USRE29742E - Retroreflective protective helmet - Google Patents
Retroreflective protective helmet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE29742E USRE29742E US05/771,541 US77154177A USRE29742E US RE29742 E USRE29742 E US RE29742E US 77154177 A US77154177 A US 77154177A US RE29742 E USRE29742 E US RE29742E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- protective shell
- retroreflective layer
- retroreflective
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
- A42B3/061—External coatings, e.g. with light reflective material
Definitions
- the present invention is based on the conception that protective helmets such as worn by motorcycles, construction workers, or miners could be a useful tool to provide distinctive retroreflective signals at night or in other darkened environments.
- Others have previously suggested adding retroreflective elements to protective helmets, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,561, but the retroreflective treatments of these prior suggestions were of limited value; they did not use the retroreflective signal to provide a distinctive indication of the presence of a person wearing a helmet; they did not provide a retroreflective signal of maximum conspicuity; and they required cumbersome unattractive attachments to a helmet that were vulnerable to accidental removal.
- a protective helmet of the invention generally comprises a protective shell adapted to be worn on a person's head, and a retroreflective layer that is attached to the shell, is visible from the exterior of the shell, and extends over at least a major portion (that is, at least half) of the surface of the shell.
- the retroreflective layer comprises a layer of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular reflective means underlying their embedded surfaces.
- a transparent layer that forms the outer surface of the helmet is disposed directly over the microspheres to protect them from contact by moisture, whereby the retroreflective layer retroreflects light shined at the helmet under either wet or dry conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protective helmet of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a section through a peripheral portion of the protective helmet shown in FIG. 1 taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is section through a peripheral portion of a component of a protective helmet of the invention.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are sections through peripheral portions of different helmets of the invention.
- the illustrative protective helmet of the invention 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a protective shell 11 adapted to be worn on a person's head (usually harness means attached to the inside of the shell, not shown, engage the person's head); a retroreflective layer 12 covering the outer surface of the rigid shell, the layer 12 comprising a layer 13 of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 14 that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular reflective means underlying their embedded surfaces (not shown in the drawings); and a transparent sheet or layer 15 that has the shape of the protective shell disposed directly over the retroreflective layer.
- the transparent sheet 15 is attached to the protective shell 11 near the periphery of the shell, as by a layer of adhesive, a heat-seal, or mechanical fasteners, and that attachment provides an air-tight sealed pocket between the retroreflective layer and the transparent sheet.
- the transparent sheet 15 is spaced from the exposed surfaces of the microspheres 14. The spacing of the transparent sheet from the microspheres may be quite small, just sufficient to prevent the sheeting and microspheres from making optical contact, which would cause the contacted portion of the microspheres not to refract light to the degree necessary to cause the desired retroreflection.
- the retroreflective layer is carried on a support sheet 16 that has the shape of the protective shell, and the support sheet 18 and a transparent sheet 17 to which the support sheet is attached at the periphery of the two sheets form a unified article 18 that is removable from the shell 19.
- the unified article 18 is like a sleeve that resiliently and tightly slides onto the shell 19, where it is held in place either by its own resiliency or by clamps or other fastening devices.
- the layer 20 of binder material for the retroreflective layer itself constitutes the support sheet of a unified, sleeve-type article.
- a layer of binder material 21 is coated onto a shell 22, a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 23 is partially embedded in the layer of binder material, and a transparent layer 24 is disposed directly over the outer surfaces of the microspheres.
- the transparent layer 24 engages and makes optical contact with the surfaces of the microspheres 23 and for that reason must be of a special index of refraction to permit the microspheres to retroreflect.
- the index of refraction of the transparent layer 24 and glass microspheres 23 should be in a ratio of 1.92 to 1.94, so that, if the index of refraction of the transparent layer 24 is 1.38 (as with certain fluorinated polymers) the index of refraction of the transparent microspheres 23 should be 2.65 to 2.67.
- a preferred shell for use in a protective helmet of the invention is a hard rigid material such as a synthetic polymeric material containing a fibrous reinforcement such as woven glass cloth.
- the polymeric material is typically based on a polyester or epoxy resin.
- FIG. 5 Another protective shell used in the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, is of a thicker construction and comprises a cellular material such as compressed adhered particles of polystyrene foam.
- a retroreflective layer 26 on the shell 27 comprises a layer 28 of binder material directly coated onto the shell, and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 29 that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular means underlying their embedded surfaces.
- the transparent shell 30 generally is sufficiently resilient so that it can be force-fit over the protective shell and held in place as a result of the tight fit.
- the outer transparent shell may contact the microspheres at some points over the whole surface of the helmet, at at least most locations it will be spaced sufficiently from the microspheres to avoid optical contact and to accordingly permit retroreflection by the microspheres.
- the retroreflective layer on a protective helmet of the invention may be conveniently formed by methods taught in Nellessen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,420,597, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the retroreflective layer is typically formed from a coating composition that comprises a liquid vehicle including a film-forming binder material and volatile thinner, and transparent glass microspheres that are dispersed in the liquid vehicle and are covered over their whole surface with specular reflective material such as vapor-deposited aluminum or chemically deposited silver.
- specular reflective material such as vapor-deposited aluminum or chemically deposited silver.
- the liquid vehicle is generally diluted so that the vehicle will readily flow off the outer surface of the microspheres and leave at most a thin coating of binder material on the microspheres.
- an etching solution is applied, and it removes both the thin layer, if any, of binder material on the outer surfaces of the glass microspheres as well as the aluminum or other coating of specular reflective material on the outer surfaces of the microspheres.
- the result is a layer of dried or cured binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres partially embedded in the layer of binder material, with a cap of specular reflective material on the embedded surfaces of the microspheres.
- binder materials may be used in retroreflective layers on protective helmets of the invention, including acrylic and alkyd resins, and elastomeric epoxypolyamine compositions such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,436,359.
- the support sheet is preferably a flexible material such as polyvinyl chloride.
- Support sheets of the desired shape can be formed by vacuum molding or casting procedures, for example.
- Typical materials for the transparent layer disposed over the retroreflective layer are polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and for the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, polycarbonates.
- the transparent layer may be flexible as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, or rigid as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Generally the transparent sheet will be between 0.005 and 0.25 inch thick.
- the transparent glass microspheres used in this invention average about 50 microns in diameter, though their average diameter may range between about 20 to 100 microns in diameter. They are generally included in the coating composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 20 and 90 weight-percent of the total non-volatile material in the coating composition.
- a hard rigid smooth-surfaced protective shell of a synthetic polymeric material reinforced with layers of woven cloth was coated with a composition having the following formulation.
- the coating was allowed to dry at 250° F for 30 minutes, after which an etching solution that comprised 124 grams of potassium dichromate, 240 milliliters of 36N sulfuric acid and 15,000 milliliters of water was applied over the coating. Thereupon the outer surfaces of the microspheres were exposed, so that the microspheres were embedded to slightly over 50 percent of their diameter.
- a transparent sheet was formed by heating a 15 mil-thick-sheet of vinyl chloride until the sheet began to sag, and then drawing the sheet by vacuum over a helmet-shaped mold. This transparent sheet was then placed over the coated helmet, and adhered to the shell by a strip of adhesive applied around the periphery of the shell.
- a structure as shown in FIG. 5 was prepared by coating a shell of compressed polystyrene cellular particles with an acrylic latex, drying the coating to form a smooth base, and then forming a retroreflective layer over the dry coating in the manner described in Example 1.
- a transparent polycarbonate shell was then forced over the polystyrene shell to achieve a friction fit.
Abstract
Protective helmets that give a distinctive retroreflective signal under wet or dry conditions at night or in other darkened environments are provided by disposing a retroreflective layer covered by a transparent layer over at least a major portion of the outer surface of the helmet.
Description
The present invention is based on the conception that protective helmets such as worn by motorcycles, construction workers, or miners could be a useful tool to provide distinctive retroreflective signals at night or in other darkened environments. Others have previously suggested adding retroreflective elements to protective helmets, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,561, but the retroreflective treatments of these prior suggestions were of limited value; they did not use the retroreflective signal to provide a distinctive indication of the presence of a person wearing a helmet; they did not provide a retroreflective signal of maximum conspicuity; and they required cumbersome unattractive attachments to a helmet that were vulnerable to accidental removal.
The present invention provides smooth-surfaced attractive retroreflective protective helmets that provide a distinctive retroreflective signal of excellent brightness and angularity and that function whether wet or dry. Briefly, a protective helmet of the invention generally comprises a protective shell adapted to be worn on a person's head, and a retroreflective layer that is attached to the shell, is visible from the exterior of the shell, and extends over at least a major portion (that is, at least half) of the surface of the shell. The retroreflective layer comprises a layer of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular reflective means underlying their embedded surfaces. A transparent layer that forms the outer surface of the helmet is disposed directly over the microspheres to protect them from contact by moisture, whereby the retroreflective layer retroreflects light shined at the helmet under either wet or dry conditions.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protective helmet of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a section through a peripheral portion of the protective helmet shown in FIG. 1 taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is section through a peripheral portion of a component of a protective helmet of the invention; and
FIGS. 4 and 5 are sections through peripheral portions of different helmets of the invention.
The illustrative protective helmet of the invention 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a protective shell 11 adapted to be worn on a person's head (usually harness means attached to the inside of the shell, not shown, engage the person's head); a retroreflective layer 12 covering the outer surface of the rigid shell, the layer 12 comprising a layer 13 of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 14 that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular reflective means underlying their embedded surfaces (not shown in the drawings); and a transparent sheet or layer 15 that has the shape of the protective shell disposed directly over the retroreflective layer.
The transparent sheet 15 is attached to the protective shell 11 near the periphery of the shell, as by a layer of adhesive, a heat-seal, or mechanical fasteners, and that attachment provides an air-tight sealed pocket between the retroreflective layer and the transparent sheet. However, over at least most of the retroreflective layer, the transparent sheet 15 is spaced from the exposed surfaces of the microspheres 14. The spacing of the transparent sheet from the microspheres may be quite small, just sufficient to prevent the sheeting and microspheres from making optical contact, which would cause the contacted portion of the microspheres not to refract light to the degree necessary to cause the desired retroreflection.
As shown in FIG. 3, in some embodiments of the invention the retroreflective layer is carried on a support sheet 16 that has the shape of the protective shell, and the support sheet 18 and a transparent sheet 17 to which the support sheet is attached at the periphery of the two sheets form a unified article 18 that is removable from the shell 19. The unified article 18 is like a sleeve that resiliently and tightly slides onto the shell 19, where it is held in place either by its own resiliency or by clamps or other fastening devices. In some embodiments, the layer 20 of binder material for the retroreflective layer itself constitutes the support sheet of a unified, sleeve-type article.
In FIG. 4 a layer of binder material 21 is coated onto a shell 22, a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 23 is partially embedded in the layer of binder material, and a transparent layer 24 is disposed directly over the outer surfaces of the microspheres. The transparent layer 24 engages and makes optical contact with the surfaces of the microspheres 23 and for that reason must be of a special index of refraction to permit the microspheres to retroreflect. Generally, the index of refraction of the transparent layer 24 and glass microspheres 23 should be in a ratio of 1.92 to 1.94, so that, if the index of refraction of the transparent layer 24 is 1.38 (as with certain fluorinated polymers) the index of refraction of the transparent microspheres 23 should be 2.65 to 2.67.
A preferred shell for use in a protective helmet of the invention, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, is a hard rigid material such as a synthetic polymeric material containing a fibrous reinforcement such as woven glass cloth. The polymeric material is typically based on a polyester or epoxy resin.
Another protective shell used in the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, is of a thicker construction and comprises a cellular material such as compressed adhered particles of polystyrene foam. A retroreflective layer 26 on the shell 27 comprises a layer 28 of binder material directly coated onto the shell, and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres 29 that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have specular means underlying their embedded surfaces. A transparent layer 30, in the form of a hard rigid removable shell of a material such as polycarbonate, is slidingly received over the shell and protects the glass microspheres from contact with moisture. The transparent shell 30 generally is sufficiently resilient so that it can be force-fit over the protective shell and held in place as a result of the tight fit. Although the outer transparent shell may contact the microspheres at some points over the whole surface of the helmet, at at least most locations it will be spaced sufficiently from the microspheres to avoid optical contact and to accordingly permit retroreflection by the microspheres.
The retroreflective layer on a protective helmet of the invention may be conveniently formed by methods taught in Nellessen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,420,597, which is incorporated herein by reference. The retroreflective layer is typically formed from a coating composition that comprises a liquid vehicle including a film-forming binder material and volatile thinner, and transparent glass microspheres that are dispersed in the liquid vehicle and are covered over their whole surface with specular reflective material such as vapor-deposited aluminum or chemically deposited silver. When the coating composition is coated onto a protective shell, the microspheres tend to settle within the coating until they rest at or near the bottom of the layer of liquid vehicle and engage the surface of the shell. The liquid vehicle is generally diluted so that the vehicle will readily flow off the outer surface of the microspheres and leave at most a thin coating of binder material on the microspheres. After the coating has dried, an etching solution is applied, and it removes both the thin layer, if any, of binder material on the outer surfaces of the glass microspheres as well as the aluminum or other coating of specular reflective material on the outer surfaces of the microspheres. The result is a layer of dried or cured binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres partially embedded in the layer of binder material, with a cap of specular reflective material on the embedded surfaces of the microspheres.
A wide variety of binder materials may be used in retroreflective layers on protective helmets of the invention, including acrylic and alkyd resins, and elastomeric epoxypolyamine compositions such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,436,359. For embodiments such as shown in FIG. 3, the support sheet is preferably a flexible material such as polyvinyl chloride. Support sheets of the desired shape can be formed by vacuum molding or casting procedures, for example. Typical materials for the transparent layer disposed over the retroreflective layer are polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and for the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, polycarbonates. The transparent layer may be flexible as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, or rigid as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Generally the transparent sheet will be between 0.005 and 0.25 inch thick.
Generally the transparent glass microspheres used in this invention average about 50 microns in diameter, though their average diameter may range between about 20 to 100 microns in diameter. They are generally included in the coating composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 20 and 90 weight-percent of the total non-volatile material in the coating composition.
The invention will be illustrated by the following examples.
A hard rigid smooth-surfaced protective shell of a synthetic polymeric material reinforced with layers of woven cloth was coated with a composition having the following formulation.
______________________________________ Parts by Weight ______________________________________ Water-soluble thermosettingacrylic resin 12 including 40 weight-percent of a solvent mixture of butoxyethanol, butyl cellosolve, and water (Synthermul 40-552 made by Reichold) Hexamethoxymethylmelamine liquid catalyst 3 (Cymil 301 made by American Cyanamide) Propyleneglycol thinner 15 Transparent glass microspheres having an 70 average diameter of 50 microns and coated with silver. ______________________________________
The coating was allowed to dry at 250° F for 30 minutes, after which an etching solution that comprised 124 grams of potassium dichromate, 240 milliliters of 36N sulfuric acid and 15,000 milliliters of water was applied over the coating. Thereupon the outer surfaces of the microspheres were exposed, so that the microspheres were embedded to slightly over 50 percent of their diameter.
Thereupon a transparent sheet was formed by heating a 15 mil-thick-sheet of vinyl chloride until the sheet began to sag, and then drawing the sheet by vacuum over a helmet-shaped mold. This transparent sheet was then placed over the coated helmet, and adhered to the shell by a strip of adhesive applied around the periphery of the shell.
A structure as shown in FIG. 5 was prepared by coating a shell of compressed polystyrene cellular particles with an acrylic latex, drying the coating to form a smooth base, and then forming a retroreflective layer over the dry coating in the manner described in Example 1. A transparent polycarbonate shell was then forced over the polystyrene shell to achieve a friction fit.
Claims (2)
1. A protective helmet comprising a protective shell adapted to be worn on a person's head; a retroreflective layer disposed over substantially all of the outer surface of the protective shell, comprising a layer of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have a coating of specular reflective material on their embedded surfaces; and a transparent sheet having the shape of the protective shell disposed directly over the retroreflective layer, said sheet being in tight frictional engagement with said retroreflective layer but without optical contact to the exposed surfaces of the microspheres and being attached to the protective shell at least around the periphery of the retroreflective layer so as to provide an airtight sealed pocket between the retroreflective layer and the transparent sheet, whereby the retroreflective layer retroreflects light shined at the helmet under either wet or dry conditions.
2. A protective helmet of claim 1 in which the retroreflective layer is carried on a support sheet that has the shape of the protective shell and is attached over the exterior of the protective shell. .Iadd. 3. A protective helmet comprising a protective shell adapted to be worn on a person's head; a support sheet that has the shape of the protective shell disposed over the exterior of the protective shell; a retroreflective layer carried on said support sheet and disposed over substantially all of the outer surface of the protective shell and comprising a layer of binder material and a monolayer of transparent glass microspheres that are partially embedded in the layer of binder material and have a coating of specular reflective material on their embedded surfaces; and a transparent sheet having the shape of the protective shell disposed directly over the retroreflective layer, said sheet being in tight frictional engagement with said retroreflective layer but without optical contact to the exposed surfaces of the microspheres and being attached to the support sheet at least around the periphery of the retroreflective layer so as to provide an airtight sealed pocket between the retroreflective layer and the transparent sheet, whereby the retroreflective layer retroreflects light shined at the helmet under either wet or dry conditions. .Iaddend.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US412920A US3885246A (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1973-11-05 | Retroreflective protective helmet |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US412920A Reissue US3885246A (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1973-11-05 | Retroreflective protective helmet |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE29742E true USRE29742E (en) | 1978-08-29 |
Family
ID=23635011
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US412920A Expired - Lifetime US3885246A (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1973-11-05 | Retroreflective protective helmet |
US05/771,541 Expired - Lifetime USRE29742E (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1977-02-24 | Retroreflective protective helmet |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US412920A Expired - Lifetime US3885246A (en) | 1973-11-05 | 1973-11-05 | Retroreflective protective helmet |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3885246A (en) |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4993082A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1991-02-19 | Giro Sport Design, Inc. | Method for making helmet with indelibly ornamented cover |
US5588156A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-31 | Diamond Safety Gear, Inc. | Article of clothing having high visibility |
US5732414A (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-03-31 | Creative Football Concepts, Inc. | Helmet having a readily removable and replaceable protective layer |
US5754332A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-05-19 | Xerox Corporation | Monolayer gyricon display |
US5777782A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-07 | Xerox Corporation | Auxiliary optics for a twisting ball display |
US5808783A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | High reflectance gyricon display |
US5815306A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-09-29 | Xerox Corporation | "Eggcrate" substrate for a twisting ball display |
US5825529A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-10-20 | Xerox Corporation | Gyricon display with no elastomer substrate |
US5894367A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1999-04-13 | Xerox Corporation | Twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5900192A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-04 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating very small two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
US5904790A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-18 | Xerox Corporation | Method of manufacturing a twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5914805A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1999-06-22 | Xerox Corporation | Gyricon display with interstitially packed particles |
US5922268A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-07-13 | Xerox Corporation | Method of manufacturing a twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5976428A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling formation of two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
US6263514B1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-07-24 | Ming-Nong Chern | Safety cap |
US6348908B1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2002-02-19 | Xerox Corporation | Ambient energy powered display |
US6396205B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-05-28 | Xerox Corporation | Nonspecular visual display and method |
US6440252B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-08-27 | Xerox Corporation | Method for rotatable element assembly |
US6498674B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2002-12-24 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with generalized containment structure |
US6504525B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2003-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with microstructured substrate and method of use |
US6524500B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-02-25 | Xerox Corporation | Method for making microencapsulated gyricon beads |
US6545671B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2003-04-08 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with reversible highlighting |
US6690350B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2004-02-10 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with dual vector field addressing |
US6699570B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2004-03-02 | Xerox Corporation | Colored cyber toner using multicolored gyricon spheres |
US6847347B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2005-01-25 | Xerox Corporation | Electromagnetophoretic display system and method |
US6897848B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2005-05-24 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material and stylus with gradient field addressing |
US6970154B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2005-11-29 | Jpmorgan Chase Bank | Fringe-field filter for addressable displays |
US20100124632A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-20 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
US20110088146A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2011-04-21 | Stig Andersson | Reflecting material |
US20130048420A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-02-28 | Steven C. Nichols, Jr. | Methods, systems and apparatus directed to safety harnesses, and tool bags and holders, for construction workers and the like |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4134155A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1979-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Swimmer protective helmet |
US4100625A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-07-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Helmets and other articles reflectorized with retroreflective platelet particles |
US5047454A (en) * | 1987-02-03 | 1991-09-10 | Basf Corporation | Waterborne pigmented acrylic hydrosol coating composition |
US4972611A (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-11-27 | Ryka, Inc. | Shoe construction with resilient, absorption and visual components based on spherical pocket inclusions |
US5110655A (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1992-05-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Removable, high temperature resistant retroreflective marking material |
US5069577A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1991-12-03 | Murphy Patrick E | Flexible raised pavement marker |
ZA943265B (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-01-12 | Alfred Etherington | An article of headgear |
US5793034A (en) * | 1995-09-18 | 1998-08-11 | Daedalus Enterprises, Inc. | Target detection system utilizing multiple optical criteria |
US5794271A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-08-18 | Hastings; Dale | Helmet shell structure |
US6305028B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-10-23 | Chang-San Lin | Light reflective protective headwear |
US6237155B1 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2001-05-29 | Howard Seegar | Hat with front and rear light reflective strips |
US9980530B2 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2018-05-29 | Adam S. Hassan | Optimized visual field helmets |
US9351531B1 (en) | 2013-10-14 | 2016-05-31 | Ed Bennett | Reflective head covering assembly |
CN105096770B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2018-05-04 | 苏俊龙 | Color reflective article and its material structure body and its manufacture method |
US10112366B2 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2018-10-30 | Triforce Luggage, Llc | Aluminum thermoplastic composite material |
CN104489992B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-02-22 | 东莞星锐安新材料有限公司 | Helmet with reflecting and protecting functions |
EP3422886B1 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2020-02-19 | Poc Sweden AB | A comfort padding and a helmet comprising the comfort padding |
US20180055124A1 (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Chieh-Yu Chen | Hat |
DE102017010706A1 (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-23 | Ursula Simone Spitzer | Helmet and method for its manufacture |
DE102017130373A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Schuberth Gmbh | helmet |
DE102018103657A1 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Schuberth Gmbh | helmet |
DE102018004314A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Schuberth Gmbh | helmet |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2948191A (en) * | 1956-06-06 | 1960-08-09 | Cataphote Corp | Retroreflecting surface |
US3190178A (en) * | 1961-06-29 | 1965-06-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reflex-reflecting sheeting |
US3242500A (en) * | 1964-08-24 | 1966-03-29 | John W Derr | Protective head covering |
US3245087A (en) * | 1964-04-15 | 1966-04-12 | Joseph Buegeleisen Co | Safety helmet cover in combination with a helmet |
US3310900A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1967-03-28 | Avery Products Corp | Retroreflective sign |
US3420597A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1969-01-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Retroreflective structure and method of making same |
US3573954A (en) * | 1967-07-05 | 1971-04-06 | Nihon Koken Co Ltd | Reflex-reflectors and method for the manufacture thereof |
US3770483A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1973-11-06 | Komine Auto Center K K | Noctilucent reflective helmet |
US3795435A (en) * | 1969-05-09 | 1974-03-05 | Swarovski & Co | Reflex light reflection sheet and method for its manufacture |
-
1973
- 1973-11-05 US US412920A patent/US3885246A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-02-24 US US05/771,541 patent/USRE29742E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2948191A (en) * | 1956-06-06 | 1960-08-09 | Cataphote Corp | Retroreflecting surface |
US3190178A (en) * | 1961-06-29 | 1965-06-22 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reflex-reflecting sheeting |
US3310900A (en) * | 1963-10-04 | 1967-03-28 | Avery Products Corp | Retroreflective sign |
US3420597A (en) * | 1964-04-13 | 1969-01-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Retroreflective structure and method of making same |
US3245087A (en) * | 1964-04-15 | 1966-04-12 | Joseph Buegeleisen Co | Safety helmet cover in combination with a helmet |
US3242500A (en) * | 1964-08-24 | 1966-03-29 | John W Derr | Protective head covering |
US3573954A (en) * | 1967-07-05 | 1971-04-06 | Nihon Koken Co Ltd | Reflex-reflectors and method for the manufacture thereof |
US3770483A (en) * | 1968-02-28 | 1973-11-06 | Komine Auto Center K K | Noctilucent reflective helmet |
US3795435A (en) * | 1969-05-09 | 1974-03-05 | Swarovski & Co | Reflex light reflection sheet and method for its manufacture |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4993082A (en) * | 1990-01-05 | 1991-02-19 | Giro Sport Design, Inc. | Method for making helmet with indelibly ornamented cover |
US5588156A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-31 | Diamond Safety Gear, Inc. | Article of clothing having high visibility |
US5914805A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1999-06-22 | Xerox Corporation | Gyricon display with interstitially packed particles |
US5754332A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-05-19 | Xerox Corporation | Monolayer gyricon display |
US5808783A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | High reflectance gyricon display |
US5825529A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-10-20 | Xerox Corporation | Gyricon display with no elastomer substrate |
US5894367A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1999-04-13 | Xerox Corporation | Twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5777782A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-07 | Xerox Corporation | Auxiliary optics for a twisting ball display |
US5815306A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-09-29 | Xerox Corporation | "Eggcrate" substrate for a twisting ball display |
US5732414A (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1998-03-31 | Creative Football Concepts, Inc. | Helmet having a readily removable and replaceable protective layer |
US5904790A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-05-18 | Xerox Corporation | Method of manufacturing a twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5922268A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-07-13 | Xerox Corporation | Method of manufacturing a twisting cylinder display using multiple chromatic values |
US5976428A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-11-02 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling formation of two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
US5900192A (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-05-04 | Xerox Corporation | Method and apparatus for fabricating very small two-color balls for a twisting ball display |
US20110088146A1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2011-04-21 | Stig Andersson | Reflecting material |
US6348908B1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2002-02-19 | Xerox Corporation | Ambient energy powered display |
US6396205B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-05-28 | Xerox Corporation | Nonspecular visual display and method |
US6440252B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-08-27 | Xerox Corporation | Method for rotatable element assembly |
US6846377B2 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2005-01-25 | Xerox Corporation | System and method for rotatable element assembly and laminate substrate assembly |
US6545671B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2003-04-08 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with reversible highlighting |
US6263514B1 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-07-24 | Ming-Nong Chern | Safety cap |
US6498674B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2002-12-24 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with generalized containment structure |
US6504525B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2003-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with microstructured substrate and method of use |
US6894677B2 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2005-05-17 | Xerox Corporation | Electromagnetophoretic display system and method |
US6847347B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2005-01-25 | Xerox Corporation | Electromagnetophoretic display system and method |
US6524500B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-02-25 | Xerox Corporation | Method for making microencapsulated gyricon beads |
US6690350B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2004-02-10 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material with dual vector field addressing |
US6897848B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2005-05-24 | Xerox Corporation | Rotating element sheet material and stylus with gradient field addressing |
US6970154B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2005-11-29 | Jpmorgan Chase Bank | Fringe-field filter for addressable displays |
US6699570B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2004-03-02 | Xerox Corporation | Colored cyber toner using multicolored gyricon spheres |
US20100124632A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-20 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
WO2010059600A1 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-27 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
EP2390688A1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2011-11-30 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
US9427935B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2016-08-30 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
US9821531B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 | 2017-11-21 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Thermoformable three dimensional retroreflective article and method of manufacture |
US20130048420A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-02-28 | Steven C. Nichols, Jr. | Methods, systems and apparatus directed to safety harnesses, and tool bags and holders, for construction workers and the like |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3885246A (en) | 1975-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
USRE29742E (en) | Retroreflective protective helmet | |
US3116490A (en) | Safety helmet having a semi-flexible liner | |
US3975083A (en) | Wide angle retroreflector assembly and method of making same | |
US5207852A (en) | Method for making permeable retroreflective sheeting | |
US5128804A (en) | Permeable retroreflective sheeting | |
ES396182A1 (en) | Microspheres having an antireflection coating and their use | |
KR860001565A (en) | Exterior material used for fire resistant fabric | |
KR900018699A (en) | Microsphere-based retroreflector with improved retroreflective brightness | |
ES2041800T3 (en) | RETRO-REFLECTOR COATING AND COMPOSITION TO FORM IT. | |
CN204256204U (en) | Luminous reflecting band | |
FI901022A0 (en) | REFLEKTERANDE ARKMATERIAL FOER MAERKNING AV VAEGBELAEGGNING VID ALLA VAEDER. | |
DE3375326D1 (en) | Vapor-permeable retroreflective sheeting | |
GB2254826A (en) | A retroreflective sheet material | |
GB1303103A (en) | ||
US5117506A (en) | Protective helmet | |
GB1463574A (en) | Retro-reflective element and method for making same | |
US3155764A (en) | Flexible weatherproof reflex light reflector sheet and sign made thereof | |
JPS641527A (en) | Preparation of reflection protectable product | |
KR101927074B1 (en) | Reflective fabric producted by all fabrics finishing technical method | |
CN210166524U (en) | Antistatic flame-retardant reflective film | |
JPH08201608A (en) | Internal total reflection type retroreflection sheet | |
CN207216064U (en) | A kind of reflective membrane | |
US1767285A (en) | Reflecting material | |
US1402382A (en) | Hand-carried fluorescent indicator or signal | |
CN214188804U (en) | High bright reflection of light cloth with elasticity |