US7630748B2 - Method and system for providing analyte monitoring - Google Patents

Method and system for providing analyte monitoring Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US7630748B2
US7630748B2 US11/552,935 US55293506A US7630748B2 US 7630748 B2 US7630748 B2 US 7630748B2 US 55293506 A US55293506 A US 55293506A US 7630748 B2 US7630748 B2 US 7630748B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
signal
dropout
estimate
noise
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active, expires
Application number
US11/552,935
Other versions
US20080119708A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin S. Budiman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
Original Assignee
Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abbott Diabetes Care Inc filed Critical Abbott Diabetes Care Inc
Priority to US11/552,935 priority Critical patent/US7630748B2/en
Assigned to ABBOTT DIABETES CARE, INC. reassignment ABBOTT DIABETES CARE, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUDIMAN, ERWIN S., MR.
Priority to CA2667930A priority patent/CA2667930C/en
Priority to PCT/US2007/082382 priority patent/WO2008052057A2/en
Priority to EP07854382A priority patent/EP2114241A4/en
Publication of US20080119708A1 publication Critical patent/US20080119708A1/en
Priority to US12/238,874 priority patent/US8211016B2/en
Priority to US12/506,227 priority patent/US8216137B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7630748B2 publication Critical patent/US7630748B2/en
Priority to US13/544,946 priority patent/US9113828B2/en
Priority to US14/077,004 priority patent/US20140066736A1/en
Priority to US14/833,058 priority patent/US9814428B2/en
Priority to US15/334,274 priority patent/US20170042456A1/en
Priority to US15/808,919 priority patent/US10194868B2/en
Priority to US16/264,747 priority patent/US11282603B2/en
Priority to US17/699,734 priority patent/US20220208371A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/63ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/002Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0022Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14503Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14546Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1468Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • A61B5/1473Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1486Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16ZINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1468Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients

Definitions

  • Analyte e.g., glucose monitoring systems including continuous and discrete monitoring systems generally include a small, lightweight battery powered and microprocessor controlled system which is configured to detect signals proportional to the corresponding measured glucose levels using an electrometer, and RF signals to transmit the collected data.
  • One aspect of certain analyte monitoring systems include a transcutaneous or subcutaneous analyte sensor configuration which is, for example, partially mounted on the skin of a subject whose analyte level is to be monitored.
  • the sensor cell may use a two or three-electrode (work, reference and counter electrodes) configuration driven by a controlled potential (potentiostat) analog circuit connected through a contact system.
  • the analyte sensor may be configured so that a portion thereof is placed under the skin of the patient so as to detect the analyte levels of the patient, and another segment of the analyte sensor that is in communication with the transmitter unit.
  • the transmitter unit is configured to transmit the analyte levels detected by the sensor over a wireless communication link such as an RF (radio frequency) communication link to a receiver/monitor unit.
  • the receiver/monitor unit performs data analysis, among others on the received analyte levels to generate information pertaining to the monitored analyte levels.
  • blood glucose measurements are obtained using, for example, a blood glucose meter, and the measured blood glucose values are used to calibrate the sensors. Due to a lag factor between the monitored sensor data and the measured blood glucose values, an error, or signal noise such as signal dropouts, is typically introduced in calibration using the monitored data as well as in computing the displayed glucose value. While correcting for the lag factors can minimize the error due to lag in the presence of noise, in the presence of signal dropouts, such error compensation may reduce accuracy of the monitored sensor data.
  • a method for minimizing the effect of noise and signal dropouts in a glucose sensor including monitoring a data stream, generating a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, determining a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimating a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout are disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a data monitoring and management system for practicing one or more embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the transmitter unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the receiver/monitor unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the process input estimation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the noise filtered estimation
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating signal dropout detection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an overall signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is flowchart illustrating a detailed signal dropout compensation determination of FIG. 9 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method and system for providing noise filtered and/or signal dropout mitigated processes for signals in analyte monitoring systems there are provided method and system for noise filtering, signal dropout detection, and signal dropout compensation to improve the accuracy of lag compensation.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a data monitoring and management system such as, for example, analyte (e.g., glucose) monitoring system 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • analyte e.g., glucose
  • the subject invention is further described primarily with respect to a glucose monitoring system for convenience and such description is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the analyte monitoring system may be configured to monitor a variety of analytes, e.g., lactate, and the like.
  • Analytes that may be monitored include, for example, acetyl choline, amylase, bilirubin, cholesterol, chorionic gonadotropin, creatine kinase (e.g., CK-MB), creatine, DNA, fructosamine, glucose, glutamine, growth hormones, hormones, ketones, lactate, peroxide, prostate-specific antigen, prothrombin, RNA, thyroid stimulating hormone, and troponin.
  • concentration of drugs such as, for example, antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, vancomycin, and the like), digitoxin, digoxin, drugs of abuse, theophylline, and warfarin, may also be monitored.
  • the analyte monitoring system 100 includes a sensor 101 , a transmitter unit 102 coupled to the sensor 101 , and a primary receiver unit 104 which is configured to communicate with the transmitter unit 102 via a communication link 103 .
  • the primary receiver unit 104 may be further configured to transmit data to a data processing terminal 105 for evaluating the data received by the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • the data processing terminal in one embodiment may be configured to receive data directly from the transmitter unit 102 via a communication link 106 which may optionally be configured for bi-directional communication.
  • a secondary receiver unit 106 which is operatively coupled to the communication link and configured to receive data transmitted from the transmitter unit 102 .
  • the secondary receiver unit 106 is configured to communicate with the primary receiver unit 104 as well as the data processing terminal 105 .
  • the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured for bi-directional wireless communication with each of the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105 .
  • the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured to include a limited number of functions and features as compared with the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured substantially in a smaller compact housing or embodied in a device such as a wrist watch, for example.
  • the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured with the same or substantially similar functionality as the primary receiver unit 104 , and may be configured to be used in conjunction with a docking cradle unit for placement by bedside, for night time monitoring, and/or bi-directional communication device.
  • the analyte monitoring system 100 may include one or more sensor 101 , transmitter unit 102 , communication link 103 , and data processing terminal 105 .
  • the analyte monitoring system 100 may be a continuous monitoring system, or semi-continuous, or a discrete monitoring system. In a multi-component environment, each device is configured to be uniquely identified by each of the other devices in the system so that communication conflict is readily resolved between the various components within the analyte monitoring system 100 .
  • the senor 101 is physically positioned in or on the body of a user whose analyte level is being monitored.
  • the sensor 101 may be configured to continuously sample the analyte level of the user and convert the sampled analyte level into a corresponding data signal for transmission by the transmitter unit 102 .
  • the transmitter unit 102 is mounted on the sensor 101 so that both devices are positioned on the user's body.
  • the transmitter unit 102 performs data processing such as filtering and encoding on data signals, each of which corresponds to a sampled analyte level of the user, for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104 via the communication link 103 .
  • the analyte monitoring system 100 is configured as a one-way RF communication path from the transmitter unit 102 to the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • the transmitter unit 102 transmits the sampled data signals received from the sensor 101 without acknowledgement from the primary receiver unit 104 that the transmitted sampled data signals have been received.
  • the transmitter unit 102 may be configured to transmit the encoded sampled data signals at a fixed rate (e.g., at one minute intervals) after the completion of the initial power on procedure.
  • the primary receiver unit 104 may be configured to detect such transmitted encoded sampled data signals at predetermined time intervals.
  • the analyte monitoring system 100 may be configured with a bi-directional RF (or otherwise) communication between the transmitter unit 102 and the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • the primary receiver unit 104 may include two sections.
  • the first section is an analog interface section that is configured to communicate with the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103 .
  • the analog interface section may include an RF receiver and an antenna for receiving and amplifying the data signals from the transmitter unit 102 , which are thereafter, demodulated with a local oscillator and filtered through a band-pass filter.
  • the second section of the primary receiver unit 104 is a data processing section which is configured to process the data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 such as by performing data decoding, error detection and correction, data clock generation, and data bit recovery.
  • the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to detect the presence of the transmitter unit 102 within its range based on, for example, the strength of the detected data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 or a predetermined transmitter identification information. Upon successful synchronization with the corresponding transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to begin receiving from the transmitter unit 102 data signals corresponding to the user's detected analyte level. More specifically, the primary receiver unit 104 in one embodiment is configured to perform synchronized time hopping with the corresponding synchronized transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103 to obtain the user's detected analyte level.
  • the data processing terminal 105 may include a personal computer, a portable computer such as a laptop or a handheld device (e.g., personal digital assistants (PDAs)), and the like, each of which may be configured for data communication with the receiver via a wired or a wireless connection. Additionally, the data processing terminal 105 may further be connected to a data network (not shown) for storing, retrieving and updating data corresponding to the detected analyte level of the user.
  • a data network not shown
  • the data processing terminal 105 may include an infusion device such as an insulin infusion pump or the like, which may be configured to administer insulin to patients, and which may be configured to communicate with the receiver unit 104 for receiving, among others, the measured analyte level.
  • the receiver unit 104 may be configured to integrate an infusion device therein so that the receiver unit 104 is configured to administer insulin therapy to patients, for example, for administering and modifying basal profiles, as well as for determining appropriate boluses for administration based on, among others, the detected analyte levels received from the transmitter unit 102 .
  • the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105 may each be configured for bi-directional wireless communication such that each of the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105 may be configured to communicate (that is, transmit data to and receive data from) with each other via the wireless communication link 103 . More specifically, the data processing terminal 105 may in one embodiment be configured to receive data directly from the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 106 , where the communication link 106 , as described above, may be configured for bidirectional communication.
  • the data processing terminal 105 which may include an insulin pump, may be configured to receive the analyte signals from the transmitter unit 102 , and thus, incorporate the functions of the receiver 103 including data processing for managing the patient's insulin therapy and analyte monitoring.
  • the communication link 103 may include one or more of an RF communication protocol, an infrared communication protocol, a Bluetooth enabled communication protocol, an 802.11x wireless communication protocol, or an equivalent wireless communication protocol which would allow secure, wireless communication of several units (for example, per HIPPA requirements) while avoiding potential data collision and interference.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the transmitter of the data monitoring and detection system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmitter unit 102 in one embodiment includes an analog interface 201 configured to communicate with the sensor 101 ( FIG. 1 ), a user input 202 , and a temperature detection section 203 , each of which is operatively coupled to a transmitter processor 204 such as a central processing unit (CPU).
  • a transmitter processor 204 such as a central processing unit (CPU).
  • CPU central processing unit
  • each of the work electrode (W) 210 , guard contact (G) 211 , reference electrode (R) 212 , and counter electrode (C) 213 may be made using a conductive material that is either printed or etched, for example, such as carbon which may be printed, or metal foil (e.g., gold) which may be etched.
  • a transmitter serial communication section 205 and an RF transmitter 206 are also operatively coupled to the transmitter processor 204 .
  • a power supply 207 such as a battery is also provided in the transmitter unit 102 to provide the necessary power for the transmitter unit 102 .
  • clock 208 is provided to, among others, supply real time information to the transmitter processor 204 .
  • a unidirectional input path is established from the sensor 101 ( FIG. 1 ) and/or manufacturing and testing equipment to the analog interface 201 of the transmitter unit 102 , while a unidirectional output is established from the output of the RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102 for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • a data path is shown in FIG. 2 between the aforementioned unidirectional input and output via a dedicated link 209 from the analog interface 201 to serial communication section 205 , thereafter to the processor 204 , and then to the RF transmitter 206 .
  • the transmitter unit 102 is configured to transmit to the primary receiver unit 104 ( FIG. 1 ), via the communication link 103 ( FIG.
  • the transmitter processor 204 is configured to transmit control signals to the various sections of the transmitter unit 102 during the operation of the transmitter unit 102 .
  • the transmitter processor 204 also includes a memory (not shown) for storing data such as the identification information for the transmitter unit 102 , as well as the data signals received from the sensor 101 . The stored information may be retrieved and processed for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104 under the control of the transmitter processor 204 .
  • the power supply 207 may include a commercially available battery.
  • the transmitter unit 102 is also configured such that the power supply section 207 is capable of providing power to the transmitter for a minimum of about three months of continuous operation after having been stored for about eighteen months in a low-power (non-operating) mode. In one embodiment, this may be achieved by the transmitter processor 204 operating in low power modes in the non-operating state, for example, drawing no more than approximately 1 ⁇ A of current. Indeed, in one embodiment, the final step during the manufacturing process of the transmitter unit 102 may place the transmitter unit 102 in the lower power, non-operating state (i.e., post-manufacture sleep mode). In this manner, the shelf life of the transmitter unit 102 may be significantly improved. Moreover, as shown in FIG.
  • the power supply unit 207 is shown as coupled to the processor 204 , and as such, the processor 204 is configured to provide control of the power supply unit 207 , it should be noted that within the scope of the present invention, the power supply unit 207 is configured to provide the necessary power to each of the components of the transmitter unit 102 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the power supply section 207 of the transmitter unit 102 in one embodiment may include a rechargeable battery unit that may be recharged by a separate power supply recharging unit (for example, provided in the receiver unit 104 ) so that the transmitter unit 102 may be powered for a longer period of usage time.
  • the transmitter unit 102 may be configured without a battery in the power supply section 207 , in which case the transmitter unit 102 may be configured to receive power from an external power supply source (for example, a battery) as discussed in further detail below.
  • an external power supply source for example, a battery
  • the temperature detection section 203 of the transmitter unit 102 is configured to monitor the temperature of the skin near the sensor insertion site. The temperature reading is used to adjust the analyte readings obtained from the analog interface 201 .
  • the RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102 may be configured for operation in the frequency band of 315 MHz to 322 MHz, for example, in the United States. Further, in one embodiment, the RF transmitter 206 is configured to modulate the carrier frequency by performing Frequency Shift Keying and Manchester encoding. In one embodiment, the data transmission rate is 19,200 symbols per second, with a minimum transmission range for communication with the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • a leak detection circuit 214 coupled to the guard electrode (G) 211 and the processor 204 in the transmitter unit 102 of the data monitoring and management system 100 .
  • the leak detection circuit 214 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to detect leakage current in the sensor 101 to determine whether the measured sensor data are corrupt or whether the measured data from the sensor 101 is accurate.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the receiver/monitor unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the primary receiver unit 104 includes a blood glucose test strip interface 301 , an RF receiver 302 , an input 303 , a temperature detection section 304 , and a clock 305 , each of which is operatively coupled to a receiver processor 307 .
  • the primary receiver unit 104 also includes a power supply 306 operatively coupled to a power conversion and monitoring section 308 . Further, the power conversion and monitoring section 308 is also coupled to the receiver processor 307 .
  • a receiver serial communication section 309 is also coupled to the receiver processor 307 .
  • an output 310 each operatively coupled to the receiver processor 307 .
  • the test strip interface 301 includes a glucose level testing portion to receive a manual insertion of a glucose test strip, and thereby determine and display the glucose level of the test strip on the output 310 of the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • This manual testing of glucose can be used to calibrate sensor 101 .
  • the RF receiver 302 is configured to communicate, via the communication link 103 ( FIG. 1 ) with the RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102 , to receive encoded data signals from the transmitter unit 102 for, among others, signal mixing, demodulation, and other data processing.
  • the input 303 of the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to allow the user to enter information into the primary receiver unit 104 as needed.
  • the input 303 may include one or more keys of a keypad, a touch-sensitive screen, or a voice-activated input command unit.
  • the temperature detection section 304 is configured to provide temperature information of the primary receiver unit 104 to the receiver processor 307 , while the clock 305 provides, among others, real time information to the receiver processor 307 .
  • Each of the various components of the primary receiver unit 104 shown in FIG. 3 is powered by the power supply 306 which, in one embodiment, includes a battery.
  • the power conversion and monitoring section 308 is configured to monitor the power usage by the various components in the primary receiver unit 104 for effective power management and to alert the user, for example, in the event of power usage which renders the primary receiver unit 104 in sub-optimal operating conditions.
  • An example of such sub-optimal operating condition may include, for example, operating the vibration output mode (as discussed below) for a period of time thus substantially draining the power supply 306 while the processor 307 (thus, the primary receiver unit 104 ) is turned on.
  • the power conversion and monitoring section 308 may additionally be configured to include a reverse polarity protection circuit such as a field effect transistor (FET) configured as a battery activated switch.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the serial communication section 309 in the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to provide a bi-directional communication path from the testing and/or manufacturing equipment for, among others, initialization, testing, and configuration of the primary receiver unit 104 .
  • Serial communication section 104 can also be used to upload data to a computer, such as time-stamped blood glucose data.
  • the communication link with an external device can be made, for example, by cable, infrared (IR) or RF link.
  • the output 310 of the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to provide, among others, a graphical user interface (GUI) such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) for displaying information.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the output 310 may also include an integrated speaker for outputting audible signals as well as to provide vibration output as commonly found in handheld electronic devices, such as mobile telephones presently available.
  • the primary receiver unit 104 also includes an electro-luminescent lamp configured to provide backlighting to the output 310 for output visual display in dark ambient surroundings.
  • the primary receiver unit 104 in one embodiment may also include a storage section such as a programmable, non-volatile memory device as part of the processor 307 , or provided separately in the primary receiver unit 104 , operatively coupled to the processor 307 .
  • the processor 307 is further configured to perform Manchester decoding as well as error detection and correction upon the encoded data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103 .
  • FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart illustrating the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • signals measured are received from, for example, the analyte sensor 101 ( FIG. 1 ) and are provided to the state observer 410 which in one embodiment may be configured to provide prior or past noise filtered estimate to a process input estimator 420 .
  • the process input estimator 420 may be configured to generate a process input estimate based on the prior or past noise filtered estimate of the received or measured signal ( 510 ), which is then provided to the state observer 410 .
  • the process input estimate at a predetermined time t may be based on past noise filtered estimate of the signal.
  • the state observer 410 may be configured to generate a noise filtered estimate of the measured or received signal based on the current measured or received signal and the process input estimate ( 520 ) received from the process input estimator 420 .
  • a noise filtered estimate of the signal at the latest time t may be determined.
  • this routine of generating the process input estimate based on the past noise filtered estimate of the received or measured signal, and generating the noise filtered estimate of the signal based on the current received or measured signal and the current determined or generated process input estimate may be repeated for each measurement signal received, for example, from the analyte sensor 101 ( FIG. 1 ). In this manner, in one aspect, the noise filtered signals corresponding to the measured or received sensor signals may be determined.
  • a dropout detector 430 may be configured to detect signal dropouts, and thereafter, detection of signal dropouts are provided to dropout compensator 440 .
  • the dropout detector 430 may be configured to generate a signal or notification associated with the detection of a signal dropout (as shown in FIG . 4 ). That is, in one embodiment and as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 8 , the dropout detector 430 may be configured to detect or estimate the presence or absence of signal dropouts at the predetermined time.
  • the dropout compensator 440 may be configured to generate an estimate of the noise filtered, dropout compensated signal ( 540 ) when the signal dropout is detected (for example, by the dropout detector 430 ), by subtracting the estimate of the current dropout signal source from the present noise filtered estimate of the signal.
  • the noise filtered signal dropout mitigated or compensated signal may be generated to improve accuracy of the measured or received signal from, for example, the analyte sensor 101 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the process input estimation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a mean component of the process input estimate u m (t) based on past noise filtered estimate of the signal is generated ( 610 ).
  • a series of five past noise-filtered estimate of the signal, x i (t ⁇ 5), x i (t ⁇ 4), x i (t ⁇ 3), x i (t ⁇ 2), x i (t ⁇ 1), the mean component of the process input estimate at time t, u m (t) may be determined by taking the unweighted average of these signals as shown by the following relationship:
  • u m ⁇ ( t ) x i ⁇ ( t - 5 ) + x i ⁇ ( t - 4 ) + x i ⁇ ( t - 3 ) + x i ⁇ ( t - 2 ) + x i ⁇ ( t - 1 ) 5 ( 1 )
  • the mean component of the process input estimate at time t may be determined by taking the weighted average of these signals as shown by the following relationship:
  • u m ⁇ ( t ) a 5 ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t - 5 ) + a 4 ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t - 4 ) + a 3 ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t - 3 ) + a 2 ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t - 2 ) + a 1 ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t - 1 ) a 5 + a 4 + a 3 + a 2 + a 1 ( 2 )
  • the mean component of the process input estimate at time t based on recent past data may be determined using filtering techniques, such as, but not limited to FIR filters.
  • the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, u d (t), may be generated ( 620 ) by, for example, taking an averaged difference of a series of noise-filtered estimate of the signal from the recent past.
  • an unweighted average of the last three past differences may be used in the following manner:
  • the difference gain at any time t, K d (t), is determined ( 630 ), for example, by using past noise-filtered estimate of the signal, x i , and/or the derived signals from x i .
  • a band-limited rate x i — bandRate and a band-limited acceleration x i — bandAcc may be determined at any time t, based solely on recent past values of x i .
  • a functional relationship may be determined to ascertain the value of the difference gain K d at any time t.
  • a lookup table can be constructed that determines the value of the difference gain K d given the values of x i — bandRate and x i — bandAcc as shown below:
  • K d ⁇ 2 if ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandRate > 0 ) & ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandAcc > 0 ) 1 if ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandRate > 0 ) & ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandAcc ⁇ 0 ) 1 if ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandRate ⁇ 0 ) & ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandAcc ⁇ 0 ) 0.5 if ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandRate ⁇ 0 ) & ⁇ ⁇ ( x i_bandAcc > 0 ) ( 4 )
  • the difference gain K d may be used to scale the contribution of the difference component of the process input estimate u d in the value of the process input estimate at a given time. For example, a relatively larger value of the difference gain K d may indicate a larger contribution of the difference component of the process input estimate u d in the value of the process input estimate at the particular time, and so on.
  • the lookup table may show the relationship between factors such as the band-limited rate x i — bandRate and the band-limited acceleration x i — bandAcc upon how much the difference component of the process input estimate u d should contribute to the process input estimate value.
  • the scaled difference component u ds (t) of the process input estimate may be determined ( 640 ) by multiplying the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, u d (t) by the difference gain at any time t, K d (t). Thereafter, the scaled difference component u ds (t) of the process input estimate may be added to the mean component of the process input estimate u m (t) to determine the current process input estimate value u(t) ( 650 ).
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the noise filtered estimation.
  • the state observer 410 may be configured to determine the estimate of noise-filtered signal at any time t, x i (t).
  • the state observer 410 may be configured to reduce the contribution of noise without introducing excessive undesirable distortion based on the estimate of process input signal at any time t, u(t), and the measured signals from the sensor z(t).
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating signal dropout detection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a present “fast rate” estimate x df (t) is determined based on present and past noise-filtered estimate of the signal ( 810 ).
  • a fast rate may be extracted from the difference signal x d (t) by performing high pass filtering on the difference signal x d (t).
  • a hpfD or the structure of the high pass filter may be determined in accordance with the suitable design configurations, for example, a value between zero and one.
  • a present “slow rate” estimate x ds (t) is determined based on present and past noise-filtered estimate of the signal ( 820 ).
  • the fast rate estimate x ds (t) After determining the slow rate estimate x ds (t), it is determined whether there is a beginning of a large negative spike in the fast rate estimate x df (t) ( 830 ). That is, referring to FIG. 8 , the start of a signal dropout state is determined which is correlated to a spike in the fast difference.
  • the fast difference does not generate a spike larger than a predetermined value in response to signals generated in the absence of dropouts. For example, adjusted to the units of glucose concentration, this may correspond to a fast rate in excess of ⁇ 3 mg/(dL min). Although a rate of ⁇ 3 mg/(dL min) or faster may be ascertained, when band pass filtered, the fast rate estimate x df (t) determined above does not occur in this range unless a signal dropout occurs.
  • the elapsed time period from the initial occurrence of the large negative spike is monitored ( 840 ), for example, by triggering a timer or a counter so as to monitor the elapsed time since the most recent signal dropout occurrence predicted estimate.
  • a safety check mechanism may be provided to determine situations where a signal dropout that was anticipated to have started has lasted in an undesirably long period of dropout time period. That is, as the signal dropouts are generally intermittent in nature, it is expected that the dropout does not last beyond the order of one hour, for example, and more commonly, in the order of five to 30 minutes.
  • a predetermined allowable time period has elapsed ( 850 ). As shown in FIG. 8 , if it is determined the allowable time period has not elapsed, then the beginning or onset of the signal dropout is estimated. On the other hand, if the predetermined allowable time period has elapsed, then the end of the signal dropout is estimated. Referring again to FIG. 8 , when the beginning of a large negative spike in the fast rate estimate x df (t) is not detected, it is determined whether an end of a large positive spike (for example, in the order of +3 mg/(dL min)) in the fast rate estimate x df (t) is detected ( 860 ).
  • a signal dropout is generally correlated to a large positive spike in the fast difference.
  • the tail of the large positive spike is monitored and detected as the end of the signal dropout. In one embodiment, this maximizes the likelihood of detecting most of the instances within a signal dropout.
  • the presence of signal dropout may be monitored and detected based on, for example, present and past noise filtered estimate of the signals.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an overall signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a momentum-based estimate is determined based on the present slow difference and previous momentum-based estimate ( 910 ). That is, with the present and past noise filtered estimate of the signal, the present and past slow and fast rate estimates determined as described above, and with the signal dropout detection estimation determined above, the momentum-based estimate is determined based on the present slow difference and previous momentum-based estimate. That is, in one embodiment, a momentum-based estimate may factor in a signal without dropouts as being likely to project (e.g., extrapolate) based on its past signal and its prior trend.
  • an averaged value of the present or current momentum-based estimate and the present noise filtered estimate is determined ( 920 ).
  • an inertial gain based on the present and past slow rate estimate is determined ( 930 ), and which may be configured to scale the contribution of the momentum-based estimate determined using the present slow different and the previous momentum based estimate above in the final dropout compensated gain.
  • a tracking gain is determined based on the inertial gain ( 940 ). In one embodiment, the determined tracking gain may be configured to scale the impact of the determined average value of the present momentum-based estimate and the present noise-filtered estimate, in the determination of the final dropout compensated signal ( 950 ) as discussed below.
  • the dropout compensated signal is determined ( 950 ).
  • the dropout-compensated signal equals the noise-filtered estimate of the signal x i , when no dropout is estimated.
  • the dropout compensated signal may be a weighted average of the momentum-based estimate (x momentum ) as discussed above and the averaged momentum and noise-filtered estimate (x average ) also discussed above.
  • the weighing factors for the weighted average of the momentum-based estimate (x momentum ) and the averaged momentum and noise-filtered estimate (x average ) may be the inertial gain K inertial and tracking gain K tracking , respectively.
  • the determination of the dropout compensated signal at any time t, x′ dci (t) may be refined to ensure a smooth transition depending upon the underlying conditions, as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 10 .
  • the dropout compensated signal may be clipped to be within a predetermined range ( 960 ), for example, such that the dropout compensated signal is not less than the noise-filtered signal, and further, that it is not greater than a specified safety ratio times the noise-filtered signal.
  • the resulting value of the dropout compensated signal x′ dci (t) may fall below the noise-filtered estimate x i (t). Since by definition, a dropout is a phenomena that can only reduce the true value of a signal, the relationship (8) above for determining the dropout compensated signal may be modified by ensuring that its value never goes below x i (t) at any given time, and as shown by the following expression:
  • x dci ⁇ ( t ) ⁇ x dci ′ ⁇ ( t ) for ⁇ ⁇ x dci ′ ⁇ ( t ) ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t ) x i ⁇ ( t ) for ⁇ ⁇ x dci ′ ⁇ ( t ) ⁇ x i ⁇ ( t ) ( 9 )
  • FIG. 10 is flowchart illustrating a detailed signal dropout compensation determination of FIG. 9 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dropout compensated signal may be based upon the present noise filtered signal.
  • the preset time period may be a predetermined time period that may be considered a long period of time.
  • the dropout compensated signal may be based upon a smooth transition using the previous dropout compensated signal and the present noise filtered signal.
  • the dropout compensated signal may be determined based on one or more factors as shown in the Figure and also described above.
  • the processings associated with the noise filtering, signal dropout detection estimation and compensation may be performed by one or more processing units of the one or more receiver unit ( 104 , 105 ) the transmitter unit 102 or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 .
  • the one or more of the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 , secondary receiver unit 105 , or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may also incorporate a blood glucose meter functionality, such that, the housing of the respective one or more of the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 , secondary receiver unit 105 , or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may include a test strip port configured to receive a blood sample for determining one or more blood glucose levels of the patient.
  • the one or more of the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 , secondary receiver unit 105 , or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may be configured to receive the blood glucose value wirelessly over a communication link from, for example, a glucose meter.
  • the user or patient manipulating or using the analyte monitoring system 100 may manually input the blood glucose value using, for example, a user interface (for example, a keyboard, keypad, and the like) incorporated in the one or more of the transmitter unit 102 , the primary receiver unit 104 , secondary receiver unit 105 , or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 .
  • a method in one embodiment includes monitoring a data stream, generating a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detecting a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimating a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
  • generating the noise filtered signal may include generating one or more frequency-shaped signals based on the monitored data stream, and further, which may include high pass filtering the monitored data stream.
  • generating the noise filtered signal in another aspect may be based on one or more previous noise filtered signals.
  • the method in a further embodiment may include outputting the noise filtered signal.
  • the method in still another aspect may include outputting the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
  • the method may also include generating a signal associated with detecting the presence of a signal dropout.
  • the data stream in one embodiment may be associated with a monitored analyte levels of a patient.
  • An apparatus in another embodiment includes one or more processors, and a memory for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to monitor a data stream, generate a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detect a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimate a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate one or more frequency-shaped signals based on the monitored data stream.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate the one or more frequency shaped signals by high pass filtering the monitored data stream.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate the noise filtered signal based on one or more previous noise filtered signals.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to output the noise filtered signal.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to output the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate a signal associated with detecting the presence of a signal dropout.
  • a system in accordance with still another embodiment may include an analyte sensor configured to monitor an analyte of a patient, a data processing section operatively coupled to the analyte sensor, the data processing section further including one or more processors, and a memory for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to monitor a data stream, generate a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detect a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimate a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
  • the data processing section may include a data transmission unit operatively coupled to one or more processors configured to transmit the data stream.
  • the data processing section may include a data receiving unit operatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to receive the data stream.
  • the analyte sensor may include a glucose sensor.
  • the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to store one or more of the data stream, the noise filtered signal, or the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
  • the various processes described above including the processes performed by the receiver unit 104 / 105 or transmitter unit 102 in the software application execution environment in the analyte monitoring system 100 including the processes and routines described in conjunction with FIGS. 5-10 , may be embodied as computer programs developed using an object oriented language that allows the modeling of complex systems with modular objects to create abstractions that are representative of real world, physical objects and their interrelationships.
  • the software required to carry out the inventive process which may be stored in the memory or storage unit of the receiver unit 104 / 105 or transmitter unit 102 may be developed by a person of ordinary skill in the art and may include one or more computer program products.

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses for determining an analyte value are disclosed.

Description

BACKGROUND
Analyte, e.g., glucose monitoring systems including continuous and discrete monitoring systems generally include a small, lightweight battery powered and microprocessor controlled system which is configured to detect signals proportional to the corresponding measured glucose levels using an electrometer, and RF signals to transmit the collected data. One aspect of certain analyte monitoring systems include a transcutaneous or subcutaneous analyte sensor configuration which is, for example, partially mounted on the skin of a subject whose analyte level is to be monitored. The sensor cell may use a two or three-electrode (work, reference and counter electrodes) configuration driven by a controlled potential (potentiostat) analog circuit connected through a contact system.
The analyte sensor may be configured so that a portion thereof is placed under the skin of the patient so as to detect the analyte levels of the patient, and another segment of the analyte sensor that is in communication with the transmitter unit. The transmitter unit is configured to transmit the analyte levels detected by the sensor over a wireless communication link such as an RF (radio frequency) communication link to a receiver/monitor unit. The receiver/monitor unit performs data analysis, among others on the received analyte levels to generate information pertaining to the monitored analyte levels.
To obtain accurate data from the analyte sensor, calibration using capillary blood glucose measurements is necessary. Typically, blood glucose measurements are obtained using, for example, a blood glucose meter, and the measured blood glucose values are used to calibrate the sensors. Due to a lag factor between the monitored sensor data and the measured blood glucose values, an error, or signal noise such as signal dropouts, is typically introduced in calibration using the monitored data as well as in computing the displayed glucose value. While correcting for the lag factors can minimize the error due to lag in the presence of noise, in the presence of signal dropouts, such error compensation may reduce accuracy of the monitored sensor data.
In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to have a method and system for providing noise filtering and signal dropout detection and/or compensation in data monitoring systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, a method for minimizing the effect of noise and signal dropouts in a glucose sensor including monitoring a data stream, generating a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, determining a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimating a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout are disclosed.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a data monitoring and management system for practicing one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the transmitter unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the receiver/monitor unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the process input estimation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the noise filtered estimation;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating signal dropout detection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an overall signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 is flowchart illustrating a detailed signal dropout compensation determination of FIG. 9 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As described in further detail below, in accordance with the various embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method and system for providing noise filtered and/or signal dropout mitigated processes for signals in analyte monitoring systems. In particular, within the scope of the present invention, there are provided method and system for noise filtering, signal dropout detection, and signal dropout compensation to improve the accuracy of lag compensation.
FIG. 1 illustrates a data monitoring and management system such as, for example, analyte (e.g., glucose) monitoring system 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The subject invention is further described primarily with respect to a glucose monitoring system for convenience and such description is in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the analyte monitoring system may be configured to monitor a variety of analytes, e.g., lactate, and the like.
Analytes that may be monitored include, for example, acetyl choline, amylase, bilirubin, cholesterol, chorionic gonadotropin, creatine kinase (e.g., CK-MB), creatine, DNA, fructosamine, glucose, glutamine, growth hormones, hormones, ketones, lactate, peroxide, prostate-specific antigen, prothrombin, RNA, thyroid stimulating hormone, and troponin. The concentration of drugs, such as, for example, antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, vancomycin, and the like), digitoxin, digoxin, drugs of abuse, theophylline, and warfarin, may also be monitored.
The analyte monitoring system 100 includes a sensor 101, a transmitter unit 102 coupled to the sensor 101, and a primary receiver unit 104 which is configured to communicate with the transmitter unit 102 via a communication link 103. The primary receiver unit 104 may be further configured to transmit data to a data processing terminal 105 for evaluating the data received by the primary receiver unit 104. Moreover, the data processing terminal in one embodiment may be configured to receive data directly from the transmitter unit 102 via a communication link 106 which may optionally be configured for bi-directional communication.
Also shown in FIG. 1 is a secondary receiver unit 106 which is operatively coupled to the communication link and configured to receive data transmitted from the transmitter unit 102. Moreover, as shown in the Figure, the secondary receiver unit 106 is configured to communicate with the primary receiver unit 104 as well as the data processing terminal 105. Indeed, the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured for bi-directional wireless communication with each of the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105. As discussed in further detail below, in one embodiment of the present invention, the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured to include a limited number of functions and features as compared with the primary receiver unit 104. As such, the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured substantially in a smaller compact housing or embodied in a device such as a wrist watch, for example. Alternatively, the secondary receiver unit 106 may be configured with the same or substantially similar functionality as the primary receiver unit 104, and may be configured to be used in conjunction with a docking cradle unit for placement by bedside, for night time monitoring, and/or bi-directional communication device.
Only one sensor 101, transmitter unit 102, communication link 103, and data processing terminal 105 are shown in the embodiment of the analyte monitoring system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the analyte monitoring system 100 may include one or more sensor 101, transmitter unit 102, communication link 103, and data processing terminal 105. Moreover, within the scope of the present invention, the analyte monitoring system 100 may be a continuous monitoring system, or semi-continuous, or a discrete monitoring system. In a multi-component environment, each device is configured to be uniquely identified by each of the other devices in the system so that communication conflict is readily resolved between the various components within the analyte monitoring system 100.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor 101 is physically positioned in or on the body of a user whose analyte level is being monitored. The sensor 101 may be configured to continuously sample the analyte level of the user and convert the sampled analyte level into a corresponding data signal for transmission by the transmitter unit 102. In one embodiment, the transmitter unit 102 is mounted on the sensor 101 so that both devices are positioned on the user's body. The transmitter unit 102 performs data processing such as filtering and encoding on data signals, each of which corresponds to a sampled analyte level of the user, for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104 via the communication link 103.
In one embodiment, the analyte monitoring system 100 is configured as a one-way RF communication path from the transmitter unit 102 to the primary receiver unit 104. In such embodiment, the transmitter unit 102 transmits the sampled data signals received from the sensor 101 without acknowledgement from the primary receiver unit 104 that the transmitted sampled data signals have been received. For example, the transmitter unit 102 may be configured to transmit the encoded sampled data signals at a fixed rate (e.g., at one minute intervals) after the completion of the initial power on procedure. Likewise, the primary receiver unit 104 may be configured to detect such transmitted encoded sampled data signals at predetermined time intervals. Alternatively, the analyte monitoring system 100 may be configured with a bi-directional RF (or otherwise) communication between the transmitter unit 102 and the primary receiver unit 104.
Additionally, in one aspect, the primary receiver unit 104 may include two sections. The first section is an analog interface section that is configured to communicate with the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103. In one embodiment, the analog interface section may include an RF receiver and an antenna for receiving and amplifying the data signals from the transmitter unit 102, which are thereafter, demodulated with a local oscillator and filtered through a band-pass filter. The second section of the primary receiver unit 104 is a data processing section which is configured to process the data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 such as by performing data decoding, error detection and correction, data clock generation, and data bit recovery.
In operation, upon completing the power-on procedure, the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to detect the presence of the transmitter unit 102 within its range based on, for example, the strength of the detected data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 or a predetermined transmitter identification information. Upon successful synchronization with the corresponding transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to begin receiving from the transmitter unit 102 data signals corresponding to the user's detected analyte level. More specifically, the primary receiver unit 104 in one embodiment is configured to perform synchronized time hopping with the corresponding synchronized transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103 to obtain the user's detected analyte level.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the data processing terminal 105 may include a personal computer, a portable computer such as a laptop or a handheld device (e.g., personal digital assistants (PDAs)), and the like, each of which may be configured for data communication with the receiver via a wired or a wireless connection. Additionally, the data processing terminal 105 may further be connected to a data network (not shown) for storing, retrieving and updating data corresponding to the detected analyte level of the user.
Within the scope of the present invention, the data processing terminal 105 may include an infusion device such as an insulin infusion pump or the like, which may be configured to administer insulin to patients, and which may be configured to communicate with the receiver unit 104 for receiving, among others, the measured analyte level. Alternatively, the receiver unit 104 may be configured to integrate an infusion device therein so that the receiver unit 104 is configured to administer insulin therapy to patients, for example, for administering and modifying basal profiles, as well as for determining appropriate boluses for administration based on, among others, the detected analyte levels received from the transmitter unit 102.
Additionally, the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105 may each be configured for bi-directional wireless communication such that each of the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104 and the data processing terminal 105 may be configured to communicate (that is, transmit data to and receive data from) with each other via the wireless communication link 103. More specifically, the data processing terminal 105 may in one embodiment be configured to receive data directly from the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 106, where the communication link 106, as described above, may be configured for bidirectional communication.
In this embodiment, the data processing terminal 105 which may include an insulin pump, may be configured to receive the analyte signals from the transmitter unit 102, and thus, incorporate the functions of the receiver 103 including data processing for managing the patient's insulin therapy and analyte monitoring. In one embodiment, the communication link 103 may include one or more of an RF communication protocol, an infrared communication protocol, a Bluetooth enabled communication protocol, an 802.11x wireless communication protocol, or an equivalent wireless communication protocol which would allow secure, wireless communication of several units (for example, per HIPPA requirements) while avoiding potential data collision and interference.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the transmitter of the data monitoring and detection system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the Figure, the transmitter unit 102 in one embodiment includes an analog interface 201 configured to communicate with the sensor 101 (FIG. 1), a user input 202, and a temperature detection section 203, each of which is operatively coupled to a transmitter processor 204 such as a central processing unit (CPU). As can be seen from FIG. 2, there are provided four contacts, three of which are electrodes - work electrode (W) 210, guard contact (G) 211, reference electrode (R) 212, and counter electrode (C) 213, each operatively coupled to the analog interface 201 of the transmitter unit 102 for connection to the sensor unit 201 (FIG. 1). In one embodiment, each of the work electrode (W) 210, guard contact (G) 211, reference electrode (R) 212, and counter electrode (C) 213 may be made using a conductive material that is either printed or etched, for example, such as carbon which may be printed, or metal foil (e.g., gold) which may be etched.
Further shown in FIG. 2 are a transmitter serial communication section 205 and an RF transmitter 206, each of which is also operatively coupled to the transmitter processor 204. Moreover, a power supply 207 such as a battery is also provided in the transmitter unit 102 to provide the necessary power for the transmitter unit 102. Additionally, as can be seen from the Figure, clock 208 is provided to, among others, supply real time information to the transmitter processor 204.
In one embodiment, a unidirectional input path is established from the sensor 101 (FIG. 1) and/or manufacturing and testing equipment to the analog interface 201 of the transmitter unit 102, while a unidirectional output is established from the output of the RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102 for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104. In this manner, a data path is shown in FIG. 2 between the aforementioned unidirectional input and output via a dedicated link 209 from the analog interface 201 to serial communication section 205, thereafter to the processor 204, and then to the RF transmitter 206. As such, in one embodiment, via the data path described above, the transmitter unit 102 is configured to transmit to the primary receiver unit 104 (FIG. 1), via the communication link 103 (FIG. 1), processed and encoded data signals received from the sensor 101 (FIG. 1). Additionally, the unidirectional communication data path between the analog interface 201 and the RF transmitter 206 discussed above allows for the configuration of the transmitter unit 102 for operation upon completion of the manufacturing process as well as for direct communication for diagnostic and testing purposes.
As discussed above, the transmitter processor 204 is configured to transmit control signals to the various sections of the transmitter unit 102 during the operation of the transmitter unit 102. In one embodiment, the transmitter processor 204 also includes a memory (not shown) for storing data such as the identification information for the transmitter unit 102, as well as the data signals received from the sensor 101. The stored information may be retrieved and processed for transmission to the primary receiver unit 104 under the control of the transmitter processor 204. Furthermore, the power supply 207 may include a commercially available battery.
The transmitter unit 102 is also configured such that the power supply section 207 is capable of providing power to the transmitter for a minimum of about three months of continuous operation after having been stored for about eighteen months in a low-power (non-operating) mode. In one embodiment, this may be achieved by the transmitter processor 204 operating in low power modes in the non-operating state, for example, drawing no more than approximately 1 μA of current. Indeed, in one embodiment, the final step during the manufacturing process of the transmitter unit 102 may place the transmitter unit 102 in the lower power, non-operating state (i.e., post-manufacture sleep mode). In this manner, the shelf life of the transmitter unit 102 may be significantly improved. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, while the power supply unit 207 is shown as coupled to the processor 204, and as such, the processor 204 is configured to provide control of the power supply unit 207, it should be noted that within the scope of the present invention, the power supply unit 207 is configured to provide the necessary power to each of the components of the transmitter unit 102 shown in FIG. 2.
Referring back to FIG. 2, the power supply section 207 of the transmitter unit 102 in one embodiment may include a rechargeable battery unit that may be recharged by a separate power supply recharging unit (for example, provided in the receiver unit 104) so that the transmitter unit 102 may be powered for a longer period of usage time. Moreover, in one embodiment, the transmitter unit 102 may be configured without a battery in the power supply section 207, in which case the transmitter unit 102 may be configured to receive power from an external power supply source (for example, a battery) as discussed in further detail below.
Referring yet again to FIG. 2, the temperature detection section 203 of the transmitter unit 102 is configured to monitor the temperature of the skin near the sensor insertion site. The temperature reading is used to adjust the analyte readings obtained from the analog interface 201. The RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102 may be configured for operation in the frequency band of 315 MHz to 322 MHz, for example, in the United States. Further, in one embodiment, the RF transmitter 206 is configured to modulate the carrier frequency by performing Frequency Shift Keying and Manchester encoding. In one embodiment, the data transmission rate is 19,200 symbols per second, with a minimum transmission range for communication with the primary receiver unit 104.
Referring yet again to FIG. 2, also shown is a leak detection circuit 214 coupled to the guard electrode (G) 211 and the processor 204 in the transmitter unit 102 of the data monitoring and management system 100. The leak detection circuit 214 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to detect leakage current in the sensor 101 to determine whether the measured sensor data are corrupt or whether the measured data from the sensor 101 is accurate.
Additional detailed description of the continuous analyte monitoring system, its various components including the functional descriptions of the transmitter are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,752 issued Jan. 16, 2001 entitled “Analyte Monitoring Device and Methods of Use”, and in application Ser. No. 10/745,878 filed Dec. 26, 2003 entitled “Continuous Glucose Monitoring System and Methods of Use”, each assigned to the Assignee of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the receiver/monitor unit of the data monitoring and management system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the primary receiver unit 104 includes a blood glucose test strip interface 301, an RF receiver 302, an input 303, a temperature detection section 304, and a clock 305, each of which is operatively coupled to a receiver processor 307. As can be further seen from the Figure, the primary receiver unit 104 also includes a power supply 306 operatively coupled to a power conversion and monitoring section 308. Further, the power conversion and monitoring section 308 is also coupled to the receiver processor 307. Moreover, also shown are a receiver serial communication section 309, and an output 310, each operatively coupled to the receiver processor 307.
In one embodiment, the test strip interface 301 includes a glucose level testing portion to receive a manual insertion of a glucose test strip, and thereby determine and display the glucose level of the test strip on the output 310 of the primary receiver unit 104. This manual testing of glucose can be used to calibrate sensor 101. The RF receiver 302 is configured to communicate, via the communication link 103 (FIG. 1) with the RF transmitter 206 of the transmitter unit 102, to receive encoded data signals from the transmitter unit 102 for, among others, signal mixing, demodulation, and other data processing. The input 303 of the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to allow the user to enter information into the primary receiver unit 104 as needed. In one aspect, the input 303 may include one or more keys of a keypad, a touch-sensitive screen, or a voice-activated input command unit. The temperature detection section 304 is configured to provide temperature information of the primary receiver unit 104 to the receiver processor 307, while the clock 305 provides, among others, real time information to the receiver processor 307.
Each of the various components of the primary receiver unit 104 shown in FIG. 3 is powered by the power supply 306 which, in one embodiment, includes a battery. Furthermore, the power conversion and monitoring section 308 is configured to monitor the power usage by the various components in the primary receiver unit 104 for effective power management and to alert the user, for example, in the event of power usage which renders the primary receiver unit 104 in sub-optimal operating conditions. An example of such sub-optimal operating condition may include, for example, operating the vibration output mode (as discussed below) for a period of time thus substantially draining the power supply 306 while the processor 307 (thus, the primary receiver unit 104) is turned on. Moreover, the power conversion and monitoring section 308 may additionally be configured to include a reverse polarity protection circuit such as a field effect transistor (FET) configured as a battery activated switch.
The serial communication section 309 in the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to provide a bi-directional communication path from the testing and/or manufacturing equipment for, among others, initialization, testing, and configuration of the primary receiver unit 104. Serial communication section 104 can also be used to upload data to a computer, such as time-stamped blood glucose data. The communication link with an external device (not shown) can be made, for example, by cable, infrared (IR) or RF link. The output 310 of the primary receiver unit 104 is configured to provide, among others, a graphical user interface (GUI) such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) for displaying information. Additionally, the output 310 may also include an integrated speaker for outputting audible signals as well as to provide vibration output as commonly found in handheld electronic devices, such as mobile telephones presently available. In a further embodiment, the primary receiver unit 104 also includes an electro-luminescent lamp configured to provide backlighting to the output 310 for output visual display in dark ambient surroundings.
Referring back to FIG. 3, the primary receiver unit 104 in one embodiment may also include a storage section such as a programmable, non-volatile memory device as part of the processor 307, or provided separately in the primary receiver unit 104, operatively coupled to the processor 307. The processor 307 is further configured to perform Manchester decoding as well as error detection and correction upon the encoded data signals received from the transmitter unit 102 via the communication link 103.
FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation, while FIG. 5 shows a flowchart illustrating the overall signal processing for noise filtering and signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the Figures, in one embodiment, signals measured are received from, for example, the analyte sensor 101 (FIG. 1) and are provided to the state observer 410 which in one embodiment may be configured to provide prior or past noise filtered estimate to a process input estimator 420.
In one embodiment, the process input estimator 420 may be configured to generate a process input estimate based on the prior or past noise filtered estimate of the received or measured signal (510), which is then provided to the state observer 410. In one aspect, and as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 6, the process input estimate at a predetermined time t may be based on past noise filtered estimate of the signal.
Thereafter, in one embodiment, the state observer 410 may be configured to generate a noise filtered estimate of the measured or received signal based on the current measured or received signal and the process input estimate (520) received from the process input estimator 420. In one embodiment and as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 7, using the real time process input and sensor measurement signals, a noise filtered estimate of the signal at the latest time t may be determined.
In one aspect, this routine of generating the process input estimate based on the past noise filtered estimate of the received or measured signal, and generating the noise filtered estimate of the signal based on the current received or measured signal and the current determined or generated process input estimate may be repeated for each measurement signal received, for example, from the analyte sensor 101 (FIG. 1). In this manner, in one aspect, the noise filtered signals corresponding to the measured or received sensor signals may be determined.
Referring back to FIGS. 4 and 5, in one embodiment, with the noise filtered estimate, the presence of signal dropouts are detected based on, for example, the current and past noise filtered estimate of the received or measured signal (530). More specifically, in one embodiment, a dropout detector 430 may be configured to detect signal dropouts, and thereafter, detection of signal dropouts are provided to dropout compensator 440. In one aspect, the dropout detector 430 may be configured to generate a signal or notification associated with the detection of a signal dropout (as shown in FIG .4). That is, in one embodiment and as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 8, the dropout detector 430 may be configured to detect or estimate the presence or absence of signal dropouts at the predetermined time.
In one embodiment, the dropout compensator 440 may be configured to generate an estimate of the noise filtered, dropout compensated signal (540) when the signal dropout is detected (for example, by the dropout detector 430), by subtracting the estimate of the current dropout signal source from the present noise filtered estimate of the signal. In this manner, and as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 9-10, in one embodiment of the present invention, the noise filtered signal dropout mitigated or compensated signal may be generated to improve accuracy of the measured or received signal from, for example, the analyte sensor 101 (FIG. 1).
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the process input estimation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, a mean component of the process input estimate um(t) based on past noise filtered estimate of the signal is generated (610). For example, in one embodiment, a series of five past noise-filtered estimate of the signal, xi(t−5), xi(t−4), xi(t−3), xi(t−2), xi(t−1), the mean component of the process input estimate at time t, um(t) may be determined by taking the unweighted average of these signals as shown by the following relationship:
u m ( t ) = x i ( t - 5 ) + x i ( t - 4 ) + x i ( t - 3 ) + x i ( t - 2 ) + x i ( t - 1 ) 5 ( 1 )
Alternatively, the mean component of the process input estimate at time t may be determined by taking the weighted average of these signals as shown by the following relationship:
u m ( t ) = a 5 x i ( t - 5 ) + a 4 x i ( t - 4 ) + a 3 x i ( t - 3 ) + a 2 x i ( t - 2 ) + a 1 x i ( t - 1 ) a 5 + a 4 + a 3 + a 2 + a 1 ( 2 )
where the determination of the constants a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, may be obtained based on empirical or analytical analysis of the analyte monitoring system.
In yet another embodiment, the mean component of the process input estimate at time t based on recent past data may be determined using filtering techniques, such as, but not limited to FIR filters.
Referring to FIG. 6, with the mean component of the process input estimate um(t) based on past noise filtered estimate of the signal determined, the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, ud(t), may be generated (620) by, for example, taking an averaged difference of a series of noise-filtered estimate of the signal from the recent past. In one aspect, an unweighted average of the last three past differences may be used in the following manner:
u d ( t ) = ( x i ( t - 4 ) - x i ( t - 3 ) ) + ( x i ( t - 3 ) - x i ( t - 2 ) ) + ( x i ( t - 2 ) - x i ( t - 1 ) ) 3 ( 3 )
Within the scope of the present invention, other approaches such as the use of FIR filter to determine the proper number of recent past values of xi as well as the weighting of each difference may be used.
Referring again to FIG. 6, after determining the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, ud(t), the difference gain at any time t, Kd(t), is determined (630), for example, by using past noise-filtered estimate of the signal, xi, and/or the derived signals from xi. For example, in one embodiment, a band-limited rate xi bandRate and a band-limited acceleration xi bandAcc may be determined at any time t, based solely on recent past values of xi. Using the knowledge of how the amount of ud would contribute to the total process input u at any time t relates to these two variables xi bandRate and xi bandAcc, a functional relationship may be determined to ascertain the value of the difference gain Kd at any time t.
Alternatively, a lookup table can be constructed that determines the value of the difference gain Kd given the values of xi bandRate and xi bandAcc as shown below:
K d = { 2 if ( x i_bandRate > 0 ) & ( x i_bandAcc > 0 ) 1 if ( x i_bandRate > 0 ) & ( x i_bandAcc 0 ) 1 if ( x i_bandRate 0 ) & ( x i_bandAcc 0 ) 0.5 if ( x i_bandRate 0 ) & ( x i_bandAcc > 0 ) ( 4 )
In one aspect, the difference gain Kd may be used to scale the contribution of the difference component of the process input estimate ud in the value of the process input estimate at a given time. For example, a relatively larger value of the difference gain Kd may indicate a larger contribution of the difference component of the process input estimate ud in the value of the process input estimate at the particular time, and so on. In this manner, in one aspect, the lookup table may show the relationship between factors such as the band-limited rate xi bandRate and the band-limited acceleration xi bandAcc upon how much the difference component of the process input estimate ud should contribute to the process input estimate value.
Referring again to FIG. 6, with the mean component of the process input estimate um(t), the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, ud(t), and the difference gain at any time t, Kd(t), the scaled difference component uds(t) of the process input estimate may be determined (640) by multiplying the difference component of the process input estimate at any time t, ud(t) by the difference gain at any time t, Kd(t). Thereafter, the scaled difference component uds(t) of the process input estimate may be added to the mean component of the process input estimate um(t) to determine the current process input estimate value u(t) (650).
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the noise filtered estimation. Referring to FIG. 7, with an estimate of process input signal at any time t, u(t), and based on the measured signals from the analyte sensor z(t), in addition to past estimates of the noise-filtered signal xi(t−1), xi(t−2), . . . , the state observer 410 (FIG. 4) may be configured to determine the estimate of noise-filtered signal at any time t, xi(t). In one aspect, the state observer 410 (FIG. 4) may be configured to reduce the contribution of noise without introducing excessive undesirable distortion based on the estimate of process input signal at any time t, u(t), and the measured signals from the sensor z(t).
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating signal dropout detection in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, a present “fast rate” estimate xdf(t) is determined based on present and past noise-filtered estimate of the signal (810). For example, a difference signal xd(t) may be determined based on the following expression:
x d(t)=x i(t)−x i(t−1)  (5)
Thereafter, a fast rate may be extracted from the difference signal xd(t) by performing high pass filtering on the difference signal xd(t). In one embodiment, a discrete-time realization of a first order high pass filter function may be used to determine the present “fast rate” estimate xdf(t):
x df(t)=a hpfD x df(t−1)+x d(t)−x d(t−1)  (6)
where the value of ahpfD, or the structure of the high pass filter may be determined in accordance with the suitable design configurations, for example, a value between zero and one.
Referring back to FIG. 8, after determining the “fast rate” estimate xdf(t), a present “slow rate” estimate xds(t) is determined based on present and past noise-filtered estimate of the signal (820). For example, in one embodiment, the slow rate estimate xds(t) may be determined by passing the simple difference through a low-pass filter, or alternatively, by taking the difference between the simple difference and the fast difference signals as shown, for example, by the following expression:
x ds(t)=x d(t)−x df(t)  (7)
After determining the slow rate estimate xds(t), it is determined whether there is a beginning of a large negative spike in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) (830). That is, referring to FIG. 8, the start of a signal dropout state is determined which is correlated to a spike in the fast difference. The fast difference does not generate a spike larger than a predetermined value in response to signals generated in the absence of dropouts. For example, adjusted to the units of glucose concentration, this may correspond to a fast rate in excess of −3 mg/(dL min). Although a rate of −3 mg/(dL min) or faster may be ascertained, when band pass filtered, the fast rate estimate xdf(t) determined above does not occur in this range unless a signal dropout occurs.
Referring back to FIG. 8, if the beginning of a large negative spike in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) is detected, then the elapsed time period from the initial occurrence of the large negative spike is monitored (840), for example, by triggering a timer or a counter so as to monitor the elapsed time since the most recent signal dropout occurrence predicted estimate. In this manner, a safety check mechanism may be provided to determine situations where a signal dropout that was anticipated to have started has lasted in an undesirably long period of dropout time period. That is, as the signal dropouts are generally intermittent in nature, it is expected that the dropout does not last beyond the order of one hour, for example, and more commonly, in the order of five to 30 minutes.
Thereafter, it is determined whether a predetermined allowable time period has elapsed (850). As shown in FIG. 8, if it is determined the allowable time period has not elapsed, then the beginning or onset of the signal dropout is estimated. On the other hand, if the predetermined allowable time period has elapsed, then the end of the signal dropout is estimated. Referring again to FIG. 8, when the beginning of a large negative spike in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) is not detected, it is determined whether an end of a large positive spike (for example, in the order of +3 mg/(dL min)) in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) is detected (860). If the end of the large positive spike in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) is detected, then the end of the signal dropout is estimated. On the other hand, if the end of the large positive spike in the fast rate estimate xdf(t) is not detected, then no signal dropout is estimated.
That is, a signal dropout is generally correlated to a large positive spike in the fast difference. Thus, in this case, the tail of the large positive spike is monitored and detected as the end of the signal dropout. In one embodiment, this maximizes the likelihood of detecting most of the instances within a signal dropout.
In this manner, in one embodiment of the present invention, the presence of signal dropout may be monitored and detected based on, for example, present and past noise filtered estimate of the signals.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an overall signal dropout compensation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 9, a momentum-based estimate is determined based on the present slow difference and previous momentum-based estimate (910). That is, with the present and past noise filtered estimate of the signal, the present and past slow and fast rate estimates determined as described above, and with the signal dropout detection estimation determined above, the momentum-based estimate is determined based on the present slow difference and previous momentum-based estimate. That is, in one embodiment, a momentum-based estimate may factor in a signal without dropouts as being likely to project (e.g., extrapolate) based on its past signal and its prior trend.
Referring back to FIG. 9, after determining the momentum based estimate using the present slow difference and prior momentum-based estimate, an averaged value of the present or current momentum-based estimate and the present noise filtered estimate is determined (920). Thereafter, an inertial gain based on the present and past slow rate estimate is determined (930), and which may be configured to scale the contribution of the momentum-based estimate determined using the present slow different and the previous momentum based estimate above in the final dropout compensated gain. Referring again to FIG. 9, after determining the inertial gain, a tracking gain is determined based on the inertial gain (940). In one embodiment, the determined tracking gain may be configured to scale the impact of the determined average value of the present momentum-based estimate and the present noise-filtered estimate, in the determination of the final dropout compensated signal (950) as discussed below.
Referring to FIG. 9, after determining the tracking gain, the dropout compensated signal is determined (950). In one embodiment, the dropout-compensated signal equals the noise-filtered estimate of the signal xi, when no dropout is estimated. Otherwise, the dropout compensated signal may be a weighted average of the momentum-based estimate (xmomentum) as discussed above and the averaged momentum and noise-filtered estimate (xaverage) also discussed above. In one aspect, the weighing factors for the weighted average of the momentum-based estimate (xmomentum) and the averaged momentum and noise-filtered estimate (xaverage) may be the inertial gain Kinertial and tracking gain Ktracking, respectively. For example, the dropout compensated signal at any time t, x′dci(t) in one embodiment may be determined in accordance with the following relationship:
x′ dci(t)=(K inertial(t)x momentum(t))+(K tracking(t)x average(t))  (8)
In a further embodiment, the determination of the dropout compensated signal at any time t, x′dci(t) may be refined to ensure a smooth transition depending upon the underlying conditions, as described in further detail below in conjunction with FIG. 10.
Referring back to FIG. 9, after determining the dropout compensated signal, the dropout compensated signal may be clipped to be within a predetermined range (960), for example, such that the dropout compensated signal is not less than the noise-filtered signal, and further, that it is not greater than a specified safety ratio times the noise-filtered signal.
In certain cases, the resulting value of the dropout compensated signal x′dci(t) may fall below the noise-filtered estimate xi(t). Since by definition, a dropout is a phenomena that can only reduce the true value of a signal, the relationship (8) above for determining the dropout compensated signal may be modified by ensuring that its value never goes below xi(t) at any given time, and as shown by the following expression:
x dci ( t ) = { x dci ( t ) for x dci ( t ) x i ( t ) x i ( t ) for x dci ( t ) < x i ( t ) ( 9 )
FIG. 10 is flowchart illustrating a detailed signal dropout compensation determination of FIG. 9 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, for example, in determining the drop-compensated signal, it is first determined whether signal dropout is detected. If signal dropout is not detected, then it is determined whether a preset time period has elapsed since the end of the last dropout occurrence. If it is determined that a preset time period has elapsed, then the dropout compensated signal may be based upon the present noise filtered signal. In one aspect, the preset time period may be a predetermined time period that may be considered a long period of time. On the other hand, if it is determined that the preset time period has not elapsed (that is, the end of the occurrence of a signal dropout has recently occurred), then the dropout compensated signal may be based upon a smooth transition using the previous dropout compensated signal and the present noise filtered signal.
Indeed, referring to FIG. 10, it can be seen that depending upon the determination of the timing of the signal dropout occurrence, in particular embodiments, the dropout compensated signal may be determined based on one or more factors as shown in the Figure and also described above.
Referring again to the Figures, in particular embodiments, the processings associated with the noise filtering, signal dropout detection estimation and compensation may be performed by one or more processing units of the one or more receiver unit (104, 105) the transmitter unit 102 or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105. In addition, the one or more of the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104, secondary receiver unit 105, or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may also incorporate a blood glucose meter functionality, such that, the housing of the respective one or more of the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104, secondary receiver unit 105, or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may include a test strip port configured to receive a blood sample for determining one or more blood glucose levels of the patient.
In a further embodiment, the one or more of the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104, secondary receiver unit 105, or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105 may be configured to receive the blood glucose value wirelessly over a communication link from, for example, a glucose meter. In still a further embodiment, the user or patient manipulating or using the analyte monitoring system 100 (FIG. 1) may manually input the blood glucose value using, for example, a user interface (for example, a keyboard, keypad, and the like) incorporated in the one or more of the transmitter unit 102, the primary receiver unit 104, secondary receiver unit 105, or the data processing terminal/infusion section 105.
A method in one embodiment includes monitoring a data stream, generating a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detecting a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimating a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
In one aspect, generating the noise filtered signal may include generating one or more frequency-shaped signals based on the monitored data stream, and further, which may include high pass filtering the monitored data stream.
Also, generating the noise filtered signal in another aspect may be based on one or more previous noise filtered signals.
The method in a further embodiment may include outputting the noise filtered signal. The method in still another aspect may include outputting the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
The method may also include generating a signal associated with detecting the presence of a signal dropout.
Moreover, the data stream in one embodiment may be associated with a monitored analyte levels of a patient.
An apparatus in another embodiment includes one or more processors, and a memory for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to monitor a data stream, generate a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detect a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimate a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
The memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate one or more frequency-shaped signals based on the monitored data stream.
In another aspect, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate the one or more frequency shaped signals by high pass filtering the monitored data stream.
In still another aspect, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate the noise filtered signal based on one or more previous noise filtered signals.
Moreover, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to output the noise filtered signal.
In yet another embodiment, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to output the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
Additionally, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to generate a signal associated with detecting the presence of a signal dropout.
A system in accordance with still another embodiment may include an analyte sensor configured to monitor an analyte of a patient, a data processing section operatively coupled to the analyte sensor, the data processing section further including one or more processors, and a memory for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to monitor a data stream, generate a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream, detect a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal, and estimate a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout.
The data processing section may include a data transmission unit operatively coupled to one or more processors configured to transmit the data stream. In another aspect, the data processing section may include a data receiving unit operatively coupled to the one or more processors and configured to receive the data stream.
The analyte sensor may include a glucose sensor.
Moreover, the memory may be further configured for storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to store one or more of the data stream, the noise filtered signal, or the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
The various processes described above including the processes performed by the receiver unit 104/105 or transmitter unit 102 in the software application execution environment in the analyte monitoring system 100 including the processes and routines described in conjunction with FIGS. 5-10, may be embodied as computer programs developed using an object oriented language that allows the modeling of complex systems with modular objects to create abstractions that are representative of real world, physical objects and their interrelationships. The software required to carry out the inventive process, which may be stored in the memory or storage unit of the receiver unit 104/105 or transmitter unit 102 may be developed by a person of ordinary skill in the art and may include one or more computer program products.
Various other modifications and alterations in the structure and method of operation of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the present invention and that structures and methods within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims (7)

1. A method, comprising:
monitoring a data stream indicative of an analyte level;
generating a noise-filtered signal associated with the data stream;
detecting a presence of a signal dropout based on the noise filtered signal; and
estimating, using a dropout compensator a noise filtered dropout compensated signal based on the noise filtered signal and the determination of the presence of the signal dropout;
wherein generating the noise filtered signal is based on one or more previous noise filtered signals.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein generating the noise filtered signal includes generating one or more frequency-shaped signals based on the monitored data stream.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein generating the one or more frequency shaped signals include high pass filtering the monitored data stream.
4. The method of claim 1 further including outputting the noise filtered signal.
5. The method of claim 1 further including outputting the noise filtered dropout compensated signal.
6. The method of claim 1 further including generating a signal associated with detecting the presence of a signal dropout.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the data stream is associated with a monitored analyte levels of a patient.
US11/552,935 2006-03-31 2006-10-25 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring Active 2027-01-21 US7630748B2 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/552,935 US7630748B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2006-10-25 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
CA2667930A CA2667930C (en) 2006-10-25 2007-10-24 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
PCT/US2007/082382 WO2008052057A2 (en) 2006-10-25 2007-10-24 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
EP07854382A EP2114241A4 (en) 2006-10-25 2007-10-24 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/238,874 US8211016B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2008-09-26 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/506,227 US8216137B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2009-07-20 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US13/544,946 US9113828B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2012-07-09 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US14/077,004 US20140066736A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2013-11-11 Analyte Sensor Calibration Management
US14/833,058 US9814428B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2015-08-22 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US15/334,274 US20170042456A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2016-10-25 Analyte Sensor Calibration Management
US15/808,919 US10194868B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2017-11-10 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US16/264,747 US11282603B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2019-02-01 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US17/699,734 US20220208371A1 (en) 2006-10-25 2022-03-21 Method and System for Providing Analyte Monitoring

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/552,935 US7630748B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2006-10-25 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/924,528 Continuation-In-Part US9320468B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2013-06-21 Analyte sensor with time lag compensation

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/238,874 Division US8211016B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2008-09-26 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/506,227 Continuation US8216137B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2009-07-20 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080119708A1 US20080119708A1 (en) 2008-05-22
US7630748B2 true US7630748B2 (en) 2009-12-08

Family

ID=39325387

Family Applications (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/552,935 Active 2027-01-21 US7630748B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2006-10-25 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/238,874 Active 2029-04-20 US8211016B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2008-09-26 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/506,227 Active 2027-08-19 US8216137B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2009-07-20 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US13/544,946 Active 2028-06-14 US9113828B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2012-07-09 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US14/833,058 Active US9814428B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2015-08-22 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US15/808,919 Active US10194868B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2017-11-10 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US16/264,747 Active 2027-10-16 US11282603B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2019-02-01 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US17/699,734 Pending US20220208371A1 (en) 2006-10-25 2022-03-21 Method and System for Providing Analyte Monitoring

Family Applications After (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/238,874 Active 2029-04-20 US8211016B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2008-09-26 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US12/506,227 Active 2027-08-19 US8216137B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2009-07-20 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US13/544,946 Active 2028-06-14 US9113828B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2012-07-09 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US14/833,058 Active US9814428B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2015-08-22 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US15/808,919 Active US10194868B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2017-11-10 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US16/264,747 Active 2027-10-16 US11282603B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2019-02-01 Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US17/699,734 Pending US20220208371A1 (en) 2006-10-25 2022-03-21 Method and System for Providing Analyte Monitoring

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (8) US7630748B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2114241A4 (en)
CA (1) CA2667930C (en)
WO (1) WO2008052057A2 (en)

Cited By (81)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8185181B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2012-05-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting false hypoglycemic conditions
US8216138B1 (en) 2007-10-23 2012-07-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Correlation of alternative site blood and interstitial fluid glucose concentrations to venous glucose concentration
US8219173B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2012-07-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US8224415B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-07-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US8287495B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2012-10-16 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US8409093B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2013-04-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Assessing measures of glycemic variability
US8444560B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-05-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8478557B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2013-07-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte monitoring system calibration accuracy
WO2013102158A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for determining medication dose information
US8484005B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-07-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for determining analyte levels
US8560038B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-10-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8571808B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-10-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8583205B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2013-11-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US8600681B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-12-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8612163B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-12-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8622988B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-01-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Variable rate closed loop control and methods
US8635046B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2014-01-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for evaluating analyte sensor response characteristics
US8676513B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2014-03-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for early signal attenuation detection using blood glucose measurements
US8682615B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2014-03-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8710993B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-04-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US8718958B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-05-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
EP2727530A1 (en) 2012-10-30 2014-05-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Calibration of in vivo sensors used to measure analyte concentration
US8734422B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-05-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with improved alarm functions
US8795252B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-08-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Robust closed loop control and methods
US8798934B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2014-08-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Real time management of data relating to physiological control of glucose levels
US8834366B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2014-09-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte sensor calibration
US8930203B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2015-01-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-function analyte test device and methods therefor
US8932216B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2015-01-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US8986208B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2015-03-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor sensitivity attenuation mitigation
US9008743B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2015-04-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9031630B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2015-05-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of use
US9113828B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2015-08-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US9119528B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2015-09-01 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for providing sensitive and specific alarms
US9125548B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2015-09-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9204827B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2015-12-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9317656B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2016-04-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Compatibility mechanisms for devices in a continuous analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US9320461B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2016-04-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9320468B2 (en) 2008-01-31 2016-04-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with time lag compensation
US9326707B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2016-05-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Alarm characterization for analyte monitoring devices and systems
US9326709B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2016-05-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Systems, devices and methods for managing glucose levels
US9332934B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2016-05-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with lag compensation
US9392969B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2016-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control and signal attenuation detection
US9474475B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-rate analyte sensor data collection with sample rate configurable signal processing
US9486171B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-11-08 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Predictive calibration
US9541556B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2017-01-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US9615780B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2017-04-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9622691B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US9636450B2 (en) 2007-02-19 2017-05-02 Udo Hoss Pump system modular components for delivering medication and analyte sensing at seperate insertion sites
US9730623B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2017-08-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US9782076B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2017-10-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Smart messages and alerts for an infusion delivery and management system
US9795326B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2017-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous analyte measurement systems and systems and methods for implanting them
US9814416B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2017-11-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US9907492B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2018-03-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for improving lag correction during in vivo measurement of analyte concentration with analyte concentration variability and range data
US9913600B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2018-03-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring and management device and method to analyze the frequency of user interaction with the device
US9931075B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2018-04-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US9943644B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2018-04-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with reference measurement and methods thereof
US9962486B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-05-08 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump
US10002233B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-06-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10009244B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2018-06-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system having an alert
US10076285B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-09-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor fault detection using analyte sensor data pattern comparison
US10082493B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2018-09-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods of use
US10092229B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2018-10-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Calibration of analyte measurement system
US10111608B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2018-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US10132793B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-11-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US10136845B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2018-11-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Devices, systems, and methods associated with analyte monitoring devices and devices incorporating the same
US10173007B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2019-01-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system with safety parameters and methods
US10194850B2 (en) 2005-08-31 2019-02-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Accuracy of continuous glucose sensors
US10206629B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2019-02-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system therapy management
US10258736B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2019-04-16 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Systems including vial adapter for fluid transfer
US10328201B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2019-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system interface and methods
US10433773B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-10-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Noise rejection methods and apparatus for sparsely sampled analyte sensor data
US10555695B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-02-11 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10685749B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2020-06-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Insulin delivery apparatuses capable of bluetooth data transmission
US11000215B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2021-05-11 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US11213226B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2022-01-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods
US11229382B2 (en) 2013-12-31 2022-01-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Self-powered analyte sensor and devices using the same
US11331022B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-05-17 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
US11350862B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-06-07 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
US11553883B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2023-01-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. System, device and method of dynamic glucose profile response to physiological parameters
US11596330B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2023-03-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods, devices and system for providing diabetic condition diagnosis and therapy
US11717225B2 (en) 2014-03-30 2023-08-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for determining meal start and peak events in analyte monitoring systems

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10512429B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2019-12-24 ResMed Pty Ltd Discrimination of cheyne-stokes breathing patterns by use of oximetry signals
US8066647B2 (en) 2004-12-23 2011-11-29 Resmed Limited Method for detecting and discriminating breathing patterns from respiratory signals
US8732188B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2014-05-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing contextual based medication dosage determination
EP2252196A4 (en) 2008-02-21 2013-05-15 Dexcom Inc Systems and methods for processing, transmitting and displaying sensor data
US8579473B2 (en) 2008-09-12 2013-11-12 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Luminaire for indirect illumination
WO2010054408A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2010-05-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing dropout detection in analyte sensors
NZ700304A (en) * 2009-04-20 2016-03-31 Resmed Ltd Discrimination of cheyne-stokes breathing patterns by use of oximetry signals
EP2425209A4 (en) 2009-04-29 2013-01-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Method and system for providing real time analyte sensor calibration with retrospective backfill
EP2438527B1 (en) 2009-06-04 2018-05-02 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and system for updating a medical device
US9041730B2 (en) 2010-02-12 2015-05-26 Dexcom, Inc. Receivers for analyzing and displaying sensor data
US8861731B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2014-10-14 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Efficient procedure for pairing medical devices for wireless communication with limited user interaction
US8454554B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2013-06-04 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Use of a handheld medical device as a communications mediator between a personal computer-based configurator and another networked medical device
US8401194B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2013-03-19 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Diabetes care kit that is preconfigured to establish a secure bidirectional communication link between a blood glucose meter and insulin pump
US8589106B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2013-11-19 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Calibration of a handheld diabetes managing device that receives data from a continuous glucose monitor
US8672874B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-03-18 Roche Diagnoistics Operations, Inc. Communication protocol that supports pass-thru communication
WO2013138369A1 (en) 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing analyte sensor data
US11776684B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2023-10-03 Pacesetter, Inc Method and device for managing energy usage by a medical device

Citations (99)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581062A (en) 1968-02-19 1971-05-25 Pavelle Corp Electronic thermostat
US3926760A (en) 1973-09-28 1975-12-16 Du Pont Process for electrophoretic deposition of polymer
US3949388A (en) 1972-11-13 1976-04-06 Monitron Industries, Inc. Physiological sensor and transmitter
US3978856A (en) 1975-03-20 1976-09-07 Michel Walter A Heart beat waveform monitoring apparatus
US4036749A (en) 1975-04-30 1977-07-19 Anderson Donald R Purification of saline water
US4055175A (en) 1976-05-07 1977-10-25 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Blood glucose control apparatus
US4129128A (en) 1977-02-23 1978-12-12 Mcfarlane Richard H Securing device for catheter placement assembly
US4245634A (en) 1975-01-22 1981-01-20 Hospital For Sick Children Artificial beta cell
US4327725A (en) 1980-11-25 1982-05-04 Alza Corporation Osmotic device with hydrogel driving member
US4344438A (en) 1978-08-02 1982-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Optical sensor of plasma constituents
US4349728A (en) 1978-12-07 1982-09-14 Australasian Training Aids Pty. Ltd. Target apparatus
US4425920A (en) 1980-10-24 1984-01-17 Purdue Research Foundation Apparatus and method for measurement and control of blood pressure
US4478976A (en) 1981-09-25 1984-10-23 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Water-insoluble protein material, its preparation and its use
US4494950A (en) 1982-01-19 1985-01-22 The Johns Hopkins University Plural module medication delivery system
US4509531A (en) 1982-07-28 1985-04-09 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Personal physiological monitor
US4527240A (en) 1982-12-29 1985-07-02 Kvitash Vadim I Balascopy method for detecting and rapidly evaluating multiple imbalances within multi-parametric systems
US4538616A (en) 1983-07-25 1985-09-03 Robert Rogoff Blood sugar level sensing and monitoring transducer
US4619793A (en) 1982-04-29 1986-10-28 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Method of producing annealed polyvinyl alcohol contact lens
US4671288A (en) 1985-06-13 1987-06-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Electrochemical cell sensor for continuous short-term use in tissues and blood
US4703756A (en) 1986-05-06 1987-11-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Complete glucose monitoring system with an implantable, telemetered sensor module
US4731726A (en) 1986-05-19 1988-03-15 Healthware Corporation Patient-operated glucose monitor and diabetes management system
US4749985A (en) 1987-04-13 1988-06-07 United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Functional relationship-based alarm processing
US4757022A (en) 1986-04-15 1988-07-12 Markwell Medical Institute, Inc. Biological fluid measuring device
US4777953A (en) 1987-02-25 1988-10-18 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Capillary filtration and collection method for long-term monitoring of blood constituents
US4779618A (en) 1984-08-10 1988-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for the physiological frequency control of a heart pacemaker equipped with a stimulating electrode
US4854322A (en) 1987-02-25 1989-08-08 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Capillary filtration and collection device for long-term monitoring of blood constituents
US4890620A (en) 1985-09-20 1990-01-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Two-dimensional diffusion glucose substrate sensing electrode
US4925268A (en) 1988-07-25 1990-05-15 Abbott Laboratories Fiber-optic physiological probes
US4953552A (en) 1989-04-21 1990-09-04 Demarzo Arthur P Blood glucose monitoring system
US4986271A (en) 1989-07-19 1991-01-22 The University Of New Mexico Vivo refillable glucose sensor
US4995402A (en) 1988-10-12 1991-02-26 Thorne, Smith, Astill Technologies, Inc. Medical droplet whole blood and like monitoring
US5000180A (en) 1988-08-03 1991-03-19 Biomedical Systems Inc. Polarographic-amperometric three-electrode sensor
US5002054A (en) 1987-02-25 1991-03-26 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Interstitial filtration and collection device and method for long-term monitoring of physiological constituents of the body
US5019974A (en) 1987-05-01 1991-05-28 Diva Medical Systems Bv Diabetes management system and apparatus
US5050612A (en) 1989-09-12 1991-09-24 Matsumura Kenneth N Device for computer-assisted monitoring of the body
US5055171A (en) 1986-10-06 1991-10-08 T And G Corporation Ionic semiconductor materials and applications thereof
US5082550A (en) 1989-12-11 1992-01-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Enzyme electrochemical sensor electrode and method of making it
US5106365A (en) 1989-06-16 1992-04-21 Europhor Sa Microdialysis probe
US5122925A (en) 1991-04-22 1992-06-16 Control Products, Inc. Package for electronic components
US5165407A (en) 1990-04-19 1992-11-24 The University Of Kansas Implantable glucose sensor
US5246867A (en) 1992-01-17 1993-09-21 University Of Maryland At Baltimore Determination and quantification of saccharides by luminescence lifetimes and energy transfer
US5262305A (en) 1991-03-04 1993-11-16 E. Heller & Company Interferant eliminating biosensors
US5262035A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-16 E. Heller And Company Enzyme electrodes
US5264104A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-23 Gregg Brian A Enzyme electrodes
US5264105A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-23 Gregg Brian A Enzyme electrodes
US5279294A (en) 1985-04-08 1994-01-18 Cascade Medical, Inc. Medical diagnostic system
US5285792A (en) 1992-01-10 1994-02-15 Physio-Control Corporation System for producing prioritized alarm messages in a medical instrument
US5293877A (en) 1990-12-12 1994-03-15 Sherwood Ims, Inc. Body temperature thermometer and method fo measuring human body temperature utilizing calibration mapping
US5299571A (en) 1993-01-22 1994-04-05 Eli Lilly And Company Apparatus and method for implantation of sensors
US5320725A (en) 1989-08-02 1994-06-14 E. Heller & Company Electrode and method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
US5322063A (en) 1991-10-04 1994-06-21 Eli Lilly And Company Hydrophilic polyurethane membranes for electrochemical glucose sensors
US5340722A (en) 1988-08-24 1994-08-23 Avl Medical Instruments Ag Method for the determination of the concentration of an enzyme substrate and a sensor for carrying out the method
US5342789A (en) 1989-12-14 1994-08-30 Sensor Technologies, Inc. Method and device for detecting and quantifying glucose in body fluids
US5356786A (en) 1991-03-04 1994-10-18 E. Heller & Company Interferant eliminating biosensor
US5360404A (en) 1988-12-14 1994-11-01 Inviro Medical Devices Ltd. Needle guard and needle assembly for syringe
US5372427A (en) 1991-12-19 1994-12-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Temperature sensor
US5376070A (en) 1992-09-29 1994-12-27 Minimed Inc. Data transfer system for an infusion pump
US5379238A (en) 1989-03-03 1995-01-03 Stark; Edward W. Signal processing method and apparatus
US5391250A (en) 1994-03-15 1995-02-21 Minimed Inc. Method of fabricating thin film sensors
US5390671A (en) 1994-03-15 1995-02-21 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5408999A (en) 1992-10-23 1995-04-25 Optex Biomedical, Inc. Fiber-optic probe for the measurement of fluid parameters
US5411647A (en) 1992-11-23 1995-05-02 Eli Lilly And Company Techniques to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors
US5431160A (en) 1989-07-19 1995-07-11 University Of New Mexico Miniature implantable refillable glucose sensor and material therefor
US5431921A (en) 1990-09-28 1995-07-11 Pfizer Inc Dispensing device containing a hydrophobic medium
US5462645A (en) 1991-09-20 1995-10-31 Imperial College Of Science, Technology & Medicine Dialysis electrode device
US5497772A (en) 1993-11-19 1996-03-12 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Glucose monitoring system
US5507288A (en) 1994-05-05 1996-04-16 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Analytical system for monitoring a substance to be analyzed in patient-blood
US5509410A (en) 1983-06-06 1996-04-23 Medisense, Inc. Strip electrode including screen printing of a single layer
US5514718A (en) 1992-03-03 1996-05-07 Merck, Sharp & Dohme Limited Heterocyclic compounds, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
US5531878A (en) 1992-05-29 1996-07-02 The Victoria University Of Manchester Sensor devices
US5569186A (en) 1994-04-25 1996-10-29 Minimed Inc. Closed loop infusion pump system with removable glucose sensor
US5568806A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-10-29 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5582184A (en) 1993-10-13 1996-12-10 Integ Incorporated Interstitial fluid collection and constituent measurement
US5586553A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-12-24 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5593852A (en) 1993-12-02 1997-01-14 Heller; Adam Subcutaneous glucose electrode
US5609575A (en) 1994-04-11 1997-03-11 Graseby Medical Limited Infusion pump and method with dose-rate calculation
US5628310A (en) 1995-05-19 1997-05-13 Joseph R. Lakowicz Method and apparatus to perform trans-cutaneous analyte monitoring
US5653239A (en) 1991-03-08 1997-08-05 Exergen Corporation Continuous temperature monitor
US5665222A (en) 1995-10-11 1997-09-09 E. Heller & Company Soybean peroxidase electrochemical sensor
US5711001A (en) 1992-05-08 1998-01-20 Motorola, Inc. Method and circuit for acquisition by a radio receiver
US5711861A (en) 1995-11-22 1998-01-27 Ward; W. Kenneth Device for monitoring changes in analyte concentration
US5772586A (en) 1996-02-12 1998-06-30 Nokia Mobile Phones, Ltd. Method for monitoring the health of a patient
US5791344A (en) 1993-11-19 1998-08-11 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Patient monitoring system
US5899855A (en) 1992-11-17 1999-05-04 Health Hero Network, Inc. Modular microprocessor-based health monitoring system
US5925021A (en) 1994-03-09 1999-07-20 Visionary Medical Products, Inc. Medication delivery device with a microprocessor and characteristic monitor
US5942979A (en) 1997-04-07 1999-08-24 Luppino; Richard On guard vehicle safety warning system
US5957854A (en) 1993-09-04 1999-09-28 Besson; Marcus Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment
US5964993A (en) 1996-12-19 1999-10-12 Implanted Biosystems Inc. Glucose sensor
US5971922A (en) 1998-04-07 1999-10-26 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd System and method for predicting blood glucose level
US5995860A (en) 1995-07-06 1999-11-30 Thomas Jefferson University Implantable sensor and system for measurement and control of blood constituent levels
US6001067A (en) 1997-03-04 1999-12-14 Shults; Mark C. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US6024699A (en) 1998-03-13 2000-02-15 Healthware Corporation Systems, methods and computer program products for monitoring, diagnosing and treating medical conditions of remotely located patients
US6049727A (en) 1996-07-08 2000-04-11 Animas Corporation Implantable sensor and system for in vivo measurement and control of fluid constituent levels
US6073031A (en) 1997-12-24 2000-06-06 Nortel Networks Corporation Desktop docking station for use with a wireless telephone handset
US6088608A (en) 1997-10-20 2000-07-11 Alfred E. Mann Foundation Electrochemical sensor and integrity tests therefor
US6091976A (en) 1996-05-09 2000-07-18 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Determination of glucose concentration in tissue
US6093172A (en) 1997-02-05 2000-07-25 Minimed Inc. Injector for a subcutaneous insertion set
US20030050546A1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2003-03-13 Desai Shashi P. Methods for improving the performance of an analyte monitoring system
US20030130616A1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2003-07-10 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop system for controlling insulin infusion

Family Cites Families (555)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978596A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-09-07 Brown Dwight C Sandals and method of making same
US3960497A (en) 1975-08-19 1976-06-01 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Chemical analyzer with automatic calibration
US4373527B1 (en) * 1979-04-27 1995-06-27 Univ Johns Hopkins Implantable programmable medication infusion system
US4731051A (en) 1979-04-27 1988-03-15 The Johns Hopkins University Programmable control means for providing safe and controlled medication infusion
CS210174B1 (en) 1979-07-12 1982-01-29 Ivan Emmer Method of making the electric hygrometric sensor
US4392849A (en) 1981-07-27 1983-07-12 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Infusion pump controller
DE3278334D1 (en) 1981-10-23 1988-05-19 Genetics Int Inc Sensor for components of a liquid mixture
US4462048A (en) * 1982-02-11 1984-07-24 Rca Corporation Noise reduction circuitry for audio signals
EP0098592A3 (en) 1982-07-06 1985-08-21 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Portable artificial pancreas
CA1226036A (en) 1983-05-05 1987-08-25 Irving J. Higgins Analytical equipment and sensor electrodes therefor
CA1219040A (en) 1983-05-05 1987-03-10 Elliot V. Plotkin Measurement of enzyme-catalysed reactions
US5682884A (en) 1983-05-05 1997-11-04 Medisense, Inc. Strip electrode with screen printing
CA1254091A (en) 1984-09-28 1989-05-16 Vladimir Feingold Implantable medication infusion system
US4759366A (en) 1986-03-19 1988-07-26 Telectronics N.V. Rate responsive pacing using the ventricular gradient
US5365426A (en) 1987-03-13 1994-11-15 The University Of Maryland Advanced signal processing methodology for the detection, localization and quantification of acute myocardial ischemia
US4759828A (en) 1987-04-09 1988-07-26 Nova Biomedical Corporation Glucose electrode and method of determining glucose
GB8725936D0 (en) 1987-11-05 1987-12-09 Genetics Int Inc Sensing system
US4947845A (en) 1989-01-13 1990-08-14 Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. Method of maximizing catheter longevity in an implantable medication infusion system
US5077476A (en) 1990-06-27 1991-12-31 Futrex, Inc. Instrument for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose
US5068536A (en) 1989-01-19 1991-11-26 Futrex, Inc. Method for providing custom calibration for near infrared instruments for measurement of blood glucose
JPH02298855A (en) 1989-03-20 1990-12-11 Assoc Univ Inc Electrochemical biosensor using immobilized enzyme and redox polymer
EP0396788A1 (en) 1989-05-08 1990-11-14 Dräger Nederland B.V. Process and sensor for measuring the glucose content of glucosecontaining fluids
US5568400A (en) 1989-09-01 1996-10-22 Stark; Edward W. Multiplicative signal correction method and apparatus
GB2243211A (en) 1990-04-20 1991-10-23 Philips Electronic Associated Analytical instrument and method of calibrating an analytical instrument
US5202261A (en) 1990-07-19 1993-04-13 Miles Inc. Conductive sensors and their use in diagnostic assays
US5113869A (en) 1990-08-21 1992-05-19 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Implantable ambulatory electrocardiogram monitor
US5148812A (en) 1991-02-20 1992-09-22 Georgetown University Non-invasive dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by analysis of t-wave alternans
US5135004A (en) 1991-03-12 1992-08-04 Incontrol, Inc. Implantable myocardial ischemia monitor and related method
US5204264A (en) 1991-03-14 1993-04-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for validation of calibration standards in an automatic chemical analyzer
US5199428A (en) 1991-03-22 1993-04-06 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable electrical nerve stimulator/pacemaker with ischemia for decreasing cardiac workload
US5868711A (en) 1991-04-29 1999-02-09 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Implantable intraosseous device for rapid vascular access
US5328460A (en) 1991-06-21 1994-07-12 Pacesetter Infusion, Ltd. Implantable medication infusion pump including self-contained acoustic fault detection apparatus
US5231988A (en) 1991-08-09 1993-08-03 Cyberonics, Inc. Treatment of endocrine disorders by nerve stimulation
US5203326A (en) 1991-12-18 1993-04-20 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Antiarrhythmia pacer using antiarrhythmia pacing and autonomic nerve stimulation therapy
US5313953A (en) 1992-01-14 1994-05-24 Incontrol, Inc. Implantable cardiac patient monitor
IL104365A0 (en) 1992-01-31 1993-05-13 Gensia Pharma Method and apparatus for closed loop drug delivery
DK95792A (en) 1992-07-24 1994-01-25 Radiometer As Sensor for non-invasive, in vivo determination of an analyte and blood flow
US5330634A (en) 1992-08-28 1994-07-19 Via Medical Corporation Calibration solutions useful for analyses of biological fluids and methods employing same
US6283761B1 (en) 1992-09-08 2001-09-04 Raymond Anthony Joao Apparatus and method for processing and/or for providing healthcare information and/or healthcare-related information
US5918603A (en) 1994-05-23 1999-07-06 Health Hero Network, Inc. Method for treating medical conditions using a microprocessor-based video game
US5956501A (en) 1997-01-10 1999-09-21 Health Hero Network, Inc. Disease simulation system and method
US5601435A (en) 1994-11-04 1997-02-11 Intercare Method and apparatus for interactively monitoring a physiological condition and for interactively providing health related information
EP0622626B1 (en) 1993-04-23 2002-03-06 Roche Diagnostics GmbH System for analysing the components of fluid samples
US5384547A (en) * 1993-08-02 1995-01-24 Motorola, Inc. Apparatus and method for attenuating a multicarrier input signal of a linear device
US5438983A (en) 1993-09-13 1995-08-08 Hewlett-Packard Company Patient alarm detection using trend vector analysis
US5425749A (en) 1993-09-16 1995-06-20 Angeion Corporation Preemptive cardioversion therapy in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
US5400795A (en) 1993-10-22 1995-03-28 Telectronics Pacing Systems, Inc. Method of classifying heart rhythms by analyzing several morphology defining metrics derived for a patient's QRS complex
US5320715A (en) 1994-01-14 1994-06-14 Lloyd Berg Separation of 1-pentanol from cyclopentanol by extractive distillation
DE4401400A1 (en) 1994-01-19 1995-07-20 Ernst Prof Dr Pfeiffer Method and arrangement for continuously monitoring the concentration of a metabolite
US5543326A (en) 1994-03-04 1996-08-06 Heller; Adam Biosensor including chemically modified enzymes
US5472317A (en) 1994-06-03 1995-12-05 Minimed Inc. Mounting clip for a medication infusion pump
US5520191A (en) 1994-10-07 1996-05-28 Ortivus Medical Ab Myocardial ischemia and infarction analysis and monitoring method and apparatus
US6038469A (en) 1994-10-07 2000-03-14 Ortivus Ab Myocardial ischemia and infarction analysis and monitoring method and apparatus
US5752512A (en) 1995-05-10 1998-05-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus and method for non-invasive blood analyte measurement
US7016713B2 (en) 1995-08-09 2006-03-21 Inlight Solutions, Inc. Non-invasive determination of direction and rate of change of an analyte
US5628890A (en) 1995-09-27 1997-05-13 Medisense, Inc. Electrochemical sensor
US5972199A (en) 1995-10-11 1999-10-26 E. Heller & Company Electrochemical analyte sensors using thermostable peroxidase
US5741211A (en) 1995-10-26 1998-04-21 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for continuous monitoring of diabetes-related blood constituents
US5785660A (en) 1996-03-28 1998-07-28 Pacesetter, Inc. Methods and apparatus for storing intracardiac electrograms
US20040249420A1 (en) 1996-05-14 2004-12-09 Medtronic, Inc. Prioritized rule based method and apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias
US5735285A (en) 1996-06-04 1998-04-07 Data Critical Corp. Method and hand-held apparatus for demodulating and viewing frequency modulated biomedical signals
ES2195151T3 (en) 1996-06-18 2003-12-01 Alza Corp IMPROVEMENT OR SAMPLING DEVICE FOR TRANSDERMAL AGENTS.
US6544193B2 (en) * 1996-09-04 2003-04-08 Marcio Marc Abreu Noninvasive measurement of chemical substances
US5720295A (en) 1996-10-15 1998-02-24 Pacesetter, Inc. Pacemaker with improved detection of atrial fibrillation
US6071249A (en) 1996-12-06 2000-06-06 Abbott Laboratories Method and apparatus for obtaining blood for diagnostic tests
US5914026A (en) 1997-01-06 1999-06-22 Implanted Biosystems Inc. Implantable sensor employing an auxiliary electrode
US6122351A (en) 1997-01-21 2000-09-19 Med Graph, Inc. Method and system aiding medical diagnosis and treatment
SE9700182D0 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Pacesetter Ab Implantable heart stimulator
SE9700181D0 (en) 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Pacesetter Ab Ischemia detector and heart stimulator provided with such an ischemia detector
US6607509B2 (en) * 1997-12-31 2003-08-19 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Insertion device for an insertion set and method of using the same
US6293925B1 (en) 1997-12-31 2001-09-25 Minimed Inc. Insertion device for an insertion set and method of using the same
ATE227844T1 (en) 1997-02-06 2002-11-15 Therasense Inc SMALL VOLUME SENSOR FOR IN-VITRO DETERMINATION
SE9700427D0 (en) 1997-02-07 1997-02-07 Pacesetter Ab Ischemia detector
EP1011426A1 (en) 1997-02-26 2000-06-28 Diasense, Inc. Individual calibration of blood glucose for supporting noninvasive self-monitoring blood glucose
US6159147A (en) 1997-02-28 2000-12-12 Qrs Diagnostics, Llc Personal computer card for collection of real-time biological data
US7899511B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2011-03-01 Dexcom, Inc. Low oxygen in vivo analyte sensor
US20050033132A1 (en) 1997-03-04 2005-02-10 Shults Mark C. Analyte measuring device
US6862465B2 (en) 1997-03-04 2005-03-01 Dexcom, Inc. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US6741877B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2004-05-25 Dexcom, Inc. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US6558321B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2003-05-06 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for remote monitoring and modulation of medical devices
US7192450B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2007-03-20 Dexcom, Inc. Porous membranes for use with implantable devices
US7657297B2 (en) 2004-05-03 2010-02-02 Dexcom, Inc. Implantable analyte sensor
US5891047A (en) 1997-03-14 1999-04-06 Cambridge Heart, Inc. Detecting abnormal activation of heart
US5792065A (en) 1997-03-18 1998-08-11 Marquette Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining T-wave marker points during QT dispersion analysis
SE9701122D0 (en) 1997-03-26 1997-03-26 Pacesetter Ab Medical implant
SE9701121D0 (en) 1997-03-26 1997-03-26 Pacesetter Ab Implantable heart stimulator
US6270455B1 (en) 1997-03-28 2001-08-07 Health Hero Network, Inc. Networked system for interactive communications and remote monitoring of drug delivery
US5961451A (en) 1997-04-07 1999-10-05 Motorola, Inc. Noninvasive apparatus having a retaining member to retain a removable biosensor
US5935224A (en) 1997-04-24 1999-08-10 Microsoft Corporation Method and apparatus for adaptively coupling an external peripheral device to either a universal serial bus port on a computer or hub or a game port on a computer
US5954643A (en) 1997-06-09 1999-09-21 Minimid Inc. Insertion set for a transcutaneous sensor
US6558351B1 (en) 1999-06-03 2003-05-06 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop system for controlling insulin infusion
JP2002505008A (en) 1997-06-16 2002-02-12 エラン コーポレーション ピーエルシー Methods for calibrating and testing sensors for in vivo measurement of analytes and devices for use in such methods
US6764581B1 (en) 1997-09-05 2004-07-20 Abbott Laboratories Electrode with thin working layer
US6071391A (en) 1997-09-12 2000-06-06 Nok Corporation Enzyme electrode structure
US6117290A (en) 1997-09-26 2000-09-12 Pepex Biomedical, Llc System and method for measuring a bioanalyte such as lactate
US5904671A (en) 1997-10-03 1999-05-18 Navot; Nir Tampon wetness detection system
US6736957B1 (en) 1997-10-16 2004-05-18 Abbott Laboratories Biosensor electrode mediators for regeneration of cofactors and process for using
US6119028A (en) 1997-10-20 2000-09-12 Alfred E. Mann Foundation Implantable enzyme-based monitoring systems having improved longevity due to improved exterior surfaces
FI107080B (en) 1997-10-27 2001-05-31 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd measuring device
ES2281143T3 (en) 1997-11-12 2007-09-16 Lightouch Medical, Inc. METHOD FOR THE NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF AN ANALYTE.
US6579690B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2003-06-17 Therasense, Inc. Blood analyte monitoring through subcutaneous measurement
US6134461A (en) 1998-03-04 2000-10-17 E. Heller & Company Electrochemical analyte
US6103033A (en) 1998-03-04 2000-08-15 Therasense, Inc. Process for producing an electrochemical biosensor
US6197181B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-03-06 Semitool, Inc. Apparatus and method for electrolytically depositing a metal on a microelectronic workpiece
US6721582B2 (en) 1999-04-06 2004-04-13 Argose, Inc. Non-invasive tissue glucose level monitoring
US7647237B2 (en) 1998-04-29 2010-01-12 Minimed, Inc. Communication station and software for interfacing with an infusion pump, analyte monitor, analyte meter, or the like
US6175752B1 (en) 1998-04-30 2001-01-16 Therasense, Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US8974386B2 (en) 1998-04-30 2015-03-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US6949816B2 (en) 2003-04-21 2005-09-27 Motorola, Inc. Semiconductor component having first surface area for electrically coupling to a semiconductor chip and second surface area for electrically coupling to a substrate, and method of manufacturing same
GB2337122B (en) 1998-05-08 2002-11-13 Medisense Inc Test strip
PT1077636E (en) 1998-05-13 2004-06-30 Cygnus Therapeutic Systems SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYZES MEDICATION
ATE245937T1 (en) 1998-05-13 2003-08-15 Cygnus Therapeutic Systems MONITORING PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYTES
US7043287B1 (en) 1998-05-18 2006-05-09 Abbott Laboratories Method for modulating light penetration depth in tissue and diagnostic applications using same
US6121611A (en) 1998-05-20 2000-09-19 Molecular Imaging Corporation Force sensing probe for scanning probe microscopy
US6223283B1 (en) 1998-07-17 2001-04-24 Compaq Computer Corporation Method and apparatus for identifying display monitor functionality and compatibility
US6115622A (en) 1998-08-06 2000-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Ambulatory recorder having enhanced sampling technique
AU5394099A (en) 1998-08-07 2000-02-28 Infinite Biomedical Technologies, Incorporated Implantable myocardial ischemia detection, indication and action technology
US6248067B1 (en) 1999-02-05 2001-06-19 Minimed Inc. Analyte sensor and holter-type monitor system and method of using the same
US6558320B1 (en) 2000-01-20 2003-05-06 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Handheld personal data assistant (PDA) with a medical device and method of using the same
US6740518B1 (en) 1998-09-17 2004-05-25 Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc. Signal detection techniques for the detection of analytes
US6254586B1 (en) 1998-09-25 2001-07-03 Minimed Inc. Method and kit for supplying a fluid to a subcutaneous placement site
CA2346055C (en) * 1998-09-30 2004-06-29 Cygnus, Inc. Method and device for predicting physiological values
US6591125B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2003-07-08 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
ATE514372T1 (en) 1998-10-08 2011-07-15 Medtronic Minimed Inc LICENSE PLATE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH REMOTE MEASUREMENT
US6338790B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2002-01-15 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor with diffusible or non-leachable redox mediator
US6602469B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2003-08-05 Lifestream Technologies, Inc. Health monitoring and diagnostic device and network-based health assessment and medical records maintenance system
DE69924749T2 (en) 1998-11-20 2006-04-27 The University Of Connecticut, Farmington Generically integrated implantable potentiostat remote sensing device for electrochemical probes
JP2002531884A (en) 1998-11-30 2002-09-24 ノボ ノルディスク アクティーゼルスカブ Method and system for assisting a user in self-treatment involving multiple actions
JP4749549B2 (en) 1998-11-30 2011-08-17 アボット・ラボラトリーズ Analytical testing instrument with improved calibration and communication process
US6773671B1 (en) 1998-11-30 2004-08-10 Abbott Laboratories Multichemistry measuring device and test strips
US6161095A (en) 1998-12-16 2000-12-12 Health Hero Network, Inc. Treatment regimen compliance and efficacy with feedback
US7436511B2 (en) 1999-01-22 2008-10-14 Sensys Medical, Inc. Analyte filter method and apparatus
AU3363000A (en) 1999-02-12 2000-08-29 Cygnus, Inc. Devices and methods for frequent measurement of an analyte present in a biological system
US6112116A (en) 1999-02-22 2000-08-29 Cathco, Inc. Implantable responsive system for sensing and treating acute myocardial infarction
US6360888B1 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-03-26 Minimed Inc. Glucose sensor package system
US6424847B1 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-07-23 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Glucose monitor calibration methods
US6272379B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-08-07 Cathco, Inc. Implantable electronic system with acute myocardial infarction detection and patient warning capabilities
US6128526A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-10-03 Medtronic, Inc. Method for ischemia detection and apparatus for using same
US6115628A (en) 1999-03-29 2000-09-05 Medtronic, Inc. Method and apparatus for filtering electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to remove bad cycle information and for use of physiologic signals determined from said filtered ECG signals
GB9907815D0 (en) 1999-04-06 1999-06-02 Univ Cambridge Tech Implantable sensor
US6285897B1 (en) * 1999-04-07 2001-09-04 Endonetics, Inc. Remote physiological monitoring system
US6200265B1 (en) 1999-04-16 2001-03-13 Medtronic, Inc. Peripheral memory patch and access method for use with an implantable medical device
US6108577A (en) 1999-04-26 2000-08-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting changes in electrocardiogram signals
US6669663B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2003-12-30 Medtronic, Inc. Closed loop medicament pump
US6359444B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2002-03-19 University Of Kentucky Research Foundation Remote resonant-circuit analyte sensing apparatus with sensing structure and associated method of sensing
US7806886B2 (en) 1999-06-03 2010-10-05 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling insulin infusion with state variable feedback
GB2351153B (en) 1999-06-18 2003-03-26 Abbott Lab Electrochemical sensor for analysis of liquid samples
AU5747100A (en) 1999-06-18 2001-01-09 Therasense, Inc. Mass transport limited in vivo analyte sensor
US6423035B1 (en) 1999-06-18 2002-07-23 Animas Corporation Infusion pump with a sealed drive mechanism and improved method of occlusion detection
US6413393B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-07-02 Minimed, Inc. Sensor including UV-absorbing polymer and method of manufacture
US6514460B1 (en) 1999-07-28 2003-02-04 Abbott Laboratories Luminous glucose monitoring device
US6471689B1 (en) 1999-08-16 2002-10-29 Thomas Jefferson University Implantable drug delivery catheter system with capillary interface
US6923763B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2005-08-02 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method and apparatus for predicting the risk of hypoglycemia
US7113821B1 (en) 1999-08-25 2006-09-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Tissue electroperforation for enhanced drug delivery
US6343225B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-01-29 Implanted Biosystems, Inc. Implantable glucose sensor
AT408182B (en) 1999-09-17 2001-09-25 Schaupp Lukas Dipl Ing Dr Tech DEVICE FOR VIVO MEASURING SIZES IN LIVING ORGANISMS
EP1217942A1 (en) 1999-09-24 2002-07-03 Healthetech, Inc. Physiological monitor and associated computation, display and communication unit
US7317938B2 (en) * 1999-10-08 2008-01-08 Sensys Medical, Inc. Method of adapting in-vitro models to aid in noninvasive glucose determination
US6478736B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2002-11-12 Healthetech, Inc. Integrated calorie management system
US6249705B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2001-06-19 Pacesetter, Inc. Distributed network system for use with implantable medical devices
US20060091006A1 (en) 1999-11-04 2006-05-04 Yi Wang Analyte sensor with insertion monitor, and methods
US6616819B1 (en) 1999-11-04 2003-09-09 Therasense, Inc. Small volume in vitro analyte sensor and methods
DK1230249T3 (en) 1999-11-15 2004-08-30 Therasense Inc Transition metal complexes with bidentate ligand having an imidazole ring
US6658396B1 (en) 1999-11-29 2003-12-02 Tang Sharon S Neural network drug dosage estimation
US6377852B1 (en) 2000-01-20 2002-04-23 Pacesetter, Inc. Implanatable cardiac stimulation device and method for prolonging atrial refractoriness
US6974437B2 (en) 2000-01-21 2005-12-13 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Microprocessor controlled ambulatory medical apparatus with hand held communication device
DK1248660T3 (en) 2000-01-21 2012-07-23 Medtronic Minimed Inc Microprocessor controlled outpatient medical device with handheld communication device
US7369635B2 (en) 2000-01-21 2008-05-06 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Rapid discrimination preambles and methods for using the same
WO2001052935A1 (en) 2000-01-21 2001-07-26 Medical Research Group, Inc. Ambulatory medical apparatus and method having telemetry modifiable control software
US7003336B2 (en) * 2000-02-10 2006-02-21 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Analyte sensor method of making the same
US6895263B2 (en) 2000-02-23 2005-05-17 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Real time self-adjusting calibration algorithm
US7890295B2 (en) * 2000-02-23 2011-02-15 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Real time self-adjusting calibration algorithm
US6572542B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-06-03 Medtronic, Inc. System and method for monitoring and controlling the glycemic state of a patient
US6405066B1 (en) 2000-03-17 2002-06-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Implantable analyte sensor
EP1267708A4 (en) 2000-03-29 2006-04-12 Univ Virginia Method, system, and computer program product for the evaluation of glycemic control in diabetes from self-monitoring data
US6610012B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2003-08-26 Healthetech, Inc. System and method for remote pregnancy monitoring
US6440068B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2002-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation Measuring user health as measured by multiple diverse health measurement devices utilizing a personal storage device
AU2001263022A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-11-26 Therasense, Inc. Electrodes with multilayer membranes and methods of using and making the electrodes
US6442413B1 (en) 2000-05-15 2002-08-27 James H. Silver Implantable sensor
US7181261B2 (en) 2000-05-15 2007-02-20 Silver James H Implantable, retrievable, thrombus minimizing sensors
US7395158B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2008-07-01 Sensys Medical, Inc. Method of screening for disorders of glucose metabolism
US6361503B1 (en) 2000-06-26 2002-03-26 Mediwave Star Technology, Inc. Method and system for evaluating cardiac ischemia
WO2002017210A2 (en) 2000-08-18 2002-02-28 Cygnus, Inc. Formulation and manipulation of databases of analyte and associated values
CA2408338C (en) 2000-08-18 2009-09-08 Cygnus, Inc. Methods and devices for prediction of hypoglycemic events
EP1311189A4 (en) 2000-08-21 2005-03-09 Euro Celtique Sa Near infrared blood glucose monitoring system
DE60139411D1 (en) 2000-10-26 2009-09-10 Medtronic Inc DEVICE FOR MINIMIZING THE EFFECTS OF A HEART INJURY
US6695860B1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2004-02-24 Isense Corp. Transcutaneous sensor insertion device
US7052483B2 (en) 2000-12-19 2006-05-30 Animas Corporation Transcutaneous inserter for low-profile infusion sets
US6490479B2 (en) 2000-12-28 2002-12-03 Ge Medical Systems Information Technologies, Inc. Atrial fibrillation detection method and apparatus
US6560471B1 (en) * 2001-01-02 2003-05-06 Therasense, Inc. Analyte monitoring device and methods of use
US6666821B2 (en) 2001-01-08 2003-12-23 Medtronic, Inc. Sensor system
US6970529B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2005-11-29 International Business Machines Corporation Unified digital architecture
US20040197846A1 (en) 2001-01-18 2004-10-07 Linda Hockersmith Determination of glucose sensitivity and a method to manipulate blood glucose concentration
MXPA03006421A (en) 2001-01-22 2004-12-02 Hoffmann La Roche Lancet device having capillary action.
US6721587B2 (en) 2001-02-15 2004-04-13 Regents Of The University Of California Membrane and electrode structure for implantable sensor
EP1384193A2 (en) 2001-03-14 2004-01-28 Baxter International Inc. Internet based therapy management system
US6968294B2 (en) 2001-03-15 2005-11-22 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Automatic system for monitoring person requiring care and his/her caretaker
US6622045B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2003-09-16 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for remote programming of implantable cardiac stimulation devices
EP1397068A2 (en) 2001-04-02 2004-03-17 Therasense, Inc. Blood glucose tracking apparatus and methods
US6574490B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2003-06-03 Rio Grande Medical Technologies, Inc. System for non-invasive measurement of glucose in humans
US6698269B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2004-03-02 Oceana Sensor Technologies, Inc. Transducer in-situ testing apparatus and method
US7395214B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2008-07-01 Craig P Shillingburg Apparatus, device and method for prescribing, administering and monitoring a treatment regimen for a patient
US6676816B2 (en) 2001-05-11 2004-01-13 Therasense, Inc. Transition metal complexes with (pyridyl)imidazole ligands and sensors using said complexes
US6932894B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2005-08-23 Therasense, Inc. Biosensor membranes composed of polymers containing heterocyclic nitrogens
US7041068B2 (en) 2001-06-12 2006-05-09 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Sampling module device and method
US7179226B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2007-02-20 Animas Corporation System and method for managing diabetes
EP2319400B1 (en) 2001-06-22 2012-08-22 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland Wavelet-based analysis of pulse oximetry signals
US7044911B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2006-05-16 Philometron, Inc. Gateway platform for biological monitoring and delivery of therapeutic compounds
US6697658B2 (en) 2001-07-02 2004-02-24 Masimo Corporation Low power pulse oximeter
US20030208113A1 (en) 2001-07-18 2003-11-06 Mault James R Closed loop glycemic index system
US6754516B2 (en) 2001-07-19 2004-06-22 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Nuisance alarm reductions in a physiological monitor
US6702857B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2004-03-09 Dexcom, Inc. Membrane for use with implantable devices
US20030032874A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-02-13 Dexcom, Inc. Sensor head for use with implantable devices
US6544212B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2003-04-08 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Diabetes management system
US20040260478A1 (en) 2001-08-03 2004-12-23 Schwamm Lee H. System, process and diagnostic arrangement establishing and monitoring medication doses for patients
US20040162678A1 (en) 2001-08-13 2004-08-19 Donald Hetzel Method of screening for disorders of glucose metabolism
WO2003015629A1 (en) 2001-08-20 2003-02-27 Inverness Medical Limited Wireless diabetes management devices and methods for using the same
DE60238202D1 (en) 2001-08-22 2010-12-16 Instrumentation Lab Co METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CALIBRATING SENSORS
US7096064B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2006-08-22 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical device for treating cardiac mechanical dysfunction by electrical stimulation
US6827702B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-12-07 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Safety limits for closed-loop infusion pump control
JP2003084101A (en) 2001-09-17 2003-03-19 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Resin composition for optical device, optical device and projection screen
US7052591B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2006-05-30 Therasense, Inc. Electrodeposition of redox polymers and co-electrodeposition of enzymes by coordinative crosslinking
US6830562B2 (en) 2001-09-27 2004-12-14 Unomedical A/S Injector device for placing a subcutaneous infusion set
US6731985B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2004-05-04 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable cardiac stimulation system and method for automatic capture verification calibration
US7854230B2 (en) 2001-10-22 2010-12-21 O.R. Solutions, Inc. Heated medical instrument stand with surgical drape and method of detecting fluid and leaks in the stand tray
US7204823B2 (en) 2001-12-19 2007-04-17 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Medication delivery system and monitor
US7022072B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2006-04-04 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US7399277B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2008-07-15 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US20050027182A1 (en) 2001-12-27 2005-02-03 Uzair Siddiqui System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US20080255438A1 (en) 2001-12-27 2008-10-16 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System for monitoring physiological characteristics
US6980852B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2005-12-27 Subqiview Inc. Film barrier dressing for intravascular tissue monitoring system
US8010174B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2011-08-30 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for replacing signal artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream
US8260393B2 (en) * 2003-07-25 2012-09-04 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for replacing signal data artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream
US8364229B2 (en) 2003-07-25 2013-01-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensors having a signal-to-noise ratio substantially unaffected by non-constant noise
US9247901B2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2016-02-02 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for replacing signal artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream
US7613491B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2009-11-03 Dexcom, Inc. Silicone based membranes for use in implantable glucose sensors
US20030212379A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-11-13 Bylund Adam David Systems and methods for remotely controlling medication infusion and analyte monitoring
AU2003213638A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-09-09 Sterling Medivations, Inc. Insertion device for an insertion set and method of using the same
US6998247B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2006-02-14 Sensys Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus using alternative site glucose determinations to calibrate and maintain noninvasive and implantable analyzers
CA2480550C (en) 2002-03-22 2011-07-12 Cygnus, Inc. Improving performance of an analyte monitoring device
US6936006B2 (en) 2002-03-22 2005-08-30 Novo Nordisk, A/S Atraumatic insertion of a subcutaneous device
GB2388898B (en) 2002-04-02 2005-10-05 Inverness Medical Ltd Integrated sample testing meter
US7027848B2 (en) 2002-04-04 2006-04-11 Inlight Solutions, Inc. Apparatus and method for non-invasive spectroscopic measurement of analytes in tissue using a matched reference analyte
US7198606B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2007-04-03 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for a multi-use body fluid sampling device with analyte sensing
US7410468B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2008-08-12 Pelikan Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for penetrating tissue
US7153265B2 (en) 2002-04-22 2006-12-26 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Anti-inflammatory biosensor for reduced biofouling and enhanced sensor performance
EP1498067A1 (en) 2002-04-25 2005-01-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dosage determination supporting device, injector, and health management supporting system
US7226978B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2007-06-05 Dexcom, Inc. Techniques to improve polyurethane membranes for implantable glucose sensors
US6865407B2 (en) 2002-07-11 2005-03-08 Optical Sensors, Inc. Calibration technique for non-invasive medical devices
US20040010207A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-01-15 Flaherty J. Christopher Self-contained, automatic transcutaneous physiologic sensing system
AU2003302720B9 (en) 2002-07-19 2008-08-21 Smiths Detection-Pasadena, Inc. Non-specific sensor array detectors
US7278983B2 (en) 2002-07-24 2007-10-09 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Physiological monitoring device for controlling a medication infusion device
EP1534121B1 (en) 2002-08-13 2014-01-22 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method, system, and computer program product for the processing of self-monitoring blood glucose(smbg)data to enhance diabetic self-management
US7404796B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2008-07-29 Becton Dickinson And Company System for determining insulin dose using carbohydrate to insulin ratio and insulin sensitivity factor
US6912413B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2005-06-28 Ge Healthcare Finland Oy Pulse oximeter
US7192405B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2007-03-20 Becton, Dickinson And Company Integrated lancet and bodily fluid sensor
KR101226540B1 (en) 2002-10-11 2013-01-25 벡톤 디킨슨 앤드 컴퍼니 System and method for initiating and maintaining continuous, long-term control of a concentration of a substance in a patient using a feedback or model-based controller coupled to a single-needle or multi-needle intradermal (ID) delivery device
US7029443B2 (en) 2002-10-21 2006-04-18 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for monitoring blood glucose levels using an implantable medical device
US7381184B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2008-06-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor inserter assembly
US7572237B2 (en) 2002-11-06 2009-08-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Automatic biological analyte testing meter with integrated lancing device and methods of use
US6931328B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2005-08-16 Optiscan Biomedical Corp. Analyte detection system with software download capabilities
US7052472B1 (en) 2002-12-18 2006-05-30 Dsp Diabetes Sentry Products, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting symptoms of hypoglycemia
US20040122353A1 (en) 2002-12-19 2004-06-24 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Relay device for transferring information between a sensor system and a fluid delivery system
US7811231B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2010-10-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous glucose monitoring system and methods of use
US7396330B2 (en) * 2003-01-07 2008-07-08 Triage Data Networks Wireless, internet-based medical-diagnostic system
US7207947B2 (en) 2003-01-10 2007-04-24 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for detecting circadian states using an implantable medical device
US20040172307A1 (en) 2003-02-06 2004-09-02 Gruber Martin A. Electronic medical record method
WO2004084820A2 (en) 2003-03-19 2004-10-07 Harry Hebblewhite Method and system for determining insulin dosing schedules and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios in diabetic patients
US7134999B2 (en) 2003-04-04 2006-11-14 Dexcom, Inc. Optimized sensor geometry for an implantable glucose sensor
CA2520880A1 (en) 2003-04-18 2004-11-04 Insulet Corporation User interface for infusion pump remote controller and method of using the same
US7103412B1 (en) 2003-05-02 2006-09-05 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable cardiac stimulation device and method for detecting asymptomatic diabetes
US7875293B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2011-01-25 Dexcom, Inc. Biointerface membranes incorporating bioactive agents
US7258673B2 (en) 2003-06-06 2007-08-21 Lifescan, Inc Devices, systems and methods for extracting bodily fluid and monitoring an analyte therein
US20050016276A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2005-01-27 Palo Alto Sensor Technology Innovation Frequency encoding of resonant mass sensors
US8460243B2 (en) 2003-06-10 2013-06-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Glucose measuring module and insulin pump combination
US8066639B2 (en) * 2003-06-10 2011-11-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Glucose measuring device for use in personal area network
US20040254433A1 (en) 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Bandis Steven D. Sensor introducer system, apparatus and method
US7142911B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2006-11-28 Pacesetter, Inc. Method and apparatus for monitoring drug effects on cardiac electrical signals using an implantable cardiac stimulation device
US7510564B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2009-03-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Lancing device
WO2005007223A2 (en) 2003-07-16 2005-01-27 Sasha John Programmable medical drug delivery systems and methods for delivery of multiple fluids and concentrations
US7460898B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-12-02 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
US7366556B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-04-29 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
EP1649260A4 (en) 2003-07-25 2010-07-07 Dexcom Inc Electrode systems for electrochemical sensors
US7467003B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-12-16 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
US20050176136A1 (en) 2003-11-19 2005-08-11 Dexcom, Inc. Afinity domain for analyte sensor
WO2007120442A2 (en) 2003-07-25 2007-10-25 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
EP1648298A4 (en) 2003-07-25 2010-01-13 Dexcom Inc Oxygen enhancing membrane systems for implantable devices
EP1652088B1 (en) 2003-07-25 2017-09-13 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH Method and device for monitoring a system
US8423113B2 (en) 2003-07-25 2013-04-16 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US7424318B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-09-09 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
WO2005019795A2 (en) 2003-07-25 2005-03-03 Dexcom, Inc. Electrochemical sensors including electrode systems with increased oxygen generation
US8761856B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2014-06-24 Dexcom, Inc. System and methods for processing analyte sensor data
US8886273B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2014-11-11 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8369919B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2013-02-05 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US9135402B2 (en) 2007-12-17 2015-09-15 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US8275437B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2012-09-25 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US7774145B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2010-08-10 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US7519408B2 (en) 2003-11-19 2009-04-14 Dexcom, Inc. Integrated receiver for continuous analyte sensor
US6931327B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2005-08-16 Dexcom, Inc. System and methods for processing analyte sensor data
US8626257B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2014-01-07 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8285354B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2012-10-09 Dexcom, Inc. System and methods for processing analyte sensor data
US7591801B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2009-09-22 Dexcom, Inc. Integrated delivery device for continuous glucose sensor
US6954662B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2005-10-11 A.D. Integrity Applications, Ltd. Method of monitoring glucose level
US7920906B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2011-04-05 Dexcom, Inc. System and methods for processing analyte sensor data for sensor calibration
US20070066873A1 (en) 2003-08-22 2007-03-22 Apurv Kamath Systems and methods for processing analyte sensor data
PL1677668T3 (en) 2003-10-13 2010-12-31 Novo Nordisk As Apparatus and method for determining a physiological condition
US20050090607A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2005-04-28 Dexcom, Inc. Silicone composition for biocompatible membrane
US6928380B2 (en) 2003-10-30 2005-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Thermal measurements of electronic devices during operation
US7299082B2 (en) 2003-10-31 2007-11-20 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method of calibrating an analyte-measurement device, and associated methods, devices and systems
US20090012376A1 (en) 2003-11-03 2009-01-08 Children's Medical Center Corporation Continuous Analyte Monitor and Method of Using Same
US8532730B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-09-10 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8425417B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2013-04-23 Dexcom, Inc. Integrated device for continuous in vivo analyte detection and simultaneous control of an infusion device
US20080200788A1 (en) 2006-10-04 2008-08-21 Dexcorn, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8364231B2 (en) * 2006-10-04 2013-01-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8425416B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-04-23 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8287453B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2012-10-16 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8364230B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-01-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
ATE480761T1 (en) 2003-12-05 2010-09-15 Dexcom Inc CALIBRATION METHODS FOR A CONTINUOUSLY WORKING ANALYTICAL SENSOR
US8423114B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-04-16 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
US20080197024A1 (en) 2003-12-05 2008-08-21 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
ATE474219T1 (en) 2003-12-08 2010-07-15 Dexcom Inc SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYT SENSORS
WO2005057175A2 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-06-23 Dexcom, Inc. Signal processing for continuous analyte sensor
US7076300B1 (en) 2003-12-24 2006-07-11 Pacesetter, Inc. Implantable cardiac stimulation device and method that discriminates between and treats atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation
US7637868B2 (en) 2004-01-12 2009-12-29 Dexcom, Inc. Composite material for implantable device
US7580812B2 (en) 2004-01-28 2009-08-25 Honeywell International Inc. Trending system and method using window filtering
US8165651B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2012-04-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor, and associated system and method employing a catalytic agent
US7699964B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2010-04-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Membrane suitable for use in an analyte sensor, analyte sensor, and associated method
WO2005079257A2 (en) 2004-02-12 2005-09-01 Dexcom, Inc. Biointerface with macro- and micro- architecture
CA2556331A1 (en) 2004-02-17 2005-09-29 Therasense, Inc. Method and system for providing data communication in continuous glucose monitoring and management system
US8808228B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2014-08-19 Dexcom, Inc. Integrated medicament delivery device for use with continuous analyte sensor
CA2556592C (en) 2004-02-26 2014-01-28 Lars Gustaf Liljeryd Metabolic monitoring, a method and apparatus for indicating a health-related condition of a subject
DE102004011135A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2005-09-29 Disetronic Licensing Ag Method and apparatus for calculating a bolus amount
JP5051767B2 (en) 2004-03-22 2012-10-17 ボディーメディア インコーポレイテッド Device for monitoring human condition parameters
JP2007535974A (en) 2004-03-26 2007-12-13 ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス Display device for related data of diabetic patients
US6971274B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2005-12-06 Sierra Instruments, Inc. Immersible thermal mass flow meter
WO2005106017A2 (en) 2004-04-21 2005-11-10 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method, system and computer program product for evaluating the accuracy of blood glucose monitoring sensors/devices
US8277713B2 (en) * 2004-05-03 2012-10-02 Dexcom, Inc. Implantable analyte sensor
US20050245799A1 (en) 2004-05-03 2005-11-03 Dexcom, Inc. Implantable analyte sensor
US7118667B2 (en) 2004-06-02 2006-10-10 Jin Po Lee Biosensors having improved sample application and uses thereof
CA3090413C (en) 2004-06-04 2023-10-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Glucose monitoring and graphical representations in a data management system
US7623988B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2009-11-24 Cybiocare Inc. Method and apparatus for the monitoring of clinical states
US7233822B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2007-06-19 Medtronic, Inc. Combination of electrogram and intra-cardiac pressure to discriminate between fibrillation and tachycardia
US20060001538A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Ulrich Kraft Methods of monitoring the concentration of an analyte
US20060015020A1 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-19 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacture of an analyte-measuring device including a membrane system
US7783333B2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2010-08-24 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous medical device with variable stiffness
US20060016700A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2006-01-26 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US20060020192A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2006-01-26 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
WO2006127694A2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2006-11-30 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US7640048B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2009-12-29 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8565848B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2013-10-22 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US20080242961A1 (en) 2004-07-13 2008-10-02 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US8452368B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2013-05-28 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US7344500B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2008-03-18 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Sensing system with auxiliary display
US8313433B2 (en) * 2004-08-06 2012-11-20 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Medical data management system and process
JP2008511373A (en) 2004-09-03 2008-04-17 ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス Method for calibrating a system for measuring the concentration of a body substance and apparatus for carrying out the method
US7468033B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2008-12-23 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Blood contacting sensor
JPWO2006070827A1 (en) 2004-12-28 2008-06-12 新世代株式会社 Health care support system and recording medium
US8512243B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2013-08-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Integrated introducer and transmitter assembly and methods of use
US7731657B2 (en) 2005-08-30 2010-06-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor introducer and methods of use
US9398882B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2016-07-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte sensor and data processing device
US7883464B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2011-02-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Integrated transmitter unit and sensor introducer mechanism and methods of use
US20070027381A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Therasense, Inc. Inserter and methods of use
US20090082693A1 (en) 2004-12-29 2009-03-26 Therasense, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing temperature sensor module in a data communication system
US20060166629A1 (en) 2005-01-24 2006-07-27 Therasense, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing EMC Class-B compliant RF transmitter for data monitoring an detection systems
US7502644B2 (en) 2005-01-25 2009-03-10 Pacesetter, Inc. System and method for distinguishing among cardiac ischemia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia using an implantable medical device
US20060173260A1 (en) 2005-01-31 2006-08-03 Gmms Ltd System, device and method for diabetes treatment and monitoring
US7547281B2 (en) 2005-02-01 2009-06-16 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Algorithm sensor augmented bolus estimator for semi-closed loop infusion system
US7499002B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2009-03-03 International Business Machines Corporation Retractable string interface for stationary and portable devices
US7545272B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2009-06-09 Therasense, Inc. RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes
AU2006212007A1 (en) 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow Sensing device, apparatus and system, and method for operating the same
KR100638727B1 (en) 2005-02-28 2006-10-30 삼성전기주식회사 Concurrent transceiver for zigbee and bluetooth
US20090076360A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2009-03-19 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US20070071681A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2007-03-29 Entelos, Inc. Apparatus and method for computer modeling type 1 diabetes
US7889069B2 (en) 2005-04-01 2011-02-15 Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. Wireless patient monitoring system
US20090054753A1 (en) 2007-08-21 2009-02-26 Mark Ries Robinson Variable Sampling Interval for Blood Analyte Determinations
WO2006110193A2 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-10-19 Dexcom, Inc. Cellulosic-based interference domain for an analyte sensor
US7590443B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2009-09-15 Pacesetter, Inc System and method for detecting hypoglycemia based on a paced depolarization integral using an implantable medical device
US20060247985A1 (en) 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Therasense, Inc. Method and system for monitoring consumable item usage and providing replenishment thereof
US8112240B2 (en) 2005-04-29 2012-02-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing leak detection in data monitoring and management systems
US20060264783A1 (en) 2005-05-09 2006-11-23 Holmes Elizabeth A Systems and methods for monitoring pharmacological parameters
US7604178B2 (en) 2005-05-11 2009-10-20 Intelleflex Corporation Smart tag activation
CA2612714C (en) 2005-05-13 2013-09-24 Trustees Of Boston University Fully automated control system for type 1 diabetes
US7541935B2 (en) 2005-05-19 2009-06-02 Proacticare Llc System and methods for monitoring caregiver performance
JP2008542764A (en) 2005-06-02 2008-11-27 アイセンス コーポレーション Filtering and use of multiple data points in analyte sensors
US20070033074A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2007-02-08 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Therapy management system
US20060272652A1 (en) 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Virtual patient software system for educating and treating individuals with diabetes
EP1741384B1 (en) 2005-07-08 2009-11-11 Draeger Medical Systems, Inc. A system for adjusting power employed by a medical device
CA2620586A1 (en) 2005-08-31 2007-03-08 Boris P. Kovatchev Improving the accuracy of continuous glucose sensors
ES2575660T3 (en) 2005-09-09 2016-06-30 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag System, tools, devices and program for diabetic care
US8298389B2 (en) 2005-09-12 2012-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. In vitro analyte sensor, and methods
US9072476B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2015-07-07 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Flexible sensor apparatus
US7846311B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2010-12-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. In vitro analyte sensor and methods of use
US7756561B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-07-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems
US9521968B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2016-12-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor retention mechanism and methods of use
US7468125B2 (en) 2005-10-17 2008-12-23 Lifescan, Inc. System and method of processing a current sample for calculating a glucose concentration
US20070095661A1 (en) 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Yi Wang Method of making, and, analyte sensor
US7766829B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2010-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing basal profile modification in analyte monitoring and management systems
EP3064236B1 (en) 2005-11-08 2020-02-05 Bigfoot Biomedical, Inc. Method and system for manual and autonomous control of an infusion pump
US20070173706A1 (en) 2005-11-11 2007-07-26 Isense Corporation Method and apparatus for insertion of a sensor
US7918975B2 (en) 2005-11-17 2011-04-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analytical sensors for biological fluid
US20070118030A1 (en) 2005-11-22 2007-05-24 Isense Corporation Method and apparatus for analyte data telemetry
WO2007062173A1 (en) 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Vocollect Healthcare Systems, Inc. Advanced diabetes management system (adms)
US7963917B2 (en) 2005-12-05 2011-06-21 Echo Therapeutics, Inc. System and method for continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring
US7941200B2 (en) 2005-12-08 2011-05-10 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for determining drug administration information
CA2636034A1 (en) 2005-12-28 2007-10-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Medical device insertion
US8515518B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2013-08-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring
US8160670B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2012-04-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring: stabilizer for subcutaneous glucose sensor with incorporated antiglycolytic agent
EP2004796B1 (en) 2006-01-18 2015-04-08 DexCom, Inc. Membranes for an analyte sensor
US20070179349A1 (en) 2006-01-19 2007-08-02 Hoyme Kenneth P System and method for providing goal-oriented patient management based upon comparative population data analysis
US7736310B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2010-06-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. On-body medical device securement
EP3649925A1 (en) 2006-02-22 2020-05-13 DexCom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US20070202562A1 (en) 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Curry Kenneth M Flux limiting membrane for intravenous amperometric biosensor
US7811430B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2010-10-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Biosensors and methods of making
US7826879B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2010-11-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of use
US7981034B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2011-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Smart messages and alerts for an infusion delivery and management system
US7885698B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2011-02-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing continuous calibration of implantable analyte sensors
US7887682B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2011-02-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of use
US7630748B2 (en) * 2006-10-25 2009-12-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US7618369B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2009-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for dynamically updating calibration parameters for an analyte sensor
US8346335B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2013-01-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US8226891B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2012-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods therefor
US8140312B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2012-03-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for determining analyte levels
US8473022B2 (en) 2008-01-31 2013-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with time lag compensation
US20070233013A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2007-10-04 Schoenberg Stephen J Covers for tissue engaging members
US7620438B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2009-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for powering an electronic device
US7653425B2 (en) 2006-08-09 2010-01-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing calibration of an analyte sensor in an analyte monitoring system
US8224415B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-07-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US9392969B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2016-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control and signal attenuation detection
US9339217B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2016-05-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods of use
US8380300B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2013-02-19 Medtronic, Inc. Efficacy visualization
US20090054749A1 (en) 2006-05-31 2009-02-26 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and System for Providing Data Transmission in a Data Management System
US7920907B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2011-04-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and method
US20080177149A1 (en) 2006-06-16 2008-07-24 Stefan Weinert System and method for collecting patient information from which diabetes therapy may be determined
US20070299617A1 (en) 2006-06-27 2007-12-27 Willis John P Biofouling self-compensating biosensor
US20090105560A1 (en) 2006-06-28 2009-04-23 David Solomon Lifestyle and eating advisor based on physiological and biological rhythm monitoring
US20080004601A1 (en) 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte Monitoring and Therapy Management System and Methods Therefor
US9119582B2 (en) 2006-06-30 2015-09-01 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Integrated analyte sensor and infusion device and methods therefor
WO2008053368A2 (en) 2006-07-07 2008-05-08 Medingo Ltd. Fluid delivery device and methods of its operation
EP2037798B1 (en) 2006-07-10 2012-10-31 Accenture Global Services Limited Mobile personal services platform for providing feedback
US7908334B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2011-03-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System and method for addressing implantable devices
US7866026B1 (en) 2006-08-01 2011-01-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method for making calibration-adjusted sensors
US8932216B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2015-01-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US9056165B2 (en) 2006-09-06 2015-06-16 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Intelligent therapy recommendation algorithm and method of using the same
US8478377B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-07-02 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8275438B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2012-09-25 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8449464B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-05-28 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8298142B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2012-10-30 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US7831287B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2010-11-09 Dexcom, Inc. Dual electrode system for a continuous analyte sensor
US8562528B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-10-22 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8447376B2 (en) 2006-10-04 2013-05-21 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8255026B1 (en) 2006-10-12 2012-08-28 Masimo Corporation, Inc. Patient monitor capable of monitoring the quality of attached probes and accessories
AU2007308804A1 (en) 2006-10-26 2008-05-02 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
US20130324823A1 (en) 2006-11-20 2013-12-05 Modz Oy Measurement device, system and method
US20080139910A1 (en) 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Metronic Minimed, Inc. Analyte sensor and method of using the same
US20080154513A1 (en) 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Systems, Methods and Computer Program Codes for Recognition of Patterns of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia, Increased Glucose Variability, and Ineffective Self-Monitoring in Diabetes
US20080161666A1 (en) 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte devices and methods
US7946985B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-05-24 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Method and system for providing sensor redundancy
US7734323B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2010-06-08 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Correction factor testing using frequent blood glucose input
US10154804B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2018-12-18 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Model predictive method and system for controlling and supervising insulin infusion
US9597019B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2017-03-21 Lifescan, Inc. Method of ensuring date and time on a test meter is accurate
US8732188B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2014-05-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing contextual based medication dosage determination
US7751864B2 (en) 2007-03-01 2010-07-06 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for operating an electrochemical analyte sensor
US20080234943A1 (en) 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Pinaki Ray Computer program for diabetes management
WO2008130896A1 (en) 2007-04-14 2008-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9008743B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2015-04-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
CA2683930A1 (en) 2007-04-14 2008-10-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
WO2009096992A1 (en) 2007-04-14 2009-08-06 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
CA2683959C (en) 2007-04-14 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US8236166B2 (en) 2007-04-27 2012-08-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. No calibration analyte sensors and methods
US20080278332A1 (en) 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods
US10002233B2 (en) * 2007-05-14 2018-06-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8103471B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2012-01-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8239166B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2012-08-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8444560B2 (en) * 2007-05-14 2013-05-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US20080312845A1 (en) 2007-05-14 2008-12-18 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8260558B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2012-09-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9125548B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2015-09-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8560038B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-10-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8600681B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-12-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US7996158B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2011-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
EP2156684A4 (en) 2007-05-14 2012-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US20080300572A1 (en) 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Wireless monitor for a personal medical device system
WO2008154312A1 (en) 2007-06-08 2008-12-18 Dexcom, Inc. Integrated medicament delivery device for use with continuous analyte sensor
EP2166929B1 (en) 2007-06-15 2012-12-19 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Visualization of a parameter which is measured on the human body
US9754078B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2017-09-05 Immersion Corporation Haptic health feedback monitoring
CA2690870C (en) 2007-06-21 2017-07-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Health monitor
EP3533387A3 (en) 2007-06-21 2019-11-13 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Health management devices and methods
EP2170158B1 (en) 2007-06-27 2017-07-05 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Patient information input interface for a therapy system
EP2562664B1 (en) 2007-06-27 2020-11-25 Roche Diabetes Care GmbH System for determining an insulin delivery and communicating a dose in automated pancreas software
EP2170159B8 (en) 2007-06-29 2016-09-21 Roche Diabetes Care GmbH Combination communication device and medical device for communicating wirelessly with a remote medical device
US20090036760A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8834366B2 (en) * 2007-07-31 2014-09-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte sensor calibration
CA2694931C (en) 2007-07-31 2014-04-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US7768386B2 (en) * 2007-07-31 2010-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US7731658B2 (en) 2007-08-16 2010-06-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Glycemic control monitoring using implantable medical device
US9968742B2 (en) 2007-08-29 2018-05-15 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Combined sensor and infusion set using separated sites
US20090063402A1 (en) 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and System for Providing Medication Level Determination
US20090143725A1 (en) 2007-08-31 2009-06-04 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method of Optimizing Efficacy of Therapeutic Agent
DE102007047351A1 (en) 2007-10-02 2009-04-09 B. Braun Melsungen Ag System and method for monitoring and controlling blood glucose levels
US20090085768A1 (en) 2007-10-02 2009-04-02 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Glucose sensor transceiver
US8216138B1 (en) 2007-10-23 2012-07-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Correlation of alternative site blood and interstitial fluid glucose concentrations to venous glucose concentration
US8377031B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2013-02-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system with safety parameters and methods
US8417312B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2013-04-09 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US20090112626A1 (en) 2007-10-30 2009-04-30 Cary Talbot Remote wireless monitoring, processing, and communication of patient data
US7783442B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2010-08-24 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. System and methods for calibrating physiological characteristic sensors
JP5000765B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2012-08-15 カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド Battery consumption detection system and battery consumption detection method in an embedded device
US9839395B2 (en) 2007-12-17 2017-12-12 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for processing sensor data
US20090164239A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Dynamic Display Of Glucose Information
US20090164190A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Physiological condition simulation device and method
US20090163855A1 (en) 2007-12-24 2009-06-25 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Infusion system with adaptive user interface
US20090299155A1 (en) 2008-01-30 2009-12-03 Dexcom, Inc. Continuous cardiac marker sensor system
CA2715624A1 (en) 2008-02-20 2009-08-27 Dexcom, Inc. Continuous medicament sensor system for in vivo use
EP2252196A4 (en) 2008-02-21 2013-05-15 Dexcom Inc Systems and methods for processing, transmitting and displaying sensor data
US20090242399A1 (en) 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US8396528B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2013-03-12 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US20090247855A1 (en) 2008-03-28 2009-10-01 Dexcom, Inc. Polymer membranes for continuous analyte sensors
NO2260423T3 (en) 2008-04-04 2018-07-28
EP2982383B1 (en) 2008-04-10 2019-05-15 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method for sterilizing an analyte sensor
US7783342B2 (en) 2008-04-21 2010-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for inferring disease similarity by shape matching of ECG time series
US7938797B2 (en) 2008-05-05 2011-05-10 Asante Solutions, Inc. Infusion pump system
US20100057040A1 (en) 2008-08-31 2010-03-04 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Robust Closed Loop Control And Methods
US8734422B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-05-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with improved alarm functions
US9943644B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2018-04-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with reference measurement and methods thereof
WO2010030609A1 (en) 2008-09-09 2010-03-18 Vivomedical, Inc. Sweat collection devices for glucose measurement
CN102197304B (en) 2008-11-04 2013-08-28 松下电器产业株式会社 Measurement device, insulin infusion device, measurement method, method for controlling insulin infusion device, and program
US9320470B2 (en) 2008-12-31 2016-04-26 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Method and/or system for sensor artifact filtering
US8974439B2 (en) 2009-01-02 2015-03-10 Asante Solutions, Inc. Infusion pump system and methods
DK3912551T3 (en) 2009-02-26 2023-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Procedure for calibrating an analyte sensor
US9446194B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2016-09-20 Dexcom, Inc. Methods and systems for promoting glucose management
EP2413781B1 (en) 2009-03-31 2019-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Overnight closed-loop insulin delivery with model predictive control and glucose measurement error model
EP3970610A3 (en) 2009-07-02 2022-05-18 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of manufacturing same
US20120165626A1 (en) 2009-07-13 2012-06-28 Irina Finkelshtein V Devices, methods, and kits for determining analyte concentrations
US8494786B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2013-07-23 Covidien Lp Exponential sampling of red and infrared signals
RU2012105949A (en) 2009-08-10 2013-09-20 Диабетес Тоолс Сведен АБ DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING DATA VALUE SET
US8868151B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2014-10-21 Bayer Healthcare Llc Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy enabled continuous glucose monitoring sensor system
EP2473098A4 (en) 2009-08-31 2014-04-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Analyte signal processing device and methods
US9357951B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2016-06-07 Dexcom, Inc. Transcutaneous analyte sensor
US9949672B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2018-04-24 Ascensia Diabetes Care Holdings Ag Apparatus, systems and methods for determining and displaying pre-event and post-event analyte concentration levels
US8579879B2 (en) 2010-02-19 2013-11-12 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed-loop glucose control startup
US20110208027A1 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Methods And Systems For Providing Therapeutic Guidelines To A Person Having Diabetes
US8543354B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2013-09-24 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Glucose sensor signal stability analysis
US9336353B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2016-05-10 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for communicating sensor data between communication devices of a glucose monitoring system
EP2621339B1 (en) 2010-09-29 2020-01-15 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced continuous analyte monitoring system
US9241631B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2016-01-26 Dexcom, Inc. Continuous analyte monitor data recording device operable in a blinded mode
US8657746B2 (en) 2010-10-28 2014-02-25 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Glucose sensor signal purity analysis
US20120165640A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Structured blood glucose testing performed on handheld diabetes management devices
US20140088392A1 (en) 2011-02-11 2014-03-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Feedback from Cloud or HCP to Payer or Patient via Meter or Cell Phone
DK2685895T3 (en) 2011-03-17 2019-01-21 Univ Newcastle System for self-monitoring and regulation of blood glucose
WO2013022775A1 (en) 2011-08-05 2013-02-14 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting glucose level data patterns
US9622691B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US10132793B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-11-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US9907492B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2018-03-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for improving lag correction during in vivo measurement of analyte concentration with analyte concentration variability and range data
US9211092B2 (en) 2013-01-03 2015-12-15 Dexcom, Inc. End of life detection for analyte sensors
US9227014B2 (en) 2013-02-07 2016-01-05 The Board Of Trustees Of The Laland Stanford Junior University Kalman filter based on-off switch for insulin pump
WO2014152034A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor fault detection using analyte sensor data pattern comparison

Patent Citations (102)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581062A (en) 1968-02-19 1971-05-25 Pavelle Corp Electronic thermostat
US3949388A (en) 1972-11-13 1976-04-06 Monitron Industries, Inc. Physiological sensor and transmitter
US3926760A (en) 1973-09-28 1975-12-16 Du Pont Process for electrophoretic deposition of polymer
US4245634A (en) 1975-01-22 1981-01-20 Hospital For Sick Children Artificial beta cell
US3978856A (en) 1975-03-20 1976-09-07 Michel Walter A Heart beat waveform monitoring apparatus
US4036749A (en) 1975-04-30 1977-07-19 Anderson Donald R Purification of saline water
US4055175A (en) 1976-05-07 1977-10-25 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Blood glucose control apparatus
US4129128A (en) 1977-02-23 1978-12-12 Mcfarlane Richard H Securing device for catheter placement assembly
US4344438A (en) 1978-08-02 1982-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Optical sensor of plasma constituents
US4349728A (en) 1978-12-07 1982-09-14 Australasian Training Aids Pty. Ltd. Target apparatus
US4425920A (en) 1980-10-24 1984-01-17 Purdue Research Foundation Apparatus and method for measurement and control of blood pressure
US4327725A (en) 1980-11-25 1982-05-04 Alza Corporation Osmotic device with hydrogel driving member
US4478976A (en) 1981-09-25 1984-10-23 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Water-insoluble protein material, its preparation and its use
US4494950A (en) 1982-01-19 1985-01-22 The Johns Hopkins University Plural module medication delivery system
US4619793A (en) 1982-04-29 1986-10-28 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Method of producing annealed polyvinyl alcohol contact lens
US4509531A (en) 1982-07-28 1985-04-09 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Personal physiological monitor
US4527240A (en) 1982-12-29 1985-07-02 Kvitash Vadim I Balascopy method for detecting and rapidly evaluating multiple imbalances within multi-parametric systems
US5509410A (en) 1983-06-06 1996-04-23 Medisense, Inc. Strip electrode including screen printing of a single layer
US4538616A (en) 1983-07-25 1985-09-03 Robert Rogoff Blood sugar level sensing and monitoring transducer
US4779618A (en) 1984-08-10 1988-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device and method for the physiological frequency control of a heart pacemaker equipped with a stimulating electrode
US5279294A (en) 1985-04-08 1994-01-18 Cascade Medical, Inc. Medical diagnostic system
US4671288A (en) 1985-06-13 1987-06-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Electrochemical cell sensor for continuous short-term use in tissues and blood
US4890620A (en) 1985-09-20 1990-01-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Two-dimensional diffusion glucose substrate sensing electrode
US4757022A (en) 1986-04-15 1988-07-12 Markwell Medical Institute, Inc. Biological fluid measuring device
US4703756A (en) 1986-05-06 1987-11-03 The Regents Of The University Of California Complete glucose monitoring system with an implantable, telemetered sensor module
US4731726A (en) 1986-05-19 1988-03-15 Healthware Corporation Patient-operated glucose monitor and diabetes management system
US5055171A (en) 1986-10-06 1991-10-08 T And G Corporation Ionic semiconductor materials and applications thereof
US4854322A (en) 1987-02-25 1989-08-08 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Capillary filtration and collection device for long-term monitoring of blood constituents
US5002054A (en) 1987-02-25 1991-03-26 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Interstitial filtration and collection device and method for long-term monitoring of physiological constituents of the body
US4777953A (en) 1987-02-25 1988-10-18 Ash Medical Systems, Inc. Capillary filtration and collection method for long-term monitoring of blood constituents
US4749985A (en) 1987-04-13 1988-06-07 United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Functional relationship-based alarm processing
US5019974A (en) 1987-05-01 1991-05-28 Diva Medical Systems Bv Diabetes management system and apparatus
US4925268A (en) 1988-07-25 1990-05-15 Abbott Laboratories Fiber-optic physiological probes
US5000180A (en) 1988-08-03 1991-03-19 Biomedical Systems Inc. Polarographic-amperometric three-electrode sensor
US5340722A (en) 1988-08-24 1994-08-23 Avl Medical Instruments Ag Method for the determination of the concentration of an enzyme substrate and a sensor for carrying out the method
US4995402A (en) 1988-10-12 1991-02-26 Thorne, Smith, Astill Technologies, Inc. Medical droplet whole blood and like monitoring
US5360404A (en) 1988-12-14 1994-11-01 Inviro Medical Devices Ltd. Needle guard and needle assembly for syringe
US5379238A (en) 1989-03-03 1995-01-03 Stark; Edward W. Signal processing method and apparatus
US4953552A (en) 1989-04-21 1990-09-04 Demarzo Arthur P Blood glucose monitoring system
US5106365A (en) 1989-06-16 1992-04-21 Europhor Sa Microdialysis probe
US5431160A (en) 1989-07-19 1995-07-11 University Of New Mexico Miniature implantable refillable glucose sensor and material therefor
US4986271A (en) 1989-07-19 1991-01-22 The University Of New Mexico Vivo refillable glucose sensor
US5320725A (en) 1989-08-02 1994-06-14 E. Heller & Company Electrode and method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
US5264105A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-23 Gregg Brian A Enzyme electrodes
US5262035A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-16 E. Heller And Company Enzyme electrodes
US5264104A (en) 1989-08-02 1993-11-23 Gregg Brian A Enzyme electrodes
US5050612A (en) 1989-09-12 1991-09-24 Matsumura Kenneth N Device for computer-assisted monitoring of the body
US5082550A (en) 1989-12-11 1992-01-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Enzyme electrochemical sensor electrode and method of making it
US5342789A (en) 1989-12-14 1994-08-30 Sensor Technologies, Inc. Method and device for detecting and quantifying glucose in body fluids
US5165407A (en) 1990-04-19 1992-11-24 The University Of Kansas Implantable glucose sensor
US5431921A (en) 1990-09-28 1995-07-11 Pfizer Inc Dispensing device containing a hydrophobic medium
US5293877A (en) 1990-12-12 1994-03-15 Sherwood Ims, Inc. Body temperature thermometer and method fo measuring human body temperature utilizing calibration mapping
US5262305A (en) 1991-03-04 1993-11-16 E. Heller & Company Interferant eliminating biosensors
US5356786A (en) 1991-03-04 1994-10-18 E. Heller & Company Interferant eliminating biosensor
US5653239A (en) 1991-03-08 1997-08-05 Exergen Corporation Continuous temperature monitor
US5122925A (en) 1991-04-22 1992-06-16 Control Products, Inc. Package for electronic components
US5462645A (en) 1991-09-20 1995-10-31 Imperial College Of Science, Technology & Medicine Dialysis electrode device
US5322063A (en) 1991-10-04 1994-06-21 Eli Lilly And Company Hydrophilic polyurethane membranes for electrochemical glucose sensors
US5372427A (en) 1991-12-19 1994-12-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Temperature sensor
US5285792A (en) 1992-01-10 1994-02-15 Physio-Control Corporation System for producing prioritized alarm messages in a medical instrument
US5246867A (en) 1992-01-17 1993-09-21 University Of Maryland At Baltimore Determination and quantification of saccharides by luminescence lifetimes and energy transfer
US5514718A (en) 1992-03-03 1996-05-07 Merck, Sharp & Dohme Limited Heterocyclic compounds, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
US5711001A (en) 1992-05-08 1998-01-20 Motorola, Inc. Method and circuit for acquisition by a radio receiver
US5531878A (en) 1992-05-29 1996-07-02 The Victoria University Of Manchester Sensor devices
US5376070A (en) 1992-09-29 1994-12-27 Minimed Inc. Data transfer system for an infusion pump
US5408999A (en) 1992-10-23 1995-04-25 Optex Biomedical, Inc. Fiber-optic probe for the measurement of fluid parameters
US5899855A (en) 1992-11-17 1999-05-04 Health Hero Network, Inc. Modular microprocessor-based health monitoring system
US5411647A (en) 1992-11-23 1995-05-02 Eli Lilly And Company Techniques to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors
US5299571A (en) 1993-01-22 1994-04-05 Eli Lilly And Company Apparatus and method for implantation of sensors
US5957854A (en) 1993-09-04 1999-09-28 Besson; Marcus Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment
US5582184A (en) 1993-10-13 1996-12-10 Integ Incorporated Interstitial fluid collection and constituent measurement
US5497772A (en) 1993-11-19 1996-03-12 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Glucose monitoring system
US5791344A (en) 1993-11-19 1998-08-11 Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research Patient monitoring system
US6083710A (en) 1993-12-02 2000-07-04 E. Heller & Company Electrochemical analyte measurement system
US5593852A (en) 1993-12-02 1997-01-14 Heller; Adam Subcutaneous glucose electrode
US5965380A (en) 1993-12-02 1999-10-12 E. Heller & Company Subcutaneous glucose electrode
US5925021A (en) 1994-03-09 1999-07-20 Visionary Medical Products, Inc. Medication delivery device with a microprocessor and characteristic monitor
US5391250A (en) 1994-03-15 1995-02-21 Minimed Inc. Method of fabricating thin film sensors
US5390671A (en) 1994-03-15 1995-02-21 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5609575A (en) 1994-04-11 1997-03-11 Graseby Medical Limited Infusion pump and method with dose-rate calculation
US5569186A (en) 1994-04-25 1996-10-29 Minimed Inc. Closed loop infusion pump system with removable glucose sensor
US5507288B1 (en) 1994-05-05 1997-07-08 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Analytical system for monitoring a substance to be analyzed in patient-blood
US5507288A (en) 1994-05-05 1996-04-16 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Analytical system for monitoring a substance to be analyzed in patient-blood
US5586553A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-12-24 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5568806A (en) 1995-02-16 1996-10-29 Minimed Inc. Transcutaneous sensor insertion set
US5628310A (en) 1995-05-19 1997-05-13 Joseph R. Lakowicz Method and apparatus to perform trans-cutaneous analyte monitoring
US5995860A (en) 1995-07-06 1999-11-30 Thomas Jefferson University Implantable sensor and system for measurement and control of blood constituent levels
US5665222A (en) 1995-10-11 1997-09-09 E. Heller & Company Soybean peroxidase electrochemical sensor
US5711861A (en) 1995-11-22 1998-01-27 Ward; W. Kenneth Device for monitoring changes in analyte concentration
US5772586A (en) 1996-02-12 1998-06-30 Nokia Mobile Phones, Ltd. Method for monitoring the health of a patient
US6091976A (en) 1996-05-09 2000-07-18 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Determination of glucose concentration in tissue
US6049727A (en) 1996-07-08 2000-04-11 Animas Corporation Implantable sensor and system for in vivo measurement and control of fluid constituent levels
US5964993A (en) 1996-12-19 1999-10-12 Implanted Biosystems Inc. Glucose sensor
US6093172A (en) 1997-02-05 2000-07-25 Minimed Inc. Injector for a subcutaneous insertion set
US6001067A (en) 1997-03-04 1999-12-14 Shults; Mark C. Device and method for determining analyte levels
US5942979A (en) 1997-04-07 1999-08-24 Luppino; Richard On guard vehicle safety warning system
US6088608A (en) 1997-10-20 2000-07-11 Alfred E. Mann Foundation Electrochemical sensor and integrity tests therefor
US6073031A (en) 1997-12-24 2000-06-06 Nortel Networks Corporation Desktop docking station for use with a wireless telephone handset
US6024699A (en) 1998-03-13 2000-02-15 Healthware Corporation Systems, methods and computer program products for monitoring, diagnosing and treating medical conditions of remotely located patients
US5971922A (en) 1998-04-07 1999-10-26 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd System and method for predicting blood glucose level
US20030130616A1 (en) * 1999-06-03 2003-07-10 Medtronic Minimed, Inc. Closed loop system for controlling insulin infusion
US20030050546A1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2003-03-13 Desai Shashi P. Methods for improving the performance of an analyte monitoring system

Non-Patent Citations (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Armour, J. C., et al., "Application of Chronic Intravascular Blood Glucose Sensor in Dogs", Diabetes, vol. 39, 1990, pp. 1519-1526.
Bennion, N., et al., "Alternate Site Glucose Testing: A Crossover Design", Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, vol. 4, No. 1, 2002, pp. 25-33.
Blank, T. B., et al., "Clinical Results From a Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitor", Optical Diagnostics and Sensing of Biological Fluids and Glucose and Cholesterol Monitoring II, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 4624, 2002, pp. 1-10.
Brooks, S. L., et al., "Development of an On-Line Glucose Sensor for Fermentation Monitoring", Biosensors, vol. 3, 1987/88, pp. 45-56.
Cass, A. E., et al., "Ferrocene-Medicated Enzyme Electrode for Amperometric Determination of Glucose", Analytical Chemistry, vol. 56, No. 4, 1984, 667-671.
Csoregi, E., et al., "Design and Optimization of a Selective Subcutaneously Implantable Glucose Electrode Based on 'Wired' Glucose Oxidase", Analytical Chemistry, vol. 67, No. 7, 1995, pp. 1240-1244.
Feldman, B., et al., "A Continuous Glucose Sensor Based on Wired Enzyme(TM) Technology-Results from a 3-Day Trial in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes", Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, vol. 5, No. 5, 2003, pp. 769-779.
Feldman, B., et al., "Correlation of Glucose Concentrations in Interstitial Fluid and Venous Blood During Periods of Rapid Glucose Change", Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Freestyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitor Pamphlet, 2004.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/082382 filed Oct. 24, 2007, mailed May 7, 2009.
International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority for PCT Application No. PCT/US2007/082382 filed Oct. 24, 2007 to Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., mailed Jun. 24, 2008.
Jungheim, K., et al., "How Rapid Does Glucose Concentration Change in Daily Life of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes?", 2002, pp. 250.
Jungheim, K., et al., "Risky Delay of Hypoglycemia Detection by Glucose Monitoring at the Arm", Diabetes Care, vol. 24, No. 7, 2001, pp. 1303-1304.
Kaplan, S. M., "Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary", IEEE Press, 2004, pp. 141, 142, 548, 549.
Lortz, J., et al., "What is Bluetooth? We Explain The Newest Short-Range Connectivity Technology", Smart Computing Learning Series, Wireless Computing, vol. 8, Issue 5, 2002, pp. 72-74.
Malin, S. F., et al., "Noninvasive Prediction of Glucose by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectoscopy", Clinical Chemistry, vol. 45, No. 9, 1999, pp. 1651-1658.
McGarraugh, G., et al., "Glucose Measurements Using Blood Extracted from the Forearm and the Finger", TheraSense, Inc., 2001, 16 Pages.
McGarraugh, G., et al., "Physiological Influences on Off-Finger Glucose Testing", Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, vol. 3, No. 3, 2001, pp. 367-376.
McKean, B. D., et al., "A Telemetry-Instrumentation System for Chronically Implanted Glucose and Oxygen Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 35, No. 7, 1988, pp. 526-532.
Pickup, J., et al., "Implantable Glucose Sensors: Choosing the Appropriate Sensing Strategy", Biosensors, vol. 3, 1987/88, pp. 335-346.
Pickup, J., et al., "In Vivo Molecular Sensing in Diabetes Mellitus: An Implantable Glucose Sensor with Direct Electron Transfer", Diabetologia, vol. 32, 1989, pp. 213-217.
Pishko, M. V., et al., "Amperometric Glucose Microelectrodes Prepared Through Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase in Redox Hydrogels", Analytical Chemistry, vol. 63, No. 20, 1991, pp. 2268-2272.
Quinn, C. P., et al., "Kinetics of Glucose Delivery to Subcutaneous Tissue in Rats Measured with 0.3-mm Amperometric Microsensors", The American Physiological Society, 1995, E155-E161.
R. Isermann and P. Balle, "Trends in the Application of Model-Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Technical Processes," Pergamon, Control Eng. Practice, vol. 5 No. 5, pp. 709-719, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd, Printed in Great Britain.
R. Isermann, "Supervision, Fault-Detection and Fault-Diagnosis Methods-An Introduction," Pergamon, Control Eng. Practice, vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 639-652, 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd, Printed in Great Britain.
Roe, J. N., et al., "Bloodless Glucose Measurements", Critical Review in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, vol. 15, Issue 3, 1998, pp. 199-241.
Sakakida, M., et al., "Development of Ferrocene-Mediated Needle-Type Glucose Sensor as a Measure of True Subcutaneous Tissue Glucose Concentrations", Artificial Organs Today, vol. 2, No. 2, 1992, pp. 145-158.
Sakakida, M., et al., "Ferrocene-Mediated Needle-Type Glucose Sensor Covered with Newly Designed Biocompatible Membrane", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 13-14, 1993, pp. 319-322.
Salehi, C., et al., "A Telemetry-Instrumentation System for Long-Term Implantable Glucose and Oxygen Sensors", Analytical Letters, vol. 29, No. 13, 1996, pp. 2289-2308.
Schmidtke, D. W., et al., "Measurement and Modeling of the Transient Difference Between Blood and Subcutaneous Glucose Concentrations in the Rat After Injection of Insulin", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 95, 1998, pp. 294-299.
Shaw, G. W., et al., "In Vitro Testing of a Simply Constructed, Highly Stable Glucose Sensor Suitable for Implantation in Diabetic Patients", Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 6, 1991, pp. 401-406.
Shichiri, M., et al., "Glycaemic Control in Pancreatectomized Dogs with a Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas", Diabetologia, vol. 24, 1983, pp. 179-184.
Shichiri, M., et al., "In Vivo Characteristics of Needle-Type Glucose Sensor-Measurements of Subcutaneous Glucose Concentrations in Human Volunteers", Hormone and Metabolic Research Supplement Series, vol. 20, 1988, pp. 17-20.
Shichiri, M., et al., "Membrane Design for Extending the Long-Life of an Implantable Glucose Sensor", Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2, 1989, pp. 309-313.
Shichiri, M., et al., "Needle-type Glucose Sensor for Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas", Implantable Sensors for Closed-Loop Prosthetic Systems, Chapter 15, 1985, pp. 197-210.
Shichiri, M., et al., "Telemetry Glucose Monitoring Device With Needle-Type Glucose Sensor: A Useful Tool for Blood Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Individuals", Diabetes Care, vol. 9, No. 3, 1986, pp. 298-301.
Shichiri, M., et al., "Wearable Artificial Endocrine Pancreas With Needle-Type Glucose Sensor", The Lancet, 1982, pp. 1129-1131.
Shults, M. C., et al., "A Telemetry-Instrumentation System for Monitoring Multiple Subcutaneously Implanted Glucose Sensors", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 41, No. 10, 1994, pp. 937-942.
Sternberg, R., et al., "Study and Development of Multilayer Needle-Type Enzyme-Based Glucose Microsensors", Biosensors, vol. 4, 1988, pp. 27-40.
Thompson, M., et al., "In Vivo Probes: Problems and Perspectives", Clinical Biochemistry, vol. 19, 1986, pp. 255-261.
Turner, A., et al., "Diabetes Mellitus: Biosensors for Research and Management", Biosensors, vol. 1, 1985, pp. 85-115.
Updike, S. J., et al., "Principles of Long-Term Fully Implanted Sensors with Emphasis on Radiotelemetric Monitoring of Blood Glucose from Inside a Subcutaneous Foreign Body Capsule (FBC)", Biosensors in the Body: Continuous in vivo Monitoring, Chapter 4, 1997, pp. 117-137.
Velho, G., et al., "Strategies for Calibrating a Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor", Biomedica Biochimica Acta, vol. 48, 1989, pp. 957-964.
Wilson, G. S., et al., "Progress Toward the Development of an Implantable Sensor for Glucose", Clinical Chemistry, vol. 38, No. 9, 1992, pp. 1613-1617.

Cited By (218)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11627900B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2023-04-18 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US11000215B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2021-05-11 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US11020031B1 (en) 2003-12-05 2021-06-01 Dexcom, Inc. Analyte sensor
US10194850B2 (en) 2005-08-31 2019-02-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Accuracy of continuous glucose sensors
US9844329B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2017-12-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of use
US10448834B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2019-10-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Smart messages and alerts for an infusion delivery and management system
US9031630B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2015-05-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensors and methods of use
US9782076B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2017-10-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Smart messages and alerts for an infusion delivery and management system
US9697332B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2017-07-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US11806110B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2023-11-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US8932216B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2015-01-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US10206629B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2019-02-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system therapy management
US11445910B2 (en) 2006-08-07 2022-09-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in integrated analyte monitoring and infusion system
US9814428B2 (en) * 2006-10-25 2017-11-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US9113828B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2015-08-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US20150366510A1 (en) * 2006-10-25 2015-12-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and System for Providing Analyte Monitoring
US11282603B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2022-03-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US10194868B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2019-02-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing analyte monitoring
US11722229B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2023-08-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
US10903914B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2021-01-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
US8718958B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2014-05-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
US9882660B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2018-01-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method, system and computer program product for real-time detection of sensitivity decline in analyte sensors
US8930203B2 (en) 2007-02-18 2015-01-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-function analyte test device and methods therefor
US9636450B2 (en) 2007-02-19 2017-05-02 Udo Hoss Pump system modular components for delivering medication and analyte sensing at seperate insertion sites
US10349877B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2019-07-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US11039767B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2021-06-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9615780B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2017-04-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9008743B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2015-04-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9204827B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2015-12-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US10111608B2 (en) 2007-04-14 2018-10-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US8612163B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-12-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8560038B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-10-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10463310B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2019-11-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10634662B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2020-04-28 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10653344B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2020-05-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10820841B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2020-11-03 Abbot Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US11828748B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2023-11-28 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10976304B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2021-04-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9060719B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2015-06-23 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10261069B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2019-04-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10991456B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2021-04-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for determining analyte levels
US8682615B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2014-03-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US11076785B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2021-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9125548B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2015-09-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8600681B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-12-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US11119090B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2021-09-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8571808B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-10-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10143409B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-12-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10119956B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-11-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9737249B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2017-08-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10045720B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-08-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10031002B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-07-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US10002233B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2018-06-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8444560B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-05-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US11125592B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2021-09-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9797880B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2017-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US8484005B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2013-07-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for determining analyte levels
US11300561B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2022-04-12 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9483608B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2016-11-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9804150B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in a medical communication system
US9801571B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data processing and control in medical communication system
US9558325B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2017-01-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for determining analyte levels
US9913600B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2018-03-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring and management device and method to analyze the frequency of user interaction with the device
US11678821B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2023-06-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring and management device and method to analyze the frequency of user interaction with the device
US10856785B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2020-12-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring and management device and method to analyze the frequency of user interaction with the device
US9398872B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2016-07-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte sensor calibration
US8834366B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2014-09-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte sensor calibration
US9332934B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2016-05-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with lag compensation
US9804148B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with lag compensation
US8216138B1 (en) 2007-10-23 2012-07-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Correlation of alternative site blood and interstitial fluid glucose concentrations to venous glucose concentration
US10173007B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2019-01-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system with safety parameters and methods
US11083843B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2021-08-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system with safety parameters and methods
US8409093B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2013-04-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Assessing measures of glycemic variability
US9743865B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Assessing measures of glycemic variability
US9439586B2 (en) 2007-10-23 2016-09-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Assessing measures of glycemic variability
US10685749B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2020-06-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Insulin delivery apparatuses capable of bluetooth data transmission
US9320468B2 (en) 2008-01-31 2016-04-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with time lag compensation
US9770211B2 (en) 2008-01-31 2017-09-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor with time lag compensation
US10463288B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2019-11-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US8583205B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2013-11-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US9730623B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2017-08-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US11779248B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2023-10-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor calibration management
US9931075B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2018-04-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US9541556B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2017-01-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US11735295B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2023-08-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US10327682B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2019-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US9795328B2 (en) 2008-05-30 2017-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing glycemic control
US10328201B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2019-06-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system interface and methods
US11621073B2 (en) 2008-07-14 2023-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control system interface and methods
US9943644B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2018-04-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with reference measurement and methods thereof
US8622988B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-01-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Variable rate closed loop control and methods
US10188794B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2019-01-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control and signal attenuation detection
US9572934B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2017-02-21 Abbott DiabetesCare Inc. Robust closed loop control and methods
US9392969B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2016-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control and signal attenuation detection
US8795252B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-08-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Robust closed loop control and methods
US9610046B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2017-04-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with improved alarm functions
US11679200B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2023-06-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control and signal attenuation detection
US8734422B2 (en) 2008-08-31 2014-05-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop control with improved alarm functions
US8744547B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2014-06-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US11013439B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2021-05-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US10045739B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2018-08-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor sensitivity attenuation mitigation
US11202592B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2021-12-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US11484234B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2022-11-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US11464434B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2022-10-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US9662056B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2017-05-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US8219173B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2012-07-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Optimizing analyte sensor calibration
US8986208B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2015-03-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte sensor sensitivity attenuation mitigation
US10980461B2 (en) 2008-11-07 2021-04-20 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US9730650B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2017-08-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Alarm characterization for analyte monitoring devices and systems
US11678848B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2023-06-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Alarm characterization for analyte monitoring devices and systems
US11272890B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2022-03-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Alarm characterization for analyte monitoring devices and systems
US9326707B2 (en) 2008-11-10 2016-05-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Alarm characterization for analyte monitoring devices and systems
US8676513B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2014-03-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for early signal attenuation detection using blood glucose measurements
US9066709B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-06-30 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for early signal attenuation detection using blood glucose measurements
US8224415B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2012-07-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US11464430B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2022-10-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US10089446B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2018-10-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US8532935B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2013-09-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and device for providing offset model based calibration for analyte sensor
US10009244B2 (en) 2009-04-15 2018-06-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system having an alert
US10827954B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2020-11-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous analyte measurement systems and systems and methods for implanting them
US8798934B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2014-08-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Real time management of data relating to physiological control of glucose levels
US9795326B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2017-10-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Continuous analyte measurement systems and systems and methods for implanting them
US10872102B2 (en) 2009-07-23 2020-12-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Real time management of data relating to physiological control of glucose levels
US11285263B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2022-03-29 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump systems and methods
US9211377B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2015-12-15 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US11135362B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2021-10-05 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump systems and methods
US8758323B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2014-06-24 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US8298184B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2012-10-30 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US8287495B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2012-10-16 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US8926561B2 (en) 2009-07-30 2015-01-06 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback
US8478557B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2013-07-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte monitoring system calibration accuracy
US8718965B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2014-05-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte monitoring system calibration accuracy
US10660554B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2020-05-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods and devices for analyte monitoring calibration
US9936910B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2018-04-10 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte monitoring and therapy management system accuracy
US11234625B2 (en) 2009-07-31 2022-02-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing analyte monitoring and therapy management system accuracy
US10918342B1 (en) 2009-08-31 2021-02-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US9814416B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2017-11-14 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US10456091B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2019-10-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US10772572B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2020-09-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US10881355B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2021-01-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
USRE47315E1 (en) 2009-08-31 2019-03-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US10123752B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2018-11-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US11202586B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2021-12-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US11730429B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2023-08-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US11241175B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2022-02-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Displays for a medical device
US10349874B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2019-07-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9320461B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2016-04-26 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US9750439B2 (en) 2009-09-29 2017-09-05 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing notification function in analyte monitoring systems
US11207005B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2021-12-28 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting false hypoglycemic conditions
US8185181B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2012-05-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting false hypoglycemic conditions
US9050041B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2015-06-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting false hypoglycemic conditions
US10117606B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2018-11-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting false hypoglycemic conditions
US9326709B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2016-05-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Systems, devices and methods for managing glucose levels
US10078380B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2018-09-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Systems, devices and methods for managing glucose levels
US11061491B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2021-07-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Systems, devices and methods for managing glucose levels
US8635046B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2014-01-21 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for evaluating analyte sensor response characteristics
US11478173B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2022-10-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Calibration of analyte measurement system
US10092229B2 (en) 2010-06-29 2018-10-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Calibration of analyte measurement system
US11213226B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2022-01-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring devices and methods
US11534089B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2022-12-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Devices, systems, and methods associated with analyte monitoring devices and devices incorporating the same
US10136845B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2018-11-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Devices, systems, and methods associated with analyte monitoring devices and devices incorporating the same
US11627898B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2023-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Devices, systems, and methods associated with analyte monitoring devices and devices incorporating the same
US10624568B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-04-21 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10610141B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-04-07 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10561354B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-02-18 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10835162B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-11-17 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10555695B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-02-11 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10722162B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-07-28 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US10682084B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-06-16 Dexcom, Inc. Advanced analyte sensor calibration and error detection
US9913619B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2018-03-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US9622691B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2017-04-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US11406331B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2022-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Model based variable risk false glucose threshold alarm prevention mechanism
US8710993B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-04-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US9743872B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2017-08-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US9317656B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2016-04-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Compatibility mechanisms for devices in a continuous analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US10939859B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2021-03-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US9289179B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2016-03-22 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US10136847B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2018-11-27 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Mitigating single point failure of devices in an analyte monitoring system and methods thereof
US10082493B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2018-09-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods of use
US11391723B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2022-07-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Analyte monitoring system and methods of use
WO2013102158A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2013-07-04 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for determining medication dose information
EP4249034A2 (en) 2011-12-30 2023-09-27 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining medication dose information
EP3662965A1 (en) 2011-12-30 2020-06-10 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining medication dose information
US10258736B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2019-04-16 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Systems including vial adapter for fluid transfer
US10942164B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2021-03-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US10656139B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2020-05-19 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US10132793B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2018-11-20 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US10345291B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2019-07-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Dropout detection in continuous analyte monitoring data during data excursions
US10842420B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2020-11-24 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for improving lag correction during in vivo measurement of analyte concentration with analyte concentration variability and range data
US11896371B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2024-02-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for improving lag correction during in vivo measurement of analyte concentration with analyte concentration variability and range data
US9907492B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2018-03-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for improving lag correction during in vivo measurement of analyte concentration with analyte concentration variability and range data
US11006903B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2021-05-18 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US11026640B1 (en) 2012-10-30 2021-06-08 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US10702215B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2020-07-07 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US9675290B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-06-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensitivity calibration of in vivo sensors used to measure analyte concentration
US9655565B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-05-23 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
EP2727530A1 (en) 2012-10-30 2014-05-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Calibration of in vivo sensors used to measure analyte concentration
US10143426B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2018-12-04 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US10188334B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2019-01-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensitivity calibration of in vivo sensors used to measure analyte concentration
US10555705B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2020-02-11 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US9801577B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-10-31 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensitivity calibration of in vivo sensors used to measure analyte concentration
US11690577B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2023-07-04 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US9119529B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2015-09-01 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for dynamically and intelligently monitoring a host's glycemic condition after an alert is triggered
US9119528B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2015-09-01 Dexcom, Inc. Systems and methods for providing sensitive and specific alarms
US9962486B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-05-08 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump
US10874336B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-12-29 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-rate analyte sensor data collection with sample rate configurable signal processing
US10433773B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-10-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Noise rejection methods and apparatus for sparsely sampled analyte sensor data
US9474475B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-10-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Multi-rate analyte sensor data collection with sample rate configurable signal processing
US10076285B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-09-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Sensor fault detection using analyte sensor data pattern comparison
US9486171B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-11-08 Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Predictive calibration
US11229382B2 (en) 2013-12-31 2022-01-25 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Self-powered analyte sensor and devices using the same
US11717225B2 (en) 2014-03-30 2023-08-08 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for determining meal start and peak events in analyte monitoring systems
US11553883B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2023-01-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. System, device and method of dynamic glucose profile response to physiological parameters
US11596330B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2023-03-07 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Methods, devices and system for providing diabetic condition diagnosis and therapy
US11382540B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-07-12 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
US11706876B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2023-07-18 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
US11331022B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-05-17 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors
US11350862B2 (en) 2017-10-24 2022-06-07 Dexcom, Inc. Pre-connected analyte sensors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090069649A1 (en) 2009-03-12
CA2667930C (en) 2011-04-19
US20080119708A1 (en) 2008-05-22
US20190159734A1 (en) 2019-05-30
US20090281407A1 (en) 2009-11-12
US10194868B2 (en) 2019-02-05
EP2114241A4 (en) 2010-01-20
US20150366510A1 (en) 2015-12-24
US20120277565A1 (en) 2012-11-01
US20220208371A1 (en) 2022-06-30
US8211016B2 (en) 2012-07-03
US8216137B2 (en) 2012-07-10
WO2008052057A2 (en) 2008-05-02
US9113828B2 (en) 2015-08-25
WO2008052057A3 (en) 2008-08-28
CA2667930A1 (en) 2008-05-02
US9814428B2 (en) 2017-11-14
EP2114241A2 (en) 2009-11-11
US11282603B2 (en) 2022-03-22
US20180064398A1 (en) 2018-03-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20220208371A1 (en) Method and System for Providing Analyte Monitoring
US10342469B2 (en) Method and system for dynamically updating calibration parameters for an analyte sensor
US9804148B2 (en) Analyte sensor with lag compensation
US9770211B2 (en) Analyte sensor with time lag compensation
US9743865B2 (en) Assessing measures of glycemic variability

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ABBOTT DIABETES CARE, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BUDIMAN, ERWIN S., MR.;REEL/FRAME:018717/0762

Effective date: 20070104

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

CC Certificate of correction
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 12