USRE41048E1 - Combined Lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process - Google Patents
Combined Lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE41048E1 USRE41048E1 US09/315,796 US31579699A USRE41048E US RE41048 E1 USRE41048 E1 US RE41048E1 US 31579699 A US31579699 A US 31579699A US RE41048 E USRE41048 E US RE41048E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- flexographic
- substrate
- image
- lithographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/02—Letterpress printing, e.g. book printing
- B41M1/04—Flexographic printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F11/00—Rotary presses or machines having forme cylinders carrying a plurality of printing surfaces, or for performing letterpress, lithographic, or intaglio processes selectively or in combination
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/06—Lithographic printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/14—Multicolour printing
- B41M1/18—Printing one ink over another
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/0027—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or layers by lamination or by fusion of the coatings or layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2200/00—Printing processes
- B41P2200/10—Relief printing
- B41P2200/12—Flexographic printing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S101/00—Printing
- Y10S101/49—Convertible printing press, e.g. lithographic to letter press
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to printing machines and processes and in particular to a combined lithographic/flexographic in-line printing apparatus and process.
- a steel or ceramic ink metering roller Its surface is engraved with tiny, uniform cells that carry and deposit a thin, controlled layer of ink film or coating material onto the plate.
- anilox rollers transfer a controlled ink film from the rubber plate (or rubber-covered roller) to the web to print the image.
- Anilox rollers are also used in remoistenable glue units and to create “scratch-and-sniff” perfume ads.
- the inking method commonly employed on flexographic presses An elastomer-covered fountain roller supplies a controlled ink film from the ink pan to the engraved metering roller. After ink floods the metering roller, the fountain roller is squeezed or wiped usually with a doctor blade to remove the excess ink. The ink that remains on the metering roller is then transferred to the rubber printing plate.
- An unbroken, clear film applied to a substrate in layers to protect and seal it, or to make it glossy.
- a quick-drying, fluid ink that is highly volatile or an ink that can be water based and nonvolatile.
- a method of rotary letterpress printing characterized by the use of flexible, rubber, or plastic plates with raised image areas and fluid, rapid-drying inks.
- Dot-pattern images that have the appearance of continuous-tone images because of the limited resolving power of the human eye. This limitation accounts for an optical illusion; small halftone dots, when viewed at the normal reading distance, cannot be resolved as individual dots but blend into a continuous tone.
- a lithographic plate is precoated with a light-sensitive or otherwise imageable coating, and the separation between the image and nonimage areas is maintained chemically.
- the image areas must be ink receptive and refuse water and the nonimage areas must be water receptive and refuse ink.
- the plate is an image carrier that is said to be planographic, or flat and smooth.
- An indirect printing method in which the inked image on a press plate is first transferred to a rubber blanket, that in turn “offsets” the inked impression to a press sheet.
- the printing plate In offset lithography, the printing plate has been photochemically treated to produce image areas receptive to ink.
- a water suspension of fibers or the suspension of pigment and adhesive used to coat papers may also include a suspended metallic material such as uniform-sized metal particles or nonuniform-sized metal particles.
- Printing inks containing an activator that causes the polymerization of binders and solvents after exposure to a source of ultraviolet radiation are examples of an activator that causes the polymerization of binders and solvents after exposure to a source of ultraviolet radiation.
- Offset lithography is a process that is well known in the art and utilizes the planographic method. This means that the image and nonprinting areas are essentially on the same plane of a thin metal plate and the distinction between them is maintained chemically. There are two basic differences between offset lithography and other processes. First, it is based on the principle that grease and water do not mix. Second, the ink is offset from the first plate to a rubber blanket and then from the blanket to a substrate on which printing is to occur such as paper.
- the printing image is made grease receptive and water repellent and the nonprinting areas are made water receptive and ink repellent.
- the plate is mounted on the plate cylinder of the press which, as it rotates, comes in contact successively with rollers wet by a water or dampening solution and rollers wet by ink.
- the dampening solution wets the nonprinting areas of the plate and prevents the ink from wetting these areas.
- the ink wets the image areas which are transferred to the intermediate blanket cylinder.
- the inked image is transferred to the substrate as it passes between the blanket cylinder and the impression cylinder. Transferring the image from the plate to a rubber blanket before transfer to the substrate is called the offset principle.
- One major advantage of the offset principle is that the soft rubber surface of the blanket creates a clear impression on a wide variety of paper surfaces and other substrate materials with both rough and smooth textures with a minimum of press preparation.
- Offset lithography has equipment for short, medium and long runs. Both sheetfed and web presses are used. Sheetfed lithography is used for printing advertising, books, catalogs, greeting cards, posters, labels, packaging, folding boxes, decalcomanias, coupons, trading stamps, and art reproductions. Many sheetfed presses can perfect (print both sides of the paper) in one pass through the press. Web offset is used for printing business forms, newspapers, preprinted newspaper inserts, advertising literature, catalogs, long-run books, encyclopedias, and magazines.
- the rubber blanket surface conforms to irregular printing surfaces, resulting in the need for less pressure and preparation. It has improved print quality of text and halftones on rough surfaced papers. Further, the substrate does not contact the printing plate thereby increasing plate life and reducing abrasive wear. Also, the image on the plate is right for reading rather than reverse reading. Finally, less ink is required for equal coverage, drying is speeded, and smudging and setoff are reduced. Setoff is a condition that results when wet ink on the surface of the press sheets transfers or sticks to the backs of other sheets in the delivery pile.
- conventional lithographic offset printing machines or presses comprise one or more image printing stations each having a printing roller or a plate cylinder to which is fastened a thin hydrophilic, oleophobic printing plate having image areas which are oleophilic and hydrophobic and background areas which are oleophobic and hydrophilic.
- the plate surface is continuously wetted with an aqueous damping solution which adheres only to the background areas and inked with oleo-resinous inks which adhere only to the image areas of the plate as wet ink.
- the ink is offset transferred to the rubber surface of a contacting blanket cylinder and then retransferred to the receptive surface of a copy web or a succession of copy sheets, such as paper, with an impression cylinder and the ink air dries by oxidation and curing after passing through a drying station.
- Lithographic inks are formulated to print from planographic surfaces which use the principle that grease and water do not mix. Lithographic inks are generally very strong in color value to compensate for the lesser amount applied. They are among the strongest of all inks. The average amount of ink transferred to the paper is about half that of letter press because of the double split of the ink film between the plate cylinder and the blanket cylinder and the blanket cylinder and the substrate on the impression cylinder.
- slurry-type materials such as “scratch-and-sniff” materials which is a liquid vehicle with a slurry containing an encapsulated essence.
- Such liquid vehicles because of the nature of the slurry, must be printed with a flexographic process because the anilox roller can supply greater amounts of ink to the flexo flexographic plate on the plate cylinder.
- liquid opaque coatings or inks such as white colored ink, scratch-and-sniff vehicles, and slurries with metal particles do not achieve desired results when printed in an offset lithographic process and must be transferred from the offset lithographic in-line machines to a separate machine for printing in a separate run.
- the present invention provides for a continuous in-line printing process having a plurality of successive printing stations for printing color images on a substrate. At least one of the stations prints a liquid vehicle image on a substrate with an opaque coating using the flexographic process and at least one of the successive printing stations printing a second color image over the liquid vehicle image on the printed substrate using the lithographic process in the continuous in-line process.
- a single in-line continuous printing process is used.
- One of the stations may print a liquid vehicle image on a substrate that contains a slurry with an encapsulated essence therein utilizing the flexographic process.
- Another one of the stations may apply an overcoating over the liquid vehicle image on the printed substrate using a lithographic process.
- Still another of the stations may print an aqueous-based vehicle image including a suspended metallic material therein using the flexographic process to form a metallic coating and thereafter at least one of the successive printing stations prints a color image over the aqueous-based vehicle image using the lithographic offset process in the continuous in-line process.
- a flexographic plate image is placed on the blanket cylinder for receiving the liquid vehicle and transferring the liquid vehicle to the receptive surface of the copy web or succession of copy sheets on the impression cylinder for printing.
- An anilox roller is associated with the flexographic plate for supplying the liquid vehicle which may be an aqueous-based vehicle.
- a high-velocity air dryer is associated with the impression cylinder of one or more of the printing stations where the printing on the substrate is occurring to assist in drying the ink or liquid vehicle printed on the substrate while it is on or near the impression cylinder, before the substrate arrives at the next successive station for additional printing, or before printing occurs at the next successive station.
- a liquid vehicle such as white ink
- it is printed with a flexographic process which deposits a greater amount of ink on the substrate
- the ink is dried with a high-velocity air dryer while the substrate is on or near the impression cylinder and prior to the substrate being received by the next successive station.
- the printing of the white liquid vehicle may again take place thus ensuring the desired intensity of whiteness on the substrate.
- a printing may take place on top of the white printing and such printing may continue at the remaining successive stations.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art offset lithography printing station
- FIG. 2 is a generalized depiction of a printing station that may be used either as an offset lithographic station or a flexographic printing station and illustrates how the station may be converted from an offset lithographic station to a flexographic station; and
- FIG. 3 illustrates the continuous in-line process of the present invention comprising a plurality of printing stations, each of which can be converted from an offset lithographic printing station to a flexographic printing station as well as a final coating station.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a well-known offset lithography printing station 10 having a plate cylinder 12 , a blanket cylinder 14 , and an impression cylinder 16 .
- the printing medium or substrate such as paper 20 either in sheet form or web, is fed over the impression cylinder 16 in printing contact with the blanket cylinder 14 to receive the image and then passes over the paper transfer cylinder 18 with the image printed thereon.
- An inking system 26 well known in the art, transfers the ink from the ink supply to the plate cylinder 12 . This is a typical offset lithography printing station.
- offset lithographic printing machines generally have a plurality of in-line liquid application stations at least one of which is an ink image printing station for printing lithographic ink images on to suitable receptive copy sheets.
- the final downstream liquid application station is a coating application station for printing a protective and/or aesthetic coating over selected portions of or over the entire ink-image printed surface of the copy sheets and can also be used to print metallic coatings or slurry.
- two liquid application stations are shown, the latter including a coating apparatus and the first station being a conventional offset image printing station.
- the coating application printing station is one that can be modified to convert it either permanently or intermittently to a coating station from an offset lithographic station.
- the station 30 comprises a housing 32 which includes therein a plate cylinder 34 that is fed with an ink system of rollers 36 that take ink from an ink supply 38 and transfer it to the plate cylinder 34 .
- a blanket cylinder 40 is in ink transfer relationship with the plate cylinder 34 and the impression cylinder 42 where the image is transferred to a substrate passing between blanket cylinder 40 and impression cylinder 42 as blanket cylinder 40 rotates in the direction of arrow 52 .
- This is a conventional offset lithographic printing station.
- the coater apparatus 43 When it is desired to convert that station into a coater station, the coater apparatus 43 has a coater head 44 including a supply of liquid coating and an anilox roller 46 that can be moved such that it can be in contact with either the blanket cylinder 40 for direct printing or the plate cylinder 34 for offset printing. In this case, the ink roller 36 for the lithographic system are removed from engagement with the plate cylinder 34 in a well-known manner.
- the coater unit 43 includes a motor device 45 , an arm 47 , and a pivotal connection 48 that connects the coater head 44 with the remainder of the assembly.
- the offset lithographic machine of FIG. 2 is converted as shown therein to a coater that is used only in the last stage of an in-line printing process. It has not been able to be used in stages other than the last printing station because the ink that is placed on the blanket cylinder by means of an anilox roller is still wet when it arrives at the subsequent stations, thus causing smearing of the printed material and causing a general impossibility of printing other information thereon.
- applicant has modified the station shown in FIG. 2 by the addition of a high-velocity air dryer 50 that is associated with the impression cylinder 42 directly after the ink is transferred from the blanket cylinder to the substrate on the impression cylinder.
- the ink is sufficiently dried when it passes to the next station that further printing can take place on the printed substrate.
- a conventional in-line offset lithographic printing machine 52 having an apparatus to feed paper into the said machine, referred to as a feeder 54 , printing stations 56 , 58 , 60 , 62 , and 64 and a coating station 66 .
- a delivery station 68 receives the printed material or substrates.
- the succeeding printing stations can then print a second color image over the first color image using the lithographic process in the continuous in-line process.
- the flexographic process printing station includes the blanket cylinder 40 and the impression cylinder 42 .
- a flexographic plate 41 on the blanket cylinder 40 has an image thereon for receiving the first color from the anilox roller 46 and transferring that first color image to the impression cylinder 42 for printing on the substrate.
- the high-velocity air dryer 50 thus dries the flexographic ink on the substrate and passes the substrate to the subsequent printing station.
- station 56 may be modified as generally shown therein and illustrated in FIG.
- a flexographic ink can be printed thereon at station 56 , dried by the high-velocity air dryer 50 , and coupled to subsequent in-line stations 58 - 64 for further printing a second or more color images over the first color image using the offset lithographic process in a continuous in-line process.
- the flexographic printing station shown in FIG. 2 may print a liquid vehicle image on the substrate with a slurry containing an encapsulated essence.
- an overcoating may be applied over the liquid vehicle image on the printed substrate using the flexographic process in the continuous in-line process.
- the overocating may be an aqueous overcoating, or an ultraviolet overcoating.
- the substrate may be a sheet or a web 20 as illustrated in FIG. 1 or it may be single sheet fed in the continuous in-line process from the stack sheets shown at 54 in FIG. 3 .
- the modified flexographic printing station 30 shown in FIG. 2 may be any one of the stations 56 - 64 in FIG. 3 , and as illustrated by stations 56 and 58 , and may print an aqueous-based vehicle image including a suspended metallic material therein using the flexographic process to form a metallic coating.
- the high-velocity air dryer 50 may be passed to one of the successive printing stations for printing a color image over the aqueous-based vehicle image using the offset lithographic process in the continuous in-line process.
- the suspended material may include uniform-sized metal particles to form the metallic coating or it may include nonuniform or multiple-sized metal particles to form the metallic coating.
- the present invention is especially useful when a liquid opaque coating must be printed such as a whole color ink.
- a liquid opaque coating must be printed such as a whole color ink.
- the anilox roller 46 at each station delivers the white ink in the same pattern to the flexographic plate 41 on the blanket cylinder 40 for transfer to the substrate on the impression cylinder 42 .
- the ink is dried and the second station may again print the same white pattern on the substrate to increase the quality of the white ink appearance after is applied to the substrate.
- the station or stations that are converted to flexographic printing stations may have an ink-providing means 46 at the printing station for applying a flexographic ink to the blanket cylinder to form the image.
- a substrate receives the flexographic ink image transfer from the blanket cylinder and at least one subsequent printing station in the in-line process receives the image-printed substrate and prints an additional coated ink image on the substrate on top of the flexographic ink image using offset lithography.
- the additional colored ink images that can be printed on top of the flexographic ink images can be conventional lithographic inks or waterless inks.
- the colored ink images may be printed with halftone screening processes.
- the flexographic ink image and the colored ink images may also be printed in solids and/or halftone printing plates in sequence and in registry in successive printing stations to produce a multicolored image on the substrate.
- the printing apparatus may include a sheetfed press or a web press.
- At least one of the flexographic printing stations prints an image with liquid vehicle slurry containing an encapsulated essence.
- at least one of the printing stations prints an image with a water-based liquid vehicle containing suspended particles that are either uniform or nonuniform in size.
- the suspended particles may be metallic particles up to substantially 16 microns in diameter.
- the present invention may also use the metallic color printing process as disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,976 incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the novelty of the present invention is to create a flexographic printing station that can be used at one of a plurality of printing stations in a continuous in-line process and in which, at a subsequent printing station, a lithographic process may be used to print over the liquid vehicle printed by the flexographic station.
- an apparatus for a combined lithographic/flexographic printing process that includes a plurality of successive printing stations for printing color images on a substrate in a continuous in-line process and wherein one of the stations prints a first color image using the flexographic process and at least one of the successive printing stations prints a second color image over the first color image using the lithographic process in the continuous in-line process.
Abstract
Description
Claims (55)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/315,796 USRE41048E1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1999-05-20 | Combined Lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
US10/667,953 US20040079246A1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2003-09-22 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/515,097 US5630363A (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1995-08-14 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
US09/315,796 USRE41048E1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1999-05-20 | Combined Lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/515,097 Reissue US5630363A (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1995-08-14 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/667,953 Continuation US20040079246A1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2003-09-22 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE41048E1 true USRE41048E1 (en) | 2009-12-22 |
Family
ID=24049964
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/515,097 Ceased US5630363A (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1995-08-14 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
US09/315,796 Expired - Lifetime USRE41048E1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1999-05-20 | Combined Lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
US10/667,953 Abandoned US20040079246A1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2003-09-22 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/515,097 Ceased US5630363A (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1995-08-14 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/667,953 Abandoned US20040079246A1 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2003-09-22 | Combined lithographic/flexographic printing apparatus and process |
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US (3) | US5630363A (en) |
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US20140076233A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-20 | Korea Institute Of Machinery & Materials | Integrated coating system |
US9180483B2 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2015-11-10 | Korea Institute Of Machinery & Materials | Integrated coating system |
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