USRE36774E - Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator - Google Patents
Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE36774E USRE36774E US08/842,528 US84252897A USRE36774E US RE36774 E USRE36774 E US RE36774E US 84252897 A US84252897 A US 84252897A US RE36774 E USRE36774 E US RE36774E
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- heat exchange
- compartment
- oxygenating
- housing
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/069—Tubular membrane modules comprising a bundle of tubular membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1623—Disposition or location of membranes relative to fluids
- A61M1/1625—Dialyser of the outside perfusion type, i.e. blood flow outside hollow membrane fibres or tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1629—Constructional aspects thereof with integral heat exchanger
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/025—Bobbin units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
- A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
- A61M2206/16—Rotating swirling helical flow, e.g. by tangential inflows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/22—Cooling or heating elements
- B01D2313/221—Heat exchangers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/03—Heart-lung
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/28—Blood oxygenators
Definitions
- This invention relates to a blood oxygenator having an integral heat exchanging unit, the oxygenator being of the outside perfusion type.
- hollow fibers are used as a means to bring blood into contact with oxygen and provide a means for removal of carbon dioxide from the blood.
- the fibers are typically made of a homogeneous membrane of gas-permeable material such as silicone or of hollow fibers made of a microporous membrane of hydrophobic polymeric material such as polyolefins.
- hollow fiber blood oxygenators There are two types of hollow fiber blood oxygenators: the inside perfusion type in which blood is passed through the bores of the hollow fibers while oxygen is passed on the outside of the hollow fibers, and the outside perfusion type. Blood oxygenators of the outside perfusion type pass oxygen through the bores of the hollow fibers while blood is flowed past the outside of the hollow fibers.
- outside perfusion type blood oxygenators are known in which the hollow fibers are in perpendicular orientation to the direction of blood flow so as to produce more mixing of the blood as the blood flows than inside perfusion constructions. This arrangement can bring about an improvement in oxygenation rate.
- problems arise if the number of fibers used in such a blood oxygenator is large (as is desirable) and/or the flow rate of blood is increased in order to treat large volumes of blood. For example, unacceptable pressure drop of the blood between inlet and outlets and/or channeling of the blood between groups of fibers may occur.
- By channeling it is to be understood that a significant flow of blood takes place through relatively large area voids between fibers so that there is little or no mixing. As the rate of oxygen transfer primarily takes place in a thin boundary layer adjacent the hollow fibers, the effectiveness of desired oxygenation is reduced.
- Pat. Nos. 4,639,353, 4,659,549 and 4,791,054 also disclose outside perfusion type hollow-fiber oxygenators in which blood flowing longitudinally through a generally rectangular or cylindrical device passes through multiple hollow fiber exchange chambers separated by narrow channel baffles. In some embodiments of the latter device, separate heat and Oxygen exchange chambers are provided.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,645 describes a hollow-fiber blood oxygenator to which a helical heat exchanger may be attached. Heat exchange is accomplished by passing blood across the outside of a helical coated metal coil.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,424,910 describes another form of hollow-fiber oxygenator with an attached heater compartment displaced longitudinally on a generally cylindrical device.
- a problem with prior blood oxygenator/heater combination devices which has been recognized in the prior art is the considerable bulk, with consequent large priming volume of the combined devices.
- a flat device is described in WO 89/00864 and co-pending application, PCT/US89/00146 filed Jan. 13, 1989, which locates heated exchange fibers and gas exchange fibers in adjacent compartments separated by a porous wall so as to eliminate collection and distribution manifolds between the devices.
- Such flat devices are difficult to manufacture because of the difficulty of properly packing the gas exchange fibers for optimal efficiency.
- the present invention pertains to a novel compact integrated blood heater/oxygenator in which the blood advantageously flows transversely to the axial direction of hollow heat exchange and oxygenation fibers, the device having a minimal priming volume and which is easily assembled using conventional fiber winding techniques for packing the gas exchange fibers.
- the inventive blood heater oxygenator is a generally cylindrical device which is constructed so that the blood enters a central chamber extending longitudinally along the axis of the device and then moves radially through respective annular hollow heat exchange and oxygenation fiber bundles in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of the device and generally transverse to the axial direction of the fibers toward the outer wall of the device where the temperature adjusted and oxygenated blood is collected and passed out of the device via an exit port.
- FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a blood heat exchanger/oxygenator of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a side plan view with parts cut away of the heat exchanger/oxygenator of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the heat exchanger/oxygenator of the invention taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of a portion of the device as seen from line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the portion of FIG. 2 indicated by the bold numeral 5.
- FIGS. 1-5 The invention is best described by reference to the preferred embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 1-5.
- the preferred heat exchanger/oxygenator device of the invention is generally designated in the figures by the numeral 10.
- the exterior of device 10 comprises a generally cylindrical exterior wall portion 12, proximal cover member 14 and distal cover member 20.
- the distal cover 20 includes a central blood inlet port 26, a heating fluid outlet port 28 and a gas outlet port 30.
- the proximal cap 14 includes a blood outlet port 32, a heater exchange fluid inlet port 36 and a gas inlet port 38.
- Raised circular portions 40 and 42 define heat exchange fluid and gas distribution manifolds, respectively, which provide fluid communication between the respective inlet ports 36 and 38 and respective hollow bundles of heat exchange and gas exchange fibers, respectively, within the device.
- a raised circular portion 44 defines a blood collecting manifold which, as shown in FIG. 1, increases in dimension as it approaches the exit port 32.
- raised circular portions 46 and 48 which define manifolds for collecting and directing heat exchange fluid and oxygenation gas from the fiber bundles to their respective outlet ports.
- the interior of the device includes a series of annular cylindrical chambers 50, 54, 58 and 62 separated by tubular porous wall members 52, 56 and 60.
- the central chamber 50 communicates with blood inlet port 26.
- the next outward annular chamber 54 comprises the heat exchanger portion of the device and is filled with heat exchange tubes 70 of known type which extend generally in an axial direction.
- Annular chamber 58 comprises the oxygenator portion of the device and is filled with tubes 74 of a gas exchange membrane material, also of known type.
- the gas exchange tubes 74 are also preferably oriented generally in an axial direction.
- Between the porous wall 60 and the inner surface of the outer wall 12 of the device is a hollow cylindrical blood collection chamber 62.
- tubular porous walls 52, 56, 60, the heat exchange tubes 70, and gas exchange tubes 74 are all potted together with a conventional potting material 76 which holds the various interior components of the device together as a unit and isolates the open ends of the tubes 70 and 74 from the blood flow path.
- the respective bundles of heat exchange and gas exchange fibers are desirably simultaneously end potted so as to produce a unitary assembly which can be readily sheared to produce open tube ends as best shown in FIG. 5.
- the covers 14 and 16 are aligned so that they sealingly engage the potted assembly between the respective fiber bundles.
- the porous tubular wall members 52, 56 and 60 are provided with continuous non-porous end portions 80 entrained in the potting material such that when the potted assembly is sheared the end portions 80 expose continuous annular rings which provide sealing surface to engage the covers and isolate the respective gas blood and heating fluid distribution and collection manifolds, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.
- the cover assemblies are heat or sonically welded to the end portions 80 and to the ends of outer cylindrical wall 12.
- the tubular porous wall members 52, 56 and 60 provide separation between the chambers while allowing blood to pass therethrough without offering substantial resistance or directional change. Any porous structure which allows the passage of blood without significant damage may be used. However, it is preferred that these wall members be constructed of a biocompatible plastic material containing a plurality of spaced orifices 82.
- the orifices 82 are preferably no greater than 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) and preferably 3/8 inches (0.95 cm) in diameter. Larger diameter orifices will allow the fibers to bulge into the orifices and thereby potentially create void spots in the fiber bundle therebelow. Another disadvantage in fibers bulging into the orifices is that pinching to close a fiber may occur. Smaller diameter orifices may be used, by spacing must be selected so that the total area of the orifices 82 is sufficient to assure that the respective porous tubular wall members do not themselves create significant resistance to blood flow or dead spots where blood may collect and coagulate.
- Suitable gas exchange membrane material for fibers 74 may be made of polypropylene, polyethylene or other biocompatible material which provides gas exchange.
- the fibers are liquid impermeable. Suitable fibers for this purpose are well known and commercially available from a number of manufacturers including Mitsubishi Rayon Sale, Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan and Celanese Chemical Company of New York, N.Y., U.S.A.
- the heat exchange tubes 70 are preferably formed from a polyurethane resin such as B. F. Goodrich Estane 58091.
- the tubes are much larger than the hollow fibers in the oxygenator, typically being about 0.033 inches (840 microns) in outside diameter with a wall thickness of about 0.004 inches (102 microns).
- a typical oxygenator fiber has an outside diameter of about 200-450 microns and a wall thickness of less than 50 microns.
- the formation of heat exchanger tubes from polyurethane rather than the stainless steel, polyethylene, or polypropylene is preferred. While the efficiency of the heat exchange it an important design consideration, it is vital that there must be no leakage.
- the end seals where polyurethane potting compounds are used with stainless steel tubes represent potential leakage areas of the cooling fluid into the blood.
- the hollow heat exchange tubes are packed into chamber 70 such that channeling is minimized. However, performance of the heat exchanger is not greatly affected if some channeling is present.
- a pack density of between about 40% and 60% provides an efficient heat exchanger with an accept&hie pressure drop. It is preferred to pack the polyurethane tubes at about 45%-55% pack density which provides an efficient unit, low pressure drop and low blood priming volume.
- the thin walled polyurethane hollow tubes provide good heat transfer. The efficiency desired is in ensuring that all of the blood is heated or cooled as desired, not in how much heat exchange fluid is required. The temperature differential between the blood and heat exchange fluid should be low to provide better control.
- the overall size of the unit is approximately 5 inches (12.5 cm) in diameter by 7.5 inches (18.75 cm) long.
- the heat exchange tubes are polymeric tubes having an approximate diameter of 0.033 inches (0.83 mm or 830 ⁇ ), and the heat exchange chamber containing approximately 2750 tubes.
- the gas exchange fibers suitably are microporous hollow polypropylene membrane is sufficient quantity to provide a total blood contact surface area of approximately 3.8 square meters.
- the device permits an outlet blood oxygen tension of 150 torr or more, tested on bovine blood with a hemoglobin concentration of 12 gram-percent; with an inlet saturation of 55% a blood flow of 6 liters per minute and an oxygen flow of 6 liters per minute.
- the heat exchanger provides an effectiveness level of 45% as measured by the protocol of the American Association of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI).
- the heat exchange tubes are preferably cut to length and then placed into the chamber 52. Winding the tubes about central core 52 is less preferable as it tends to cause the hollow tubes to bend and may cause cracks or breaks.
- the gas exchange fiber bundle is most suitably prepared by spiral winding fibers 74 around the tubular wall member 56, successive layers being angled relative to each other to produce a crisscross pattern.
- the crossing fiber arrangement is preferred over parallel fiber packing since it forces the blood into effective but gentle transverse, mixing without traumatizing the blood.
- Winding techniques for producing cylindrical bundles of hollow fibers are well known and are described in such references as U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,034, 3,794,468, 4,224,094, 4,336,138, 4,368,124 and 4,430,219, all incorporated herein by reference.
- the preferred angle between the fibers of successive layers is in the range of between about 10° and 30°, more preferably between about 15° and 20°, most preferably 18°.
- the fibers run in a generally axial direction, so that an axial plane bisects the angle between the successive layers of the fibers. For instance, in the most preferred embodiment, one layer will deviate from the axial direction by +9° and the next layer will deviate from the axial direction by -9°.
- the pack density of the gas exchange fibers 74 should be between about 45% and 60%, most preferably about 50% and 55%. When the pack density is too high the resulting resistance to blood flow reduces oxygenation efficiency. Likewise, when the pack density is too low channeling and reduced turbulent flow of the blood also reduces oxygenation efficiency. Within the preferred range oxygenation efficiency is maximized.
- a polyurethane potting compound is preferred for potting the ends of the assembly of fiber bundles and porous wall members 52, 56 and 60.
- Suitable potting compounds are available from Caschem, Inc. of Bayonne, N.J., U.S.A.
- a polyurethane casting system of Caschem, Inc. is described in U.S. Pat. Reissue No. 31,389.
- the covers 14 and 20, cylinder case 12 and the porous tubular wall members 52, 56 and 60 are all preferably made from nontoxic biocompatible plastic resins.
- Suitable resins are polycarbonate resins such as the Lexan brand resins of General Electric Company, Polymer Product Department, Pittsfield, Mass. Lexan 144 grade polycarbonate resins are currently preferred.
- blood entering the device through the central inlet port 26 fills chamber 50 and then passes in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis through porous wall 52, around heat exchange fibers 70, through porous wall 56, around gas exchange fibers 74, through wall 60, into collection chamber 62 and then up into the blood collecting manifold 44 in cover 14, finally exiting the device via blood exit port 32.
- An advantage provided by the compact structure of the device is a reduction in priming volume which results because blood is directly passed from the heat exchange chamber 54 to the oxygenation chamber 58 without passing through intermediate collection and distribution manifolds.
- Yet another advantage of the invention compared to many of the prior art devices described in the Background section, above, is the location of the heat exchange chamber upstream from the gas exchange chamber. Since gas solubility varies significantly with temperature, it is important that the blood is oxygenated at the temperature it will enter the body. If the blood is heated after it is oxygenated, the oxygenation level may exceed the gas saturation point at the higher temperature, resulting in formation of dangerous emboli. If blood is cooled after oxygenation inefficient oxygenation can result.
- the device of the present invention also provides a significantly less complicated device to manufacture.
- the desired angular and Offset orientation of the gas exchange fibers in the prior art rectangular device it was necessary to employ a manufacturing technique which not only laid alternate layers in a crisscross pattern angled with respect to each other approximately 18', but also required offsetting each successive parallel layer to minimize channeling.
- the desired crisscrossing of successive layers can readily be performed by conventional spiral winding techniques and the increasing diameter of the winding naturally results in an offset of successive parallel layers without complex controls.
Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/842,528 USRE36774E (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1997-04-24 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1989/004314 WO1991004758A1 (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1989-10-01 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US07/844,620 US5270004A (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1990-10-01 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US11599693A | 1993-09-02 | 1993-09-02 | |
US26381794A | 1994-06-22 | 1994-06-22 | |
US08/511,287 US5578267A (en) | 1992-05-11 | 1995-08-04 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US08/842,528 USRE36774E (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1997-04-24 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US26381794A Continuation | 1989-10-01 | 1994-06-22 | |
US08/511,287 Reissue US5578267A (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1995-08-04 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE36774E true USRE36774E (en) | 2000-07-11 |
Family
ID=26780011
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/844,620 Expired - Lifetime US5270004A (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1990-10-01 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US08/842,528 Expired - Lifetime USRE36774E (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1997-04-24 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/844,620 Expired - Lifetime US5270004A (en) | 1989-10-01 | 1990-10-01 | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
Country Status (1)
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US (2) | US5270004A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6402967B1 (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 2002-06-11 | Eclipse Environmental Australia Pty Limited | Grease separating device and method |
US6682698B2 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2004-01-27 | Michigan Critical Care Consultants, Inc. | Apparatus for exchanging gases in a liquid |
US20120018367A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-01-26 | Kubota Corporation | Membrane separator |
EP2524712A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-21 | Sorin Group Italia S.r.l. | Blood processing unit with cross blood flow |
US8388566B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2013-03-05 | Sorin Group Italia, S.r.l. | Oxygenator with integrated arterial filter including filter frame |
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