US8570144B2 - Field superposition system and method therefor - Google Patents
Field superposition system and method therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8570144B2 US8570144B2 US13/046,194 US201113046194A US8570144B2 US 8570144 B2 US8570144 B2 US 8570144B2 US 201113046194 A US201113046194 A US 201113046194A US 8570144 B2 US8570144 B2 US 8570144B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transponder
- vector components
- interior
- antennas
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
- H04W12/69—Identity-dependent
- H04W12/79—Radio fingerprint
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
- B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
- B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00555—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0876—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities based on the identity of the terminal or configuration, e.g. MAC address, hardware or software configuration or device fingerprint
Abstract
Description
[x O *m,y O *m,z O *m]˜[x I *n,y I *n,z I *n+random value].
The superposed (phase adjusted) field strength can be set such that it is safely above an expected noise level:
[x O *m,y O *m,z O *m]+[x I *n,y I *n,z I *n]>noise level.
The calculated values for n and m are encrypted and transmitted to the transponder, such as by using UHF or low frequency (LF) signals.
I O,m =I O *m(external antenna)
I I,m =I I *n(internal antenna)
The transponder or base station evaluates the following conditions based on the received (measured) vector components (superposed), transmitted by both antennas (xsuper, ysuper, zsuper):
x O *m+x I *n−dx<x super <x O *m+x I *n+dx (a)
y O *m+y I *n−dy<y super <y O *m+y I *n+dy, and (b)
z O *m+z I *n−dz<z super <z O *m+z I *n+dz, (c)
with dx, dy and dz factors corresponding to expected errors, such as those due to phase jitter, measurement accuracy, and driver current accuracy. If all conditions a-c are true, it is determined that the transponder is in front of a valid vehicle. If conditions a-c are not all true, a relay attack is detected (e.g., the inserted relays could not create the expected vector components of the magnetic field produced by the antennas).
[x O ,y O ,z O]/MAX[x O ,y O ,z O]*100%=[x Onorm ,y Onorm ,z Onorm], and
[x I ,y I ,z I]/MAX[x I ,y I ,z I]*100%=[x Inorm ,y Inorm ,z Inorm]
Using these normalizations, if
[x O1norm −x Inorm ]<dx AND
[y O1norm −y Inorm ]<dy AND
[z O1norm −z Inorm ]<dz,
where dx, dy, dz are determined by the errors due to phase jitter, measurement accuracy, driver current accuracy, a single 1D coil based EMU attack is detected and the process is stopped. This single coil based relay attack can thus be detected without necessarily normalizing the vector components and carrying out the related additional steps above.
Claims (20)
x O1 *m+x I *n−dx<x super <x O1 *m+x I *n+dx,
y O1 *m+y I *n−dy<y super <y O1 *m+y I *n+dy, and
z O1 *m+z I *n−dz<z super <z O1 *m+z I *n+dz,
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/046,194 US8570144B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Field superposition system and method therefor |
EP12154528.9A EP2498226B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-02-08 | Field superposition system and method therefor |
CN2012100581689A CN102682502A (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-07 | Field superposition system and method therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/046,194 US8570144B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Field superposition system and method therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120229254A1 US20120229254A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
US8570144B2 true US8570144B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
Family
ID=45655461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/046,194 Active 2032-03-27 US8570144B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | Field superposition system and method therefor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8570144B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2498226B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102682502A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10391975B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-27 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method to provide warning to relay attacks on keyless entry and start systems |
US11427160B2 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-08-30 | Nxp B.V. | Field superposition method and system |
Families Citing this family (22)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US8570144B2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2013-10-29 | Nxp B.V. | Field superposition system and method therefor |
US9496936B2 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2016-11-15 | Atmel Corporation | Secure contactless data communication |
US9014023B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2015-04-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Mobile network services in a mobile data network |
US8971192B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2015-03-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data breakout at the edge of a mobile data network |
US8639951B2 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-01-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | States for breakout appliance in a mobile data network |
US8442719B1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-05-14 | Nxp B.V. | Field superposition apparatus, system and method therefor |
US9159224B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2015-10-13 | Nxp B.V. | Wireless power and data apparatus, system and method |
US9172477B2 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-10-27 | Inthinc Technology Solutions, Inc. | Wireless device detection using multiple antennas separated by an RF shield |
CN104717642A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 德尔福电子(苏州)有限公司 | Method for preventing relay attack through magnetic field direction angle difference |
US9741231B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2017-08-22 | Nxp B.V. | Tamper/damage detection |
JP6432795B2 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-12-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | On-vehicle device, portable device, and vehicle wireless communication system |
DE102015016558A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE102015016557A1 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE102015016553A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE102016204748A1 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE102016204749A1 (en) | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE102016204750A1 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2017-09-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Authorization of the use of a motor vehicle |
DE202016007258U1 (en) | 2016-11-26 | 2018-03-02 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Llc | Transponder for an access control system |
US10532719B2 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bluetooth low energy (BLE) passive vehicle access control system for defending the system against relay attacks and method thereof |
FR3064572B1 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2019-03-22 | Continental Automotive France | METHOD FOR TEMPORARILY INHIBITING REMOTE ACTIVATION OF A FUNCTION PRESENT IN A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE102017121035A1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-14 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | A method of automatically recognizing a user identification device associated with a vehicle, user identification unit, computer program product and computer readable medium |
EP3477601A1 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-01 | Nxp B.V. | Mobile device, base structure, system and method for recovery of 3d parameters of low frequency magnetic field vectors |
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2011
- 2011-03-11 US US13/046,194 patent/US8570144B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-02-08 EP EP12154528.9A patent/EP2498226B1/en active Active
- 2012-03-07 CN CN2012100581689A patent/CN102682502A/en active Pending
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10391975B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-27 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method to provide warning to relay attacks on keyless entry and start systems |
US11427160B2 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-08-30 | Nxp B.V. | Field superposition method and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2498226B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
US20120229254A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2498226A2 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2498226A3 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
CN102682502A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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