USRE42628E1 - Thermochromic water proof apparel - Google Patents
Thermochromic water proof apparel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE42628E1 USRE42628E1 US12/022,848 US2284808A USRE42628E US RE42628 E1 USRE42628 E1 US RE42628E1 US 2284808 A US2284808 A US 2284808A US RE42628 E USRE42628 E US RE42628E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- color
- thermochromic
- sheet material
- ambient
- waterproof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime, expires
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 that is Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
- A41D27/08—Trimmings; Ornaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D3/00—Overgarments
- A41D3/02—Overcoats
- A41D3/04—Raincoats
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/004—Dyeing with phototropic dyes; Obtaining camouflage effects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D2500/00—Materials for garments
- A41D2500/50—Synthetic resins or rubbers
- A41D2500/52—Synthetic resins or rubbers in sheet form
Definitions
- the field of the invention relates to waterproof outerwear. More particularly, the invention relates to waterproof outerwear made of flexible sheet material, such as elastomeric PVC, polyurethane elastomer, or other thermoplastic alloys, that changes its appearance as the ambient temperature changes.
- flexible sheet material such as elastomeric PVC, polyurethane elastomer, or other thermoplastic alloys
- Conventional waterproof apparel which includes raincoats or jackets, rain hats, rain pants and footwear, is generally constructed of a waterproof material.
- the types of material used for such waterproof apparel include woven and non-woven material, material that is inherently waterproof, such as PVC or other polymeric extruded or calendered sheet material, as well as woven cotton material that is surface-treated with a waterproofing coating.
- waterproof apparel Essentially, the purpose of waterproof apparel is to protect the wearer from the external elements. Many types of material are already known that satisfy this purpose adequately. It is also important that waterproof apparel be comfortable to wear and aethetically pleasing and it is in this area that waterproof apparel is often less than satisfactory, particularly for children. Children often refuse to wear traditional waterproof apparel because it is found to be cumbersome and unappealing. Thus, children are often exposed to undesirable weather elements without benefit of protective clothing.
- waterproof apparel that provides an entertaining and surprising effect that is appealing to children.
- One such entertaining and surprising effect is to provide for a color change in the fabric of the waterproof apparel, depending on the temperature or on sunshine. It is know to effect a change in the color of a material by the use of thermochromic dyes or inks.
- Thermochromic dyes allow a reversible color change as a function of temperature change. For instance, a thermochromic dye incorporated into a material appears transparent until the material reaches a certain temperature, at which time, due to an electron exchange, the color pigment of the thermochromic dye is released from encapsulation and the material takes on the color of the pigment.
- Thermochromic materials can be formulated to “change” color when the temperature rises above or falls below a predefined temperature.
- thermochromic dyes and their use in PVC sheet material are known.
- the Pilot Ink Co. teaches thermochromic dyes and methods of incorporating them into plastic materials. See, for example, Nakasuji et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,118; 1977) and Kito, et al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,560; 1983), which disclose thermochromic sheets comprising a thermochromic layer containing thermochromic material that is laminated onto a backing material.
- a suitable technique such as adding the thermochromic material to a polymeric substance, the resulting mixture is then made into a film that can be heat pressed onto the backing material.
- a protective layer is laminated onto the thermochromic layer to make it weather resistant.
- the protective layer may be a film of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- thermochromic-dye-containing images discloses applying thermochromic-dye-containing images to a boot.
- the boot appears to be a uniform, solid color at room temperature, for example, but when the temperature drops below a pre-defined temperature, the images then become apparent.
- Doolan U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,241; 2001 discloses an umbrella having a canopy onto which thermochromic-dye-containing images have been applied. When the temperature of the umbrella fabric drops because of the cooling effect of the rain, the images become visible on the canopy. None of the prior art, however, discloses waterproof apparel that is made of a flexible fabric and that incorporates thermochromic properties and/or ultraviolet-sensitive properties.
- waterproof apparel that provides adequate protection against the elements of the weather, but that is, at the same time, comfortable to wear.
- apparel that is aethetically appealing to the wearer.
- waterproof apparel that is particularly appealing and entertaining to children.
- the above-cited objects are achieved by providing waterproof apparel that is visually appealing and engages the interest and pleasure of the wearer by providing a change in appearance as a function of ambient conditions.
- the waterproof apparel according to the invention is constructed of flexible PVC film that contains thermochromic properties such that, when the temperature of the waterproof apparel changes beyond a set limit temperature, the waterproof apparel changes appearance.
- thermochromic substances such as pigments or dyes
- PVC resin that is extruded, calendered, or cast into sheet material for use in the fabric for the waterproof apparel.
- thermochromic dyes are hereinafter referred to simply as thermochromic dyes.
- the thermochromic dye remains transparent within a certain temperature range, but, when the ambient temperature, and thus, also the temperature of the waterproof apparel, changes beyond a pre-defined limit, the dye then becomes visible. The ability to visibly see the change in ambient temperature provides a fun and surprising experience for the wearer of the waterproof apparel.
- the waterproof apparel according to the invention is constructed of flexible PVC material that includes at least one thermochromic dye.
- a raincoat that is pink at room temperature changes to purple when the temperature of the PVC material drops below 62 degrees F.
- the pink raincoat described above changes to another color, say a cool blue, when the temperature rises above 68 degrees F.
- a second thermochromic dye within the PVC resin to be extruded such that a variegated pattern appears on the apparel.
- the variegated patterns include moiré effects, stripes, or random appearances of one or more colors that provide a “mottled” effect.
- a raincoat according to the invention changes color when the temperature rises above or falls below pre-defined limit temperatures, but also changes color when the ultra-violet light level rises above or falls below pre-defined limits.
- the waterproof apparel according to the invention includes coats, jackets, pants, hats, skirts, boots or shoes, shoe coverings, shoulder bags, tote bags, and backpacks.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a raincoat have a color at room temperature.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the raincoat of FIG. 1 , having changed its color due to a change in ambient temperature beyond a pre-defined temperature limit.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the raincoat of FIG. 1 evidencing a moiré effect created by the simultaneous activation of two or more thermochromic dyes.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the raincoat of FIG. 1 evidencing a mottled effect created by the simultaneous activation of multiple thermochromic dyes.
- the batch material for fabricating a flexible PVC sheet material includes the polyvinyl chloride polymer and/or copolymer resin, compounded with plasticizers as needed to provide a supple sheet suitable for waterproof apparel, and one or more thermochromic dyes.
- the thermochromic dyes are conventional dyes, such as dyes provided by Keystone Aniline Dyes.
- the dyes are added to the batch material in the form of microencapsulated particles, in which they appear transparent, i.e., are invisible, as long as the ambient temperature remains within a base temperature range. When the temperature exceeds a pre-defined limit, the dye is released from the encapsulation and now becomes visible. This process of releasing the particles of dye is reversible, as taught by the Pilot Ink Co. patents mentioned above, so that when the temperature reverts back to the base temperature range, the dye is again encapsulated and becomes, again, invisible.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a waterproof apparel 10 according to the invention.
- the waterproof apparel 10 in this particular illustration a coat, is constructed of a flexible, PVC sheet material containing a thermochromic dye that is co-extruded with the PVC sheet material.
- FIG. 1 shows the waterproof apparel 10 at room temperature, having a first solid color 3 at room temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows the waterproof apparel 10 having a second solid color 5 after the temperature has dropped below a predefined temperature limit, such as 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
- a predefined temperature limit such as 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
- the waterproof apparel 10 is constructed of a flexible thermochromic PVC sheet material that includes a first thermochromic dye that becomes apparent at a first temperature change limit and a second thermochromic dye that becomes apparent at a second temperature change limit.
- the flexible PVC sheet material has a base color of yellow. When the temperature drops below 65 degrees Fahrenheit, the color of the sheet material changes to blue; when the temperature rises above 72 degrees Fahrenheit, the color changes to green. It is understood that many variations of the present invention are possible, using numerous thermochromic dyes and choosing any number of feasible temperature limits.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate variations of the waterproof apparel 10 , depending on how the thermochromic dyes are incorporated into the PVC base material and how many colors are used.
- FIG. 3 shows the waterproof apparel 10 that evidences a moiré effect when the temperature changes beyond the predefined temperature limit.
- the dyes are injected into the extrusion process through a series of nozzles or injectors, thereby creating a striped and/or wavy pattern in the PVC material.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another variation in which multiple colors are incorporated into the base material in a random pattern, creating the mottled effect with the ambient temperature rises above or falls below the respective temperature limit.
- thermochromic dyes that is, dyes that are sensitive to ultra-violet light (UV)
- UV ultra-violet light
- the PVC fabric for the waterproof apparel 10 may include photochromatic dyes, either alone or in combination with thermochromic dyes.
- waterproof apparel 12 that is made of a flexible PVC or other elastomeric polymer fabric that changes color as a function of the amount of ambient UV light. If the sky is overcast, the waterproof apparel 12 evidences a base color. When the sun comes out, the color of the waterproof apparel changes to a second color. It is within the scope of the invention to provide waterproof apparel that includes a combination of thermochromic dyes and photochromatic dyes.
- the material used for the waterproof apparel 10 preferably has a supple drape to it and feels comfortable against the skin of a wearer. For this reason, additives or a backing may be applied to the flexible PVC or other polymeric material to provide a feel to the waterproof apparel 10 that is akin to a woven fabric.
- Nylon is a suitable additive and a suitable backing material may be made of olefin polymers, copolymers, or terpolymers.
Abstract
Description
Claims (34)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/022,848 USRE42628E1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2008-01-30 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/452,403 US6990688B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2003-06-02 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
US12/022,848 USRE42628E1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2008-01-30 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/452,403 Reissue US6990688B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2003-06-02 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE42628E1 true USRE42628E1 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
Family
ID=33451990
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/452,403 Ceased US6990688B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2003-06-02 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
US12/022,848 Expired - Lifetime USRE42628E1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2008-01-30 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/452,403 Ceased US6990688B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2003-06-02 | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6990688B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1631161B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007526401A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE454052T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004024981D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1087309A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004107886A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100012017A1 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-01-21 | Luvgear Inc. | Device and method for identifying a change in a predetermined condition |
US20110083247A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | James Farah | Liquid crystal color changing shirt |
US8646114B1 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2014-02-11 | Antoinette Williams | System and apparatus for the prevention of the use of certain interventions on vulnerable patients |
US20160081405A1 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | David GUBITOSA | Garment and bedding for identifying a medical procedure site |
US9636905B2 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2017-05-02 | 8372683 Canada, Inc. | Device and method for identifying a change in a predetermined condition |
US20180000177A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Beau Horner | Thermochromic Articles of Apparel and Methods of Production |
US20210113387A1 (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-22 | Dennis E Carmichael | Toilet Training Composition |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040241385A1 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Huseman Stephen Daniel | Thermochromatic curtain |
US6990688B2 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2006-01-31 | Aperfine Lauren M | Thermochromic water proof apparel |
WO2006014987A2 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-09 | Kolurz, Llc | Method of making dynamic image for an article and article thereof |
US20070252115A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Arehart Kelly D | Thermochromic elastic articles |
US7775176B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2010-08-17 | Reagan Abel | Device for adjustably suspending a boat fender from a rod holder |
US8029190B2 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2011-10-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and articles for sensing relative temperature |
US20090326409A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Cohen Jason C | Clothing sufficiency indicator |
DE102008036397B4 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2016-06-23 | Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut e.V. | Nonwoven fabric with photochromatic properties and its use |
TW201116223A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-05-16 | Code Footwear Llc | Reconfigurable shoes and apparel and docking assembly therefor |
US20110072691A1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-03-31 | Regina Greer | Shoe Cover |
US20120171918A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-05 | Pbi Performance Products, Inc. | Flame resistant fabric with tracing yarns |
US20130212768A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Timothy C. Robinson | Modular Detoxification Garment |
US9820515B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2017-11-21 | Kenneth E. Crockett, JR. | Apparel with thermochromic dyes for monitoring and optimizing exercise performance |
RU2013143795A (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-04-10 | Кеннет Э. мл. КРОКЕТТ | CLOTHES WITH THERMOCHROME DYES FOR MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION OF EXERCISE EXERCISES |
CN103549669A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-02-05 | 苏州工业园区友顺制衣厂 | Photochromic costume |
US10993484B2 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2021-05-04 | Nike, Inc. | Wetness indicator garment |
EP3890534B1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2023-10-18 | Puma Se | Method for monitoring or visualizing the running speed of an athlete and athletic garment |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4028118A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1977-06-07 | Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. | Thermochromic materials |
US4032687A (en) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-06-28 | Funstuf, Inc. | Transferable color changeable applique |
US4142782A (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1979-03-06 | Brian Edward D O | Display arrangements employing thermochromic compositions |
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US4642250A (en) | 1986-01-13 | 1987-02-10 | Donald Spector | Fabrics and garments formed thereby having thermally-sensitive chromatic properties |
GB2208348A (en) | 1987-07-28 | 1989-03-30 | Ind Gloves | Protective garment |
US4826550A (en) | 1985-11-28 | 1989-05-02 | Matui Shikiso Chemical Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing molded product of thermochromic polyvinyl chloride |
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US5688592A (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1997-11-18 | The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. | Thermochromic laminate comprising light intercepting pigment and light stabilizer |
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-
2003
- 2003-06-02 US US10/452,403 patent/US6990688B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2004
- 2004-06-01 EP EP04754032A patent/EP1631161B1/en active Active
- 2004-06-01 DE DE602004024981T patent/DE602004024981D1/en active Active
- 2004-06-01 WO PCT/US2004/017327 patent/WO2004107886A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-01 AT AT04754032T patent/ATE454052T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-01 JP JP2006515085A patent/JP2007526401A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-08-15 HK HK06109080.6A patent/HK1087309A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-01-30 US US12/022,848 patent/USRE42628E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4028118A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1977-06-07 | Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. | Thermochromic materials |
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Also Published As
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EP1631161A2 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
JP2007526401A (en) | 2007-09-13 |
EP1631161A4 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
US6990688B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
WO2004107886A2 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
HK1087309A1 (en) | 2006-10-13 |
WO2004107886B1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1631161B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
WO2004107886A3 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
DE602004024981D1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
US20040237164A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
ATE454052T1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
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