US9468732B2 - Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula - Google Patents
Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula Download PDFInfo
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- US9468732B2 US9468732B2 US13/956,290 US201313956290A US9468732B2 US 9468732 B2 US9468732 B2 US 9468732B2 US 201313956290 A US201313956290 A US 201313956290A US 9468732 B2 US9468732 B2 US 9468732B2
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- cannula
- oxygen
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 122
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0666—Nasal cannulas or tubing
- A61M16/0672—Nasal cannula assemblies for oxygen therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
- A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
- A61M16/0875—Connecting tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/02—Gases
- A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
- A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
- A61M2206/14—Static flow deviators in tubes disturbing laminar flow in tubes, e.g. archimedes screws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the medical oxygen is typically delivered to the patient via a supply tube called a nasal cannula, which is connected to a pressurized oxygen source.
- a gas regulator is typically employed to reduce the source pressure and meter the flow rate of the oxygen to the patient.
- the oxygen is frequently delivered to a wall port and supplied by a large bank of oxygen storage tanks. In such situations, the patient is often provided with a continuous flow of oxygen.
- oxygen delivery through a typical continuous flow nasal oxygen cannula is effective at oxygenating patients, it is wasteful. In particular, oxygen continues to be delivered during exhalation, which prevents the oxygen from reaching the patient's alveoli. In addition, oxygen delivered during late inhalation does not participate in alveolar gas exchange and therefore does not substantially oxygenate the patient.
- the wasteful periods of oxygen delivery can be described with reference to the volume/time breathing cycle.
- the typical patient spends about 2 ⁇ 3 of the ventilatory cycle in exhalation. Oxygen delivered during that time will not flow toward the alveoli and therefore will be wasted.
- One technique to maximize oxygen delivery to the alveoli is to deliver oxygen through a transtracheal catheter through a surgical incision in the patient's neck. While this allows the oxygen to be delivered more directly to the alveoli, this technique is a surgical procedure that can be uncomfortable to the patient and introduces the risk of complications, including infections. Moreover, the transtracheal catheter requires a program of care.
- Another technique employs pulse devices to deliver oxygen either periodically or on demand.
- the typical demand conserver senses the beginning of an inhalation and delivers a short pulse of oxygen in response. While the goal of the on-demand conservers is to optimize oxygen delivery, they vary in effectiveness.
- the conservers can be electronically or pneumatically controlled and often share a housing with the gas regulator.
- Yet another technique employs a reservoir cannula.
- These devices typically use a membrane to form a sealed reservoir to store oxygen during exhalation for delivery during the next inhalation. Examples of typical reservoir cannula systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,767 to Tiep et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,572,177 to Tiep et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 7,328,703 to Tiep, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Although these devices have been utilized for high flow delivery, the benefit of a storage chamber is defeated by the high flow (i.e. greater than 8 L/min) as the membrane is typically pushed to the open position and cannot cycle.
- a reservoir cannula in accordance with embodiments of the invention can include a static fluidic control structure, in that it does not employ a membrane or other moving parts. Furthermore, the reservoir can open to ambient air instead of being sealed.
- the reservoir cannula can enable the storage of oxygen and oxygen-rich gas in a storage chamber as well as in and around the patient's nasal passages and nasopharynx, which can enable high volume oxygen delivery to the patient early in the next inhalation. Consequently, patients using certain embodiments of the invention can carry a smaller and lighter portable oxygen container for ambulatory oxygen, because lower flow oxygen may be required to meet their oxygenation needs. In addition, patients requiring a higher flow of oxygen may achieve oxygenation levels previously achieved only by high flow mask or high flow nasal oxygen systems.
- a gas reservoir cannula for controlling the delivery of oxygen to a patient can include an outer shell having an outer surface exposed to ambient air and inner surface defining a reservoir chamber and a static structure disposed within the reservoir chamber.
- the outer shell can have a supply aperture and an exhaust aperture extending through the outer shell to the reservoir chamber.
- the static structure can include a fluidic controller having a supply port, a nasal port, and a collection port.
- a supply tube can extend through the supply aperture in the outer shell and fitted to the supply port.
- a nasal prong can be fitted to the nasal port and extend through the exhaust aperture.
- the exhaust aperture can have an open surface area dimension and the nasal prong can have an outer area dimension.
- the outer area dimension of the nasal prong can be less than that open surface area dimension of the exhaust aperture to permit gas to escape from the reservoir cannula. The escaped gas from the reservoir chamber can then be stored around the nasal prong.
- the nasal prong and the nasal port can include a cooperating alignment feature.
- the outer shell can have a generally triangular cross section.
- the fluidic controller can control delivery of gas from the reservoir chamber and the supply port in response to a human breathing cycle.
- the collection port can be in communication with the reservoir chamber.
- a collection tube having a proximal end can be fitted to the collection port and a distal end within the reservoir chamber. The collection port can thus enable oxygen to flow into and out of the reservoir chamber in response to a human breath cycle.
- a gas reservoir cannula for controlling the delivery of oxygen to a patient can include an outer shell having an outer surface exposed to ambient air and inner surface defining a reservoir chamber and a fluidic controller disposed within the reservoir chamber.
- the outer shell can have a supply aperture and an exhaust aperture extending through the outer shell to the reservoir chamber.
- the exhaust aperture can be characterized by an open surface area dimension. More specifically, The outer shell can have a generally triangular cross section.
- the fluidic controller can have a supply port and a nasal port.
- a supply tube can extend through the supply aperture in the outer shell and fitted to the supply port.
- a nasal prong characterized by an outer area dimension can be fitted to the nasal port and extend through the exhaust aperture.
- the outer area dimension of the nasal prong can be less than the open surface area dimension of the exhaust aperture to permit gas to escape from the reservoir cannula. That can allow the escaped gas to be stored around the nasal prong.
- the fluidic controller can be a static structure.
- the nasal prong and the nasal port can include a cooperating alignment feature.
- the fluidic controller can control delivery of gas from the reservoir chamber and the supply port in response to a human breathing cycle.
- the fluidic controller can further include a collection port in communication with the reservoir chamber, where a collection tube can have a proximal end fitted to the collection port and a distal end within the reservoir chamber. The collection port can thus enable oxygen to flow into and out of the reservoir chamber in response to a human breath cycle.
- a gas reservoir cannula for controlling the delivery of oxygen to a patient can include an outer shell having an outer surface exposed to ambient air and inner surface defining a reservoir chamber and a static structure disposed within the reservoir chamber.
- the outer shell can have a pair of supply apertures and a pair of exhaust apertures extending through the outer shell to the reservoir chamber.
- the exhaust apertures can each have an open surface area dimension. More specifically, the outer shell can have a generally triangular cross section.
- the static structure can include a fluidic controller having a pair of supply ports, a pair of nasal ports, and a pair of collection ports. More specifically, the fluidic controller can control delivery of gas from the reservoir chamber and the supply ports in response to a human breathing cycle.
- a pair of supply tubes can extend through respective supply apertures in the outer shell and fitted to respective supply ports.
- a pair of nasal prongs each having an outer area dimension, can be fitted to respective nasal ports and extend through respective exhaust apertures.
- the outer area dimension of the nasal prongs can be less than that open surface area dimensions of the respective exhaust aperture to permit gas to escape from the reservoir cannula. That can allow the escaped gas to be stored around the nasal prongs.
- Embodiments of the invention also include methods of fabricating and using a gas reservoir cannula.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a reservoir cannula in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the reservoir cannula of FIG. 1 with a portion of the outer shell cut away to show internal parts.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the fluidic control module of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a planar view of a particular working component of the fluidic controller of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during a dwell period in a breathing cycle.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during an inhalation breath.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during an exhalation breath.
- FIG. 9 is a planar view of another embodiment of a working component for a fluidic controller.
- Particular embodiments of the invention include a reservoir cannula that has a static fluidic control structure that it does not employ a membrane or other moving parts (i.e. dynamic structures). Furthermore, the reservoir is open to ambient air instead of being sealed.
- the inventive reservoir cannula enables storage of oxygen and oxygen-rich gas in a storage chamber as well as in and around the patient's nasal passages and nasopharynx, which enables high volume oxygen delivery to the patient early in the next inhalation.
- One benefit of a fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula according to particular embodiments of the invention is to improve upon the efficiency of oxygen delivery by a factor of about six relative to other oxygen delivery devices, such as standard nasal cannula, high flow oxygen delivery devices, and simple face masks. While continuous flow oxygen would ordinarily be wasted during exhalation, patients using the described delivery mode can carry a smaller and lighter portable oxygen container for ambulatory oxygen, because lower flow oxygen is required to meet their oxygenation needs. In addition, patients requiring a higher flow of oxygen can achieve oxygenation levels previously achieved only by high flow mask or high flow nasal oxygen systems (both of which are large and cumbersome).
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a reservoir cannula in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- the reservoir cannula includes an outer shell 20 having apertures to an interior reservoir chamber.
- the apertures include supply apertures 29 L, 29 R through which respective supply tubing 70 L, 70 R ( FIG. 2 ) from an oxygen supply source (possibly regulated by an oxygen regulator or pulse conserver) (not shown) extends. Also, the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R extend from the reservoir chamber through respective nasal exhaust apertures 23 L, 23 R of the outer shell 20 .
- the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R suitable to provide low resistance for unencumbered exhaust to enrich the ambient air under the nostrils.
- the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R are circular and have a diameter of 0.280 in (open area dimension of about 0.062 in 2 ) and the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R are circular and have an outer diameter of 0.315 in (outer area dimension of about 0.078 in 2 ).
- the additional 0.016 in 2 of the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R at the base of nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R provides suitable pressure relief and delivery of oxygen stored in the reservoir chamber.
- the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R, the reservoir within the outer shell 20 is open to the ambient environment, as opposed to prior art sealed reservoirs, allowing some gas to escape through the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R.
- the outer shell 20 can be fabricated using any suitable technique, including injection molding and extruding. Because the reservoir cannula is intended to be worn for extended periods of time, the outer shell 20 should be soft, flexible, compliant, and comfortable to wear. To those ends, the outer shell can be fabricated from medical grade Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or other suitable materials. In a particular embodiment, the outer shell 20 comprises a plurality of distinct overlapping sections, which are adhered together to form an integral structure. As shown, the outer shell 20 includes a center or core segment 22 , a pair of lateral segments 24 L, 24 R, and end caps 26 L, 26 R that can be shaped into a single piece. However, the outer shell 20 can be formed from a single piece or more segments than shown. The outer shell 20 can be translucent, transparent, opaque, or a combination. The outer shell 20 can also be colored if desired.
- PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
- the outer shell segments have a cross section when sectioned in the transverse plane along lines A-A that is generally shaped as an equilateral triangular with radiused apexes.
- One face of the outer shell fits against the patient's face under the nose.
- the core segment 22 is curved to fit over the upper lip of a patient so that the outer shell 20 generally follows the contour of a human face.
- the resulting reservoir has a larger volume (about 20 ml) than commercially-available under-nose reservoir cannulas, while appearing physically smaller on the face.
- reservoir cannula More details of the reservoir cannula, including specific dimensions and components are provided in the incorporated U.S. Provisional Application. It should be understood that other dimensions can be employed that may provide suitable performance.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the reservoir cannula of FIG. 1 with a portion of the outer shell cut away to show internal parts.
- a fluidic controller (or distributor) module assembly 10 (described below in more detail) is disposed within the outer shell 20 , which defines a reservoir chamber 25 .
- the fluidic controller 10 includes laterally extending collection ports 15 L, 15 R and supply ports 17 L, 17 R.
- Collection tubes 35 L, 35 R are shown coupled to respective collection ports 15 L, 15 R at their proximal ends and open to the reservoir chamber 25 at their distal ends.
- the collection tubes are flexible to facilitate flexing of the reservoir cannula when fitted on a patient.
- the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R are fabricated from medical grade PVC.
- respective supply tubing 70 L, 70 R from the oxygen supply source extends through supply apertures 29 L, 29 R and connects with the supply ports 17 L, 17 R.
- the supply tubing 70 L, 70 R can be shaped to fit over the patent's ears and help hold the device in position.
- the device can be secured under a patient's nose by the lateral supply tubing 70 L, 70 R exiting the outer shell 20 through respective supply apertures 29 L, 29 R and extending to the back of the head over the ears and drawn together with a bolla or Y-type tube connector.
- the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R extend from the fluidic controller 10 and through respective nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R of the outer shell 20 .
- the nasal tubes 33 L, 33 R are formed from medical grade PVC.
- the fluidic controller assembly 10 is a plastic structure. While the outer shell 20 is generally soft for comfortable wear, the fluidic controller assembly 10 should be rigid to maintain the geometric configuration for effective fluidic operation.
- the working component 11 and the plate component 12 of the fluidic controller assembly are fabricated from TOYOLAC® ABS resin, which is a thermoplastic material comprising acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene and commercially available from Toray Industries, Inc (Toray Resin Company, Troy, Mich.). Other suitable materials can be used to fabricate the fluidic controller assembly 10 by any suitable method, including injection molding, machining, and 3-D printing.
- the fluidic controller assembly 10 includes a curved bridge structure 14 to help support the reservoir cannula above the wearer's lip.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the fluidic control module of FIG. 2 . Shown are the working component 11 , rear plate component 12 , and nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R.
- the working component 11 houses a fluidic cavity 100 in gaseous communication with a plurality of ports.
- the ports include the nasal ports 13 L, 13 R, collection ports 15 L, 15 R, and the supply ports 17 L, 17 R.
- the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R attach to the respective nasal ports 13 L, 13 R via cooperating alignment features, such as port notch 13 T L, 13 T R and prong tabs, 33 T L, 33 T R,. Also shown is an assembly slot 19 .
- the plate component 12 includes the curved bridge structure 14 and an assembly projection 18 , which fits within the assembly slot 19 of FIG. 3 .
- nasal tubes 33 L, 33 R can be fluted or have another geometry to compliment its use in the nose.
- FIG. 4 is a planar view of a particular working component of the fluidic controller of FIG. 3 .
- the fluidic cavity 100 includes an input cavity 102 and an exchange cavity 108 , which are interconnected by delivery jet channels 105 L, 105 R.
- the input cavity 102 is coupled to the supply ports 17 L, 17 R and the delivery jet channels 105 L, 105 R.
- the delivery jet channels 105 L, 105 R have counter-bores 103 L, 103 R at the interface with the input cavity 102 to reduce turbulence and facilitate a smooth flow of gas into the delivery jets 105 L, 105 R.
- the exchange cavity 108 is coupled to the nasal ports 13 L, 13 R (see FIG. 3 ), the lateral channel ports 15 L, 15 R, and the delivery jet channels 105 L, 105 R.
- the combination of features yields enhanced oxygen delivery to the patient in response to an inhalation and enhanced oxygen storage in response to an exhalation or accumulation when the patient is between breaths.
- a particular embodiment of the invention does not require control adjustments due to the driving pressure and geometry.
- the device can operate efficiently with gas pressures up to at least 60 mmHg.
- fluidic cavity 100 is designed and fabricated to operate in response to the patient's breathing. That functioning will now be described.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 .
- This view sections the working component 11 of the fluidic controller showing the internal cavities of FIG. 4 . Shown more clearly are the connection of the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R to the working component 11 , the fitting of the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R to the collection ports 15 L, 15 R, and the fitting of the supply tubes 70 L, 70 R to the supply ports 17 L, 17 R.
- the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R communicate with a patient's nostrils
- the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R communicate with the reservoir chamber 25
- the supply tubes 70 L, 70 R communicate with a source of compressed medical oxygen.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during a dwell period in a breathing cycle. During a dwell period, a person is neither inhaling nor exhaling.
- compressed gas pressurized oxygen
- pressurized oxygen enters the fluidic module 10 ( FIG. 1 ) through supply ports 17 L, 17 R and into the lower input chamber 102 .
- the pressurized oxygen is forced through jet channels 105 L, 105 R, creating a rapid moving jet of oxygen into the upper exchange chambers 108 .
- the input cavity 102 is pressurized to the pressure supplied by the regulator (e.g. 20 or 50 psi). Oxygen then flows through the delivery jets 105 L, 105 R at an increased velocity as determined by the minimum orifice cross-sectional area of the jets 105 L, 105 R, which in a particular embodiment is about 0.002 in 2 .
- a backpressure exists in the nares. That backpressure extends to the exchange chamber 108 and causes the oxygen to flow laterally into the reservoir chamber 25 through the lateral channel ports 15 L, 15 R to promote storage. Oxygen will thus be stored in the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R, the reservoir chamber 25 , and, ultimately, outside the outer shell 20 in the area of the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R. Further details will now be described.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during an inhalation breath.
- the particular geometry of the fluidic controller biases oxygen flow toward the patient.
- the oxygen jet flows unencumbered through the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R and into the patient's nares.
- the rapid flow of oxygen through the exchange chamber 108 creates a negative pressure.
- oxygen from the input cavity 102 flows through the delivery jets 105 L, 105 R and through the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R.
- a Venturi effect is created that also draws gas stored in the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R and the reservoir chamber 25 into the exchange cavity 108 .
- any oxygen-rich gas accumulated under the nose will also be drawn directly into the patient's nasal cavity. It should be understood, that the accumulated oxygen-rich gas outside of the outer shell is also near the mouth so that mouth breathing can also benefit. As a result, the patient receives the stored oxygen in addition to the flow of oxygen from the oxygen supply.
- the inhalation breath draws gas from the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R, the reservoir chamber 25 , and around the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R.
- the medical oxygen from the supply source is supplemented by the stored oxygen and oxygen-rich gas—all of which occur early in the inhalation period to increase oxygen delivery to the alveoli.
- that stored exhaled gas may include warm and moist exhaled gas, which moderates the oxygen flow to provide the patient with an oxygen-rich gas mixture that is gentler on the patient's nasal passages than the more typical fresh oxygen flow.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the reservoir cannula taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 showing gas flow during an exhalation breath.
- the patient exhales through the nose a back pressure is created, the patient forces gas through the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R, which increases the pressure in the exchange cavity 108 .
- the exhaled gas is from the patient's upper respiratory tract and is oxygen rich. That oxygen-rich gas can flows into the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R under low flow conditions.
- the oxygen flow from the jets 105 L, 105 R overcomes the flow of exhaled gas and the reservoir chamber 25 fills with the supplied oxygen.
- the exhaled gas which is mostly oxygen, can mix in the reservoir chamber 25 with the fresh oxygen. Such mixing humidifies and helps warm the stored gas, which is particularly noticeable at lower flow rates (e.g., below about 4 L/min).
- the gas then flows out of the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R and into the far ends of the reservoir chamber 25 bounded by the outer shell 20 .
- the collection tubes 35 L, 35 R extend well into the reservoir chamber 25 to encourage gas flow to backfill the reservoir chamber 25 .
- some of the oxygen-rich gas can escape from the reservoir chamber 25 through the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R, which act as a pressure relief. That vented oxygen-rich gas collects under the patient's nose around the nasal prongs 33 L, 33 R. As should be understood, the next inhalation breath will draw that oxygen-rich gas back into the patient through both the nasal tubes 33 L, 33 R and from the area under the nose (i.e. oxygen-rich gas that has escaped through the nasal apertures 23 L, 23 R). In addition, storage also occurs in the nasal passages and nasopharynx when oxygen is delivering at high flows, in particular beyond about 8 L/min.
- the geometry of the fluidic module in particular the jets and gas flow interactions, promotes efficient storage and retrieval of oxygen.
- FIG. 9 is a planar view of another embodiment of a working component of a fluidic controller of FIG. 3 .
- a fluidic cavity includes an input cavity 102 ′ and an exchange cavity 108 ′, which are interconnected by delivery jets 105 L′, 105 R′.
- the input cavity 102 ′ is coupled to cannula ports 17 L′, 17 R′ and the delivery jets 105 L′, 105 R′.
- the delivery jet channels 105 ′L, 105 ′R have counter-bores 103 ′L, 103 ′R at the interface with the input cavity 102 ′ to reduce turbulence and facilitate a smooth flow of gas into the delivery jets 105 ′L, 105 ′R.
- the exchange cavity includes a pair of interconnected port chambers 108 ′L, 108 ′R interconnected by a passageway 107 ′, each port chamber 108 ′L, 108 ′R is coupled to a respective nasal port 13 ′L, 13 ′R, lateral channel port 15 ′L, 15 ′R, and delivery jet 105 ′L, 105 ′R.
- the nasal ports 13 ′L, 13 ′R can be integrally formed with and extend from the working component 11 ′ for receiving pliable nasal prong tubing (not shown).
- a fluidic controller employing this geometry can operate and perform similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , but can be more difficult to assemble within the outer shell due to the extending nasal ports 13 ′L, 13 ′R.
- the fluidic controller assembly can be modified from the above-described embodiments.
- an embodiment can have more or fewer ports than shown.
- the fluidic controller assembly can have a single supply port to receive oxygen from the oxygen source.
- the working component of the fluidic controller can be integrated to the inner surface of the outer shell core segment.
- the outer shell can form the back plate to seal the fluidic chambers and the bridge structure and can be formed on the core segment.
- the fluidic controller can be formed on the outer surface of the outer shell.
Abstract
Description
-
- More efficient and effective oxygen delivery.
- Oxygen storage in the reservoir occurs under both low flow delivery and high flow delivery.
- Works with pursed lips breathing because it does not require the patient to exhale through the nasal passages and into module in order to reset a membrane. This aspect is particularly advantageous under low flow conditions.
- Embodiment is smaller and less obtrusive, because there is no membrane.
- It is more comfortable and allows patients to eat with the device in place.
- Embodiment is more reliable because the device has no membrane or moving parts.
- Works ideally with both low flow portable oxygen therapy and high flow for patients with high flow requirements.
- The device has been found to achieve adequate oxygenation at 10 L/min that is equivalent to nasal body temperature and humidity oxygen up to about 40 L/min of 80% concentration.
Claims (24)
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US13/956,290 US9468732B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
US15/266,512 US10610658B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2016-09-15 | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US201261678091P | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | |
US13/956,290 US9468732B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-31 | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US15/266,512 Continuation US10610658B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2016-09-15 | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US20140130805A1 US20140130805A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
US9468732B2 true US9468732B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 |
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US15/266,512 Active 2035-12-12 US10610658B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2016-09-15 | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US20170000966A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2017-01-05 | Inovo, Inc. | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
Families Citing this family (9)
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US9522247B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-12-20 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method of treating a patient having pulmonary hypertension by long term NO therapy |
US9492626B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-11-15 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Breathing assistance assemblies suitable for long term no therapy |
US9517318B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-12-13 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method of delivering medical gases via a nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage communicating with a deformable reservoir |
US9522248B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-12-20 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Breathing assistance apparatus for delivery of nitric oxide to a patient by means of a nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage |
US9566407B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-02-14 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage communicating with a deformable reservoir |
US9486600B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-11-08 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Nasal cannula assembly with inhalation valves communicating with a deformable reservoir |
CN112043932A (en) | 2013-10-16 | 2020-12-08 | 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 | Patient interface |
CN113144364A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2021-07-23 | 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 | Patient interface |
GB2572418B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-11-04 | Mediplus Ltd | Nasal cannula |
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US4422456A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1983-12-27 | City Of Hope National Medical Center | Nasal cannula structure |
US7328703B1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2008-02-12 | Tiep Brian L | Oxygen delivery cannula system that improves the effectiveness of alveolar oxygenation |
US20090320851A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2009-12-31 | Karthikeyan Selvarajan | Nasal prongs for mask system |
US8001968B2 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2011-08-23 | Doty Robert H | Apparatus for delivering and/or scavenging gas in the nose/mouth area of a patient |
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US9468732B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-10-18 | Inovo, Inc. | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US4422456A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1983-12-27 | City Of Hope National Medical Center | Nasal cannula structure |
US7328703B1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2008-02-12 | Tiep Brian L | Oxygen delivery cannula system that improves the effectiveness of alveolar oxygenation |
US20090320851A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2009-12-31 | Karthikeyan Selvarajan | Nasal prongs for mask system |
US8001968B2 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2011-08-23 | Doty Robert H | Apparatus for delivering and/or scavenging gas in the nose/mouth area of a patient |
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US20170000966A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2017-01-05 | Inovo, Inc. | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
US10610658B2 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2020-04-07 | Innovo, Inc. | Fluidic-controlled reservoir cannula |
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US20170000966A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
US20140130805A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
US10610658B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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