US9269034B2 - Orthogonal encoding for tags - Google Patents
Orthogonal encoding for tags Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9269034B2 US9269034B2 US13/816,574 US201213816574A US9269034B2 US 9269034 B2 US9269034 B2 US 9269034B2 US 201213816574 A US201213816574 A US 201213816574A US 9269034 B2 US9269034 B2 US 9269034B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- symbology
- pixels
- data
- types
- interacting data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002866 fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000019557 luminance Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulminate Chemical compound [O-][N+]#[C-] USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005084 Strontium aluminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium aluminate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Sr+2].[Sr+2] FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
- G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
- G06K1/121—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by printing code marks
- G06K1/123—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by printing code marks for colour code marks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
- G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/14—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
- G06K7/1404—Methods for optical code recognition
Definitions
- Symbologies such as matrix codes and the like, are becoming increasingly common for use in tagging and tracking solutions.
- Reading devices such as barcode scanners and smartphone apps that use a camera to view and decode the symbology are common and easy to obtain.
- Most reading devices are capable of viewing and decoding a wide variety of symbologies, such as, for example, one-dimensional barcodes and many two-dimensional matrix code technologies.
- the symbologies are currently limited in the amount of data they are capable of encoding (e.g., a v.40 QR code with error correction level L can encode 4,296 alphanumeric characters).
- a symbology for encoding data may have a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of patterns on a substrate, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has one or more optical properties that each provides one or more types of non-interacting data.
- a method of encoding a symbology may include arranging a plurality of pixels on a substrate in a plurality of patterns to form a machine-readable code, wherein each of the plurality of pixels has one or more optical properties that each provide one or more types of non-interacting data.
- a method of decoding a symbology, made up of a plurality of pixels is disclosed. This may include reading a shape of the plurality of pixels by an optical reading apparatus to obtain a first type of non-interacting data, reading a size of the plurality of pixels by the optical reading apparatus to obtain a second type of non-interacting data, reading a one or more optical properties of each of the plurality of pixels by the optical reading apparatus to obtain a third type of non-interacting data, combining the first type of non-interacting data, the second type of non-interacting data and the third type of non-interacting data by a processing device, and decoding the combination by the processing device.
- a method of decoding a symbology, made up of a plurality of pixels is disclosed. This may include reading a shape and a size of the plurality of pixels by an optical reading apparatus to obtain a first type of non-interacting data, reading a one or more optical properties of each of the plurality of pixels by the optical reading apparatus to obtain a second type of non-interacting data, combining the first type of non-interacting data and the second type of non-interacting data by a processing device, and decoding the combination by the processing device.
- an article of manufacture comprising a symbology for encoding data
- the symbology may have a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of patterns on a substrate, and wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises one or more optical properties that each provides one or more types of non-interacting data.
- FIG. 1 depicts a front face of an optical reading apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 depicts a rear face of the optical reading apparatus of FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 3A-3C depict examples of symbologies according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 4 depicts an example of decay properties of a plurality of pixels according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 depicts an example of decay properties of a plurality of pixels according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 6 depicts several examples of gradient properties exhibited by pixels according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 7 depicts other examples of gradient properties exhibited by pixels according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 8 depicts other examples of gradient properties exhibited by pixels according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 9 depicts a pixel exhibiting multiple properties according to various embodiments.
- FIG. 10 depicts a reference table for encoding 22 different types of data according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 11 depicts a diagram and a table for identifying 10 of the 22 different types of data from FIG. 10 to be encoded in a pixel according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 12 depicts a diagram and a table for identifying 4 of the 22 different types of data from FIG. 10 to be encoded in a pixel according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 13 depicts a diagram and a table for identifying 4 of the 22 different types of data from FIG. 10 to be encoded in a pixel according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 14 depicts a diagram and a table for identifying 4 of the 22 different types of data from FIG. 10 to be encoded in a pixel according to an embodiment.
- optical reading apparatus refers to a device that can generally be used to read and decode a symbology as disclosed herein.
- the optical reading apparatus may have an imaging device such as a camera, as well as an illumination device such as a flash.
- the optical reading apparatus may further have a computing device, which may be a processor, a memory, and/or the like.
- the computing device may be integrated as a component of the optical reading apparatus or may be in operable communication with the optical reading apparatus via communications ports.
- the optical reading apparatus may further have a display capable of displaying information decoded from the symbology.
- the display may be integrated as a component of the optical reading apparatus or may be in operable communication with the optical reading apparatus via communications ports.
- optical reading apparatuses may include, but are not limited to, personal computers, gaming systems, televisions, and portable electronic devices such as a smartphones, personal digital assistants, cameras, tablet computers, laptop computers, GPS navigation devices, media players, handheld scanners, fixed scanners, and the like.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 One such example of an optical reading apparatus is depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- a “symbology” is a pattern, a symbol, an image or the like, as well as portions and combinations thereof, that is displayed on or in a substrate and provides an optical, machine-readable encoded representation of data.
- the symbology may be made up of a plurality of pixels arranged in any manner to create varying shapes, patterns, layers and the like without limitation.
- Symbologies may include, without limitation, one-dimensional barcodes, two-dimensional (2D) barcodes, or three-dimensional barcodes. Examples of two-dimensional barcodes include data matrix codes, quick response codes, Aztec codes, Maxi codes and the like.
- Symbologies may also include letters, numbers, punctuation and other symbols.
- the symbologies may be displayed on a display and may be of any geometric shape or size.
- the terms “barcode” or “matrix code” may be used in the examples, but the term is intended to include any type of symbology.
- a “luminescent symbology” refers to a symbology that exhibits or has the potential to exhibit luminescent properties. The luminescent properties may be exhibited on a portion of the symbology, may be exhibited on the entire symbology, may be layered over other elements of the symbology or may be exhibited in a location proximate to the symbology.
- a “pixel” is a single element of a symbology that is capable of being read by the optical reading apparatus.
- the symbology is a one-dimensional barcode
- each horizontal line of the barcode may be referred to as a pixel.
- portions of each horizontal line may be referred to as a pixel, wherein each portion of the line is different from other portions, as described in greater detail herein.
- each individual square unit within the QR code may be referred to as a pixel.
- Non-interacting data is a type of data that is generally orthogonal to another type of data.
- each type of data may be obtained through the use of different detection modalities that may each be non-interacting or otherwise independent of each other so that they do not interfere with each other or the ability to read each type of data independently of the other types of data.
- Each type of data may be encoded into various dimensions of each pixel, as described in greater detail in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 depicts a first surface 105 of an optical reading apparatus, generally designated 100 , according to an embodiment.
- the first surface 105 may have a display 110 .
- the display 110 may generally be any device that is capable of displaying a digital image, video, text and/or the like. Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, electroluminescent displays, electronic paper displays, vacuum fluorescent displays, light emitting diode (LED) displays, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, liquid crystal (LCD) displays, plasma display panels, digital light processing (DLP) displays, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays.
- the optical reading apparatus 100 and/or the display 110 may further include a user interface such as a keypad, one or more switches or buttons, and/or a touch sensitive screen including, but not limited to, a resistive touchscreen, a capacitive touchscreen, or an infrared touchscreen.
- a user interface such as a keypad, one or more switches or buttons, and/or a touch sensitive screen including, but not limited to, a resistive touchscreen, a capacitive touchscreen, or an infrared touchscreen.
- FIG. 2 depicts a second surface 115 of the optical reading apparatus 100 .
- the second surface 115 may have an imaging device 120 and an illumination device 125 .
- the imaging device 120 may be any suitable component capable of receiving an optical image and transmitting the image information to other components of the optical reading apparatus 100 for processing.
- the imaging device 120 may further have a plurality of filters that may block certain wavelengths of light from entering the imaging device.
- the imaging device 120 may further have an ability to adjust its focal length and aperture in such a manner that would allow it to zoom and properly focus upon an intended object to be imaged. Such ability may be through mechanical components (such as an optical zoom) or programming (such as a digital zoom). This adjustment may define an “optimal focal distance,” or a range of distances in which the optical reading apparatus 100 may be properly positioned from the intended object to be imaged to achieve a clear image.
- imaging device 120 is depicted on the second surface 115 of the optical reading apparatus 100 in FIG. 2 , persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the imaging device 120 may be positioned at any location upon any face of the optical reading apparatus 100 , or may even be external to the optical reading apparatus 100 and connected by any means of electronic communication, including, but not limited to, physical cable communication such as universal serial bus (USB), wireless radio communication, wireless light communication, or near field communication technology.
- physical cable communication such as universal serial bus (USB), wireless radio communication, wireless light communication, or near field communication technology.
- the illumination device 125 may be used in any light conditions to complete any of the tasks described herein. Additionally, the illumination device 125 may be independently activated to turn on or off at specific points in time, such as when additional lighting is necessary to capture an ideal image or when illumination is necessary to change the properties of the symbology. Other features of the illumination device 125 may include dimming/brightening, strobe, constant on, illumination at certain wavelengths, illumination at a range of wavelengths and/or the like.
- the illumination device 125 may contain any suitable light source capable of providing illumination including, but not limited to, magnesium-based flashes, xenon-based flashes, fulminate-containing flashes, light-emitting diode (LED) flashes, and the like. While the present figure depicts the illumination device 125 as being integrated with the optical reading apparatus 100 , it may be appreciated that the illumination device 125 may be a separate component in operable communication with the optical reading apparatus 100 , such as USB based flashes, hot shoe based flashes, remote slave flash units or other similar devices.
- any suitable light source capable of providing illumination including, but not limited to, magnesium-based flashes, xenon-based flashes, fulminate-containing flashes, light-emitting diode (LED) flashes, and the like. While the present figure depicts the illumination device 125 as being integrated with the optical reading apparatus 100 , it may be appreciated that the illumination device 125 may be a separate component in operable communication with the optical reading apparatus
- FIGS. 3A , 3 B and 3 C each depict a symbology, generally designated 300 , in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- the symbology 300 may be, for example, a luminescent symbology, and may include a plurality of shaded pixels 305 , a plurality of voided pixels 310 , and a plurality of positioning elements 320 . While the symbology 300 depicted in FIG. 3A is square, those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of shapes and sizes may be used for the symbology 300 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, a rectangular shaped symbology as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C may be used.
- the symbology 300 may incorporate additional elements, such as, for example, text, images and/or the like.
- the text, images and/or the like may be present as individual pixels or may be a neutral portion of the symbology.
- the symbology itself may be incorporated within the additional elements (i.e., part of a picture, text and/or the like).
- each shaded pixel 310 ′′ and each voided pixel 315 ′′ may, for example, be read in a horizontal direction to obtain first data and in a vertical direction to obtain second data.
- pixels may be voided and/or shaded for encoding additional data with the use of phosphors, luminescent inks, fluorescent inks and/or the like.
- the symbology 300 ′′ in FIG. 3C may actually appear more like the symbology 300 ′ in FIG. 3B when marked with a non-luminescent marking material, and then may evolve into the symbology 300 ′′ of FIG. 3C when the luminescent ink applied on top of or beneath the non-luminescent marking material is activated to produce additional levels of encoded data, as provided in greater detail herein.
- the symbology 300 may be deposited on a surface of a substrate with one or more marking materials.
- marking materials may include, but are not limited to toner, graphite-based marking materials, alcohol-based marking materials, wax-based marking materials, inks such as carbon-based inks, soy-based inks, metallic inks and the like.
- the marking materials may further contain any number of solvents, dyes, pigments, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, doping agents, activators, fluorescent materials, phosphors and the like, as well as combinations thereof.
- Deposition of the marking materials onto the substrate may be achieved by any method now known or later developed. Examples of deposition methods include printing, laser etching, selective bleaching, physical interaction, stamping, and/or the like. Furthermore, in instances where a plurality of marking materials may be used, a marking material may be positioned alongside another marking material or may be layered over at least a portion of another marking material.
- the substrate may be any substrate including, but not limited to, paper products, metals, polymers, consumer goods, apparel, computer components, storage devices, sanitation components or automobiles.
- the substrate may further be integrated with materials having distinct degradation or quenching properties, such as, but not limited to, oxidation properties, reduction properties, electron bombardment properties, reaction properties with water molecules or thermal effects properties.
- one such marking material for use in depositing the symbology on a substrate may be a phosphorescent ink containing a phosphor that is derived from zinc sulfide, strontium aluminate, or combinations thereof.
- only a portion of the marking materials used for depositing the symbology may be phosphorescent ink.
- another portion of the marking materials used for depositing the symbology may be one or more non-phosphorescent inks.
- the symbology 300 may be deposited on a surface of a substrate with a zinc sulfide-derived phosphorescent ink.
- the phosphorescent ink may be capable of emitting a plurality of frequencies of light, wherein each frequency is correlated with a particular crystal structure.
- the crystal structure may be altered via photonic means, thermal means or an electron beam.
- the phosphorescent ink may further have a plurality of additives. Examples of such additives may include, but are not limited to doping agents, activators, fluorescent materials, and/or the like.
- the additives may provide the phosphorescent ink with a capability to produce light having various color properties, decay properties, photobleaching properties, degradation properties, luminance properties, intensity properties, fluorescence resonance energy transfer properties, gradient properties and/or the like.
- the phosphorescent ink may further be combined with a fluorescent material that is excited at the same wavelength as a wavelength that is emitted by the phosphor.
- the resulting combination may contain fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) properties.
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the frequencies and intensities of ambient light may not change the response of the combination.
- a symbology incorporating a phosphorescent ink with a fluorescent material may be read and decoded an infinite number of times, with or without a flash, and the encoded data contained therein will not change.
- the same symbology may contain filters to provide an emission of only specific wavelengths of either excitation or emission in only certain portions or elements of the symbology.
- the phosphorescent ink may further be excitable, thus causing the phosphorescent ink to exhibit luminescent properties. Excitation of the phosphorescent ink may be achieved by exposure of the ink to an illuminant, such as, for example, the illumination device 125 ( FIG. 2 ). Repeated excitation of the phosphorescent ink may cause a decay in the luminescent properties of the phosphorescent ink over a period of time or a number of excitations. In embodiments where the symbology 300 comprises a plurality of different phosphorescent inks, each of the plurality of phosphorescent inks may have a different rate of decay.
- repeated excitation of the plurality of phosphorescent inks may cause a portion of the phosphorescent inks to decay faster than others. This may allow for an even greater amount of data to be encoded, such as additional types of data, as described in more detail herein.
- the phosphorescent ink may exhibit a luminance upon excitation by exposure to the illuminant. Repeated excitation of the phosphorescent ink may cause a decay in the exhibited luminance over a period of time or a number of excitations.
- each of the plurality of phosphorescent inks may exhibit a different rate of decay.
- repeated excitation of the plurality of phosphorescent inks may cause a portion of the phosphorescent inks to decay faster than others, illuminate at differing wavelengths and/or photobleach. This may allow for an even greater amount of data to be encoded, such as additional types of data, as described in more detail herein.
- another marking material may be a fluorescent ink, such as inks that contain organic substances that may fluoresce upon exposure to ultraviolet light.
- a fluorescent ink may be an ink containing a fluorophore or other fluorescent chemical compound that can re-emit light upon excitation.
- the fluorescent ink may further contain a photobleaching property, thus allowing for photochemical destruction of the fluorophore after an excitation, such as exposure to the illumination device, as described in more detail herein.
- the symbology 300 may generally be encoded by encoding methods now known or later developed. More specifically, data in the symbology 300 may be encoded via the relative positions of the shaded pixels 305 and the voided pixels 310 . Furthermore, the symbology 300 may incorporate one or more encoding schemes now known or later developed to use error detection and correction techniques. Use of the error detection and correction techniques may improve reading reliability and may further enable reading of partially damaged symbologies.
- Each shaded pixel 305 and each voided pixel 310 may, independently of other pixels, have one or more optical properties, such as, for example, a color property, a shape property, a dimensional property, a relational property, a luminance property, a decay property, an intensity property, a photobleaching property, a degradation property, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer property, a gradient property and/or the like, as discussed in greater detail herein.
- optical properties such as, for example, a color property, a shape property, a dimensional property, a relational property, a luminance property, a decay property, an intensity property, a photobleaching property, a degradation property, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer property, a gradient property and/or the like, as discussed in greater detail herein.
- Each shaded pixel 305 and each voided pixel 310 may be any shape and/or size, may be deposited with any type of marking material and may have one or more layers, which may optionally be irrespective of other shaded and/or voided pixels in the symbology.
- the shape of each pixel is not limited by this disclosure, and may be any geometric shape.
- each pixel may be composed of a plurality of different shapes. In instances where different shapes are used, the shapes may overlap each other, may interlock with each other, or may not intersect with each other. Shapes may overlap based upon colors, gradients, use of phosphorescent inks, and/or the like.
- Examples of shapes that may be used may include a polygon, an annulus, an arbelos, a circle, a circular segment, an ellipse, a lemniscate, a lune, an oval, a salinon, a semicircle, a tomoe, a magatama, a triquetra, an asteroid, a deltoid, an Archimedean spiral and/or the like.
- Polygons may be simple or complex, and simple polygons may include convex polygons, concave polygons, equilateral polygons, rectangular convex polygons, cyclic polygons and equiangular polygons.
- Each shape may encode a type of data.
- the size and/or the dimensions of each shape may encode another type of data.
- the positioning of each shape within each pixel may also be used to encode a type of data.
- Each shaded pixel 305 and each voided pixel 310 may further have a length, a width and/or other dimensions.
- the dimensions of each pixel may vary, and thus may be independent of dimensions of other pixels.
- the varying dimensions of each pixel may provide additional types of encoded data, where the data corresponds to the specific dimensions of each pixel.
- the symbology 300 and/or each pixel within the symbology may further have a plurality of optical properties, wherein each optical property may provide encoding information for a distinct type of data.
- optical properties may include, but are not limited to, the shape, size, horizontal dimensions, vertical dimensions, luminance, photobleaching properties, decay rate, and/or use of gradients, as well as combinations thereof.
- the symbology 300 and/or each pixel may include additional or alternate optical properties for encoding additional types of data not specifically recited herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
- the symbology 300 may be deposited on a substrate with a plurality of inks, such as, for example, luminescent inks, non-luminescent inks and/or the like.
- Each of the luminescent inks may have a corresponding decay rate, and the decay rates between luminescent inks may vary.
- FIG. 4 depicts an example of a symbology 400 having 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D.
- One or more of the shaded pixels may be marked with a luminescent ink having a differing decay rate.
- shaded pixels A and B may be shaded with a first luminescent ink
- shaded pixels C and D may be shaded with a second luminescent ink.
- all 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D may exhibit an identical luminance.
- a first excitation event 405 such as exposure to the illumination device
- the luminance of each of the 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D may begin to decay at a different rate.
- the luminance of shaded pixels A and B does not decay as quickly as the luminance of shaded pixels C and D.
- shaded pixels A and B exhibit a greater luminance than shaded pixels C and D.
- the symbology 400 has been altered and may be encoded with additional information, such as, for example, additional types of data, at this altered state, as well as at future altered states, such as, for example, altered states that are derivatives of previous altered states.
- the symbology 400 may then undergo additional excitation events 410 , 415 , 420 , such as additional exposure to the illumination device or the passage of time, to change the luminance of the 4 shaded pixels again.
- additional excitation events 410 , 415 , 420 such as additional exposure to the illumination device or the passage of time, to change the luminance of the 4 shaded pixels again.
- additional information such as additional types of data.
- Each type of data may be a derivative of the previous type of data from the previous alteration.
- FIG. 5 depicts an example of a symbology 500 having 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D, wherein each of the shaded pixels A, B, C, D may have a luminescent ink with a differing decay rate.
- shaded pixel A may be shaded with a first luminescent ink
- shaded pixel B may be shaded with a second luminescent ink
- shaded pixel C may be shaded with a third luminescent ink
- shaded pixel D may be shaded with a fourth luminescent ink.
- all 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D may exhibit an identical luminance.
- each of the 4 shaded pixels A, B, C, D may begin to decay at a different rate.
- the luminances of shaded pixels A, B, C, D exhibit differing intensities after the first excitation event.
- the symbology 500 has been altered and may be encoded with additional information, such as additional types of data, at this altered state.
- the symbology 500 may then undergo additional excitation events 510 , 515 , 520 , such as additional exposure to the illumination device or the passage of time, to change the luminance of the 4 shaded pixels again.
- additional excitation events 510 , 515 , 520 such as additional exposure to the illumination device or the passage of time, to change the luminance of the 4 shaded pixels again.
- the symbology 500 is altered and may be encoded with additional information, such as additional types of data.
- each pixel or a portion thereof may also be altered in a similar manner, such as, for example, intensity, phosphor decay, photobleaching properties and/or the like.
- the ink used to encode each shaded pixel A, B, C, D may have shading that is solid and uniformly dispersed throughout each shaded pixel A, B, C, D.
- gradients may also be used for each shaded pixel. Examples of possible gradients may include, but are not limited to, horizontal two-color gradients 610 , vertical two-color gradients 615 , horizontal three-color gradients 620 , circular two-color gradients 625 , square two-color gradients 630 , and diagonal two-color gradients 635 .
- gradients may be used for differing phosphor decay rates, differing luminescent inks, differing intensities, differing photobleaching and/or the like for each pixel. Gradients may further exist with more than two colors, luminances, decay rates, intensities, photobleaching properties and/or the like without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
- a horizontal two-color gradient may be dispersed at a 10:90 ratio 705 , wherein a first color comprises 10% of the shaded pixel and a second color comprises the remaining 90% of the shaded pixel.
- Other examples may include a solid 50:50 gradient 710 , where the two colors, phosphors, intensities and/or the like are evenly distributed at 50% of the pixel.
- other 50:50 gradients may vary the slope of the gradient, as shown in 715 , 720 and 725 , but still disperse each of the two colors, phosophors, intensities and/or the like at 50% of the pixel.
- an additional type of data may be encoded. Each type of data may be a derivative of the previous type of data from the previous variation of the slope.
- a diagonal gradient may be dispersed at a 60 degree angle 805 , but may still remain a 50:50 gradient where the first color, intensity, luminance, decay, photobleaching property and/or the like comprises 50% of the pixel, similar to that of the second color, intensity, luminance, decay, photobleaching property and/or the like.
- the examples depicted in FIGS. 6-8 are merely illustrative, and thus additional or alternate gradients not specifically shown are intended to be encompassed by this disclosure.
- the angle may be varied while the 50:50 gradient remains, as shown in 810 , 815 , 820 and 825 . In each variation of the angle of the gradient, an additional type of data may be encoded.
- each shaded pixel with a gradient instead of a uniformly solid color
- additional types of data may be encoded, based upon the gradient of each pixel.
- the gradient of each pixel may be recorded either similarly or differently for each type of marking material used, as well as a gradient for each property displayed by a marking material.
- a marking material having a luminance, a decay rate and a photobleaching property may use a different gradient for each property, such as the luminance having a horizontal two-color gradient, the decay rate having a circular two-color gradient and the photobleaching property having a vertical two-color gradient.
- Those skilled in the art will recognize other combinations of gradients that may be used for each marking material and/or property displayed.
- Gradients may be encoded with additional types of data in a number of different ways. For example, data may be encoded into each color present in a gradient of a particular pixel, as well as the relative amounts of each color present in the gradient of the particular pixel. Data may also be encoded into each pixel based on the direction of the gradient and the like.
- a pixel may contain 4 colors, phosphors, intensities, photobleaching properties and/or the like, as depicted in FIG. 9 .
- each of the plurality of optical properties may be used to encode a corresponding plurality of types of data.
- the plurality of types of data encoded by each of the plurality of optical properties may each be orthogonal.
- each type of data may be obtained through the use of different detection modalities that may each be non-interacting, or otherwise independent of each other so that they do not interfere with each other.
- a QR code may be written to encode a first type of data via methods known in the art, thereby appearing as a plurality of black, white and/or colored pixels that are readable by a common optical reading apparatus.
- additional information may be encoded through the use of one or more of the plurality of optical properties.
- each of the plurality of pixels may include different fluorescent materials and/or phosphorescent inks, wherein each may have different emission intensities and/or decay rates.
- the optical properties and the data encoded therein may be revealed through an excitation, such as by use of the illumination device.
- each of the varying types of encoded data may be read independently of each other, and without one interfering with an ability to read another.
- FIG. 10 depicts an example of a reference table for each of 22 unique dimensions of a pixel, as well as a corresponding encoding for 9 bits of information in each dimension (A, B, C, D, 1, 2, 3, 4, and).
- Each dimension is encoded into the pixel so as to be completely independent of another. Thus, a different type of data may be encoded into each dimension.
- Some of the information in each dimension may be readable through the use of shape and color recognition under normal lighting conditions (see FIG. 11 ).
- Some of the dimensions may require the pixel to be illuminated, such as with a strong flash, and then the intensity of the phosphor is measured at different time points, as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13 .
- Some of the information is encoded such that the pixel needs to be illuminated multiple times, and the intensity of the phosphor is read subsequent to each illumination and thus compared to measure the amount of photobleaching, as depicted in FIG. 14 .
- FIG. 11 depicts three individual pixels that contain coding for ten (10) unique dimensions of information that can be deciphered by image processing under normal light conditions. This deciphering can be accomplished with standard digital imaging and image processing algorithms for edge detection, distance measurement, shape recognition, color recognition and light intensity.
- FIG. 11 also provides an orientation guide 1105 that shows four (4) edges of a pixel, wherein the left side edge is the first edge, the right side edge is the second edge, the upper edge is the third edge and the bottom edge is the fourth edge.
- the first edge is a triangle.
- the reference table provided in FIG. 10 indicates that when the first edge is a triangle, it corresponds to encoding for the number “3”. Referring back to FIG.
- Pixel 2 has a first edge that is straight, which corresponds to encoding for the letter “A” in the reference table shown in FIG. 10 .
- Pixel 3 has a first edge that is an inverted semicircle, which corresponds to encoding for the number “4”.
- the code for a first dimension that encompasses the first edge of all three pixels is “3A4”.
- Pixel 1 has a straight edge
- Pixel 2 has a semicircle
- Pixel 3 has an angled straight edge.
- the encoded characters that correspond to the three edges are “0.4D”. This process may then be repeated for the third (i.e., upper) and fourth (i.e., lower) edges to obtain the respective encoding, which is shown in the first four rows of the table depicted in FIG. 11 .
- the respective lengths L 1 , L 2 and L 3 of Pixel 1, Pixel 2 and Pixel 3 may be measured from the first edge to the second edge without factoring the shapes of either edge to provide encoding for a fifth dimension.
- the code “2D4” corresponds to the respective lengths of L 1 , L 2 and L 3 .
- the respective heights H 1 , H 2 and H 3 of Pixel 1, Pixel 2 and Pixel 3 may be measured from the third edge to the fourth edge without factoring the shapes of either edge to provide encoding for a sixth dimension.
- the code “8.D” corresponds to the respective heights of H 1 , H 2 and H 3 .
- Encoding for a seventh and eighth dimension may be obtained via the color of the first and second edges, respectively, of each of Pixel 1, Pixel 2 and Pixel 3.
- the color may be determined by software and compared to a color chart, such as the one provided in FIG. 10 to obtain the encoding for each color.
- the encoding for the first edges provides the code “ABC”
- the encoding for the second edges provides the code “C3A”.
- a ninth dimension may be encoded from a relative portion of the pixel that is colored by the first edge color compared to a relative portion of the pixel that is colored by the second edge color, such as, for example, the color gradient.
- 60 percent of Pixel 1 is colored with the first edge color and 40 percent of Pixel 1 is colored with the second edge color, which corresponds to an encoding of “D” in the reference table of FIG. 10 .
- Pixel 2 is evenly colored at 50% of the first edge color and 50% of the second edge color, which corresponds to an encoding of “1” in the reference table of FIG. 10 .
- Pixel 3 is 20% colored by the first edge color and 80% colored by the second edge color, which corresponds to an encoding of “4” in the reference table of FIG. 10 .
- the ninth dimension of encoding contains the code “D14”.
- a tenth dimension may be encoded from a shape created by the intersection of each of the two colors in each pixel.
- Pixel 1 contains an intersection in the shape of a semicircle, which, as shown in the table in FIG. 10 , corresponds to the number “4”.
- Pixel 2 contains an intersection in the shape of a step, which, as shown in the table in FIG. 10 , corresponds to the letter “B”.
- Pixel 3 contains an intersection in the shape of a triangle, which, as shown in the table in FIG. 10 , corresponds to the letter “C”.
- the tenth dimension of encoding contains the code “4BC”.
- FIG. 12 depicts the use of a luminescent ink over Pixel 1, Pixel 2 and Pixel 3.
- a luminescent ink over Pixel 1, Pixel 2 and Pixel 3.
- the intensity of the luminescent ink at the first edge and second edge are used to encode the 11th and 12th dimensions, respectively.
- the intensity can be varied by changing the amount or the type of luminescent ink, or by including different dopants.
- the intensity may be determined as an absolute or a relative, such as by use of reference points. While intensity is shown in FIG. 12 as ranging from black to white, it is to be understood that the intensity is separate and distinct from the colors previously discussed. In some instances, software may be used to correct the color in order to correctly determine each luminescence property.
- the two edge phosphors can be arranged in combinations such as shown here.
- the code for the 13th dimension is determined by the relative amounts of the first and second phosphor intensity across each pixel. Also, a shape included at the interface between the two phosphors.
- the rate of phosphorescence decay over time after a single exposure may be controlled using dopants or different compositions of the phosphor.
- the decay rate of the first edge of Pixel 1 is 20 (i.e., 20% of the intensity of the phosphor is diminished after each time point). This decay rate corresponds to “B” in the reference table of FIG. 10 .
- the decay rate for the first edge of Pixels 2 and 3 are 10 and 50, respectively, which correspond to “A” and “1” in the reference table of FIG. 10 .
- the gradient of the decay rate (i.e., the percentage of the phosphor with the decay rate at the first edge compared to that at the second edge), may provide a seventeenth dimension for the pixels. This may be similar in the manner in which the ninth dimension is obtained for color. Thus, Pixel 1 exhibits a 40% first decay rate and a 60% second decay rate, which corresponds to a code of “2”.
- a shape that is defined by the intersection of each phosphor on each pixel decaying at different rates may be encoded as an eighteenth dimension.
- the semicircular shape defined by the phosphors on Pixel 1 corresponds to a code of “B”.
- illuminations e.g., flashes
- the first edge of Pixel 1 photobleaches at a rate of 80% (i.e., the intensity of the phosphor is diminished by 80% after each exposure), which corresponds to “B” in the reference table presented in FIG. 10 .
- the intensity of the first edge of the Pixel 2 diminishes by 30% with each exposure, which corresponds to “3” in the reference table presented in FIG. 10 .
- the photobleaching gradients of each pixel may be used to encode the 21 st dimension in a manner similar to the ninth dimension.
- the shape created by the intersection of the two photobleaching gradients may be used to encode the 22 nd dimension in a manner similar to the tenth dimension.
- each dimension may code more than 9 bits of information by including additional shapes, locations of shapes, dimensions, colors, gradients, luminescent properties, photobleaching properties and the like.
- compositions, methods, and devices are described in terms of “comprising” various components or steps (interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to”), the compositions, methods, and devices can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps, and such terminology should be interpreted as defining essentially closed-member groups. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases at least one and one or more to introduce claim recitations.
- a range includes each individual member.
- a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells.
- a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.
Abstract
Description
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2012/051741 WO2014031107A1 (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2012-08-21 | Orthogonal encoding for tags |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20140191036A1 US20140191036A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
US9269034B2 true US9269034B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
Family
ID=50150266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/816,574 Expired - Fee Related US9269034B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 | 2012-08-21 | Orthogonal encoding for tags |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9269034B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014031107A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9818249B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2017-11-14 | Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc | Authentication method and system |
US10781539B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-09-22 | Paul J. Serbiak | Authenticatable articles, fabric and method of manufacture |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2527704B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-05-18 | Smartglyph Ltd | Optical code |
US9367782B2 (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2016-06-14 | Konica Minolta Laboratory U.S.A., Inc. | High capacity 2D color barcode and method for decoding the same |
CN104617226B (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2016-10-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of array base palte and preparation method thereof, display device and display compensation method |
US9454688B1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2016-09-27 | Konica Minolta Laboratory U.S.A., Inc. | High capacity 2D color barcode design and decoding method |
TWI566224B (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-11 | 達意科技股份有限公司 | Electronic paper display apparatus, signal transmission system and method thereof |
CN108510035B (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2021-03-02 | 深圳超级码力科技有限公司 | Novel picture two-dimensional code manufacturing method based on diagonal module color depth difference |
EP3438649B1 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-11 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Identification tag and method of identifying an object |
DE102019127894B4 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-05-12 | Sensor-Instruments Entwicklungs- Und Vertriebs-Gmbh | PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM AND PROCEDURES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A PRODUCT |
DE102020104115A1 (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-19 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Method for checking a smartphone-verifiable security feature, smartphone-verifiable security feature and value or security document |
Citations (61)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4983817A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1991-01-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Background compensating bar code readers |
WO1995014289A2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-26 | Pinecone Imaging Corporation | Identification/authentication coding method and apparatus |
WO1996036163A2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganography systems |
WO1997043736A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Computer system linked by using information in data objects |
KR20010044743A (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2001-06-05 | 김지영 | A method for recognizing 2D barcode information |
US20010012377A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2001-08-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image |
US6340588B1 (en) | 1995-04-25 | 2002-01-22 | Discovery Partners International, Inc. | Matrices with memories |
US6381341B1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2002-04-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal |
US6404898B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2002-06-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and system for encoding image and audio content |
US20020114492A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2002-08-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoding and decoding in accordance with steganographically-conveyed data |
US20020172397A1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2002-11-21 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Data encoding using frail watermarks |
US20030033530A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2003-02-13 | Sharma Ravi K. | Variable message coding protocols for encoding auxiliary data in media signals |
US20030035565A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2003-02-20 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Methods for encoding security documents |
DE10149463A1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2003-04-24 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Printed machine-readable code e.g. for banknotes comprises areas of differing ink layer thickness |
US20030116628A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-26 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Reading method of the two-dimensional bar code |
US20030119059A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 | 2003-06-26 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Complex combinatorial chemical libraries encoded with tags |
US20030174863A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2003-09-18 | Brundage Trent J. | Steganographically encoding specular surfaces |
US20030194578A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-10-16 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Security articles comprising multi-responsive physical colorants |
US20040076746A1 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-04-22 | Diversified Biotech, Inc. | Phosphorescent marker for laboratory autography |
EP1500521A2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-01-26 | Hueck Folien Ges.m.b.H | Security elements with machine readable features and colour effects |
US6920232B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 2005-07-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding using arbitrary features |
US6944298B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2005-09-13 | Digimare Corporation | Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals |
US20050286736A1 (en) | 1994-11-16 | 2005-12-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Securing media content with steganographic encoding |
US20060186348A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | American Dye Source Inc. | Method for encoding materials with a luminescent tag and apparatus for reading same |
WO2007016374A2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Authentix, Inc. | Apparatus and method for security tag detection |
US20070223592A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2007-09-27 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Video Steganography or Encoding |
US20070286453A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2007-12-13 | Evans Douglas B | Substituting objects based on steganographic encoding |
CA2654085A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-21 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
US7460726B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2008-12-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Integrating steganographic encoding in multimedia content |
US20090132547A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2009-05-21 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Steganographic Encoding for Video and Audio |
US20090232352A1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2009-09-17 | Carr J Scott | Steganographic Encoding Methods and Apparatus |
US20090290043A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Sub-Pixel Array Optical Sensor |
US7642898B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2010-01-05 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Orthogonal frequency coding for surface acoustic wave communication, tag and sensor application |
US20100067734A1 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2010-03-18 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Geographical Encoding Imagery and Video |
US20100102250A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Intematix Corporation | Phosphor based authentication system |
US20100149393A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2010-06-17 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
US20110007936A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Encoding and Decoding Media Signals |
US20110205384A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-08-25 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
US8087583B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2012-01-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Associating media through encoding |
US8144924B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2012-03-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Content objects with computer instructions steganographically encoded therein, and associated methods |
US8144368B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2012-03-27 | Digimarc Coporation | Automated methods for distinguishing copies from original printed objects |
US8151113B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and devices responsive to ambient audio |
US8150096B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2012-04-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Video fingerprinting to identify video content |
US8155378B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-04-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Color image or video processing |
US8155582B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems employing digital content |
US8160304B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Interactive systems and methods employing wireless mobile devices |
US8160968B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital media methods |
US8165341B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2012-04-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and apparatus to process imagery or audio content |
US8171567B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2012-05-01 | Tracer Detection Technology Corp. | Authentication method and system |
US8175329B2 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2012-05-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks |
US8180844B1 (en) | 2000-03-18 | 2012-05-15 | Digimarc Corporation | System for linking from objects to remote resources |
US8181884B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Machine-readable features for objects |
US8184851B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Inserting watermarks into portions of digital signals |
US8185967B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for content management |
US8190713B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2012-05-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Controlling a device based upon steganographically encoded data |
US8194915B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-06-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Wavelet domain watermarks |
US8191783B2 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2012-06-05 | Ji-Deak Cheon | Bar code generation method using color code, data compression method, and internet service method thereof |
US8224022B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2012-07-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Connected audio and other media objects |
US8230337B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2012-07-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Associating objects with corresponding behaviors |
US8243980B2 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 2012-08-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Image processing using embedded registration data to determine and compensate for geometric transformation |
US20130140431A1 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2013-06-06 | Ysystems Ltd. | Apparatus and method for measuring a luminescent decay |
-
2012
- 2012-08-21 WO PCT/US2012/051741 patent/WO2014031107A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-08-21 US US13/816,574 patent/US9269034B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (133)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4983817A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1991-01-08 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Background compensating bar code readers |
US6404898B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2002-06-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and system for encoding image and audio content |
EP0987855A2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2000-03-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for encoding audio with auxiliary digital data |
US6430302B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2002-08-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image |
US20070201835A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2007-08-30 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Audio Encoding to Convey Auxiliary Information, and Media Embodying Same |
US7987094B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2011-07-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Audio encoding to convey auxiliary information, and decoding of same |
US20080131084A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2008-06-05 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Steganographic Encoding and Detecting for Video Signals |
US20010012377A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2001-08-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image |
WO1995014289A2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-26 | Pinecone Imaging Corporation | Identification/authentication coding method and apparatus |
US20100318664A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2010-12-16 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Steganographic encoding for video and images |
US6647129B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2003-11-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and system for encoding image and audio content |
US20090132547A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2009-05-21 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Steganographic Encoding for Video and Audio |
WO1995014289A3 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 1995-06-29 | Pinecone Imaging Corp | Identification/authentication coding method and apparatus |
US20080131083A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2008-06-05 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Audio Encoding to Convey Auxiliary Information, and Media Embodying Same |
US20030026451A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2003-02-06 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Method and system for encoding image and audio content |
JP2007202163A (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2007-08-09 | Digimarc Corp | Verification/authentication encoding method and apparatus |
US8010632B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2011-08-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographic encoding for video and images |
US20060062386A1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2006-03-23 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals |
US6944298B1 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2005-09-13 | Digimare Corporation | Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals |
US8204222B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2012-06-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals |
US8184851B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Inserting watermarks into portions of digital signals |
US20030119059A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 | 2003-06-26 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Complex combinatorial chemical libraries encoded with tags |
US6519352B2 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2003-02-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoding and decoding in accordance with steganographically-conveyed data |
US20070223592A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2007-09-27 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Video Steganography or Encoding |
US20020114492A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2002-08-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoding and decoding in accordance with steganographically-conveyed data |
US20030174860A1 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2003-09-18 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Encoding and decoding methods in which decryption data is conveyed steganographically within audio or visual content |
US6768808B2 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2004-07-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoding and decoding methods in which decryption data is conveyed steganographically within audio or visual content |
US7676059B2 (en) | 1994-10-21 | 2010-03-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Video steganography or encoding |
US20050286736A1 (en) | 1994-11-16 | 2005-12-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Securing media content with steganographic encoding |
US7248717B2 (en) | 1994-11-16 | 2007-07-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Securing media content with steganographic encoding |
US6340588B1 (en) | 1995-04-25 | 2002-01-22 | Discovery Partners International, Inc. | Matrices with memories |
US8150032B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2012-04-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for controlling rendering of images and video |
US20050254684A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2005-11-17 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Methods for steganographic encoding media |
US7499566B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2009-03-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for steganographic encoding media |
US20030035565A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2003-02-20 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Methods for encoding security documents |
WO1996036163A2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganography systems |
US8144924B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2012-03-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Content objects with computer instructions steganographically encoded therein, and associated methods |
US20080019560A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2008-01-24 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Securing Media Content with Steganographic Encoding |
US7460726B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2008-12-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Integrating steganographic encoding in multimedia content |
US20070047766A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2007-03-01 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Methods for Steganographic Encoding Media |
US7991182B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2011-08-02 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for steganographic encoding media |
US6922480B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2005-07-26 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods for encoding security documents |
US7444000B2 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2008-10-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Content identification, and securing media content with steganographic encoding |
US8224022B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2012-07-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Connected audio and other media objects |
US8190713B2 (en) | 1995-07-27 | 2012-05-29 | Digimarc Corporation | Controlling a device based upon steganographically encoded data |
US8243980B2 (en) | 1996-04-25 | 2012-08-14 | Digimarc Corporation | Image processing using embedded registration data to determine and compensate for geometric transformation |
US8184849B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Error processing of steganographic message signals |
US6920232B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 2005-07-19 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding using arbitrary features |
WO1997043736A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Computer system linked by using information in data objects |
US8094877B2 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2012-01-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Variable message coding protocols for encoding auxiliary data in media signals |
US7778442B2 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2010-08-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Variable message coding protocols for encoding auxiliary data in media signals |
US6381341B1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2002-04-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal |
US20110081041A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2011-04-07 | Sharma Ravi K | Variable Message Coding Protocols For Encoding Auxiliary Data in Media Signals |
US7412072B2 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2008-08-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Variable message coding protocols for encoding auxiliary data in media signals |
US20030033530A1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2003-02-13 | Sharma Ravi K. | Variable message coding protocols for encoding auxiliary data in media signals |
US7054463B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2006-05-30 | Digimarc Corporation | Data encoding using frail watermarks |
US20020172397A1 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2002-11-21 | Rhoads Geoffrey B. | Data encoding using frail watermarks |
US8144368B2 (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2012-03-27 | Digimarc Coporation | Automated methods for distinguishing copies from original printed objects |
US20090180665A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2009-07-16 | Brundage Trent J | Steganographic Encoding |
US8165341B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2012-04-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and apparatus to process imagery or audio content |
US20070110274A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2007-05-17 | Brundage Trent J | Steganographically Encoding Metallic, Shiny or Specular Surfaces |
US20100284564A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2010-11-11 | Brundage Trent J | Steganographic Encoding |
US8059860B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2011-11-15 | Brundage Trent J | Steganographic encoding |
US20030174863A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2003-09-18 | Brundage Trent J. | Steganographically encoding specular surfaces |
US7403633B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2008-07-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographically encoding metallic, shiny or specular surfaces |
US7162052B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2007-01-09 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographically encoding specular surfaces |
US7760906B2 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2010-07-20 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographic encoding |
US8185967B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Method and apparatus for content management |
US8160304B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Interactive systems and methods employing wireless mobile devices |
US8155582B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and systems employing digital content |
US8200976B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-06-12 | Digimarc Corporation | Portable audio appliance |
US8151113B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Methods and devices responsive to ambient audio |
US8160968B2 (en) | 1999-05-19 | 2012-04-17 | Digimarc Corporation | Digital media methods |
US7773770B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2010-08-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Substituting or replacing components in media objects based on steganographic encoding |
US8036420B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2011-10-11 | Digimarc Corporation | Substituting or replacing components in sound based on steganographic encoding |
US20070286453A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2007-12-13 | Evans Douglas B | Substituting objects based on steganographic encoding |
US20080196059A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2008-08-14 | Evans Douglas B | Substituting or Replacing Components in Media Objects Based on Steganographic Encoding |
US7362879B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2008-04-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Substituting objects based on steganographic encoding |
US20110046959A1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2011-02-24 | Evans Douglas B | Substituting or Replacing Components in Sound Based on Steganographic Encoding |
US20110007936A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Encoding and Decoding Media Signals |
US8027510B2 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2011-09-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Encoding and decoding media signals |
US8194915B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-06-05 | Digimarc Corporation | Wavelet domain watermarks |
US8165342B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-04-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Color image or video processing |
US8155378B2 (en) | 2000-02-14 | 2012-04-10 | Digimarc Corporation | Color image or video processing |
US8180844B1 (en) | 2000-03-18 | 2012-05-15 | Digimarc Corporation | System for linking from objects to remote resources |
US8175329B2 (en) | 2000-04-17 | 2012-05-08 | Digimarc Corporation | Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks |
US20090232352A1 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2009-09-17 | Carr J Scott | Steganographic Encoding Methods and Apparatus |
US7970166B2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2011-06-28 | Digimarc Corporation | Steganographic encoding methods and apparatus |
US8230337B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2012-07-24 | Digimarc Corporation | Associating objects with corresponding behaviors |
US8027506B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2011-09-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Geographical encoding imagery and video |
US20100067734A1 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2010-03-18 | Rhoads Geoffrey B | Geographical Encoding Imagery and Video |
KR20010044743A (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2001-06-05 | 김지영 | A method for recognizing 2D barcode information |
DE10149463A1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2003-04-24 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Printed machine-readable code e.g. for banknotes comprises areas of differing ink layer thickness |
US20030116628A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-26 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Reading method of the two-dimensional bar code |
US20030194578A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-10-16 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Security articles comprising multi-responsive physical colorants |
US8150096B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2012-04-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Video fingerprinting to identify video content |
US8087583B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2012-01-03 | Digimarc Corporation | Associating media through encoding |
US8171567B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2012-05-01 | Tracer Detection Technology Corp. | Authentication method and system |
US6881000B2 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2005-04-19 | Diversified Biotech, Inc. | Phosphorescent marker for laboratory autography |
US20040076746A1 (en) | 2002-10-22 | 2004-04-22 | Diversified Biotech, Inc. | Phosphorescent marker for laboratory autography |
EP1500521A2 (en) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-01-26 | Hueck Folien Ges.m.b.H | Security elements with machine readable features and colour effects |
US8181884B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2012-05-22 | Digimarc Corporation | Machine-readable features for objects |
US8191783B2 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2012-06-05 | Ji-Deak Cheon | Bar code generation method using color code, data compression method, and internet service method thereof |
US7642898B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2010-01-05 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Orthogonal frequency coding for surface acoustic wave communication, tag and sensor application |
US20060186348A1 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | American Dye Source Inc. | Method for encoding materials with a luminescent tag and apparatus for reading same |
WO2007016374A2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Authentix, Inc. | Apparatus and method for security tag detection |
CA2654085A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-21 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
WO2007146303A2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-21 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
RU2009100923A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2010-07-20 | Веритек, Инк. (Us) | MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYMBOLS AND RELATED WAYS |
MX2008015959A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-03-02 | Veritec Inc | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods. |
WO2007146303A3 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2008-08-14 | Veritec Inc | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
US20080035730A1 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2008-02-14 | Look Thomas F | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
EP2027561A2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-02-25 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
US7510125B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-03-31 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
ZA200810452B (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-11-25 | Veritec Inc | Multi-Dimensional symbologies and related methods |
KR20090018811A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-02-23 | 베리텍 인코포레이티드 | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
JP2009540468A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-11-19 | ベリテック,インコーポレイティド | Multidimensional symbology and related methods |
CN101467161A (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2009-06-24 | 威泰克公司 | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
AU2007258332A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-21 | Veritec, Inc. | Multi-dimensional symbologies and related methods |
US8035711B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2011-10-11 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Sub-pixel array optical sensor |
US20090290043A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Sub-Pixel Array Optical Sensor |
US20100149393A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2010-06-17 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
US20100102250A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Intematix Corporation | Phosphor based authentication system |
WO2011106461A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-01 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
US20110205384A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-08-25 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
TW201215164A (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2012-04-01 | Panavision Imaging Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
CA2790714A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-01 | Jeffrey J. Zarnowski | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
WO2011106568A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-01 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
TW201215165A (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2012-04-01 | Panavision Imaging Llc | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
CA2790853A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-01 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
AU2011220563A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2012-09-13 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Variable active image area image sensor |
AU2011220758A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2012-09-13 | Panavision Imaging, Llc | Increasing the resolution of color sub-pixel arrays |
US20130140431A1 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2013-06-06 | Ysystems Ltd. | Apparatus and method for measuring a luminescent decay |
Non-Patent Citations (11)
Title |
---|
Bizarri et al., On BaMgAi10O17:Eu2+phosphor degradation mechanism: thermal treatment effects, Journal of Luminescence (Jun. 2005), 113(3-4):199-213 (Abstract). |
Denso Wave Incorporated, http://www.qrcode.com/en/vertab;e4.html (Printed from Internet Jan. 2, 2013). |
Gold Book Alphabetical Index, http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00682.html (Aug. 19, 2012). |
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2012/051741 dated Nov. 28, 2012. |
Katsumata et al., Characteristics of Strontium Aluminate Crystals Used for Long-Duration Phosphors, Journal of American Ceramic Society (Jan. 20, 2005), 81(2):413-416 (Abstract). |
Luminofory Presentation, http://tubedevices.com/alek/pwl/luminofory/luminofory.ppt.(Dec. 16, 2006) (Machine translation attached). |
Ntwaeaborwa et al., Degradation of Y2O3:Eu phosphor powders, Physica Status Solidi (c) (Jul. 21, 2004), 1(9):2366-2371 (Abstract). |
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (Printed from Internet Jan. 2, 2013). |
Sebastian et al., Degradation of zinc sulfide phosphors under electron bombardment, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surface and Films (May 1996), 14(3):1697:1703 (Abstract). |
Tanno et al., Lifetime Improvement of BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+Phosphor by Hydrogen Plasma Treatment, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (Sep. 24, 2009), 48:092303-092306 (Abstract). |
Wang et al., Deep Traps and Mechanism of Brightness Degradation in Mn-doped ZnS Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (Feb. 3, 1997), 36:2728-2732 (Abstract). |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9818249B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2017-11-14 | Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc | Authentication method and system |
US10781539B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-09-22 | Paul J. Serbiak | Authenticatable articles, fabric and method of manufacture |
US11248318B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2022-02-15 | Paul J. Serbiak | Authenticatable articles, fabric and method of manufacture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140191036A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
WO2014031107A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9269034B2 (en) | Orthogonal encoding for tags | |
JP6678225B2 (en) | Multi-mode stylus and digitizer system | |
AU2014228412B2 (en) | Rare earth spatial/spectral microparticle barcodes for labeling of objects and tissues | |
US9836164B2 (en) | Optical digitizer system with position-unique photoluminescent indicia | |
CN108410266A (en) | A kind of novel invisible anti-fake two-dimension code based on nano metal organic framework materials | |
US20110127331A1 (en) | Phase locked ir encoding for peened 2d barcodes | |
US20130153787A1 (en) | Optical digitizer system with position-unique photoluminescent indicia | |
US9600754B2 (en) | Machine-readable glass | |
Ramalho et al. | Super modules-based active QR codes for smart trackability and IoT: a responsive-banknotes case study | |
US11941468B2 (en) | Barcodes with security material and readers for same | |
US9958954B2 (en) | System and methods for calibrating a digitizer system | |
CN108174613B (en) | Photoluminescence verification device, system and method | |
CN105556942B (en) | Digital watermarking | |
US9691208B2 (en) | Mechanisms for authenticating the validity of an item | |
US20060152706A1 (en) | Multi-modal authentication, anti-diversion and asset management and method | |
US20130088603A1 (en) | Compact viewer for invisible indicia | |
Hakola et al. | Functional ink formulation for individualized Smart Tags | |
US20180004993A1 (en) | Authenticable digital code and associated systems and methods | |
US8653445B2 (en) | Method for viewing invisible indicia | |
TW202023848A (en) | Anti-counterfeit security verification method and device using quantum dots | |
WO2013055493A1 (en) | Compact viewer for invisible indicia | |
CN111339796B (en) | Anti-fake safety method and device using quantum dot | |
CN107516058A (en) | Low angle illuminates code reader | |
KR20180098649A (en) | A security article comprising a combined image and / or an exposure raster (raster) | |
KR20160039074A (en) | A Barcode Containing a Part Printed with Substance Fluoresced by Ultraviolet Light |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ION CORP PTY LTD., AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MANION, MICHAEL KEONI;REEL/FRAME:028823/0035 Effective date: 20111220 Owner name: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ION CORP PTY LTD.;REEL/FRAME:028823/0095 Effective date: 20120402 Owner name: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BUNTEL, CHRISTOPHER JOHN;REEL/FRAME:028823/0124 Effective date: 20120402 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
CC | Certificate of correction | ||
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CRESTLINE DIRECT FINANCE, L.P., TEXAS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC;REEL/FRAME:048373/0217 Effective date: 20181228 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: SURCHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENT, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1554); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EMPIRE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT LLC, WASHINGTON Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CRESTLINE DIRECT FINANCE, L.P.;REEL/FRAME:065712/0585 Effective date: 20231004 |
|
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |