plasmodium)
  • trypanosomiasis (caused by several different species of Trypansoma)
  • babesiasis (caused by various species of Babesia)
  • the diseases caused by various members of the herpesvirus family are leishmaniasis (caused by several different species of Leishmania)
  • malaria caused by several different species of Plasmodium)
  • trypanosomiasis (caused by several different species of Trypansoma)
  • babesiasis (caused by various species of Babesia)
  • the diseases caused by various members of the herpesvirus family The severity and pathogenicity of the disease in each case depends upon the specific identity of the infectious organism. Both the
  • Sty iro treatment for the disease and the subsequent medical follow up depend upon rapid, accurate identification of the infecting species.
  • Techniques currently widely used for identification of strains of microorganisms and diagnosis and identification of the infecting species in the case of diseases are time-consuming, involving the isolation and cultivation of the microorganism, e.g. the infectious organism and are often unsuccessful because of serious technical difficulties. Delay in identification is particularly serious in the case of those diseases which are endemic to areas where medical services are not readily available.
  • Ostrow et al.. Virology, Vol. 108, 21-27 (1981) described extraction and purification of virus from wart tissue, extraction and purification of DNA from the purified virus, and treatment of the purified DNA with restriction enzyme followed by hybridization with labelled DNA from known organisms.
  • species of microorganisms can be identified in samples of products or in samples of infected tissue or of biological fluid such as blood from infected mammals by immobilizing DNA from said sample on a solid support, subjecting said immobilized DNA to hybridization with a labeled specimen of species-specific non-cross-hybridizing DNA from a known organism, and determining whether hybridization occurs.
  • kinetoplast DNA is a species-specific non-cross-hybridizing DNA which can be used effectively as the labelled probe or hybridizing agent.
  • a sample of the product or culture suspected to contain an undesired microorganism, or a sample of infected tissue from a skin lesion or a sample of infected blood, both of which contain whole organisms of the infecting species is simply touched momentarily to any conventional solid support for immobilizing DNA, such as
  • OM ⁇ i ⁇ SNATl ⁇ diazobenzyloxymethyl paper a nitrocellulose filter, or a solid DNA support sold under the trade name "Gene Screen", treated with aqueous alkali (preferably at least 0.2 M) to expose the DNA from within the organism, and the alkali removed by washing.
  • the sample DNA thus immobilized in a small localized zone of the support and containing all of the DNA of the sample, is then subjected to hybridization with a labelled specimen of species-specific non-cross-hybridizing DNA from an authentic known specimen of an individual species or subspecies of the microorganism.
  • OMPI require shorter times, but much higher temperatures tend to destroy the DNA.
  • kits can readily be supplied for carrying out the test of the present invention in any clinical laboratory or even in the field.
  • a kit contains a supply of supports for the samples and a supply of labelled DNA specimens from known organisms.
  • a more complete kit would include a supply of aqueous alkali at least 0.2 M in concentration, and a supply of aqueous buffer.
  • One or more standards may also be included in the kit in the form of a separate supply of DNA from a known source, preferably spotted or immobilized at a known location on the supports, as well as supplies of hybridization buffer and washing buffer solutions, and if desired a supply of photographic film for use with radioactivly labelled DNA specimens.
  • any known labels can be employed for the DNA specimens; standard radioactive labelling, as with tritium or P, makes it possible to use conventional scintillation counters for rapid and accurate determination of hybridization or to use photographic film for autoradiographic determination. Sensitivity of the test is such that samples containing no more than 1000 organisms and in some cases as few as 300 organisms can readily be identified by the present invention.
  • the invention can be used for identification of microorganisms in a sample of any culture or product containing the microorganisms in sufficient concentration so that a sample of convenient size for immobilizing upon a support contains at least the minimum detectable number of microorganisms.
  • the invention can also be used for diagnosis or identification of any disease in which the infectious organisms are sufficiently numerous so that a tissue or blood sample of practical size, say 0.1 g, contains at least the minimum detectable number of organisms.
  • diseases include leishmaniasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, babesiasis, and herpesvirus diseases.
  • leishmaniasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, babesiasis, and herpesvirus diseases are intended to illustrate the nature of the invention without acting as limitations upon its scope.
  • Example Sample Preparation Animals either Balb/c mice or Golden Syrian hamsters, were infected by subcutaneous infections in the rear hind foot pads of 10 to 10 promastigotes of leishmania.
  • Tissue samples for touch preparations were prepared from animals previously infected with either Leishmania mexicana or Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes. The lesion was excised two to three months after infection, the skin was removed and the tissue cut into 2-3 mm pieces. A single tissue piece was used for each touch preparation on nitrocellulose. The tissue was placed on the nitrocellulose filter for a period of 30 seconds to one minute. The nitrocellulose filter was air-dried and placed in a clean envelope for dry storage until the filter could be processed.
  • the nitrocellulose filter was treated with aqueous 0.5 M NaOH, 1.5 M NaCl solution for 10 minutes at room temperature to expose the DNA, followed by a 10 minute treatment in 3 M Tris-HCl buffer solution, pH 8, at room temperature to remove the alkali.
  • the filter was then air-dried and baked at 80°C for one hour.
  • the cells (10 ) in each case were pelleted, washed 2 times in phosphate buffered saline and the kDNA was extracted by resuspending the cells in iysis buffer (0.2 M Nacl, 0.01 M Tris, 0.001 M EDTA, pH 8.0, 10% SDS) , then shearing the chromosomal DNA by passage through a 22 gauge needle; the catenated kDNA was pelleted at 38,000 g for 30 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in a minumum volume of buffer or H 2 0, and cesium chloride was added to bring to a final concentration of 1.7 g/ml. The DNA suspension was then centrifuged for 48 hours at 40,000 rpm.
  • iysis buffer 0.2 M Nacl, 0.01 M Tris, 0.001 M EDTA, pH 8.0, 10% SDS
  • Fractions (200 ⁇ l) were collected from the bottom of the gradient. The DNA was visualized by mixing 10 1 of each fraction with 10 ⁇ 1 of ethidium bromide (1 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l) and viewed using a source of ultraviolet light. The kDNA fraction was pooled, and dialyzed overnight against 10 mM Tris-Cl pH 8.0, 1 mM EDTA (2 x 4L) .
  • Purified kDNA specimens (0.2-0.4 ⁇ g) were labelled by the method of nick translation in a 50 1 reacvtion mixture containing 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 . 10 mM dithiothreitol, 125 p moles of each deoxynucleotide triphosphate (in most reactions, two radioactive ( 32P) deoxynucleotide triphosphates were used), and 12 units of DNA polymerase I. The reaction mixture was incubated at 15 ⁇ C for two hours. The labelled DNA was separated from unincorporated dATP on a chromatographic gel column run in deionized water.
  • the labelled DNA was denatured by boiling for three minutes and chilled on ice immediately before adding to the hybridization mix described below.
  • DNA from the sample lesions was immobilized were each soaked for 2 hours at 40°C in hybridization solution (50% formamide, 5 x SSC, 10 x Denhardts, 100 Vig/ml
  • OMPI denatured Salmon sperm DNA to which labelled k-DNA from a selected species of organism was added, then incubated for 12 hours at 42°C, washed in 0.1 x SSC with 0.5% SDS three times for 30 min. at 50°C. Each filter paper was air dried and exposed to XAR-5 film to provide an autoradiograph.

Abstract

On effectue l'identification rapide d'un micro-organisme par l'hybridation d'ADN provenant d'un échantillon contenant des micro-organismes entiers avec un spécimen marqué d'ADN spécifique à l'espèce, ne provoquant pratiquement pas d'hybridation croisée et provenant d'un micro-organisme connu. On diagnostique rapidement des maladies caractérisées par des concentrations localisées de micro-organismes infectieux. L'invention décrit un ensemble permettant d'effectuer ces identifications.
PCT/US1983/001029 1982-09-20 1983-07-05 Identification de micro-organismes WO1984001174A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42012982A 1982-09-20 1982-09-20

Publications (1)

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WO1984001174A1 true WO1984001174A1 (fr) 1984-03-29

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EP (1) EP0119209A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1984001174A1 (fr)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131052A1 (fr) * 1983-01-10 1985-01-16 Gen Probe Inc Procede de detection, identification et quantification d'organismes et de virus.
EP0135108A2 (fr) * 1983-08-12 1985-03-27 Rockefeller University Essai d'hybridation de nucléotides pour des parasites protozoaires
WO1985003951A1 (fr) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-12 Institut Pasteur Reactifs et necessaires pour le dosage quantitatif d'un acide nucleique viral dans un milieu biologique et procede de dosage de cet acide nucleique viral
FR2567133A1 (fr) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Inst Nat Sante Rech Med Procede de fixation de molecules, notamment biologiques, sur un support et filtres obtenus
US4670379A (en) * 1984-12-19 1987-06-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polynucleotide hydridization assays employing catalyzed luminescence
EP0235727A2 (fr) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-09 Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. DNA-diagnostique rapide pour les microbes
EP0250662A1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Détection de mycoplasma par hybridation d'ADN
EP0307270A1 (fr) * 1987-08-14 1989-03-15 Institut Pasteur Sonde diagnostique de bactérie
EP0326989A2 (fr) * 1988-01-30 1989-08-09 Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Méthode et trousse de réactifs pour l'identification de bactérie utilisant l'ADN chromosomique
WO1990015881A1 (fr) * 1989-06-12 1990-12-27 Cis Bio International Procede de detection de sequences specifiques d'acides nucleiques et ses applications
FR2650839A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-15 Oris Ind Cie Procede de detection en phase homogene liquide de sequences specifiques d'acides nucleiques et ses applications
EP0420635A2 (fr) * 1989-09-28 1991-04-03 Michael Alexander Miles Réactifs de diagnostic de leishmaniasis
US5541308A (en) * 1986-11-24 1996-07-30 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
WO1996031623A1 (fr) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Polynucleotides permettant de deceler des leishmanies et procede de detection du protozoaire de la leishmanie
US5567587A (en) * 1983-01-10 1996-10-22 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting, the presence and amount of prokaryotic organisms using specific rRNA subsequences as probes
US5714324A (en) * 1983-01-10 1998-02-03 Gen-Probe Incorporated Methods for producing hybridization probes specific for rRNA subunit subsequences
US5851767A (en) * 1985-03-04 1998-12-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Detection of prokaryotic organism by DNA hybridization
US5955261A (en) * 1984-09-04 1999-09-21 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting the presence of group-specific viral mRNA in a sample
US5994059A (en) * 1986-11-24 1999-11-30 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Streptomyces enterococci
US6150517A (en) * 1986-11-24 2000-11-21 Gen-Probe Methods for making oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US7087742B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2006-08-08 Gen-Probe Incorporated Oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US7090972B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2006-08-15 Gen-Probe Incorporated Methods for determining the presence of non-viral organisms in a sample
US7172863B1 (en) 1988-12-09 2007-02-06 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae
US9638662B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2017-05-02 Duke University Apparatuses and methods for manipulating droplets

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4358535A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-11-09 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Specific DNA probes in diagnostic microbiology
US4396713A (en) * 1980-11-12 1983-08-02 The Regents Of The University Of Calif. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of kinetoplast DNA minicircles

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US4396713A (en) * 1980-11-12 1983-08-02 The Regents Of The University Of Calif. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of kinetoplast DNA minicircles
US4358535A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-11-09 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Specific DNA probes in diagnostic microbiology
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS Vol. 93, issued 1980, page 221, Abstract Number 199423p, BORST et al, "Characterization of DNA from Trypanosoma Brucei and Related Trypanosomes ..." *
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US5738988A (en) * 1983-01-10 1998-04-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting antimicrobial agents or unknown organisms in a sample using ribosomal probe hybridization
US5723597A (en) * 1983-01-10 1998-03-03 Gen-Probe Incorporated Ribosomal nucleic acid probes for detecting organisms or groups of organisms
US5932416A (en) * 1983-01-10 1999-08-03 Gen Probe Inc Method for detecting the presence of RNA belonging to an organ or tissue cell-type
US5567587A (en) * 1983-01-10 1996-10-22 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting, the presence and amount of prokaryotic organisms using specific rRNA subsequences as probes
US5641631A (en) * 1983-01-10 1997-06-24 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting, identifying, and quantitating organisms and viruses
US5641632A (en) * 1983-01-10 1997-06-24 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for preparing rRNA for hybridization with a probe
US5688645A (en) * 1983-01-10 1997-11-18 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting, identifying, and quantitating non-viral organisms
US5928864A (en) * 1983-01-10 1999-07-27 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for determining the presence of organisms in a sample by detecting transfer nucleic acid
US5714324A (en) * 1983-01-10 1998-02-03 Gen-Probe Incorporated Methods for producing hybridization probes specific for rRNA subunit subsequences
US5601984A (en) * 1983-01-10 1997-02-11 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting, the presense or amount of a taxonomic group of organisms using specific R-RNA subsequences as probes
US5738989A (en) * 1983-01-10 1998-04-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to anti microbial agents using ribosomal nucleic acid hybridization
EP0131052A1 (fr) * 1983-01-10 1985-01-16 Gen Probe Inc Procede de detection, identification et quantification d'organismes et de virus.
EP0131052A4 (fr) * 1983-01-10 1987-09-08 Gen Probe Inc Procede de detection, identification et quantification d'organismes et de virus.
EP0135108A3 (fr) * 1983-08-12 1988-07-13 Rockefeller University Essai d'hybridation de nucléotides pour des parasites protozoaires
EP0135108A2 (fr) * 1983-08-12 1985-03-27 Rockefeller University Essai d'hybridation de nucléotides pour des parasites protozoaires
EP0159223A1 (fr) * 1984-03-07 1985-10-23 Institut Pasteur Réactifs et nécessaires pour le dosage quantitatif d'un acide nucléique viral dans un milieu biologique et procédé de dosage de cet acide nucléique viral
WO1985003951A1 (fr) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-12 Institut Pasteur Reactifs et necessaires pour le dosage quantitatif d'un acide nucleique viral dans un milieu biologique et procede de dosage de cet acide nucleique viral
FR2560995A1 (fr) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-13 Pasteur Institut Reactifs et necessaires pour le dosage quantitatif d'un acide nucleique viral dans un milieu biologique et procede de dosage de cet acide nucleique viral
FR2567133A1 (fr) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Inst Nat Sante Rech Med Procede de fixation de molecules, notamment biologiques, sur un support et filtres obtenus
US5955261A (en) * 1984-09-04 1999-09-21 Gen-Probe Incorporated Method for detecting the presence of group-specific viral mRNA in a sample
US4670379A (en) * 1984-12-19 1987-06-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polynucleotide hydridization assays employing catalyzed luminescence
US5851767A (en) * 1985-03-04 1998-12-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Detection of prokaryotic organism by DNA hybridization
EP0235727A2 (fr) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-09 Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. DNA-diagnostique rapide pour les microbes
EP0235727A3 (fr) * 1986-03-06 1990-02-14 Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. DNA-diagnostique rapide pour les microbes
EP0250662A1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Détection de mycoplasma par hybridation d'ADN
US5840488A (en) * 1986-11-24 1998-11-24 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US5958679A (en) * 1986-11-24 1999-09-28 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Enterobacter cloacae
US7138516B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2006-11-21 Gen-Probe Incorporated Oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US5547842A (en) * 1986-11-24 1996-08-20 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US5674684A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-10-07 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting campylobacters
US5677127A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-10-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting group I pseudomonas
US5677128A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-10-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting mycobacterium
US5677129A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-10-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting legionella
US5679520A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-10-21 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting eubacteria
US5683876A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-11-04 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Proteus mirabilis
US5541308A (en) * 1986-11-24 1996-07-30 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US5691149A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-11-25 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and method for detecting Mycoplasma pneumoniae
US5693469A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-12-02 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Escherichia coli
US5693468A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-12-02 Gen-Probe Incorported Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting chlamydia trachomatis
US7090972B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2006-08-15 Gen-Probe Incorporated Methods for determining the presence of non-viral organisms in a sample
US7087742B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2006-08-08 Gen-Probe Incorporated Oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US6512105B1 (en) 1986-11-24 2003-01-28 Gen-Probe Incorporated Methods for making oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US6150517A (en) * 1986-11-24 2000-11-21 Gen-Probe Methods for making oligonucleotide probes for the detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US5827651A (en) * 1986-11-24 1998-10-27 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting fungi
US5994059A (en) * 1986-11-24 1999-11-30 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Streptomyces enterococci
US5593841A (en) * 1986-11-24 1997-01-14 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes for detection and/or quantitation of non-viral organisms
US6017711A (en) * 1987-08-14 2000-01-25 Institut Pasteur Bacterial diagnostic probe
US5863721A (en) * 1987-08-14 1999-01-26 Institut Pasteur Bacterial diagnostic probe
US5492811A (en) * 1987-08-14 1996-02-20 Institut Pasteur Bacterial diagnostic probe
EP0307270A1 (fr) * 1987-08-14 1989-03-15 Institut Pasteur Sonde diagnostique de bactérie
EP0326989A3 (fr) * 1988-01-30 1991-01-02 Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Méthode et trousse de réactifs pour l'identification de bactérie utilisant l'ADN chromosomique
EP0326989A2 (fr) * 1988-01-30 1989-08-09 Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Méthode et trousse de réactifs pour l'identification de bactérie utilisant l'ADN chromosomique
US7172863B1 (en) 1988-12-09 2007-02-06 Gen-Probe Incorporated Nucleic acid probes and methods for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae
WO1990015881A1 (fr) * 1989-06-12 1990-12-27 Cis Bio International Procede de detection de sequences specifiques d'acides nucleiques et ses applications
US5514540A (en) * 1989-06-12 1996-05-07 Cis Bio International Method for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences by amplification in highly dilute solution
FR2650839A1 (fr) * 1989-08-08 1991-02-15 Oris Ind Cie Procede de detection en phase homogene liquide de sequences specifiques d'acides nucleiques et ses applications
EP0420635A2 (fr) * 1989-09-28 1991-04-03 Michael Alexander Miles Réactifs de diagnostic de leishmaniasis
EP0420635A3 (en) * 1989-09-28 1992-05-27 Michael Alexander Miles Diagnostic reagents for leishmaniasis
US6022690A (en) * 1995-04-04 2000-02-08 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Polynucleotides for detecting leishmanias and method of detection of leishmanial protozoan
WO1996031623A1 (fr) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Polynucleotides permettant de deceler des leishmanies et procede de detection du protozoaire de la leishmanie
US9638662B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2017-05-02 Duke University Apparatuses and methods for manipulating droplets

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