USRE3036E - Jjlristiax khl - Google Patents

Jjlristiax khl Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE3036E
USRE3036E US RE3036 E USRE3036 E US RE3036E
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US
United States
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metal
iron
air
blast
refining
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English (en)
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  • This refined metal is equal to malleable bar-iron'to use in the crucible process for the nmnufaeture of fine east-steel, and can be taken in a molten. state direct into the crucibles for this purpose; or it can be employed in a cold state, to be reconverted into fine cast-steel in crucibles.
  • I use a compound consisting of common salt and manganese, which may be of various proportions, though I prefer about equal parts of each.
  • This compound has the effect of a flux and detergent in removing the sulphur and other impurities contained in the crude metal. It also improves the quality of the iron, as hereinafter shown. It can be employed in the manufacture of the crude metal, or it can be added to the same when afterward remelted. From one to two per cent. of the flux at a time is sufficient. 1t may be that attemptshave been made to use one or the other ofsaid ingredientsin some form in the manufacture of iron, but never, to my knowl. edge, with any practical results anterior to my application for the same in the year 185-1. ⁇ Vhen the refined metal is intended to be molded into castings, the carbon is less redueed than when it is to-be wrought under the hammer. The metal therebyremains fluid a longer time while being" poured into the molds.
  • No. l pig-iron with a large crystallization, and a lively gray cast in the fracture of the metal, is well adapted for refining, and contains sixor seven per cent. of carbon taken up from the fuel employed in smelting the orcs.
  • Other grades of gray pig metal can also be employed; but the proportion of carbon is less than the former kind.
  • the process of converting the metal by uniting the same with an atmospheric air-blast forced in the carbon of the crude iron, and thereby refined into iron or steel.
  • Refined iron with a given portion of carbon, forms steel of different grades, according to the amountof carbonc0ntained-from about two to one per cent, and in some kinds even .less, as the semi-steel; and the refined iron ingots have also asmallerproportion ol'earbon, which gives it the commercial value of iron.
  • the carbon contained in crude pig metal is mixed uncombined, and during the refining process with an air-blast the condition of the carbon becomes changed into a combined state,
  • the metal is taken or run from the furnace-hearth into any properly-constructed apparatus of sul'licicnt capacityaml height to contain the quantity of metal to be relined,
  • the form of the apparatus and the materials of which it is composed, so that it may resist the effect of the high heat to which it isto be is effected by increasci'lvolumc of bright flame.
  • the introduction of the air-blastinto the refining apparatus can be effected in various ways to accomplish the decarbonizing and refining of the metal.
  • One way is to attach'the pipes or apertures on one side to force the air through into the metal. I prefer placing them in a tangential position. The force of the incoming blast will thereby cause the liquid metal to move round or rotate in the same direetion with the blast, in pursuance of the plan patented by me May 17, 1859, and more fully shown in my reissued patent of February 10, 1863. They should be introduced at about half the depth of the metal in a downward direction.
  • To convert a ton of crude metal will require about one thousand cubic feet of air discharged per minute under a proper pressure on the square inch to ell'ect a uniting of the air with the molten iron.
  • the pressure of blast required will be about five pounds; but this will depend somewhat on the mode of introducing the air, and also on the size of the pipes employed and the column of metal above the same.
  • a number of tons-at a charge is reiined in less time in proportion than a single ton; and in all cases, after the operation is finished, the refined metal should be allowed to stand some minutes to become calm before pouring.
  • ⁇ Vhen preparations are made, the process consists in starting an air-blast under a high pressure into the molten metal.
  • the oxygen of the air unites freely with the carbon of the crude iron,forming carbonic gas and increased heat and the discharge of flame.
  • An intense heat throughout the mass will be produced, and a violent ebullition takes place, with an
  • the flame after some m'iimtcs time decreases as the process goes on and the carbon is being reduced.
  • the color of the flame'passcs through various changes, by which, with the reduced flame, will indicate to an experienced. workman the quality of the product and the time to stop oil the blast, so
  • the fusingpoint of pig metal is about 2,400 of Fahrenheit.
  • Manganese requires a much higher heat, and when the oxide of thatmctal is used it has first to be reduced to its metallic state, which requires a higher heat still. It is therefore very difiicult to incorporate iron and manganese by mere ordinary fusion; but by the pneumatic process the heat of the molten iron is raised to 4,000 or 5,000", and sometimes higher, so that it 'bec lies nearly as liquid as water.
  • ganese which is intermingled with the metal becomes thoroughly reduced, and the metal I becomes incorporated with the molten iron throughout, thus producing a metal greatly improved in quality over other irons, and add-' ing much to the value of the refining process above described.
  • The"-,tuyere-pipes employed to force the air through are introduced at one of the tuyere arches, or in front, under the temp-stone E,
  • pipes or apertures to force the air through are made of black-lead, or of pure soapstone, 'or of any material that will resist the heat.
  • the pneumatic p roccss for converting crude iron by the use of an air-blast is a process of expansion of the crude iron in ahighly-heated condition, which cannot be attained by any other mode of manufacture. All the particles of the molten metal become extended in a very high degree of heat and fluidity, thereby any one mode of introducing the-blast, so as to effect therefining and decarbonizing of vthe metal.
  • the oxide of man The refining The mode of melting pig-ironina refinery fire with the useof fuel tomaintain the heat, and continuing the use of the some while preparingthe, metal forthe puddling furnace,

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