US8943356B1 - Post backup catalogs - Google Patents
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- US8943356B1 US8943356B1 US13/631,633 US201213631633A US8943356B1 US 8943356 B1 US8943356 B1 US 8943356B1 US 201213631633 A US201213631633 A US 201213631633A US 8943356 B1 US8943356 B1 US 8943356B1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1448—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore
- G06F11/1451—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore by selection of backup contents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1458—Management of the backup or restore process
- G06F11/1469—Backup restoration techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/11—File system administration, e.g. details of archiving or snapshots
- G06F16/122—File system administration, e.g. details of archiving or snapshots using management policies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/14—Details of searching files based on file metadata
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1448—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore
- G06F11/1453—Management of the data involved in backup or backup restore using de-duplication of the data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
- G06F2201/80—Database-specific techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
- G06F2201/805—Real-time
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to data systems, and more particularly, to systems and methods of efficiently protecting and accessing data.
- Deduplication removes redundant data blocks so that only one instance of the data block is stored. This can save potentially massive amounts of storage space, as well as bandwidth when transferring data from a backup client to a backup server.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a data system in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method to backup data in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method to recover data in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method to access data in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method to preserve data in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a method to recover data in accordance with some embodiments.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a method to process data in accordance with some embodiments.
- a computer usable medium or computer readable medium may be any medium that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus or device.
- the computer readable storage medium or computer usable medium may be, but is not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), or a persistent store, such as a mass storage device, hard drives, CDROM, DVDROM, tape, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), or any magnetic, electromagnetic, infrared, optical, or electrical means system, apparatus or device for storing information.
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- a persistent store such as a mass storage device, hard drives, CDROM, DVDROM, tape, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), or any magnetic, electromagnetic, infrared, optical, or electrical means system, apparatus or device for storing information.
- the computer readable storage medium or computer usable medium may be any combination of these devices or even paper or another suitable medium upon which the program code is printed, as the program code can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
- Applications, software programs or computer readable instructions may be referred to as components or modules. Applications may be hardwired or hard coded in hardware or take the form of software executing on a general purpose computer or be hardwired or hard coded in hardware such that when the software is loaded into and/or executed by the computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a data system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
- Data System 10 includes a Protected System 100 , and a Data Source System 102 .
- FIG. 1 there may be multiple Data Source Systems for the Protected System to recover from. Further, the Protected System may be a Data Source System for itself.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a “Backup” arrow from the Protected System 100 to Data Source System 102 , it should be noted that a backup is not required in some embodiments.
- Protected System 100 includes a Backup Service, a Data Index, a Recovery Service, and an Authorized Data Services.
- a backup service performs back ups for the protected system when requested. These backup requests may be ad hoc, or may be scheduled. For example, a backup service may take an image of a hard drive in the protected system every two weeks.
- the backup service may determine which data will be sent to the backup repository (e.g. duplicate files should not be sent again, certain data should not be sent according to policy, etc.), and may provide information necessary to construct a data index (e.g. hashes of objects, names of objects, etc.)
- the backup service may also provide deduplication and other space saving functions.
- a backup service may segment each file or data object into data segments, and may create a hash of each file and each data segment.
- deduplication may be performed on the target storage device, (e.g. may be a data source system), and accordingly, the information necessary to construct a data index (e.g. hash values) may be provided by the target storage device.
- the backup service When connecting a protected system to a data source system, the backup service may be responsible for authenticating the identity of each data source system that the backup service communicates with. In some embodiments, the data source system may be responsible for such authentication.
- the data index is created by a backup service, or by another service which manages the data index for one or more protected systems.
- the data index may include a list of data index entries. Each entry may include information about an object, such as file name, file location, version metadata when backed up (e.g. using a backup application version 1.0), and a hash of the object, among others. In some embodiments the hash of the object may be determined by using a cryptograph hash function.
- a data index entry may also include information on a sub level. For example, the data index entry may include information about an object's segment, the segment's segment number (e.g. segment 1 of 10), and a hash of the segment, among others.
- FIG. 1 depicts the backup service, data index, recovery service, and authorized data source services in Protected System 100
- a protected system may be a desktop computer, and the data index may reside in a remote location.
- the data index may, in some embodiments, reside in a data source system.
- Protected System 100 need not be limited to a single machine.
- Protected System 100 may, in some embodiments, comprise several different desktops, each desktop with its own data index, or there may be a master data index covering all desktops stored in a remote location. There are many ways to arrange the components without diverging from the spirit of the invention.
- a recovery service maintains a list of authorized data source services that may be used to provide data matching a hash.
- Data source services may be added to the list through a variety of methods.
- a data source service may be added (authorized) by having the backup service use the data source system as a backup target.
- data source services may be added or removed based on configuration settings or dynamic notifications from newly discovered data source services.
- a recovery service may be responsible for authenticating the identity of each data source it communicates with.
- the data source may be responsible for authenticating the identity of the protected system or recovery service attempting to recover data from the data source. Having the data source authenticate may be preferable to prevent spam recovery requests (e.g. a rogue system randomly sending out hashes to recover data).
- the recovery service may validate that the request is authorized to recover the specific data. Many users may have access to the same physical computer, but different users may have different access privileges. For example, IT staff may have administrative rights and have access to every file, while guess users may only have access to certain files. In some embodiments, the recovery service would check to see if a user requesting recovery of a file has the rights to access the file in the first place.
- the names and version metadata may be used to lookup the hash value of the file contents in the data index.
- search capability may be utilized to enhance the efficiency recovery process.
- the search may include a search by name, location, content, system metadata, user metadata, among others. The user may then select one or more files from the search results to begin recovery. Search results need not be limited to files. For example, data segments may be listed and returned if requested.
- an alternative hash determination may include using additional data indices, such as those in “golden” system images.
- an alternative hash determination may include requesting a data source return a list of hashes for all objects stored in a container identified by a hash. In this way, common files that reside on multiple systems (such as Windows system files) may be recovered without additional back ups.
- a local data source service requests the location of the file by hash value. If a matching location is returned, recovery is completed with little data transfer. If no file hash match is found, the recovery service may request the location of data segments by hash value to satisfy a recovery request. For example, suppose File A has segments 1, 2, and 3, File B has segments 2, 3, 4, and File C has segments 1, 2, and 4. If a user requested a recovery of C, but there was no record of File C's hash in a data index, the recovery service could look for the hashes of File C's segments.
- File A and File B were in the data index, the recovery process would be able to locate segments 1, 2, 3, and 4, which are sufficient to reconstitute File C (e.g. segments 1, 2, and 4). In this way, even though a record of File C's hash was not in the data index, File C would be recoverable based on File C's segments. Local recovery may be particularly desirable for mobile devices, or other devices with low bandwidth or intermittent connectivity.
- a remote data resource e.g. requiring a network connection to connect to the data source.
- Multiple remote data resources may have the requested file.
- the recovery service may prioritize the data sources according to a variety of factors, such as geographical distance, data formats, transfer protocols, bandwidth considerations, performance statistics, policy settings, and resource constraints, among others. For example, if a protected system in Country X discovered that a remote data source in Country Y had a requested file, the differing laws in the two countries may affect the desirability of the protected system to connect to the remote data source in Country.
- recovery requests may be issue recovery requests to remote data sources. For example, one approach includes issuing all recovery requests to the “best” remote data source (e.g. closest, highest resources, etc.). In some embodiments, recovery requests may be distributed across data sources to balance resource utilization. A peer to peer communication protocol such as BitTorrent may be used to transfer data from multiple remote data sources.
- BitTorrent BitTorrent
- the data source service is provided for each storage system or computer system from which data may be used to satisfy a data recovery request.
- a data source service may be provided for computer systems that may or may not be protected systems (e.g. systems that have not performed a backup, among others).
- the data source service may be responsible for authenticating the identity of each backup service and recovery service that it communicates with and ensuring that all such communications are authorized.
- Data source services that provide data from cloud service providers have to ensure that privacy and other aspects of multi-tenancy (e.g. several users accessing the same “cloud”) are satisfied.
- the data source service may in some embodiments provide transformation services. Transformation services may include allowing data stored in one format to be presented in another format. For example, data stored as a disk image may be presented as one or more files. Similarly, data stored as a set of files may be presented as a disk image. This may be desirable when migrating between different operating environments (e.g. Windows to Linux, physical to virtual systems, etc.).
- a user may parse the backup any time after the backup to look for more granular data inside the backup. In some embodiments, this may include looking at the block level to determine what file system was backed up. File systems have their own “fingerprint.” For example, file system A may always include a AF19 FA27 identifier followed by X bits of 0, while file system B may always include a 2F94 998D identifier followed by Y bits of 1. If either of these patterns is detected, it can be determined that the backup or image file includes either file system A or file system B.
- further examining the blocks may reveal another level of granularity. For example, once a Windows file system has been determined, looking further at the blocks may reveal file type and location information. For example, blocks with pattern 1 may indicate file type .doc, while blocks with pattern 2 may indicate file type .xls. File system information may also be used to determine metadata for files (e.g. windows file systems always have metadata pattern Y for files, while linux systems always have metadata pattern Z for files.) Such information may be used to find the start and end blocks of files, etc.
- Cataloguing can be even more granular in some embodiments. For example, suppose a catalog of a windows file machine lists every file. Some files may be .zip files. These zip files may contain several other files, and may include several file types, such as .doc, .jpg, .mpg, etc. If the format of .zip files is known, the zip file may be parsed in a process similar to how a volume backup may be parsed. In this manner, files or backup images may be considered containers. An image contains several files, and the files themselves may contain several other files. Though the term file is used, it should be understood that “file” is not limited to documents. Files may include .vmdk files, which itself may include a virtual file system. As long as the format of the container is understood, the container can be parsed for further granularity. This decouples the conventional notion that a volume backup must lead to a volume restore, and a file level backup must lead to a file level restore.
- the cataloging process is no longer limited by the backup application. As long as the format of containers is understood as described above, the catalog need not be generated by the backup application. In fact, it may be preferable in some embodiments that the backup application not generate the catalog.
- the backup application could create a catalog of the backup it creates, and the backup application typically creates the catalog while backing up the data.
- Cataloging can be a resource intensive process, especially when a backup application needs to backup a considerable number of data objects.
- a backup application no longer needs to catalog while performing the backup.
- the backup application simply stores the data to a backup repository. This may free up considerable processing resources since the backup application doesn't need to keep track of all the data objects it is backing up, and may lead to faster backup operations.
- Catalogs may be generated at any time after the backup application, and in some embodiments, may be generated on demand. For example, suppose a corporation has received an ediscovery request for all spreadsheets relating to Q3 2012 financial activities. If the corporation maintained corporate-wide monthly backups, conventional restore processes would use the backup application to restore all monthly backups in Q3 2012. This may result in a lot of information being restored that is not necessary (e.g. file types of any other than spreadsheets). Using the enhanced techniques described herein, the monthly backups in Q3 may be parsed to look for all spreadsheet files. That is, the backups may be parsed on a block level to first identify a file system, and then using the information from the file system, searched for spreadsheet files. Not only does this save time on the backup portion (e.g.
- catalogs may contain less unneeded information, and resources may be more efficiently utilized.
- the catalog may be presented to the user via an application programming interface (API), or a user interface of an application written to parse backup data in a manner described herein.
- API application programming interface
- the catalog may be stored in a format that is native to the backup application, and the native backup application may be accessed via an API.
- transformations may be generated, indexed, and stored prior to receiving requests for transformed data objects.
- transformation, indexing, and presentation of the transformed data may be performed on demand.
- data source services create and maintain a storage index for the data storage in which it may use to satisfy a data recovery request. Entries in the storage index are maintained for each data object that is to be presented. For example, if a virtual machine image is synthesized from file level backups, entries for the virtual machine image or segments within the virtual machine image may be created within the storage index.
- the data source service may also determine the expense of transferring data its data source service.
- Such information may include the location (e.g. geographical position) of the source data, the format of the data, and the amount of data matching a hash.
- a storage index is created for each data source service that may be used to satisfy a data recovery request.
- the storage index may be a set of entries, wherein each entry may include the length of the content, hash, locator (such as an identifier or address), a count (list size) and list of hashes of the files sharing the same content.
- Data storage includes backup repositories, public cloud storage, networked storage, direct-attached storage, and internal storage systems.
- the efficiency of restore operations may be increased. For example, during a recovery operation, the recovery service may indicate that it only 100 segments of data to recover all the requested data. The data source service may then send only the 100 segments to the protected system. This may potentially realize large savings in bandwidth consumption. To illustrate, suppose the requested data is 1000 files. Many of the files may have many segments in common (e.g. two files have 90 segments in common). Instead of the backup repository sending 1000 files (which share many common segments) over the network, the backup repository only sends 100 segments.
- a combination of recovery techniques may be used to recover data. For example, consider the following files and their respective segments:
- Segments 1, 6, 9 and 10 are required to reconstitute File X.
- a client wishes to recover File X, but has not actually backed up File X.
- File A, B, and C each reside in a different remote resource (e.g. different clients of a backup server, or the backup server itself).
- the client has Segment 10, and that the client is capable of supporting sharing blocks between files (e.g. two blocks may share one block).
- Segment 10 may be part of another file on the client, or may be part of a “deleted” file (e.g. the pointers are removed, but the actual data still resides on the client).
- a combination of recovery techniques may begin with local recovery.
- Segment 10 would be recoverable without resorting to remote resources.
- Remote recovery as described herein, may be used next.
- Segment 1 may be recovered from File A on a remote resource (e.g. another client).
- Segment 6 may be recovered from File B on a different remote resource (e.g. yet another client).
- Segment 9 may be recovered from File C on a different remote resource (e.g. a backup server).
- Combining Segments 1 from File A, 6 from File B, 9 from File C, and 10 from the client, File X may be reconstituted, or recovered, even though there is no available copy of File X.
- Segment 10 may be part of another file on the client, or may be part of a “deleted” file (e.g. the pointers are removed, but the actual data still resides on the client). As described above, Segment 10 may be recovered using local recovery. Segments 1 and 6 may be recovered from the backup server, but it may not be preferable to do so in some embodiments.
- the backup server may be experiencing a heavy load, and it may be preferable for the client to recover Segments 1 and 6 from other clients with Files A and B using remote recovery as described herein.
- the backup server need only send Segment 9, instead of every segment. There is no need to for a user to select one recovery method, follow up with another recovery method, etc. The combination seems transparent to the user.
- recovery techniques may be combined into a single user interface. For example, instead of using one application to perform local recovery, another application to perform remote recovery from other clients, and another application to recover from a backup server, a single application may be used to make the separate recovery operations transparent to the user.
- hash representations of the object may be recovered from a local resource and a remote resource. Once all the hashes have been brought together, the object may be reconstituted.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a method to enhance recovery in accordance with some embodiments.
- an object to be recovered is determined.
- a representation of the object is determined.
- the representation may be a hash value or may be a segment of the object.
- the representation of the object is requested from a data resource system.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method to enhance recovery in accordance with some embodiments.
- a request for an object to be recovered is received.
- external data sources are searched for the object (e.g. data sources external to the data source that initially received the request for recovery).
- an external data source system is identified based on the search.
- the request for an object to be recovered is processed based on the identified external data system.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method to recover data in accordance with some embodiments.
- step 400 data is backed up in a first form with a backup application.
- the backup application is updated.
- step 404 the updated backup application is used to restore the backed up data in a second form.
- the first form may be a copy of a Microsoft Exchange server, and the second form may be individual emails.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method to recover data in accordance with some embodiments.
- a request to recover an object is received from a requestor (e.g. a protected system).
- a requestor e.g. a protected system.
- segments of the object are determined.
- segments of the objects residing in the requestor are identified.
- the recovery request is processed based on the determined segments residing in the requestor.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a method to recover data in accordance with some embodiments.
- an object to be recovered to a client is determined.
- at least a first portion of the object is recovered from a local resource.
- at least a second portion of the object is recovered from a first remote resource.
- a third portion of the object may be recovered from a second remote resource.
- a client may recover a portion of the object via local recovery (e.g. undelete some blocks), recover another portion from a first remote resource (e.g. other clients or peers), and recover another portion from a second remote resource (e.g. a backup server with a full backup of the object, but it did not have the bandwidth to send over the full copy of the object.).
- FIG. 7 illustrates a method to process data in accordance with some embodiments.
- a first container is analyzed at a block level.
- a first level of granularity is determined based on the analysis of the first container.
- a first set of data objects is identified based on the first level of granularity.
- metadata of the first set of data objects is stored in a recovery catalog.
- a second container is identified based on the first set of data objects.
- the second container is analyzed at a block level.
- a second level of granularity is determined based on the analysis of the second container.
- a second set of data objects is identified based on the second level of granularity.
- metadata of the second set of data objects is stored in the recovery catalog, wherein the recovery catalog is stored in a storage device.
- the first level of granularity may include a file system.
- the first container may be backup data created by a backup application, such as a backup image file.
- the first container may be a virtual machine disk file in some embodiments.
- a file list may be created by further examining the container at a block level. For example, after identifying a Windows file system, a list of files in the C: ⁇ directory may be identified and stored in a recovery catalog.
- More than one computer may be used, such as by using multiple computers in a parallel or load-sharing arrangement or distributing tasks across multiple computers such that, as a whole, they perform the functions of the components identified herein; i.e. they take the place of a single computer.
- Various functions described above may be performed by a single process or groups of processes, on a single computer or distributed over several computers. Processes may invoke other processes to handle certain tasks.
- a single storage device may be used, or several may be used to take the place of a single storage device.
- the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein. It is therefore intended that the disclosure and following claims be interpreted as covering all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
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US20150154078A1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-06-04 | Emc Corporation | Post backup catalogs |
US9542280B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2017-01-10 | EMC IP Holding Company LLC | Optimized recovery |
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CN110554930B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2022-05-20 | 重庆小雨点小额贷款有限公司 | Data storage method and related equipment |
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US10176051B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
US20160321141A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
US20150154078A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
US11074132B2 (en) | 2021-07-27 |
US20190087276A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
US9417966B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
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