USRE44596E1 - Method for the detection of cancer - Google Patents
Method for the detection of cancer Download PDFInfo
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- USRE44596E1 USRE44596E1 US13/447,104 US201213447104A USRE44596E US RE44596 E1 USRE44596 E1 US RE44596E1 US 201213447104 A US201213447104 A US 201213447104A US RE44596 E USRE44596 E US RE44596E
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- rna
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
Definitions
- the present invention describes a method of diagnosis and/or follow up of the evolution of most types of cancer, for instance after a chemotherapy or after an operation.
- colorectal cancer screening presently relies on fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) which is both insensitive and non-specific.
- FOBT fecal occult blood testing
- flexible sigmoidoscopy is sensitive and specific for early distal disease but is both invasive and insensitive for proximal disease.
- barium enema is relatively sensitive and specific but requires colonic preparation, radiation and a day off work, while total colonoscopy is highly sensitive and specific but is also invasive and expensive.
- CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
- AFP alpha-fetoprotein
- PSA prostate specific antigen
- the aim of this invention consists therefore in providing a method of diagnosis and/or follow up of the evolution of most types of cancer which would be, on one hand, more precise and trustworthy and, on the other hand easier to perform without implying an invasive test for the patient.
- RNA markers are the result of an over expression of some genes in the cancer cells and may be found in increased quantities in the plasma/serum of cancer patients compared to healthy controls.
- the present inventors have therefore developed a cancer detection assay in plasma/serum measuring by adding and comparing the amount of DNA and RNA of certain genes in the plasma/serum of cancer patients that are the reflection of a gene amplification and a gene over expression.
- gene amplification encodes for amplifying a gene
- gene over expression more RNA
- the object of the present invention reaching the above-mentioned aim, is consisting of a method for the diagnosis or the follow up of the evolution of cancers which comprises measuring together gene over expression (RNA) and gene amplification (DNA) in the bodily fluids of patients suspected to harbor cancer on any gene that is both amplified and over expressed in cancer cells and comparing to healthy controls.
- RNA gene over expression
- DNA gene amplification
- RNA and DNA are extracted from a bodily fluid, such as plasma, serum, sputum, saliva, etc, purified and amplified, and the over expressed RNA and amplified DNA are analyzed and compared to a unique house keeping gene.
- a bodily fluid such as plasma, serum, sputum, saliva, etc
- the genes analyzed can be selected from hTERT, hTR, TEP1, MYCN, MYCC, ErbB2, Her2, Her2/Neu, Her1, Cyclin A and D1, ABL, SKP2, ETV6 (TELgene), MGC2177, PLAG1, PSMC6P and LYN.
- the nucleic acids are amplified by reversed transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and are analyzed by gel coloration, by radioactive immunological technique (RIA), by enzyme linked immunosorbant test (ELISA) or by a microchip test (gene array), and possibly quantified by any method for nucleic acid quantification.
- RT-PCR reversed transcriptase chain reaction
- RIA radioactive immunological technique
- ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbant test
- microchip test gene array
- RNA and DNA can advantageously be carried out by real time PCR, such as “TAQMANTM”, or on capillaries “LIGHTCYCLERTM”, or real time PCR and RT PCR of any company.
- the genes analyzed may be compared to a reference nucleic acid extract (DNA and RNA) corresponding to the expression (RNA) and quantity (DNA) of a unique house keeping gene, or to a reference RNA corresponding to the expression of a house keeping coding gene, or to a reference DNA corresponding to a unique gene, or may be estimated in reference to a standard curve obtained with nucleic acids of a cell line.
- DNA and RNA nucleic acid extract
- telomerase RNA and DNA have been chosen as example, since telomerase activity is enhanced in 85 to 100% of cancers. But it must be stressed that the present invention is valid for all genes, and specially oncogenes that have been reported to be both amplified and over expressed in many cancers and cancer cell lines, for instance MYCN in neuroblastoma, ErbB2 in esophagal, breast and ovarian cancer, Her2, Her2/Neu and Her1 in breast and Her2/Neu in lung, Cyclin A an D1 in colorectal or laryngeal cancer, ABL in leukemias and lymphomas, SKP2 in non small cell lung cancer, ETV& (TELgene) in myelodysplastic syndrome. These are some of the most studied, but many others have been reported, such as MGC2177, PLAG1, PSMC6P, and LYN.
- the hTERT gene was used, which codes for the reverse transcriptase of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein.
- Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes repeated telomeric sequences at chromosomal ends.
- the telomeres protect the chromosomal ends and at each cell division these telomeres are shortened.
- Telomerase composed of an RNA template (hTR) and a reverse transcriptase enzyme (hTERT) plus associated proteins such as TEP 1 that synthesizes these telomeres.
- telomere RNA hTR
- hTERT reverse transcriptase enzyme of the RNA telomerase
- TEP1 associated protein
- RNA components and mRNA coding for telomerase are cellular components, it was observed that, surprisingly, these components could be also found in an extracellular form in plasma or serum.
- the present inventors have shown an increased amount of hTR, hTERT and TEP1 RNA in the plasma or serum of persons suffering from breast, ovarian, head and neck, pancreatic, liver, stomach or colon cancer while these products have been shown to be absent in the blood of healthy persons.
- DNA coding for telomerase components in particular for hTERT can also be found in greater amounts (amplified) in the plasma of cancer patients than in healthy controls. It is known since a long time that there is often more DNA in the plasma of cancer patients than in the plasma of healthy controls (this has been demonstrated by measuring the amount of beta-globin for instance), but hTERT DNA yields even more than what could be expected, giving evidence of an amplification of this gene.
- the method of diagnosis according to the invention consists in extracting the nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) from the plasma or the serum of the blood, purifying it and amplifying it in order to establish the presence and the quantity of the product made in this case by the reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) representing both RNA and DNA of components hTERT.
- RT-PCR reverse polymerase chain reaction
- the amplification product of the DNA and of the RNA components transcribed into DNA by RT-PCR are detected and quantified. This can be done by any nucleic acid quantification method.
- nucleic acids DNA and RNA
- any technique of extraction of purification and of amplification of the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in the plasma or the serum may be used.
- the present invention will now be illustrated in a non-limitative manner by the following example related to the diagnosis of some cancers using hTERT DNA and RNA quantification.
- Blood samples (2 ml) were collected in EDTA tubes prior to surgery or treatment on patients bearing small malignant breast tumors or on patients suffering of head and neck, colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer. Blood was taken in the same way as healthy volunteers for controls.
- the whole blood samples should be centrifuged as soon as possible. If the centrifugation cannot take place immediately, the blood samples should be stored at 4° immediately after blood collection and centrifuged within 6 hours. The blood samples at 1,600 g for 10 min at 4° C. The plasma was transferred into new tubes taking care not to disturb the buffy coat layer. A second round centrifugation of the plasma was performed at 16,000 g for 10 min at 4° C. The plasma was finally transferred into new tubes taking care not to disturb the underlying cell pellet and stored if necessary at ⁇ 70°.
- RNA and DNA were extracted using a commercially available kit (Ultrasens viral kit from Qiagen), which extracts DNA as well as RNA, according to manufacturers instructions.
- RNA and DNA were located on one exon and which would yield both RNA and DNA:
- F (SEQ ID NO: 1) 5'-ACC GTC TGC GTG AGG AGA TC-3'; R: (SEQ ID NO: 2) 5'-CCG GTA GAA AAA AGA GCC TGT TC-3' and the PROBE (SEQ ID NO: 3) 5'Fam -TGT ACG TCG TCG AGC TGC TCA GGT CTT T-3' TAMRA.
- RNA and DNA we used the beta-Globin gene on exon 2: forward primer: 5′ CTGCTGGTGGTCTACCCTTG 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 4); Reverse primer: 5′ CCTGAAGTTCTCAGGATCCA 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 5); and Hybridization probe:5′Fam.
- CTCCTGATGCTGTTATGGGCAACCCT 3 TAMRA′ (SEQ ID NO: 6) which would yield both RNA and DNA or the GAPDH gene on exon 8: Forward primer 5′GTGGACCTGACCTGCCG3′ (SEQ ID NO: 7); Reverse primer 5′ GGAGGAGTGGGTGTCGC 3′ (SEQ ID NO: 8) and the probe for TAQMANTM 5′ FAM-AAGGGCATCCTGGGCTACACTGAGCA3′ TAMRA (SEQ ID NO: 9).
- RNA and DNA can be replaced by any housekeeping unique gene.
- the results given below were calculated using arbitrary quantities expressed either as CT (cycle threshold numbers) or 2 ⁇ CT values (for instance 2 CT of hTERT ⁇ CT of b-Globin). They always compared extractions of plasma nucleic acids of cancer patients and healthy donors extracted the same day and with the same amount (0.5 ml) of plasma/serum. It is possible to estimate in another way by comparing the results to a curve obtained by known quantities of one gene.
- the QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR (Qiagen) was used in 25 ⁇ l RT-PCR reaction mixture containing the manufacturer's Master Mix, the RT mix (OnmiscriptTM reverse transcriptase, SensiscriptTM reverse transcriptase, hot-start TaqTM DNA polymerase) to which we added the set of primers (0.4 ⁇ M) and TAQMANTM probe (0.1 ⁇ M) and 3 to 6 ⁇ l of the 30 ⁇ l of eluted nucleic acids.
- the RT-PCT conditions of the mixture were an initial incubation at 50° C. for 30 min followed by a 95° C. incubation for 15 min to activate the HotstarTaqTM DNA Polymerase, then 50 cycles at 94° C. (15 sec), 60° C. (1 min).
- primer examples All base sequences mentioned here above as primer examples are known and may as such be consulted on the web site of the Genome Database. They may be replaced by other primers and probes located on the above-mentioned genes. Reference genes may be changed by other genes.
- FIG. 1 shows as reference the amplification plots obtained using real time quantitative PCR for the hTERT gene (DNA), and with the x-axis being the cycle number of the PCR reaction and the y-axis the fluorescence intensity over background.
- FIG. 2 shows as reference the amplification plots obtained using real time quantitative RT-PCR for the hTERT gene (RNA), and with the x-axis being the cycle number of the PCR reaction and the y-axis the fluorescence intensity over background.
- FIG. 3 shows the amplification plots obtained using real time quantitative RT-PCR for the hTERT gene (total nucleic acids DNA and RNA), according to the present invention, and with the x-axis being the cycle number of the PCR reaction and the y-axis the fluorescence intensity over background.
- the first group of lines (A) with a CT value around 37 is composed of the amplification product of samples of DNA from healthy donors with hTERT primers
- the second group (B) with a CT value around 35 is composed of the amplification product of samples of plasma DNA from patients suffering from head and neck cancer.
- the first group of lines (C) with a CT value around 34 is composed of the amplification product of samples of RNA from healthy donors with hTERT primers
- the second group (D) with a CT value around 32 is composed of the amplification product of samples of plasma RNA from patients suffering from head and neck cancer.
- a difference of 2 CT values represents a difference of 4 times RNA values obtained from the same amount of plasma.
- the first group of lines (E) with a CT value around 35 is composed of the amplification product of samples of plasma nucleic acid from healthy donors with hTERT primers
- the second group (F) with a CT value around 29 is composed of the amplification product of samples of plasma nucleic acid from patients suffering from head and neck cancer.
- the difference between the CT values (comprising RNA and DNA) of the control group and the cancer group is higher than in FIGS. 1 and 2 , DNA or RNA are measured. This demonstrates the clear advantage of the method according to the present invention.
Abstract
Description
F: | (SEQ ID NO: 1) |
5'-ACC GTC TGC GTG AGG AGA TC-3'; |
R: | (SEQ ID NO: 2) |
5'-CCG GTA GAA AAA AGA GCC TGT TC-3' |
and the PROBE |
(SEQ ID NO: 3) |
5'Fam -TGT ACG TCG TCG AGC TGC TCA GGT CTT T-3' |
TAMRA. |
Samples studied | Number of samples | hTERT positive % |
CONTROLS | 51 | 2% |
|
27 | 81% |
HEAD AND |
16 | 94% |
COLORECTAL | 18 | 83 |
BREAST | ||
7 | 100 | |
LIVER | ||
6 | 83% | |
Claims (46)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/447,104 USRE44596E1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2012-04-13 | Method for the detection of cancer |
US14/039,168 USRE49542E1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2013-09-27 | Method for the detection of cancer |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05007508 | 2005-04-06 | ||
EP05007508A EP1712639B1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2005-04-06 | Method for the diagnosis of cancer by detecting circulating DNA and RNA |
US11/336,780 US7700286B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-01-23 | Method for the detection of cancer |
US13/447,104 USRE44596E1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2012-04-13 | Method for the detection of cancer |
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US11/336,780 Reissue US7700286B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-01-23 | Method for the detection of cancer |
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US11/336,780 Division US7700286B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-01-23 | Method for the detection of cancer |
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USRE44596E1 true USRE44596E1 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
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US11/336,780 Ceased US7700286B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-01-23 | Method for the detection of cancer |
US13/447,104 Active 2028-03-27 USRE44596E1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2012-04-13 | Method for the detection of cancer |
US14/039,168 Active 2028-03-27 USRE49542E1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2013-09-27 | Method for the detection of cancer |
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US11/336,780 Ceased US7700286B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2006-01-23 | Method for the detection of cancer |
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Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US7700286B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1712639B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE406463T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005009324D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2313143T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1712639T3 (en) |
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US20060228727A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
PL1712639T3 (en) | 2009-02-27 |
USRE49542E1 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
EP1712639A1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
EP1712639B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
ATE406463T1 (en) | 2008-09-15 |
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