US7996247B1 - Insurance premium gap analysis - Google Patents

Insurance premium gap analysis Download PDF

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US7996247B1
US7996247B1 US12/141,758 US14175808A US7996247B1 US 7996247 B1 US7996247 B1 US 7996247B1 US 14175808 A US14175808 A US 14175808A US 7996247 B1 US7996247 B1 US 7996247B1
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zip code
insurance
premium
total
automobile
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Larry Shigeo Kobori
Wynee Chai-Wei Lin
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Allstate Insurance Co
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Allstate Insurance Co
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Priority to US13/175,490 priority patent/US8352295B1/en
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Priority to US13/705,755 priority patent/US9704199B1/en
Priority to US15/595,344 priority patent/US10657601B1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/08Insurance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/02Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/12Accounting

Definitions

  • the present invention provides methods and systems for determining insurance premium opportunities in various markets. More particularly, the invention provides a method of determining the amount of premium needed to improve market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria.
  • Benchmarking provides information that is useful to identify opportunities and establish targets and goals.
  • benchmarking information in the insurance industry utilizes historical aggregated data at a state level for use in analysis of an insurance provider's performance as compared to industry competitors.
  • state level data results in suboptimal planning as it does not provide sufficient detail to analyze or distinguish areas within each state which may provide future opportunities.
  • a state may have a total premium of several billions of dollars but eighty percent of that total premium may be located in just a few cities or municipalities located within that state.
  • the overall state number though useful, does not provide sufficient information to develop future goals targeted to specific geographic regions within a state.
  • the present invention is directed to providing a method of determining the amount of premium needed to improve market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria.
  • information relating to the automobile insurance industry may be reported to a third-party benchmarking company such that data concerning the industry may be calculated on a state level.
  • a third-party benchmarking company such that data concerning the industry may be calculated on a state level.
  • Such historical industry data may be useful for benchmarking and future planning purposes.
  • A.M. Best Company collects information from insurance providers and provides suppliers of such information aggregate data which includes historical total state premiums for the automobile insurance industry.
  • state level data may be separated and placed on a zip code level providing information for smaller geographic regions.
  • the zip code level data may be used to forecast future premiums.
  • the underlying zip codes for the selected geographic region may be determined.
  • the use of zip codes enables users to target specific areas to increase market share and grow revenue. Placing the information on a zip code level may enable users to determine which markets are growing and/or where users may have greater opportunity. This enables marketing and agency activity to be targeted to the area.
  • state level data may be separated and placed on a PUMA level.
  • an insurance company's market share may be compared to a state's overall market.
  • the state's overall market along with the insurance company's share may be calculated and displayed on a zip code level.
  • the number of corresponding automobile insurance quotes needed to be generated in order to obtain a corresponding number of new policies may be calculated.
  • the additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a specific market share in each zip code may be calculated.
  • a s nationwide premium may be calculated using demographic and expenditure data from U.S. Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a computer system that may be used to implement aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in Table 1 an estimated total premium growth rate for a State X and a State Y, and in Table 2 the application of the annual growth rates determined in Table 1 to 2005 total premium for State X.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in Table 3 a calculation of s nationwide premium for State X on a zip code level, and in Table 4 the annual growth rate for State X on a zip code level.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates in Table 5 a calculation of s nationwide premium for each of years 2006 to 2011 for State X on a zip code level, and in Table 6 a calculation of state level adjustment factor for each of years 2006 to 2011.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in Table 7 the adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance for year 2006.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates in Table 8 the data for an insurance provider having illustrative 2006 data.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates in Table 9 the calculated market share for an insurance provider on a s nationwide level.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates in Table 10 the calculated year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratios on a zip code level.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates in Table 11 an estimation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a state's average market share in each zip code.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates in Table 12 a calculation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to obtain a sixteen percent market share in two zip codes.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates in Tables 13 and 14 examples of a single report for users which can include many different user selected categories.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates in Tables 15 and 16 further examples of a single report for users.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates in Table 17 a calculation of the ratio of automobile owning households to total households in 2006, and in Table 18 a calculation of the total estimated expenditure on vehicle insurance for the years of 2006 and 2011.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a computer system that may be used to implement aspects of the invention.
  • a plurality of computers such as research workstations 102 and 104 , may be coupled to user computers 112 , 114 , and 116 via networks 108 and 118 .
  • User computer 112 may be coupled to a data solutions transaction manager computer 110 , which is described in detail below.
  • User computers 112 , 114 , and 116 provide decision makers with a user interface for displaying information regarding performance such as market share and enable users to interact with data solutions transaction manager computer 110 .
  • Data gathering system 120 may include a processor, memory and other conventional computer components and may be programmed with computer-executable instructions to communicate with other computer devices. Data gathering system 120 may access original primary survey data 134 and external sources of information, such as information vendors 122 , 124 and 126 via the Internet 128 . Information vendors may include federal or state agencies that provide census type information and/or other geographical type data such as maps.
  • ACS American Community Survey
  • PUMA Public Use Micro-data Area
  • PUMAs represent special non-overlapping areas that partition a state.
  • a PUMA represents an area which may include all or part of several zip codes.
  • the United States may be divided up and represented by 2,071 PUMAs.
  • Data solutions transaction manager 110 may be programmed with computer-executable instructions to receive requests for data from user computers 112 , 114 and 116 and research workstations 102 and 104 , format the requests and transmit the requests to data gathering system 120 .
  • requests for data are in the form of documents that are in extensible markup language (XML) format.
  • Data solutions transaction manager 110 may also be coupled to a data manager computer device 130 that accesses customer data stored in a data repository 132 .
  • all data gathered on a customer or potential customer is stored in data repository 132 so that when additional requests are made for the same data, the data may quickly be obtained without requesting it from information vendors 122 , 124 and 126 .
  • Data repository 132 may be implemented with a group of networked server computers or other storage devices.
  • Users or decision makers may be provided with a user interface on user computers 112 , 114 and 116 for displaying interactive maps to enable users to display target markets by zip code for increasing automobile policies in a target geographic region.
  • the user or decision maker may select and run various reports to obtain benchmarking or performance type information.
  • One or more of the computer devices and terminals shown in FIG. 1 may include a variety of interface units and drives for reading and writing data or files.
  • networks 108 , 118 and 128 are for illustration purposes and may be replaced with fewer or additional computer networks.
  • One or more networks may be in the form of a local area network (LAN) that has one or more of the well-known LAN topologies and may use a variety of different protocols, such as Ethernet.
  • One or more of the networks may be in the form of a wide area network (WAN), such as the Internet.
  • Computer devices and other devices may be connected to one or more of the networks via twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves or other media.
  • network should be broadly interpreted to include not only systems in which remote storage devices are coupled together via one or more communication paths, but also stand-alone devices that may be coupled, from time to time, to such systems that have storage capability. Consequently, the term “network” includes not only a “physical network” but also a “content network,” which is comprised of the data—attributable to a single entity—which resides across all physical networks.
  • the present invention includes methods and systems for determining insurance premium opportunities in various markets. More particularly, the invention provides a method of determining the amount of automobile premium needed to increase market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria.
  • the following detailed description is not intended to be limited to just automobile insurance but may encompass other insurance industry products including but not limited to homeowners insurance, condominium insurance, renters insurance, scheduled personal property insurance, business umbrella insurance, commercial insurance, motorcycle insurance, boat insurance, recreational vehicle insurance, and flood insurance.
  • other insurance products that may benefit from various aspects of the invention include term insurance, whole life insurance, universal life insurance (UL), and single-premium life insurance (SPL).
  • UL universal life insurance
  • SPL single-premium life insurance
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an estimated annual premium growth rate in Table 1 202 for a State X 204 and a State Y 206 .
  • a projection may be made for total industry premiums based on historical data and information received from other parties such as field product managers.
  • growth rates for each state may be different and may change significantly from year-to-year.
  • growth rates may be periodically updated for each state on a scheduled or unscheduled basis.
  • a projection may be made for years 2006 through 2011 208 for the total industry premium in a State X 204 based on historical data supplied from an information supplier.
  • 2005 is the latest premium information available from the information source on a state level.
  • years 2006 through 2011 208 represent future forecasts of automobile premiums.
  • the annual premium growth rate for a State X 204 in year 2006 and 2007 may be 0.37 percent 210 .
  • the annual premium growth rate for State X 204 in years 2008 through 2011 may increase to 2.27 percent 212 .
  • Table 1 202 also illustrates an exemplary premium growth rate for State Y 206 which in this embodiment is different than the premium growth rate of State X 204 .
  • State X 204 through an exemplary embodiment.
  • those skilled in the art will realize that the results may vary depending upon the rounding convention used in the below described calculations and associated figures.
  • Table 2 214 illustrates the application of the annual growth rates determined in Table 1 202 to the received 2005 total premium 216 for State X 204 .
  • FIGS. 2 to 13 The variables used in the above and later described equations are shown in corresponding FIGS. 2 to 13 .
  • the above projected s nationwide automobile industry premiums 218 for years 2006 through 2011 218 are displayed in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a calculation of s nationwide premium for State X 204 on a zip code level in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
  • the calculation may be made on a PUMA level.
  • the calculation of s nationwide premium for State X may use demographic information available from the U.S. Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics. For example, Table 3 302 of FIG. 3 may estimate the total expenditure on automobile insurance in a zip code (or PUMA) by multiplying the number of households (HH) in the zip code (or PUMA) with an average expenditure on vehicle insurance in that zip code (or PUMA).
  • the estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance 305 in State X 204 for zip code xxxxx 303 may be calculated as the number households in a particular year 304 times the average household expenditure on vehicle insurance spent 306 in that same year. Therefore for 2006, the average household expenditure on vehicle insurance equals $26,128,579 308 .
  • the 2006 estimated total expenditures on vehicle insurance 310 in State X 204 may be calculated using the formula:
  • the 2011 estimated total expenditures on vehicle insurance 312 in State X 204 may be calculated using the formula:
  • an annual growth rate for each zip code may be calculated assuming constant or variable growth by year.
  • the constant annual growth rate for each zip code may be calculated as follows:
  • Table 4 314 of FIG. 3 shows that for zip code xxxxx, the annual growth rate between years 2006 and 2011 may be 1.7 percent 316 . Using this growth rate per zip code, an estimated expenditure on vehicle insurance may be calculated by applying the constant growth factor shown in Table 4 314 .
  • the total estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance per zip code may be calculated and summed up to determine a state total industry premium for years 2007 through 2011.
  • Table 5 402 of FIG. 4 illustrates calculating expenditure on vehicle insurance per zip code from 2007 to 2011 as follows:
  • the estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance per zip code may be summed to determine a total industry premium as illustrated in y 1 and y 2 ( FIG. 4 , Table 5) for years 2006 and 2011.
  • Table 2 214 may be reconciled with the s nationwide automobile premium calculated in Table 5 402 of FIG. 4 .
  • a state level adjustment factor 406 may be calculated for each of years 2006 to 2011.
  • the state level adjustment factor 406 may be different each year and may change for each state.
  • the state level adjustment factor 406 may be applied to results shown in Table 5 402 so that it matches the total premium calculation in Table 2 214 .
  • y 1 and y 2 are the sums of the computation at the zip code level.
  • the calculated adjustment factor for 2006 may be 0.97 408 as further shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the calculated adjustment factor 408 may be applied to individual zip codes to calculate an adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in Table 7 502 the adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance for year 2006.
  • the adjustment factor may be applied to each of the additional future years 2007 through 2011.
  • FIG. 6 includes Table 8 602 which provides data for an insurance provider having illustrative 2006 data.
  • a s nationwide market share may be calculated in accordance with an aspect of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates in Table 9 702 the calculated market share for an insurance provider on a s nationwide level.
  • the s nationwide market share may be calculated as follows:
  • the s nationwide market share for the displayed insurance provider may be equal to 12.97% 704 .
  • a year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratio may be calculated. This ratio may enable sales teams to determine the number of quotes needed to obtain a certain sales goal.
  • the year-to-date automobile sales-to-quote ratio ff ( FIG. 8 , Table 10) may be calculated by taking an insurance provider's year-to-date new automobile policy sales n 2 divided by year-to-date new automobile policy quotes n 3 .
  • FIG. 8 , Table 10 802 illustrates year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratios on a zip code level.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an estimation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a state's average market share in each zip code.
  • Table 11 902 of FIG. 9 shows on a zip code level the amount of additional premium 904 needed to achieve State X's 204 market share 704 .
  • Table 11 902 shows for State X 204 on a zip code level, the additional policies 906 and quotes 908 needed to achieve State X's 204 market share 704 on a zip code level.
  • the additional premium 904 , policies 906 , and quotes 908 needed may be calculated as follows:
  • the additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a specific market share in each zip code may be calculated. For example, if a sixteen percent market share is desired per zip code for a particular state, then the additional premium, policies and quotes needed to obtain this market share may be calculated.
  • FIG. 10 shows a Table 12 1002 which calculates additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to obtain a sixteen percent market share in two zip codes.
  • the above calculated values may be integrated into a single report for users as illustrated in FIG. 11 (Table 13 1102 , Table 14 1103 ) and FIG. 12 (Table 15 1202 , Table 16 1203 ).
  • the information may include a wealth of information including but not limited to the following:
  • large urban areas where a large percentage of households do not own automobiles may require some modifications to the above explained steps and/or calculations.
  • the Manhattan area of New York State includes a large percentage of households that do not own automobiles. In these areas, the following may be used to estimate the total market size at the zip code level.
  • a local market ratio for automobile-owning/total number of households may be used. For example, using a local market ratio of 0.7, if the ratio of actual automobile-owning/total number of households ⁇ 0.7, the calculation remains the same. However, in an alternative embodiment, if the ratio of actual automobile-owning households/total number of households ⁇ 0.7, the method may be amended to multiply the automobile owning household count and average household automobile insurance expenditure to estimate total expenditure in the zip code. As those skilled in the art will realize, the local market ratio of automobile-owning/total number of households used in the above example (0.7) is exemplary and may be changed based on the local market conditions in other embodiments of the invention.
  • the ratio of automobile owning households to total households may be calculated by zip code for New York State as shown in FIG. 13 , Table 17 1302 .
  • the household expenditure on automobile insurance may be multiplied with the automobile owning household count to calculate total industry premium in each zip code such a zip 001 1304 , zip 002 1306 , and zip 100 1307 .
  • the average household expenditure on automobile insurance multiplied by the total household count may provide the total industry premium in a particular zip code, such as zip 099 1308 .

Abstract

A method and apparatus for determining the amount of premium, policies, or quotations needed to improve market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria. The method comprises calculating a total estimated expenditure on insurance by zip code, an estimated market share for an insurance provider by zip code, a year-to-date sale-to-quote ratio by zip code, and finally the amount of premiums, policies, or quotations needed to achieve a market share in a zip code. The method and apparatus will also display or output demographic data, market data, insurance provider information, and calculated amounts of premiums, policies, or quotations needed to achieve a market share in a given zip code.

Description

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/952,984, filed Jul. 31, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods and systems for determining insurance premium opportunities in various markets. More particularly, the invention provides a method of determining the amount of premium needed to improve market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria.
BACKGROUND
Benchmarking provides information that is useful to identify opportunities and establish targets and goals. Currently, benchmarking information in the insurance industry utilizes historical aggregated data at a state level for use in analysis of an insurance provider's performance as compared to industry competitors.
However, the use of such high level data, “state level data,” results in suboptimal planning as it does not provide sufficient detail to analyze or distinguish areas within each state which may provide future opportunities. For example, a state may have a total premium of several billions of dollars but eighty percent of that total premium may be located in just a few cities or municipalities located within that state. The overall state number, though useful, does not provide sufficient information to develop future goals targeted to specific geographic regions within a state.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method and system for allocating information pertaining to a large geographic region into smaller geographic regions so that future goals may be developed in strategic markets. The method and system must provide consistent and easily interpreted results.
SUMMARY
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. The following summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description provided below.
To overcome limitations in the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations that will be apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention is directed to providing a method of determining the amount of premium needed to improve market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria.
In an aspect of the invention, information relating to the automobile insurance industry may be reported to a third-party benchmarking company such that data concerning the industry may be calculated on a state level. Such historical industry data may be useful for benchmarking and future planning purposes. For example, A.M. Best Company collects information from insurance providers and provides suppliers of such information aggregate data which includes historical total state premiums for the automobile insurance industry.
In another aspect of the invention, state level data may be separated and placed on a zip code level providing information for smaller geographic regions. The zip code level data may be used to forecast future premiums. In an embodiment, based on user selection of a geographic region such as a state, the underlying zip codes for the selected geographic region may be determined. The use of zip codes enables users to target specific areas to increase market share and grow revenue. Placing the information on a zip code level may enable users to determine which markets are growing and/or where users may have greater opportunity. This enables marketing and agency activity to be targeted to the area. In another embodiment, state level data may be separated and placed on a PUMA level.
In another aspect of the invention, an insurance company's market share may be compared to a state's overall market. The state's overall market along with the insurance company's share may be calculated and displayed on a zip code level. In an embodiment, based on a user's inputted desired target market share per zip code, the number of corresponding automobile insurance quotes needed to be generated in order to obtain a corresponding number of new policies may be calculated.
In another aspect of the invention, the additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a specific market share in each zip code may be calculated.
In another aspect of the invention, large urban areas where a large percentage of households do not own automobiles may require some modifications to the above explained steps and/or calculations. In these areas, the following may be used to estimate the total market size at the zip code level. In an aspect of the invention, a statewide premium may be calculated using demographic and expenditure data from U.S. Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description in consideration of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a computer system that may be used to implement aspects of the invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates in Table 1 an estimated total premium growth rate for a State X and a State Y, and in Table 2 the application of the annual growth rates determined in Table 1 to 2005 total premium for State X.
FIG. 3 illustrates in Table 3 a calculation of statewide premium for State X on a zip code level, and in Table 4 the annual growth rate for State X on a zip code level.
FIG. 4 illustrates in Table 5 a calculation of statewide premium for each of years 2006 to 2011 for State X on a zip code level, and in Table 6 a calculation of state level adjustment factor for each of years 2006 to 2011.
FIG. 5 illustrates in Table 7 the adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance for year 2006.
FIG. 6 illustrates in Table 8 the data for an insurance provider having illustrative 2006 data.
FIG. 7 illustrates in Table 9 the calculated market share for an insurance provider on a statewide level.
FIG. 8 illustrates in Table 10 the calculated year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratios on a zip code level.
FIG. 9 illustrates in Table 11 an estimation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a state's average market share in each zip code.
FIG. 10 illustrates in Table 12 a calculation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to obtain a sixteen percent market share in two zip codes.
FIG. 11 illustrates in Tables 13 and 14 examples of a single report for users which can include many different user selected categories.
FIG. 12 illustrates in Tables 15 and 16 further examples of a single report for users.
FIG. 13 illustrates in Table 17 a calculation of the ratio of automobile owning households to total households in 2006, and in Table 18 a calculation of the total estimated expenditure on vehicle insurance for the years of 2006 and 2011.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following description of the various embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Exemplary Operating Environment
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a computer system that may be used to implement aspects of the invention. A plurality of computers, such as research workstations 102 and 104, may be coupled to user computers 112, 114, and 116 via networks 108 and 118. User computer 112 may be coupled to a data solutions transaction manager computer 110, which is described in detail below. User computers 112, 114, and 116 provide decision makers with a user interface for displaying information regarding performance such as market share and enable users to interact with data solutions transaction manager computer 110.
User computers 112, 114 and 116 and research workstations 102 and 104 may require information from external data sources to assist in evaluation of market share or other industry benchmarks. Requests for such information may be transmitted via data solutions transaction manager computer 110 to a data gathering system 120. Data gathering system 120 may include a processor, memory and other conventional computer components and may be programmed with computer-executable instructions to communicate with other computer devices. Data gathering system 120 may access original primary survey data 134 and external sources of information, such as information vendors 122, 124 and 126 via the Internet 128. Information vendors may include federal or state agencies that provide census type information and/or other geographical type data such as maps.
An exemplary information vendor or source that may provide data on population and housing characteristics within the United States is the American Community Survey (ACS). ACS is an official survey of the U.S. Census Bureau. ACS data is organized by a new census geography called a Public Use Micro-data Area (PUMA). Those skilled in the art will recognize the ability to calculate estimates and forecasts of population and housing characteristics of each PUMA, state, and the country. PUMAs represent special non-overlapping areas that partition a state. In general, a PUMA represents an area which may include all or part of several zip codes. In an embodiment, the United States may be divided up and represented by 2,071 PUMAs.
Data solutions transaction manager 110 may be programmed with computer-executable instructions to receive requests for data from user computers 112, 114 and 116 and research workstations 102 and 104, format the requests and transmit the requests to data gathering system 120. In one embodiment of the invention, requests for data are in the form of documents that are in extensible markup language (XML) format. Data solutions transaction manager 110 may also be coupled to a data manager computer device 130 that accesses customer data stored in a data repository 132. In one embodiment of the invention, all data gathered on a customer or potential customer is stored in data repository 132 so that when additional requests are made for the same data, the data may quickly be obtained without requesting it from information vendors 122, 124 and 126. Data repository 132 may be implemented with a group of networked server computers or other storage devices.
Users or decision makers may be provided with a user interface on user computers 112, 114 and 116 for displaying interactive maps to enable users to display target markets by zip code for increasing automobile policies in a target geographic region. The user or decision maker may select and run various reports to obtain benchmarking or performance type information.
One or more of the computer devices and terminals shown in FIG. 1 may include a variety of interface units and drives for reading and writing data or files. One skilled in the art will appreciate that networks 108, 118 and 128 are for illustration purposes and may be replaced with fewer or additional computer networks. One or more networks may be in the form of a local area network (LAN) that has one or more of the well-known LAN topologies and may use a variety of different protocols, such as Ethernet. One or more of the networks may be in the form of a wide area network (WAN), such as the Internet. Computer devices and other devices may be connected to one or more of the networks via twisted pair wires, coaxial cable, fiber optics, radio waves or other media.
The term “network” as used herein and depicted in the drawings should be broadly interpreted to include not only systems in which remote storage devices are coupled together via one or more communication paths, but also stand-alone devices that may be coupled, from time to time, to such systems that have storage capability. Consequently, the term “network” includes not only a “physical network” but also a “content network,” which is comprised of the data—attributable to a single entity—which resides across all physical networks.
Exemplary Embodiments
The present invention includes methods and systems for determining insurance premium opportunities in various markets. More particularly, the invention provides a method of determining the amount of automobile premium needed to increase market share in various geographic locations based on user selected criteria. Those skilled in the art will realize that the following detailed description is not intended to be limited to just automobile insurance but may encompass other insurance industry products including but not limited to homeowners insurance, condominium insurance, renters insurance, scheduled personal property insurance, business umbrella insurance, commercial insurance, motorcycle insurance, boat insurance, recreational vehicle insurance, and flood insurance. Furthermore, other insurance products that may benefit from various aspects of the invention include term insurance, whole life insurance, universal life insurance (UL), and single-premium life insurance (SPL). Those skilled in the art will realize that use of automobile premiums in the following exemplary embodiments are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
FIG. 2 illustrates an estimated annual premium growth rate in Table 1 202 for a State X 204 and a State Y 206. In an aspect of the invention, a projection may be made for total industry premiums based on historical data and information received from other parties such as field product managers. Those skilled in the art will realize that growth rates for each state may be different and may change significantly from year-to-year. In addition, growth rates may be periodically updated for each state on a scheduled or unscheduled basis.
For example, a projection may be made for years 2006 through 2011 208 for the total industry premium in a State X 204 based on historical data supplied from an information supplier. In this exemplary embodiment, 2005 is the latest premium information available from the information source on a state level. Furthermore, in the following exemplary embodiment, years 2006 through 2011 208 represent future forecasts of automobile premiums.
In Table 1 202, the annual premium growth rate for a State X 204 in year 2006 and 2007 may be 0.37 percent 210. Moreover, the annual premium growth rate for State X 204 in years 2008 through 2011 may increase to 2.27 percent 212. Table 1 202 also illustrates an exemplary premium growth rate for State Y 206 which in this embodiment is different than the premium growth rate of State X 204. For simplification purposes the following discussion will follow State X 204 through an exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will realize that the results may vary depending upon the rounding convention used in the below described calculations and associated figures.
In FIG. 2, Table 2 214 illustrates the application of the annual growth rates determined in Table 1 202 to the received 2005 total premium 216 for State X 204. For instance, the state-wide auto industry premium for State X 204 in years 2006 through 2011 218 may be calculated as follows:
Statewide Projected 2006 Auto Premium, State X=(1+a)*g=h=$5,727,646,529
Statewide Projected 2007 Auto Premium, State X=(1+b)*h=i=$5,748,683,038
Statewide Projected 2008 Auto Premium, State X=(1+c)*i=j=$5,879,214,070
Statewide Projected 2009 Auto Premium, State X=(1+d)*j=k=$6,012,708,972
Statewide Projected 2010 Auto Premium, State X=(1+e)*k=l=$6,149,235,042
Statewide Projected 2011 Auto Premium, State X=(1+f)*l=m=$6,288,861,107
The variables used in the above and later described equations are shown in corresponding FIGS. 2 to 13. The above projected statewide automobile industry premiums 218 for years 2006 through 2011 218 are displayed in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 illustrates a calculation of statewide premium for State X 204 on a zip code level in accordance with an aspect of the invention. In another embodiment, the calculation may be made on a PUMA level. The calculation of statewide premium for State X may use demographic information available from the U.S. Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics. For example, Table 3 302 of FIG. 3 may estimate the total expenditure on automobile insurance in a zip code (or PUMA) by multiplying the number of households (HH) in the zip code (or PUMA) with an average expenditure on vehicle insurance in that zip code (or PUMA). For instance, the total estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance for a zip code xxxxx 303 may be calculated as follows:
2006 estimated expenditure on Vehicle Insurance in zip code xxxxx=(n)*(o)=(n2)
2011 estimated expenditure on Vehicle Insurance in zip code xxxxx=(n1)*(o1)=(o2)
As an example, the estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance 305 in State X 204 for zip code xxxxx 303 may be calculated as the number households in a particular year 304 times the average household expenditure on vehicle insurance spent 306 in that same year. Therefore for 2006, the average household expenditure on vehicle insurance equals $26,128,579 308.
The 2006 estimated total expenditures on vehicle insurance 310 in State X 204 may be calculated using the formula:
zip 5 , state X vehicle expenditure 2006 = y 1 = $5 , 910 , 104 , 450
Similarly, the 2011 estimated total expenditures on vehicle insurance 312 in State X 204 may be calculated using the formula:
zip 5 , state X vehicle expenditure 2011 = y 2 = $6 , 270 , 098 , 773
In Table 4 314 of FIG. 3, an annual growth rate for each zip code may be calculated assuming constant or variable growth by year. The constant annual growth rate for each zip code may be calculated as follows:
Annual Growth Rate , zip yyyyy = q 1 p 1 5 - 1 = 7.2 % ( r1 ) Annual Growth Rate , zip xxxxx = q p 5 - 1 = 1.7 % ( r )
For example, Table 4 314 of FIG. 3 shows that for zip code xxxxx, the annual growth rate between years 2006 and 2011 may be 1.7 percent 316. Using this growth rate per zip code, an estimated expenditure on vehicle insurance may be calculated by applying the constant growth factor shown in Table 4 314.
The total estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance per zip code may be calculated and summed up to determine a state total industry premium for years 2007 through 2011. For example, Table 5 402 of FIG. 4 illustrates calculating expenditure on vehicle insurance per zip code from 2007 to 2011 as follows:
(Note: “r” first appears in FIG. 3, Table 4)
2007 Total Industry Premium in Zip Code xxxxx s×(1+r)=$26,575,397(t)
2008 Total Industry Premium in Zip Code xxxxx t×(1+r)=$27,029,855(u)
2009 Total Industry Premium in Zip Code xxxxx u×(1+r)=$27,492,086(v)
2010 Total Industry Premium in Zip Code xxxxx v×(1+r)=$27,962,221(w)
2011 Total Industry Premium in Zip Code xxxxx w×(1+r)=$28,440,395(w1)
The estimated expenditures on vehicle insurance per zip code may be summed to determine a total industry premium as illustrated in y1 and y2 (FIG. 4, Table 5) for years 2006 and 2011.
In Table 6 404 of FIG. 4, the statewide automobile premium calculated in FIG. 2,
Table 2 214 may be reconciled with the statewide automobile premium calculated in Table 5 402 of FIG. 4. In particular, a state level adjustment factor 406 may be calculated for each of years 2006 to 2011. The state level adjustment factor 406 may be different each year and may change for each state. The state level adjustment factor 406 may be applied to results shown in Table 5 402 so that it matches the total premium calculation in Table 2 214.
The adjustment factor 406 for each year may be calculated as follows:
Adjustment Factor, 2006=h/y1=z
Adjustment Factor, 2011=m/y2=z1
Where y1 and y2 are the sums of the computation at the zip code level. For example, the calculated adjustment factor for 2006 may be 0.97 408 as further shown in FIG. 4.
In an aspect of the invention, the calculated adjustment factor 408 may be applied to individual zip codes to calculate an adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates in Table 7 502 the adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance for year 2006. The adjustment factor may be applied to each of the additional future years 2007 through 2011. The adjusted total household expenditure and average household expenditure for automobile insurance per zip code may be calculated as follows:
Adjusted Expenditure on Vehicle Insurance, 2006=Total Number of HH, 2006*Ave HH Vehicle Insurance Expenditure, 2006*Adjustment Factor
Adjusted Expenditure on Vehicle Insurance, 2006=n*o*z=aa
Current Average HH Auto Premium=aa/n=aab
Next, the market share for an insurance provider may be calculated at a zip code level. Each insurance provider may utilize their specific policy data to determine their portion of market share. For example, FIG. 6 includes Table 8 602 which provides data for an insurance provider having illustrative 2006 data. As may be seen in Table 8 602, an insurance provider market share may be calculated as follows:
Insurance Provider's Market Share=Provider's Auto Insurance Annualized written premium/Total Adjusted Expenditure on Vehicle Insurance
Insurance Provider Market Share=bb/aa=cc
A statewide market share may be calculated in accordance with an aspect of the invention. For instance, FIG. 7 illustrates in Table 9 702 the calculated market share for an insurance provider on a statewide level. The statewide market share may be calculated as follows:
zip , state X Provider Auto Premium = dd Mkt Share in State X = ee = dd ÷ h = 12.97 %
As shown in FIG. 7, the statewide market share for the displayed insurance provider may be equal to 12.97% 704.
In another aspect of the invention, a year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratio may be calculated. This ratio may enable sales teams to determine the number of quotes needed to obtain a certain sales goal. For instance, the year-to-date automobile sales-to-quote ratio ff (FIG. 8, Table 10) may be calculated by taking an insurance provider's year-to-date new automobile policy sales n2 divided by year-to-date new automobile policy quotes n3. FIG. 8, Table 10 802 illustrates year-to-date automobile sale-to-quote ratios on a zip code level.
Year-to-Date Automobile Sales-to-Quote Ratio=Provider's Auto Insurance Year-to-Date Policy Sales/Year-to-Date Auto Policy Quotes
Sales-to-Quote Ratio=n2/n3=ff
FIG. 9 illustrates an estimation of additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a state's average market share in each zip code. For instance, Table 11 902 of FIG. 9 shows on a zip code level the amount of additional premium 904 needed to achieve State X's 204 market share 704. In addition, Table 11 902 shows for State X 204 on a zip code level, the additional policies 906 and quotes 908 needed to achieve State X's 204 market share 704 on a zip code level. The additional premium 904, policies 906, and quotes 908 needed may be calculated as follows:
Note: “ee” first appears in FIG. 7, “aa” first appears in FIG. 6
If cc≧ee, gg=0, hh=0, ii=0
If cc<ee, gg=(ee−ccaa
hh=gg/jj, ii=hh/ff
For zip xxxxx
∵14.61%>12.97%
∴gg=0=hh=ii
For Zip yyyyy
∵4.43%<12.97%
gg=(12.97%−4.43%)×15,444,344=1,318,951
Add'l policies to achieve state mkt share
hh=1,318,951÷1,424=926
Add'l quotes to achieve state mkt share
ii=926÷34.6%=2675
The results for State X 204 and State Y 206 are shown in Table 11 902 of FIG. 9.
In another aspect of the invention, the additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to achieve a specific market share in each zip code may be calculated. For example, if a sixteen percent market share is desired per zip code for a particular state, then the additional premium, policies and quotes needed to obtain this market share may be calculated. FIG. 10 shows a Table 12 1002 which calculates additional premium, policies, and quotes needed to obtain a sixteen percent market share in two zip codes. The additional premium, policies, and quotes needed may be calculated as follows:
For zip xxxxx,
∵Desired MktShare=16%>14.61%
kk=(16%−14.61%)×25,321,932=351,794
ll=kk/jj=351,794÷1,500=235
mm=ll÷ff=235÷24.6%=955
For zip yyyyy,
∵Desired Mkt Share=16%>4.43%
kk=(16%−4.43%)×15,444,344=1,787,532
ll=kk/jj=1,787,532÷1424=1255
mm=ll/ff=1255/34.6%=3625
In another aspect of the invention, the above calculated values may be integrated into a single report for users as illustrated in FIG. 11 (Table 13 1102, Table 14 1103) and FIG. 12 (Table 15 1202, Table 16 1203). The information may include a wealth of information including but not limited to the following:
Demographic Data
Zip Code
Town Name
County Name
Households
Auto Owning HH
Market Data
Current Avg HH Auto
Premium
A.M. Best Statewide total
premium
Total Auto Market
Premium
at zip code level
Insurance Provider Matrix & Analytics
State Level Market Share
Total Auto Premium
Auto HH Counts
Auto Policy Counts
Avg. Auto HH Premium
Avg. Auto Pol Premium
Zip Code Level Market Share
Exclusive Agent Counts
Independent Agent Count
Agency Deployment Index
Average Quarterly Auto
Quotes
YTD Sale-to-Quote Ratio
Calculated Fields based on Demographic, Total Market,
and Insurer's Matrix & Analytics
Additional Premium to achieve
state average market share
Additional Policies to achieve
state average market share
Additional Quotes to achieve
state average market share
Interactive Fields based on User's Input on
desired market share
Additional Premium to achieve
desired market share
Additional Policies to achieve
desired market share
Additional Quotes to achieve
desired market share
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, large urban areas where a large percentage of households do not own automobiles may require some modifications to the above explained steps and/or calculations. For example, the Manhattan area of New York State includes a large percentage of households that do not own automobiles. In these areas, the following may be used to estimate the total market size at the zip code level.
In an embodiment, a local market ratio for automobile-owning/total number of households may be used. For example, using a local market ratio of 0.7, if the ratio of actual automobile-owning/total number of households≧0.7, the calculation remains the same. However, in an alternative embodiment, if the ratio of actual automobile-owning households/total number of households<0.7, the method may be amended to multiply the automobile owning household count and average household automobile insurance expenditure to estimate total expenditure in the zip code. As those skilled in the art will realize, the local market ratio of automobile-owning/total number of households used in the above example (0.7) is exemplary and may be changed based on the local market conditions in other embodiments of the invention.
Next, the ratio of automobile owning households to total households may be calculated by zip code for New York State as shown in FIG. 13, Table 17 1302. Finally, the household expenditure on automobile insurance may be multiplied with the automobile owning household count to calculate total industry premium in each zip code such a zip001 1304, zip002 1306, and zip100 1307. The average household expenditure on automobile insurance multiplied by the total household count may provide the total industry premium in a particular zip code, such as zip099 1308. For instance, for zip codes zip001 1304, zip002 1306, and zip100 1307 have a ratio of automobile-owning households/total Number of households<0.7, (Table 18 1303 of FIG. 13) and therefore:
oo<70%∴ss=qq×rr, yy=ww×xx
Zip099 1308 has an automobile-owning/total number of households>0.7 and therefore:
∵zz≦70%∴dd1=aa1×cc1,hh1=ee1×gg1
The total New York State automobile industry premium may be calculated for 2006 as follows:
Σtotal vehicle expenditure=jj1=$7,123,233,090
The total New York State automobile industry premium may be calculated for 2011 as follows:
Σtotal vehicle expenditure=kk1=$7,590,958,464
While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus comprising:
(a) a display;
(b) a memory; and
(c) a processor coupled to the memory and programmed with computer-executable instructions for performing steps comprising:
(i) calculating the total estimated expenditure on insurance by zip code, the total expenditure on insurance by zip code calculated by:
A. if ratio of automobile owning households to total number of households is greater than a local market ratio, then the total estimated expenditures on insurance by zip code is equal to total number of households times average household expenditures on automobile insurance; and
B. if ratio of automobile owning households to total number of households is less than the local market ratio, then the total estimated expenditures on insurance by zip code is equal to total number of automobile owning households times average household expenditures on automobile insurance;
(ii) calculating an estimated market share for an insurance provider by zip code;
(iii) receiving a desired market share for the insurance provider by zip code;
(iv) calculating a year-to-date sale-to-quote ratio by zip code; and
(v) calculating the amount of premiums, policies, or quotations needed to achieve the desired market share in the zip code.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the local market ratio is 0.7.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to display demographic data, market data, insurance provider information, and the amount of premiums, policies, or quotations needed to achieve the market share in the zip code.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the information displayed is in a report format.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the demographic data includes data organized by zip code, the demographic data comprising a town name, a county name, an amount of households, and an amount of automobile owning households.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the market data includes a current average household premium by zip code, a statewide total premium, and a total insurance premium by zip code.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the insurance provider information includes a State level market share, a total insurance premium, a household count, a policy count, an average household premiums, an average policy premium, a zip code level market share, an exclusive agent count, an independent agent count, an agency deployment index, an average of quarterly quotations, and a year-to-date sale-to-quote ratio.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the insurance premium is automobile insurance premium.
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