US8051647B2 - Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8051647B2 US8051647B2 US12/226,522 US22652208A US8051647B2 US 8051647 B2 US8051647 B2 US 8051647B2 US 22652208 A US22652208 A US 22652208A US 8051647 B2 US8051647 B2 US 8051647B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- main
- trap catalyst
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 58
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 34
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RZCJYMOBWVJQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OCC(=O)O)=CC=C21 RZCJYMOBWVJQGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100001143 noxa Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100310662 Homo sapiens SOX21 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100030247 Transcription factor SOX-21 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0285—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a SOx trap or adsorbent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
- B01D53/8609—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
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- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine.
- an internal combustion engine arranging in an engine exhaust passage an NO x storage catalyst storing NO x contained in exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releasing the stored NO x when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich.
- NO x formed when burning fuel under a lean air-fuel ratio is stored in the NO x storage catalyst.
- the NO x storage catalyst approaches saturation of the NO x storage ability, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is temporarily made rich, whereby NO x is released from the NO x storage catalyst and reduced.
- the exhaust gas also contains SO x .
- This SO x is stored together with the NO x in the NO x storage catalyst.
- This SO x is not released from the NO x storage catalyst by just making the exhaust gas a rich air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the amount of SO x stored in the NO x storage catalyst gradually increases. As a result, the storable NO x amount ends up gradually decreasing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine able to prevent the inflow of SO x to the NO x storage catalyst.
- an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine arranging in an engine exhaust passage a main SO x trap catalyst able to trap SO x contained in an exhaust gas, dividing the exhaust passage downstream of the main SO x trap catalyst into a main exhaust passage and a bypass passage bypassing the main exhaust passage, arranging in the main exhaust passage an NO x storage catalyst storage NO x contained in the exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of an inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releasing stored NO x when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich, arranging in the main exhaust passage upstream of the NO x storage catalyst an auxiliary SO x trap catalyst, the exhaust gas is usually made to flow through the main exhaust passage, and the exhaust gas is made to flow through the bypass passage when the main SO x trap catalyst should be regenerated.
- FIG. 1 is an overview of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a surface part of a catalyst carrier of an NO x storage catalyst
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a surface part of a substrate of an SO x trap catalyst
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the relationship between a stored SO x amount ⁇ SOX and a stored SO x amount SO(n) for control of temperature elevation,
- FIG. 5 is a time chart showing the changes in the stored SO x amount ⁇ SOX etc.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart for exhaust purification control
- FIG. 7 is an overview of another embodiment of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 8 is an overview of still another embodiment of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 is an overview of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- 1 indicates an engine body, 2 a combustion chamber of each cylinder, 3 an electronically controlled fuel injector injecting fuel into each combustion chamber 2 , 4 an intake manifold, and 5 an exhaust manifold.
- the intake manifold 4 is connected through an intake duct 6 to the outlet of a compressor 7 a of an exhaust turbocharger 7 , while the inlet of the compressor 7 a is connected to an air cleaner 8 .
- a throttle valve 9 driven by the step motor is arranged inside the intake duct 6 .
- a cooling device 10 for cooling the intake air flowing through the intake duct 6 is arranged. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the engine cooling water is led into the cooling device 10 where the engine cooling water is used to cool the intake air.
- the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of an exhaust turbine 7 b of the exhaust turbocharger 7 and the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7 b is connected to the inlet of a main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- An exhaust pipe 12 is connected to the outlet of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , and an exhaust passage formed in the exhaust pipe 12 is branched into a main exhaust passage 13 and a bypass passage 14 bypassing the main exhaust passage 13 .
- An NO x storage catalyst 15 is arranged in the main exhaust passage 13
- an auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is arranged in the main exhaust passage 13 upstream of the NO x storage catalyst 15 .
- a first exhaust control valve 18 which is opened or closed by an actuator 17 is arranged in the main exhaust passage 13 downstream of the NO x storage catalyst 15
- a second exhaust control valve 20 which is opened or closed by an actuator 19 is arranged in the bypass passage 14 .
- the first exhaust control valve 18 is fully open, and the second exhaust control valve 20 is completely closed. Accordingly, normally, the exhaust gas flows within the main exhaust passage 13 .
- a reducing agent feed valve 21 for feeding a reducing agent comprised of for example a hydrocarbon into the exhaust gas flowing within the exhaust manifold is attached to the exhaust manifold 5 .
- the exhaust manifold 5 and intake manifold 4 are connected to each other through an exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as “EGR”) passage 22 .
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- an electronic control type EGR control valve 23 is arranged inside the EGR passage 22 .
- a cooling device 24 for cooling the EGR gas flowing through the EGR passage 22 is arranged.
- engine cooling water is led to the cooling device 24 where the engine cooling water cools the EGR gas.
- each fuel injector 3 is connected through a fuel tube 25 to a common rail 26 .
- This common rail 26 is fed with fuel from an electronically controlled variable discharge fuel pump 27 .
- the fuel fed into the common rail 26 is fed through each fuel tube 25 into the fuel injectors 3 .
- the electronic control unit 30 is comprised of a digital computer and is provided with a ROM (read only memory) 32 , RAM (random access memory) 33 , CPU (microprocessor) 34 , input port 35 , and output port 36 which are connected to each other by a bi-directional bus 31 .
- the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to a load sensor 41 generating an output voltage proportional to the amount of depression L of an accelerator pedal 40 .
- the output voltage of the load sensor 40 is input through a corresponding AD converter 37 to the input port 35 .
- the input port 35 is connected to a crank angle sensor 42 generating an output pulse each time the crankshaft rotates by for example 15°.
- the output port 36 is connected through a corresponding drive circuit 38 to the fuel injectors 3 , the step motor for driving the throttle valve 9 , the actuators 17 , 19 for actuating the first exhaust control valve 18 and the second exhaust control valve 20 , respectively, the reducing agent feed valve 21 , EGR control valve 23 and the fuel pump 27 .
- This NO x storage catalyst 15 is comprised of a substrate on which for example a catalyst carrier comprised of alumina is carried.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the cross-section of the surface part of this catalyst carrier 45 .
- the catalyst carrier 45 carries a precious metal catalyst 46 diffused on the surface.
- the catalyst carrier 45 is formed with a layer of an NO x absorbent 47 on its surface.
- the precious metal catalyst 46 platinum Pt is used.
- the ingredient forming the NO x absorbent 47 for example, at least one element selected from potassium K, sodium Na, cesium Cs, and other such alkali metals, barium Ba, calcium Ca, and other such alkali earths, lanthanum La, yttrium Y, and other rare earths is used.
- the ratio of the air and fuel (hydrocarbons) fed into the engine intake passage, combustion chamber 2 , and exhaust passage upstream of the NO x storage catalyst 15 is called the “air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas”
- an NO x absorption and release action such that the NO x absorbent 47 absorbs the NO x when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean and releases the absorbed NO x when the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas falls is performed.
- the reducing agent feed valve 21 feeds the reducing agent to make the exhaust gas a rich air-fuel ratio or stoichiometric air-fuel ratio
- the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas falls, so the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction (NO 3 ⁇ ⁇ NO 2 ), therefore the nitrate ions NO 3 ⁇ in the NO x absorbent 47 are released in the form of NO 2 from the NO x absorbent 47 .
- the released NO x is reduced by the unburned HC and CO contained in the exhaust gas.
- the NO x in the exhaust gas is absorbed in the NO x absorbent 47 .
- the NO x absorbent 47 eventually ends up becoming saturated in NO x absorption ability, therefore the NO x absorbent 47 ends up becoming unable to absorb the NO x . Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, before the NO x absorbent 47 becomes saturated in absorption ability, the reducing agent is fed from the reducing agent feed valve 21 to make the exhaust gas temporarily rich air-fuel ratio and thereby make the NO x absorbent 47 release the NO x .
- the NO x amount NOXA stored per unit time in the NO x storage catalyst 15 is stored as a function of the required torque TQ and engine speed N in the form of a map shown in FIG. 4(A) , and the NO x amount ⁇ NOX stored in the NO x storage catalyst 15 is calculated by cumulatively adding this NO x amount NOXA.
- the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO x storage catalyst 15 is temporarily made rich and thereby the NO x is released from the NO x storage catalyst 15 .
- the exhaust gas contains SO x , that is, SO 2 . If this SO 2 flows into the NO x storage catalyst 15 , this SO 2 is oxidized on the platinum Pt 46 and becomes SO 3 . Next, this SO 3 is absorbed in the NO x absorbent 47 , bonds with the barium oxide BaO, is diffused in the form of sulfate ions SO 4 2 ⁇ in the NO x absorbent 47 , and forms stable sulfate BaSO 4 .
- the NO x absorbent 47 has a strong basicity, so this sulfate BaSO 4 is stable and hard to break down. If just making the exhaust gas rich air-fuel ratio, the sulfate BaSO 4 remains as is without breaking down. Therefore, in the NO x absorbent 47 , the sulfate BaSO 4 increases along with the elapse of time, therefore the NO x amount which the NO x absorbent 47 can absorb falls along with the elapse of time.
- the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is arranged upstream of the NO x storage catalyst 15 to trap the SO x contained in the exhaust gas by this main SO x trap catalyst 11 and thereby prevent SO x from flowing into the NO x storage catalyst 15 .
- this main SO x trap catalyst 11 will be explained.
- This main SO x trap catalyst 11 is comprised of for example a monolithic catalyst having a honeycomb construction and has a plurality of exhaust gas flow passages extending straight in the axial direction of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates the cross-section of the surface part of a substrate 50 of this main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- the substrate 50 is formed with a coat layer 51 on its surface.
- This coat layer 51 carries a precious metal catalyst 52 diffused on its surface.
- the precious metal catalyst 52 platinum is used.
- the ingredient forming the coat layer 51 for example, at least one element selected from potassium K, sodium Na, cesium Cs, and other such alkali metals, barium Ba, calcium Ca, and other such alkali earths, lanthanum La, yttrium Y, and other rare earths is used. That is, the coat layer 51 of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 exhibits a strong basicity.
- the SO x contained in the exhaust gas that is, SO 2
- the platinum Pt 52 as shown in FIG. 3
- the SO 2 diffuses in the form of sulfate ions SO 4 2 ⁇ in the coat layer 51 to form a sulfate.
- the coat layer 51 exhibits a strong basicity. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 , part of the SO 2 contained in the exhaust gas is directly trapped in the coat layer 51 .
- the shading in the coat layer 51 shows the concentration of the trapped SO x .
- the SO x concentration in the coat layer 51 is highest near the surface of the coat layer 51 . The further in, the lower it becomes. If the SO x concentration near the surface of the coat layer 51 increases, the surface of the coat layer 66 weakens in basicity and the SO x trap ability weakens.
- the SO x trap rate if the ratio of the amount of the SO x trapped in the main SO x trap catalyst 11 to the amount of the SO x in the exhaust gas is called the “SO x trap rate”, if the basicity of the surface of the coat layer 51 is weakened, the SO x trap rate falls along with that.
- a temperature raising control for raising the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 under a lean or rich exhaust gas air-fuel ratio is performed and thereby the SO x trap rate is restored.
- the SO x present concentrated near the surface of the coat layer 51 diffuses toward the deep part of the coat layer 51 so that the concentration becomes uniform. That is, the nitrates formed in the coat layer 51 change from an unstable state where they concentrate near the surface of the coat layer 51 to the stable state where they are diffused evenly across the entire inside of the coat layer 51 . If the SO x present near the surface of the coat layer 51 diffuses toward the deep part of the coat layer 51 , the SO x concentration near the surface of the coat layer 51 falls. Therefore, when the temperature raising control of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 has ended, the SO x trap rate is restored.
- the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is about 450° C. when performing the temperature raising control of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , it is possible to make the SOX present near the surface of the coat layer 51 diffuse in the coat layer 51 . If raising the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 51 to 600° C. or so, the SO x concentration in the coat layer 51 can be made considerably even. Therefore, at the time of temperature raising control of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , it is preferable to raise the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 to 600° C. or so under a lean air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas.
- the SO x amount trapped by the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is estimated.
- the SO x amount trapped by the main SO x trap catalyst 11 exceeds a predetermined amount, it is judged that the SO x trap rate has fallen below the predetermined rate.
- the temperature raising control of raising the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 under a lean air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is performed.
- the amount of SO x contained in the exhaust gas that is, the amount of SO x trapped by the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , is proportional to the amount of fuel injection.
- the amount of fuel injection is a function of the required torque and engine speed. Therefore, the amount of SO x trapped by the main SO x trap catalyst 11 becomes a function of the required torque and engine speed.
- the SO x amount SOXA trapped per unit time in the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is stored as a function of the required torque TQ and engine speed N in the form of a map shown in FIG. 4(B) in advance in the ROM 32 .
- the relationship of the SO x amount ⁇ SOX and the predetermined SO x amount SO(n) when the main SO x trap catalyst 11 should be raised in temperature is stored in advance.
- the temperature raising treatment is performed to raise the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- n indicates what number time the temperature raising treatment is.
- the predetermined amount SO(n) is increased.
- the rate of increase of this predetermined amount SO(n) is reduced the greater the number of times n of treatment. That is, the rate of increase of SO( 3 ) with respect to SO( 2 ) is reduced from the rate of increase of SO( 2 ) with respect to SO( 1 ).
- the temperature T of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is raised to 600° C. or so and is maintained at 600° C. or so under a lean air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas. Note that in this embodiment, at the time of temperature raising control, hydrocarbons if fed from the hydrocarbon supply valve 21 and the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is raised by the heat of oxidation reaction of the hydrocarbons.
- the main SO x trap catalyst 11 ends up releasing SO x . Therefore, in this embodiment, at the time of temperature raising control, the exhaust gas is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio. However, when the SO x concentration near the surface of the coat layer 51 becomes high, even if the exhaust gas is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio, the main SO x trap catalyst 11 ends up releasing SO x when the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is raised in temperature. Therefore, at this time, to prevent the SO x from flowing into the NO x storage catalyst 15 , the first exhaust control valve 18 is closed and the second exhaust control valve 20 is opened. That is, as shown in FIG. 5 , at the time of the temperature raising control of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , the exhaust passage is switched from the main exhaust passage 13 to the bypass passage 14 .
- an auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is arranged inside the main exhaust passage 13 upstream of the NO x storage catalyst 15 .
- This auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 has a structure similar to the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- a coat layer 51 is formed on the surface of the catalyst carrier 50 .
- a precious metal catalyst 52 is carried and dispersed on the surface of this coat layer 51 .
- platinum is used as the precious metal catalyst 52 , and, as the ingredient forming the coat layer 51 , at least one element selected from for example potassium K, sodium Na, cesium Cs, or another such alkali metal, barium Ba, calcium Ca, or another such alkali earth, lanthanum La, yttrium Y, or another such rare earth is used.
- this auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is never regenerated like the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- This auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is made to perform an SO x trapping action permanently. Therefore, in this embodiment according to the present invention, the basicity of the coat layer 51 of the auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is made stronger than the basicity of the coat layer 51 of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 . Therefore, the auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 is made higher in SO x holding capacity compared with the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- the NO x amount NOXA stored in the NO x storage catalyst 15 per unit time is calculated from the map shown in FIG. 4(A) .
- this NOXA is added to the NO x amount ⁇ NOX stored in the NOX storage catalyst 15 .
- the routine proceeds to step 63 where the rich processing of switching the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO x storage catalyst 15 temporarily from lean to rich by the reducing agent supplied from the reducing agent supply valve 21 is performed and the ⁇ NOX is cleared.
- the first exhaust control valve 18 is opened, and the second exhaust control valve 20 is closed. That is, the exhaust gas flows through the main exhaust passage 13 .
- the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is not raised in temperature, so usually SO x is never exhausted from the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , but if at this time the main SO x trap catalyst 11 were to release SO x , this SO x would be trapped in the auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 11 . Therefore, at the time of NO x release control, the SO x never flows into the NO x storage catalyst 15 .
- the SO x amount SOXA stored in the main SO x trap catalyst 11 per unit time is calculated from the map shown in FIG. 4(B) .
- this SOXA is added to the SO x amount ⁇ SOX trapped by the main SO x trap catalyst 11 .
- it is judged if the SO x amount ⁇ EOX reaches the predetermined amount SO(n) (n 1, 2, 3, . . . ) shown in FIG. 4(C) .
- the routine proceeds to step 67 where, as shown in FIG. 5 , the exhaust passage is switched from the main exhaust passage 13 to the bypass passage 14 .
- step 68 the regeneration control such that the temperature of the main SO x trap catalyst 11 is maintained at 600° C. or so under a lean air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is performed.
- the ⁇ SOX is clear, and the exhaust passage is again switched to the main exhaust passage 13 .
- the main SO x trap catalyst 11 when regenerating the main SO x trap catalyst 11 , it is also possible to make the exhaust gas a rich air-fuel ratio as shown by the broken line in FIG. 5 . At this time, as explained above, the main SO x trap catalyst 11 releases a large amount of SO x . This released large amount of SO x is fed into the bypass passage 14 . At this time as well, when SO x flows into the main exhaust passage 13 , this inflowing SO x is trapped at the auxiliary SO x trap catalyst 16 .
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- the main SO x trap catalyst 70 is comprised of a serially arranged SO x trap catalyst 71 and particulate filter 72 .
- the SO x trap catalyst 71 is also regenerated.
- the NO x storage catalyst can also be carried on the particulate filter 72 .
- FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- the main SO x trap catalyst 73 is comprised of an NO x storage catalyst.
- the temperature of the NO x storage catalyst 73 is raised up to 600° C. or more and the exhaust gas flowing into the NO x storage catalyst 73 is made a rich air-fuel ratio.
- SO x is released from the NO x storing catalyst 73 .
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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JP2007-043316 | 2007-02-23 | ||
JP2007043316A JP4665914B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2007-02-23 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
PCT/JP2008/053116 WO2008102895A1 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-02-18 | Exhaust emission purifying device for internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
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US20090151331A1 US20090151331A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
US8051647B2 true US8051647B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
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US12/226,522 Expired - Fee Related US8051647B2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-02-18 | Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US8051647B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2113645B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4665914B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101542082B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008102895A1 (en) |
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US20120060482A1 (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2012-03-15 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Particulate filter and hydrocarbon adsorber bypass systems |
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DE102014201390A1 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | exhaust aftertreatment arrangement |
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JP4840274B2 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2011-12-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Method for detecting sulfur concentration in fuel and oil |
US9238468B2 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2016-01-19 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for controlling exhaust flow through an aftertreatment device |
DE102014201077B4 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2023-02-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas cleaning system for selective catalytic reduction |
CN113107644B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-03-01 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Post-treatment system, desulfurization device thereof, control method and storage medium |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2008208718A (en) | 2008-09-11 |
EP2113645A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
US20090151331A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2113645B1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
WO2008102895A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
CN101542082B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
JP4665914B2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2113645A1 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
CN101542082A (en) | 2009-09-23 |
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