WO1981000676A1 - Catheter,particularly vein catheter - Google Patents

Catheter,particularly vein catheter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1981000676A1
WO1981000676A1 PCT/EP1980/000092 EP8000092W WO8100676A1 WO 1981000676 A1 WO1981000676 A1 WO 1981000676A1 EP 8000092 W EP8000092 W EP 8000092W WO 8100676 A1 WO8100676 A1 WO 8100676A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catheter
identification
distal end
interruptions
irregularities
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1980/000092
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
H Neumann
Original Assignee
H Neumann
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by H Neumann filed Critical H Neumann
Publication of WO1981000676A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981000676A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0108—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning using radio-opaque or ultrasound markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1076—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions inside body cavities, e.g. using catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/12—Devices for detecting or locating foreign bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catheter, in particular a venous catheter, with at least one identifying thread that weakens in the longitudinal direction in the catheter wall and weakens X-ray radiation.
  • identification threads are known.
  • the identification threads are used to determine the exact position of the catheter in the body of the respective patient when working under X-ray control.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the described, known catheters such that the aforementioned risk is eliminated and reliable control at all times the completeness of the catheter is made possible and that the reliable detection of the respective position of the catheter in the body of the respective patient is ensured.
  • the identification threads have a predetermined number of irregularities arranged at corresponding distances from the distal end of the catheter, and in that the distances between the distal end of the catheter and the distal last irregularities and the non-uniformities which follow one another in the longitudinal direction match. Because of the special arrangement of the non-uniformities, characterized by a predetermined number and predetermined distances, it can be checked at any time and in particular also during the operation whether the catheter is complete or in the correct position. If the control shows that a part of the catheter has been sheared off or torn off, relief measures can be initiated immediately. If the control shows that the catheter is not in the desired position, its position can be corrected.
  • the non-uniformities can consist of widening of the identification threads, of interruptions in the identification threads, or of ring-shaped, X-ray radiation-weakening regions arranged in the region of interruptions of the identification threads in a cross-sectional plane of the catheter.
  • the first interruptions when viewing the catheter from the distal end of the catheter can be characterized by a ring, the second interruptions by two parallel rings, etc. It It is also advisable to mark the distal end of the catheter with an annular area that weakens X-rays.
  • FIG. 2 shows the end section according to FIG. 1 in cross section
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the end section according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified representation of a venous catheter 1 which, for localization under X-ray control, is provided with three identification threads 2 running in the longitudinal direction in the catheter wall and attenuating X-ray radiation.
  • the identification threads 2 are evenly distributed over the circumference of the venous catheter 1, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIG.
  • a catheter despite the identification threads due to the overlay of shadowing structures (bones and soft tissues such as heart and lungs) are also difficult to locate under unfavorable circumstances.
  • shadowing structures bones and soft tissues such as heart and lungs
  • the identification threads 2 have a predetermined number of irregularities arranged at corresponding distances from the distal catheter end 3, which are explained in detail below.
  • the distances between the distal catheter end 3 and the distal last irregularities and the consecutive irregularities in the longitudinal direction match.
  • three such irregularities can be provided at distances of 10, 20 and 30 cm from the distal end 3 of the catheter.
  • the non-uniformities consist of interruptions 4 in the identification threads 2.
  • FIG. 3a shows an exemplary embodiment in which the non-uniformities are formed by widenings 5 of the identification threads 2.
  • FIG. 3b shows an exemplary embodiment in which an annular area 6 which attenuates X-rays is additionally provided in the area of the interruptions 4 in a cross-sectional plane of the venous catheter 1.
  • FIG. 3c shows an exemplary embodiment in which an annular region 7 which attenuates X-rays is additionally provided at the distal end 3 of the catheter.
  • FIG. 4 finally shows an external view of a venous catheter 1, as it were without X-ray radiation, so that the identification threads 2 explained above cannot be recognized.
  • an optically visible end marking is provided on the distal end 3 of the catheter, which in the illustrated case consists of a plurality of colored rings 8 arranged in parallel and at short mutual distances, each of which has a width of approximately 1 mm, for example, and a mutual distance of likewise 1 mm are arranged, while the annular region 7 forming an X-ray-effective end marking preferably has a width of approximately 5 mm.

Abstract

The catheter, particularly a vein catheter, has identification wires (2) attenuating the X-rays, arranged longitudinally in the catheter wall. These wires allow the control and positioning of the catheter (1) in the body of the patient. A predetermined number of irregularities (4, 5, 6) are provided longitudinally and at preset distances from the distal end (3) of the catheter. These irregularities may be provided as enlargments (5) or interruptions (4) of the identification wires. Annular areas (6) attenuating the X-rays, arranged in the region of the interruptions (4), may also be provided. A varying number of said annular areas (6) may be provided with the different irregularities of the identification wires. An annular portion attenuating the X-rays may be arranged at the distal end of the catheter (3). Said portion may be formed by means of a plurality of parallel washers arranged side by side, optically visible (e.g. colored).

Description

Katheter, insbesondere Yenenkatheter Catheters, especially yen catheters
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Katheter, insbesondere Venenkatheter, mit mindestens einem in Längsrichtung in der Katheterwandung verlaufenden, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Kennzeichnungsfaden.The invention relates to a catheter, in particular a venous catheter, with at least one identifying thread that weakens in the longitudinal direction in the catheter wall and weakens X-ray radiation.
Katheter mit solchen Kennzeichnungsfaden sind bekannt. Die Kennzeichnungsfäden dienen dazu, beim Arbeiten unter Röntgenkontrolle die genaue Position des Katheters im Körper des jeweiligen Patienten festzustellen.Catheters with such identification threads are known. The identification threads are used to determine the exact position of the catheter in the body of the respective patient when working under X-ray control.
Es kommt in der Praxis vor und wird in der medizinischen Fachliteratur unter den Komplikationen beim Umgang mit Ve nenkathetern beschrieben, daß ein Teil des Katheters abgeschert oder abgerissen wird. Der abgescherte bzw. abgerissene Abschnitt wird unter ungünstigen Umständen in das Herz oder die Lunge eingeschwemmt, mit der Folge einer sogenannten Katheterembolie.It occurs in practice and is described in the medical literature under the complications when dealing with venous catheters that part of the catheter is sheared off or torn off. The sheared or torn section is washed into the heart or lungs under unfavorable circumstances, with the result of a so-called catheter embolism.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die geschilderten, bekannten Katheter derart zu verbessern, daß die erwähnte Gefahr behoben und jederzeit eine zuverlässige Kontrolle der Vollständigkeit des Katheters ermöglicht ist, und daß das zuverlässige Erkennen der jeweiligen Lage des Katheters im Körper des jeweiligen Patienten gewährleistet ist.The invention has for its object to improve the described, known catheters such that the aforementioned risk is eliminated and reliable control at all times the completeness of the catheter is made possible and that the reliable detection of the respective position of the catheter in the body of the respective patient is ensured.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Kennzeichnungsfaden eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von in übereinstimmenden Abständen vom distalen Katheterende angeordneten Ungleichförmigkeiten aufweisen, und daß die Abstände zwischen dem distalen Katheterende und den distal letzten Ungleichförmigkeiten sowie den in Längsrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Ungleichförmigkeiten übereinstimmen. Aufgrund der besonderen, durch vorbestimmte Anzahl und vorbestimmte Abstände gekennzeichneten Anordnung der Ungleichförmigkeiten kann, jederzeit und insbesondere auch bei der Operation in situ geprüft werden, ob der Katheter vollständig ist bzw. die richtige Lage hat. Ergibt die Kontrolle, daß ein Teil des Katheters abgeschert oder abgerissen worden ist, so können unverzüglich Hilfsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden. Ergibt die Kontrolle, daß der Katheter nicht die gewünschte Position einnimmt, dann kann seine Lage korrigiert werden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the identification threads have a predetermined number of irregularities arranged at corresponding distances from the distal end of the catheter, and in that the distances between the distal end of the catheter and the distal last irregularities and the non-uniformities which follow one another in the longitudinal direction match. Because of the special arrangement of the non-uniformities, characterized by a predetermined number and predetermined distances, it can be checked at any time and in particular also during the operation whether the catheter is complete or in the correct position. If the control shows that a part of the catheter has been sheared off or torn off, relief measures can be initiated immediately. If the control shows that the catheter is not in the desired position, its position can be corrected.
Für die Ausbildung der Ungleichförmigkeiten bestehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten. So können die Ungleichförmigkeiten aus Verbreiterungen der Kennzeichnungsfäden, aus Unterbrechungen der Kennzeichnungsfaden, oder auch aus jeweils im Bereich von Unterbrechungen der Kennzeichnungsfäden in einer Querschnittsebene des Katheters angeordneten, ringförmigen, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Bereichen bestehen. Insbesondere können dabei die bei Betrachtung des Katheters vom distalen Katheterende weg ersten Unterbrechungen durch einen Ring, die zweiten Unterbrechungen durch zwei parallele Ringe usw. gekennzeichnet sein. Es empfiehlt sich ferner, das distale Katheterende durch einen ringförmigen, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Bereich zu kennzeichnen.There are various possibilities for the formation of the irregularities. Thus, the non-uniformities can consist of widening of the identification threads, of interruptions in the identification threads, or of ring-shaped, X-ray radiation-weakening regions arranged in the region of interruptions of the identification threads in a cross-sectional plane of the catheter. In particular, the first interruptions when viewing the catheter from the distal end of the catheter can be characterized by a ring, the second interruptions by two parallel rings, etc. It It is also advisable to mark the distal end of the catheter with an annular area that weakens X-rays.
Als vorteilhaft erweist sich darüber hinaus, wenn am distalen Katheterende mehrere parallele und in geringen gegenseitigen Abständen angeordnete, unmittelbar optisch sichtbare Ringe vorgesehen werden. Dadurch wird die Möglichkeit geschaffen, unmittelbar nach Entfernung des Katheters aus dem Körper des jeweiligen Patienten eine sichere Kontrolle auf die Vollständigkeit des Katheters vorzunehmen.It also proves to be advantageous if a plurality of parallel, immediately optically visible rings, which are arranged at short mutual distances, are provided at the distal end of the catheter. This creates the possibility to carry out a reliable check for the completeness of the catheter immediately after removal of the catheter from the body of the respective patient.
nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a drawing which merely shows exemplary embodiments. Show it:
Figur 1 den distalen Endabschnitt eines Venenkatheters,1 shows the distal end section of a venous catheter,
Figur 2 den Endabschnitt gemäß Figur 1 im Querschnitt,FIG. 2 shows the end section according to FIG. 1 in cross section,
Figur 3a bis c verschiedene andere Ausführungsformen des Endabschnitts gemäß Figur 1, undFigures 3a to c various other embodiments of the end portion of Figure 1, and
Figur 4 eine weitere Ausführungsform des Endabschnitts gemäß Figur 1.FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the end section according to FIG. 1.
Figur 1 zeigt in vereinfachter Darstellung einen Venenkatheter 1, der zur Lokalisierung unter Röntgenkontrolle mit drei in Längsrichtung in der Katheterwandung verlaufenden, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Kennzeichnungsfäden 2 versehen ist. Die Kennzeichnungsfäden 2 sind gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Venenkatheters 1 verteilt, wie aus Figur 2 besonders deutlich zu erkennen ist. In der Praxis zeigt sich, daß ein Katheter trotz Kennzeichnungsfäden wegen der Überlagerung von gleichfalls schattengebenden Strukturen (Knochen und Weichteile, wie Herz und Lunge) unter ungünstigen Umständen nur schwer zu lokalisieren ist. Außerdem kommt es vor, daß ein solcher, an sich schattengebender Katheterendabschnitt, nachdem er abgetrennt und in ferneres Gewebe eingeschwemmt ist, sich selbst bei einer Länge von einigen Zentimetern auf Kontrollaufnahmen nicht mehr darstellt.FIG. 1 shows a simplified representation of a venous catheter 1 which, for localization under X-ray control, is provided with three identification threads 2 running in the longitudinal direction in the catheter wall and attenuating X-ray radiation. The identification threads 2 are evenly distributed over the circumference of the venous catheter 1, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. In practice it can be seen that a catheter despite the identification threads due to the overlay of shadowing structures (bones and soft tissues such as heart and lungs) are also difficult to locate under unfavorable circumstances. In addition, it happens that such a shading catheter end section, after it has been separated and washed into further tissue, no longer presents itself on control recordings even with a length of a few centimeters.
Um eine sichere röntgenologische Lokalisierung der Katheterspitze bzw. die Aufdeckung von deren Fehlen zu ermöglichen, weisen die Kennzeichnungsfaden 2 eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von in übereinstimmenden Abständen vom distalen Katheterende 3 angeordneten Ungleichförmigkeiten auf, die nachfolgend im einzelnen erläutert sind. Die Abstände zwischen dem distalen Katheterende 3 und den distal letzten Ungleichförmig keiten sowie den in Längsrichtung aufeinander folgenden Ungleichförmigkeiten stimmen dabei überein. Beispielsweise können drei solche Ungleichförmigkeiten in Abständen von jeweils 10, 20 und 30 cm vom distalen Katheterende 3 vorgesehen werden.In order to enable reliable x-ray localization of the catheter tip or the detection of its absence, the identification threads 2 have a predetermined number of irregularities arranged at corresponding distances from the distal catheter end 3, which are explained in detail below. The distances between the distal catheter end 3 and the distal last irregularities and the consecutive irregularities in the longitudinal direction match. For example, three such irregularities can be provided at distances of 10, 20 and 30 cm from the distal end 3 of the catheter.
Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen die Ungleichförmigkeiten aus Unterbrechungen 4 der Kennzeichnungsfäden 2. Figur 3a zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Ungleichförmigkeiten durch Verbreiterungen 5 der Kennzeichnungsfäden 2 gebildet sind.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the non-uniformities consist of interruptions 4 in the identification threads 2. FIG. 3a shows an exemplary embodiment in which the non-uniformities are formed by widenings 5 of the identification threads 2.
In Figur 3b ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem im Bereich der Unterbrechungen 4 in einer Querschnittsebene des Venenkatheterε 1 zusätzlich ein ringförmiger, Röntgenstrahlung schwächender Bereich 6 vorgesehen ist. Figur 3c zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem zusätzlich am distalen Katheterende 3 ein ringförmiger, Röntgenstrahlung schwächender Bereich 7 vorgesehen ist. Figur 4 gibt schließlich eine Außenansicht eines Venenkatheters 1 wieder, gleichsam ohne Röntgeneinstrahlung, so daß die vorstehend erläuterten Kennzeichnungsfäden 2 nicht erkennbar sind. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist am distalen Katheterende 3 eine optisch sichtbare Endmarkierung vorgesehen, die im dargestellten Fall aus mehreren parallelen und in geringen gegenseitigen Abständen angeordneten, farbigen Ringen 8 besteht, welche beispielsweise jeweils eine Breite von etwa 1 mm aufweisen und mit einem gegenseitigen Abstand von gleichfalls 1 mm angeordnet sind, während der eine röntgenwirksame Endmarkierung bildende, ringförmige Bereich 7 vorzugsweise eine Breite von etwa 5 mm aufweist.FIG. 3b shows an exemplary embodiment in which an annular area 6 which attenuates X-rays is additionally provided in the area of the interruptions 4 in a cross-sectional plane of the venous catheter 1. FIG. 3c shows an exemplary embodiment in which an annular region 7 which attenuates X-rays is additionally provided at the distal end 3 of the catheter. FIG. 4 finally shows an external view of a venous catheter 1, as it were without X-ray radiation, so that the identification threads 2 explained above cannot be recognized. In this exemplary embodiment, an optically visible end marking is provided on the distal end 3 of the catheter, which in the illustrated case consists of a plurality of colored rings 8 arranged in parallel and at short mutual distances, each of which has a width of approximately 1 mm, for example, and a mutual distance of likewise 1 mm are arranged, while the annular region 7 forming an X-ray-effective end marking preferably has a width of approximately 5 mm.
Die vorstehend beschriebenen Ungleichförmigkeiten, einschließlich derjenigen am distalen Kätheterende, würden sich beispielsweise beim Einsatz des Venenkatheters 1 als Herzkatheter im 3ereich des Schlüsselbeins des jeweiligen Patientens projizieren, sind dort als Längen- bzw. Endmarkierungen ohne weiteres zu erkennen und erlauben in einfacher Weise einen unmittelbaren und sicheren Rückschluß auf die Lage des Katheterendes 3. Gewisse Verzerrungen durch die Projektion auf die Röntgenplatte liegen in der Größenordnung von höchstens einigen Millimetern und können vernachlässigt werden. The above-described irregularities, including those at the distal end of the catheter, would project, for example, when the venous catheter 1 is used as a cardiac catheter in the region of the clavicle of the respective patient, can be easily recognized there as length or end markings and in a simple manner allow an immediate and reliable conclusion about the position of the catheter end 3. Certain distortions due to the projection onto the X-ray plate are of the order of magnitude of at most a few millimeters and can be neglected.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Katheter, insbesondere Venenkatheter, mit mindestens einem in Längsrichtung in der Katheterwandung verlaufenden, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Kennzeichnungs faden (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kennzeichnungsfäden (2) eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von in übereinstimmenden Abständen vom distalen Katheterende (3) angeordneten Ungleichförmigkeiten (4, 5, 6) aufweisen, und daß die Abstände zwischen dem distalen Katheteren de (3) und den distal letzten Ungleichförmigkeiten (4, 5, 6) sowie den in Längsrichtung aufeinander folgenden Ungleichförmigkeiten (4, 5, 6) übereinstimmen.1. Catheter, in particular venous catheter, with at least one X-ray radiation-weakening identification thread (2) running in the longitudinal direction in the catheter wall, characterized in that the identification threads (2) have a predetermined number of irregularities arranged at corresponding distances from the distal end of the catheter (3) ( 4, 5, 6), and that the distances between the distal catheter (3) and the distal last non-uniformities (4, 5, 6) and the successive longitudinal non-uniformities (4, 5, 6) match.
2. Katheter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ungleichförmigkeiten aus Verbreiterungen (5) der Kennzeichnungsfaden (2) bestehen.2. Catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-uniformities consist of widenings (5) of the identification thread (2).
3. Katheter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ungleichförmigkeiten aus Unterbrechungen (4) der Kennzeichnungsfaden (2) bestehen.3. Catheter according to claim 1, characterized in that the irregularities consist of interruptions (4) of the identification thread (2).
4. Katheter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeweils im Bereich von Unterbrechungen (4) der Kennzeichnungsfäden (2) in einer Querschnittsebene des Katheters (1) angeordnete, ringförmige, Röntgenstrahlung schwächende Bereiche (6) vorgesehen sind.4. Catheter according to claim 3, characterized in that in the region of interruptions (4) of the identification threads (2) in a cross-sectional plane of the catheter (1) arranged, annular, X-ray attenuating areas (6) are provided.
5. Katheter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den verschiedenen Kennzeichnungsfädenunterbrechungsbe reichen eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von ringförmigen, Röntgenstrahlung schwächenden Bereichen (6) zugeordnet ist. 5. Catheter according to claim 4, characterized in that the different marking thread interruptions range a different number of annular, X-ray attenuating areas (6) is assigned.
6. Katheter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am distalen Katheterende (3) ein ringförmiger, Röntgenstrahlung schwächender Bereich (7) vorgesehen ist.6. Catheter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an annular, X-ray attenuating region (7) is provided at the distal end of the catheter (3).
7. Katheter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am distalen Katheterende (3) mehrere parallele und in geringen gegenseitigen Abständen angeordnete, unmittelbar optisch sichtbare Ringe (8) vorgesehen sind. 7. Catheter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at the distal end of the catheter (3) a plurality of parallel and closely spaced, directly optically visible rings (8) are provided.
PCT/EP1980/000092 1979-09-13 1980-08-05 Catheter,particularly vein catheter WO1981000676A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE7925924 1979-09-13
DE19797925924 DE7925924U1 (en) 1979-09-13 1979-09-13 CATHETER

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FR2630215A1 (en) * 1988-04-13 1989-10-20 Benhaim Jean Measuring device and method for calculating radiological magnification in a single measurement
GB2224801A (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-16 Circulation Res Ltd Catheters
US5081993A (en) * 1987-11-11 1992-01-21 Circulation Research Limited Methods and apparatus for the examination and treatment of internal organs
GB2263641A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-08-04 Intravascular Res Ltd Determining catheter location
US5669878A (en) * 1992-01-30 1997-09-23 Intravascular Research Limited Guide wire for a catheter with position indicating means
US7699792B2 (en) 2004-05-10 2010-04-20 Biotronik Vi Patent Ag Catheter guide wire especially for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
CN108601871A (en) * 2016-02-04 2018-09-28 柏林心脏有限公司 Export graft and the system including blood pump and outlet graft

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FR947866A (en) * 1943-01-30 1949-07-15 Improvements to probes and similar devices for measuring and determining the seat and position of living and non-living objects, providing shadows for chi-rays, in the human or animal body
US3155091A (en) * 1963-04-30 1964-11-03 Diagnosto Associates Ltd Diagnostic device for the detection and location of the sites of internal anatomicalabnormalities
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5081993A (en) * 1987-11-11 1992-01-21 Circulation Research Limited Methods and apparatus for the examination and treatment of internal organs
FR2630215A1 (en) * 1988-04-13 1989-10-20 Benhaim Jean Measuring device and method for calculating radiological magnification in a single measurement
GB2224801A (en) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-16 Circulation Res Ltd Catheters
GB2263641A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-08-04 Intravascular Res Ltd Determining catheter location
US5669878A (en) * 1992-01-30 1997-09-23 Intravascular Research Limited Guide wire for a catheter with position indicating means
US6050958A (en) * 1992-01-30 2000-04-18 Intravascular Research Limited Guide wire for a catheter with position indicating means
US7699792B2 (en) 2004-05-10 2010-04-20 Biotronik Vi Patent Ag Catheter guide wire especially for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
CN108601871A (en) * 2016-02-04 2018-09-28 柏林心脏有限公司 Export graft and the system including blood pump and outlet graft

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DE7925924U1 (en) 1980-05-29
EP0035528A1 (en) 1981-09-16

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