USRE17207E - Waterproof plastic - Google Patents
Waterproof plastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE17207E USRE17207E US17207DE USRE17207E US RE17207 E USRE17207 E US RE17207E US 17207D E US17207D E US 17207DE US RE17207 E USRE17207 E US RE17207E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- bentonite
- concrete
- cement
- plastic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCl BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000001721 combination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011429 hydraulic mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011431 lime mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011412 natural cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/104—Bentonite, e.g. montmorillonite
Definitions
- MISSOURI ASSIGNOR
- BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS TO SILICA PRODUCTS (10., OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
- This invention relates to waterproof plastics and more particularly to waterproof,
- plastic hydraulic cements and mortars, and concrctes made from these; and it comprises a method of waterproofing concrete. stucco, mortar, plaster of Paris, ctc., wherein, the materials employed for making such a plastic are admixed, at the time of gaging the inert fillers, or prior thereto, with an insoluble dry mineral matter of the nature of a gelatinizable reversible colloid7, such as d y bentonite'; and it further comprises as a new and waterproof material, a set calcareous plastic material containing disseminated particles of a relatively dry mineral material having the properties of a gelatinizable reversible colloid, such as bentonite; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.
- concrete may be regarded as a rigid skeleton of coarse aggregate (gravel, broken rock or the like) containing a finer aggregate (sand, etc. and cement) in its voids as a binder.
- coarse aggregate gravel, broken rock or the like
- finer aggregate sand, etc. and cement
- the degree of perviousness can be and is much reduced by proper selection and 'proportioning of materials and by correct methods of mixing and applying the concrete and with the correct proportion of water and with proper plasticity of the mixture; but there an irreducible minimum of perviousncss with the best of work.
- this pervious character is unimportant, as in cases where the concrete is not used in wet or moist situations. But sometimes. the peryious character is a serious objection. as in concrete exposed to water under hydrostatic head, in stucco coatings. etc.
- Bentonite on prolonged contact with large excess of water takes up large amounts thereof with a great increase in volume.
- Some varieties of minerals called bentonitc on drying lose this swellingpower but with others of the typical hentonite character the swollen mineral can be dried with contractioiLto its original volume and withoutforfeiting its power of swelling again when moistened, although some lose the swelling property in part only.
- Bentonite of this typical character is best adapted for my purpose.
- a clay bentonite is not really a clay in the ordinary sense. Unlike clays, a moderate degree of roasting does not impair materially its property of taking up water to form a plastic mass.
- the position containing unswollen bentonite caamount of bentonite added is that which is pableof swelling on access of moisture. necessary for retaining the plastic properties 4.
- a waterproof Portland cement concrete tions may be used. of at least normal strength characterized by Dry bentonite may be admixed with plaster the admixture of approximately five per cent of Paris prior to making molded objects with of bentonite with the cement before it has set. the same results and the same advantages. 10.
- Set calcareous cement containing ben- It may be used in lime mortars and other caltonite in such condition as to swell upon access careous plastics but I regard its most adranof n'ioistu're thereto, thereby rendering said tageous use as in connection with concrete cement imper ious to water. I and stucco.
- a ccmentitious composition consisting proofed in the present manner may be advanof an intimate dry mitxure of ground cement tageously used as a facing for ordinary conclinker and a gelatinizable mineral matter. crete in walls intended to resist dampness or 12.
- Bentonite may be mixed with cement and 11- ⁇ .
- a dryinortar capable of setting only water alone and used in relations where neat by the addition of water consisting of an inticement is employed.
- a mixture of bentonitc, mate inixtiu'e of Portland cement in which cement and sand is useful in making water is incorporated a quai'itity of beutonite and tight joints, as in roofing work or water tight an inert filler.
- ⁇ Vhat I claim is 1 1.
- a potentially reactive dry plastic mix consisting of Portland cement, bentonitc, a d an inert filler.
Description
Reissued Feb. 5, 1929.
UNITED STATES ORLANDO A. COLLINGS, OF KANSAS CITY,
PATENT OFFICE.
MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO SILICA PRODUCTS (10., OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
WATERPROOF PLASTIC.
No Drawing. Original No. 1,650,864, dated November 29. 1927, Serial No. 549,211,'fi.cd April 3, 1922. Application for reissue filed October 20, 1928. Serial No. 313,938.
This invention relates to waterproof plastics and more particularly to waterproof,
plastic, hydraulic cements and mortars, and concrctes made from these; and it comprises a method of waterproofing concrete. stucco, mortar, plaster of Paris, ctc., wherein, the materials employed for making such a plastic are admixed, at the time of gaging the inert fillers, or prior thereto, with an insoluble dry mineral matter of the nature of a gelatinizable reversible colloid7, such as d y bentonite'; and it further comprises as a new and waterproof material, a set calcareous plastic material containing disseminated particles of a relatively dry mineral material having the properties of a gelatinizable reversible colloid, such as bentonite; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.
For the present purposes, concrete may be regarded as a rigid skeleton of coarse aggregate (gravel, broken rock or the like) containing a finer aggregate (sand, etc. and cement) in its voids as a binder. As water and cement after settling do not have quite their original joint volume and as a limit is placed to the contraction of the concrete as a whole by the rigidity of the coarser aggregate, it follows that such a concrete must be, of necessity, more or less'minutely pervious. The degree of perviousness can be and is much reduced by proper selection and 'proportioning of materials and by correct methods of mixing and applying the concrete and with the correct proportion of water and with proper plasticity of the mixture; but there an irreducible minimum of perviousncss with the best of work. Sometimes this pervious character is unimportant, as in cases where the concrete is not used in wet or moist situations. But sometimes. the peryious character is a serious objection. as in concrete exposed to water under hydrostatic head, in stucco coatings. etc.
it isthe purpose of the present invention to obviate this penctral'iility lay water. To this end, I use in concrete 0t normal composition, in addition to the usual materials, a small proportion of a dry mineral matter having the properties of a reversible swelling or gelatinizable colloid to produce aplastic mass with water, capable of swellin with water and of being dried without forfeiting its swellir g power on again wetting. Many materials of this character are known, such as partially dehydrated silica and alumina gels and certain natural and artificial sili cates. But I regard some varieties of a mineral known as bcntonit-e as the most available for the present purposes. Bentonite on prolonged contact with large excess of water takes up large amounts thereof with a great increase in volume. Some varieties of minerals called bentonitc on drying lose this swellingpower but with others of the typical hentonite character the swollen mineral can be dried with contractioiLto its original volume and withoutforfeiting its power of swelling again when moistened, although some lose the swelling property in part only. Bentonite of this typical character is best adapted for my purpose. Although sometimes regarded as being, generically, a clay, bentonite is not really a clay in the ordinary sense. Unlike clays, a moderate degree of roasting does not impair materially its property of taking up water to form a plastic mass. Like the clays, however, the presence of free lime tends to hinder, though it does notovercome, its assuming a dispersoid state or condition; and, for this reason and because its hydration requires time. it can be admixed with the wet concrete batch without much moistening or complete swelling. The water of the wet mix goes preferentially to the cement constituents during the timc'occupied in setting and the hentonite particl s are intimately mixed with the water physically but withoutcomplete chemical combi nation, so that the bentonite subsequently remains in a condition in which it is able to take up water. After the concrete is set these minerals are hydrated and the bulk of the free lime has disappeared so that free swelling of the bentonite by water is no longer inhibited.
I find it rather better to give the hentonite a slightroast preliminary to using it for the present purposes. heating it to a. temperature at which it, is dried and perhaps somewhat dehydrated but not to any temperature at which it will lose the property of free swelling with water here important. The bentonite is advantageously used in a rather coarse condition although for some purposes, it may be used in a somewhat finer condition. It may be admixed with cement in the clinker grinding mills or added to the mix just prior to making the concrete. As is well known, clinker is the product referred to in the burn- 'lnixed with the water physically but withing of argillaceous and calcareous materials 2. The process of preparing a. calcareous in rotary or vertical kilns in the production plastic capable of becoming impervious to of natural and Portland cements. The purwater on accessiof moisture which comprises pose of mixing the bentonite with the clinker mixing dry bentonite with water and a ceis to obtain a more complete and intimate mentof the Portland cement type, the amount mixing. It is to be observed that the benof water used being merely that which will tonite may also be added to the ground cebe taken up by the cement.
ment at any stagev between the clinker mills 3. A set calcareous cement of normal comand the mortar. or concrete mixer. The position containing unswollen bentonite caamount of bentonite added is that which is pableof swelling on access of moisture. necessary for retaining the plastic properties 4. Concretecomposed of a. set concrete of and gii'ingwaterproof qualities, and will vary the Portland cement type and of normal comwithin widelimits, depending upon the exposition, said concrete containing unswollen tent of the plasticand waterproof properties bentonite capable of swelling on access of desired and the qualitiescof bentonite used. moisture.
In the concrete, it does not swellto any mate- 5. As a concrete, a set cement containing rial extent during mixing and setting, for in addition to the aggregate an unswollen reasons stated ante, nor is it much affected material of the nature of a gelatinizablereby the cement; it remains in the wet material versiblc colloid. i
in its orginal unhydrated state during" the (3. A set cement containing unswollen bensetting, the particles are. however, intimately tonite. i
7. k plastic composition which will set to out permanently taking on the water chelniform a waterproof concfete comprising Portcally. On subsequent exposure of the said land cement and approximately tive per cent concrete to water, the moisture entering of bentonite.
through any pore encounters the bentonite 8. The process of making awatcrproof and swells it. effectually plugging the pore. concrete which comprises the addition to a Concrete made with 2 to 5 per cent bentonite Portland cement mixture Of approximately is capable of withstanding considerable hyfive per cent of bentonite.
drostatic heads of water. Higher propor- 9. A waterproof Portland cement concrete tions may be used. of at least normal strength characterized by Dry bentonite may be admixed with plaster the admixture of approximately five per cent of Paris prior to making molded objects with of bentonite with the cement before it has set. the same results and the same advantages. 10. Set calcareous cement containing ben- It may be used in lime mortars and other caltonite in such condition as to swell upon access careous plastics but I regard its most adranof n'ioistu're thereto, thereby rendering said tageous use as in connection with concrete cement imper ious to water. I and stucco. A layer of concrete, water- 11. A ccmentitious composition consisting proofed in the present manner, may be advanof an intimate dry mitxure of ground cement tageously used as a facing for ordinary conclinker and a gelatinizable mineral matter. crete in walls intended to resist dampness or 12. A con'iposition, consisting of hydraulic water; building walls, reservoir walls, recement and hentonite adapted to form a plastaining walls, roofing tiles and facing, etc. tic upon the addition of water.
Bentonite may be mixed with cement and 11-}. A dryinortar capable of setting only water alone and used in relations where neat by the addition of water consisting of an inticement is employed. A mixture of bentonitc, mate inixtiu'e of Portland cement in which cement and sand is useful in making water is incorporated a quai'itity of beutonite and tight joints, as in roofing work or water tight an inert filler.
facings.
Unlike other waterproofing additions to concrete bentonite does not lessen the strength but increases it.
\Vhat I claim is 1 1. A potentially reactive dry plastic mix consisting of Portland cement, bentonitc, a d an inert filler.
15. potentially rcacliw dry plastic mix consisting of Portland cement, licntonite and 1. The process of preparing a calcareous an aggregate. i plastic capable ot becoming impervious to In testimony whereof. l have. hereunto water on access of moisture which comprises altixcd my signatm'e.
oimnino A. ooLmNos.
incorporating dry bentonite into such a plas tic. 1
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
USRE17207E true USRE17207E (en) | 1929-02-05 |
Family
ID=2079489
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17207D Expired USRE17207E (en) | Waterproof plastic |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | USRE17207E (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2860061A (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1958-11-11 | Smidth & Co As F L | Composition and process for manufacturing cement |
US2876123A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1959-03-03 | James J Shanley | Concrete additives, concrete mixtures and processes for producing such mixtures |
US3098754A (en) * | 1959-01-23 | 1963-07-23 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method for preparing cellular cement |
US3486917A (en) * | 1965-12-16 | 1969-12-30 | Continental Capital Control Ce | Insulating cement compositions |
US5611400A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1997-03-18 | James; Melvyn C. | Drill hole plugging capsule |
US5657822A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1997-08-19 | James; Melvyn C. | Drill hole plugging method utilizing layered sodium bentonite and liquid retaining particles |
US5722800A (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-03-03 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Seal and its production method for the creation of load bearings, removable earth masses for the construction of underground structures such as cavity structures |
-
0
- US US17207D patent/USRE17207E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2860061A (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1958-11-11 | Smidth & Co As F L | Composition and process for manufacturing cement |
US2876123A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1959-03-03 | James J Shanley | Concrete additives, concrete mixtures and processes for producing such mixtures |
US3098754A (en) * | 1959-01-23 | 1963-07-23 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method for preparing cellular cement |
US3486917A (en) * | 1965-12-16 | 1969-12-30 | Continental Capital Control Ce | Insulating cement compositions |
US5722800A (en) * | 1985-01-15 | 1998-03-03 | Keller Grundbau Gmbh | Seal and its production method for the creation of load bearings, removable earth masses for the construction of underground structures such as cavity structures |
US5611400A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1997-03-18 | James; Melvyn C. | Drill hole plugging capsule |
US5657822A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1997-08-19 | James; Melvyn C. | Drill hole plugging method utilizing layered sodium bentonite and liquid retaining particles |
US5810085A (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1998-09-22 | James; Melvyn C. | Drill hole plugging method utilizing sodium bentonite nodules |
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