USRE39331E1 - Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities - Google Patents
Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities Download PDFInfo
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- USRE39331E1 USRE39331E1 US11/027,584 US2758404A USRE39331E US RE39331 E1 USRE39331 E1 US RE39331E1 US 2758404 A US2758404 A US 2758404A US RE39331 E USRE39331 E US RE39331E
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
- G02B6/29382—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM including at least adding or dropping a signal, i.e. passing the majority of signals
- G02B6/29385—Channel monitoring, e.g. by tapping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
- G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
- G02B6/29382—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM including at least adding or dropping a signal, i.e. passing the majority of signals
- G02B6/29383—Adding and dropping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29391—Power equalisation of different channels, e.g. power flattening
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3586—Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating
- G02B6/3588—Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating of the processed beams, i.e. controlling during switching of orientation, alignment, or beam propagation properties such as intensity, size or shape
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3554—3D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a volume
- G02B6/3556—NxM switch, i.e. regular arrays of switches elements of matrix type constellation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3586—Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3592—Means for removing polarization dependence of the switching means, i.e. polarization insensitive switching
Abstract
Description
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- 1) The wavelength routing is intrinsically static, rendering it difficult to dynamically reconfigure these OADMs.
- 2) Add and/or drop channels often need to be multiplexed and/or demultiplexed, thereby imposing additional complexity and cost.
- 3) Stringent fabrication tolerance and painstaking optical alignment are required. Moreover, the optical alignment is not actively maintained, rendering it susceptible to environmental effects such as thermal and mechanical disturbances over the course of operation.
- 4) In an optical communication network, OADMs are typically in a ring or cascaded configuration. In order to mitigate the interference amongst OADMs, which often adversely affects the overall performance of the network, it is essential that the power levels of spectral channels entering and exiting each OADM be managed in a systematic way, for instance, by introducing a power (or gain) equalization at each stage. Such a power equalization capability is also needed for compensating for non-uniform gain caused by optical amplifiers (e.g., erbium doped fiber amplifiers) in the network. There lacks, however, a systematic and dynamic management of the power levels of various spectral channels in these OADMs.
- 5) The inherent high cost and heavy optical loss further impede the wide application of these OADMs.
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- 1) By advantageously employing an array of channel micromirrors that are individually and continuously controllable, an OADM of the present invention is capable of routing the spectral channels on a channel-by-channel basis and directing any spectral channel into any one of the output ports. As such, its underlying operation is dynamically reconfigurable, and its underlying architecture is intrinsically scalable to a large number of channel counts.
- 2) The add and drop spectral channels need not be multiplexed and demultiplexed before entering and after leaving the OADM respectively. And there are not fundamental restrictions on the wavelengths to be added or dropped.
- 3) The coupling of the spectral channels into the output ports is dynamically controlled by a servo-control assembly, rendering the OADM less susceptible to environmental effects (such as thermal and mechanical disturbances) and therefore more robust in performance. By maintaining an optimal optical alignment, the optical losses incurred by the spectral channels are also significantly reduced.
- 4) The power levels of the spectral channels coupled into the output ports can be dynamically managed according to demand, or maintained at desired values (e.g., equalized at a predetermined value) by way of the servo-control assembly. This spectral power-management capability as an integral part of the OADM will be particularly desirable in WDM optical networking applications.
- 5) The use of free-space optics provides a simple, low loss, and cost-effective construction. Moreover, the utilization of the servo-control assembly effectively relaxes the requisite fabrication tolerances and the precision of optical alignment during initial assembly, enabling the OADM to be simpler and more adaptable in structure, lower in cost and optical loss.
- 6) The underlying OADM architecture allows a multiplicity of the OADMs according to the present invention to be readily assembled (e.g., cascaded) for WDM optical networking applications.
Claims (36)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/027,584 USRE39331E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27721701P | 2001-03-19 | 2001-03-19 | |
US09/938,426 US6625346B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-08-23 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/005,714 US6687431B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-11-07 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US11/027,584 USRE39331E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US10/005,714 Reissue US6687431B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-11-07 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
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USRE39331E1 true USRE39331E1 (en) | 2006-10-10 |
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US09/938,426 Ceased US6625346B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-08-23 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/005,714 Ceased US6687431B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-11-07 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/143,651 Ceased US6661948B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-05-08 | Reconfigurable optical add and drop modules with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/745,364 Ceased US6879750B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2003-12-22 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US11/027,587 Expired - Lifetime USRE39525E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add and drop modules with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US11/027,584 Expired - Lifetime USRE39331E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US11/027,586 Ceased USRE39397E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US12/815,930 Ceased USRE42678E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2010-06-15 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US12/816,084 Ceased USRE42368E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2010-06-15 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US16/023,127 Expired - Lifetime USRE47905E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2018-06-29 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US16/023,183 Expired - Lifetime USRE47906E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2018-06-29 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
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US09/938,426 Ceased US6625346B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-08-23 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/005,714 Ceased US6687431B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2001-11-07 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/143,651 Ceased US6661948B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2002-05-08 | Reconfigurable optical add and drop modules with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US10/745,364 Ceased US6879750B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2003-12-22 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US11/027,587 Expired - Lifetime USRE39525E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add and drop modules with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
Family Applications After (5)
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US11/027,586 Ceased USRE39397E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US12/815,930 Ceased USRE42678E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2010-06-15 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US12/816,084 Ceased USRE42368E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2010-06-15 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US16/023,127 Expired - Lifetime USRE47905E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2018-06-29 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
US16/023,183 Expired - Lifetime USRE47906E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2018-06-29 | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
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Cited By (1)
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USRE47905E1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2020-03-17 | Capella Photonics, Inc. | Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities |
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Also Published As
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USRE47905E1 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
US20020131698A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
US20020131687A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
US20040136648A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
US6661948B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
USRE39525E1 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
US6879750B2 (en) | 2005-04-12 |
USRE39397E1 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
USRE42678E1 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
US6625346B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
USRE42368E1 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
USRE47906E1 (en) | 2020-03-17 |
US6687431B2 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
US20020131688A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
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