US7504821B2 - Auxiliary power supply for supplying power to additional functions within a meter - Google Patents
Auxiliary power supply for supplying power to additional functions within a meter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7504821B2 US7504821B2 US11/266,413 US26641305A US7504821B2 US 7504821 B2 US7504821 B2 US 7504821B2 US 26641305 A US26641305 A US 26641305A US 7504821 B2 US7504821 B2 US 7504821B2
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- meter
- capacitor
- power supply
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- output voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/30—Structural combination of electric measuring instruments with basic electronic circuits, e.g. with amplifier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
- G01R22/063—Details of electronic electricity meters related to remote communication
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to utility meters. More particularly, the present invention is related to an electronic meter that efficiently provides auxiliary power to multiple functions within the meter during power outages.
- Electronic meters for measuring electric power consumption are rapidly replacing the more traditional electromechanical meters. As the focus towards electronic meters grows, so does the desire to minimize the costs of electronic meters. But the desire to minimize costs is juxtaposed with a desire to add functionality.
- An electronic meter typically includes a power supply that receives the AC line voltage as its input and provides a lower voltage DC output (e.g., 5 or 12 volts DC) that is used to power the internal electronic components of the meter.
- a lower voltage DC output e.g., 5 or 12 volts DC
- the cost of a meter is proportional to the complexity. of its power supply. Therefore, a simpler power supply helps to lower the cost of the meter.
- the ability of the power supply to support the added functionality can be a factor in the complexity of the power supply design.
- the number of other components needed to support the added functionality also influences the pricing of the meter. Clearly, fewer components in a meter results in a less expensive meter.
- a remote service disconnect capability allows a utility to transmit a signal to the meter to cause the meter to interrupt the AC line voltage to the customer site.
- circuitry within the meter responds by energizing a relay within the meter that opens the line to the customer to interrupt service.
- the relay is powered by a capacitor within the meter that is charged from the AC line voltage so that, when a service disconnect signal is received, the voltage on the capacitor can be used to energize the relay coil.
- power outage signaling Another desirable function included in some electronic meters is power outage signaling.
- this function is implemented by circuitry within the meter that detects an outage condition by, for example, monitoring the output of the meter power supply, and then transmits a signal to the utility to report the outage.
- the outage signal may be transmitted in a variety of ways, such as via telephone modem, power line communications, or wireless transmitter.
- this circuitry is reporting a power outage, some other source of power is needed to power the transmitting circuitry long enough to enable it to report the outage.
- One solution is to provide a battery within the meter as a back-up power source. But that solution increases the overall complexity and cost of the meter.
- the present invention provides a meter that incorporates service disconnect and auxiliary power supply functionalities, wherein the functionalities are powered by the same source.
- a capacitor which is charged by the AC line voltage during normal operation of the meter, is coupled to service disconnect circuitry and to an auxiliary power supply.
- the two meter functionalities do not overlap during normal operation of the meter, as the auxiliary power supply functionality is only required when the AC line voltage to the meter is interrupted.
- the auxiliary power supply can provide temporary power to the meter electronics to support the operation of certain meter functions, such as power outage signaling, for an amount of time following a power outage.
- a relay is coupled to the power line and to the capacitor to implement the service disconnect functionality of the meter.
- meter circuitry directs the energy from the capacitor to the relay to open the power line to the load at the indicated customer, thereby interrupting power to the customer.
- the energy from the capacitor is instead used as the input to an auxiliary power supply that provides temporary power to the meter.
- the auxiliary power supply is used to power a transmitter that transmits power outage signals to notify the utility of the power failure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the inclusion of a service disconnect function and an auxiliary power supply into an electronic meter for measuring electric power consumption, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 provides further details of the auxiliary power supply of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 provides still further details of the auxiliary power supply of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates an implementation of a service disconnect functionality in an electronic meter, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates an implementation for developing the energy necessary for powering the auxiliary power supply and the service disconnect functionality, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a further implementation for developing the energy necessary for powering the auxiliary power supply and the service disconnect functionality, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the incorporation of service disconnect circuitry 120 and an auxiliary power supply 130 into an electronic meter 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the service disconnect circuitry 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 are both coupled to the output of a capacitor circuitry 110 and both may receive, as an input, the output voltage of the capacitor circuitry 110 .
- the AC line voltage feeds a power supply 140 that powers the internal components of the meter 100 (identified generally as metering electronics 150 ) during normal operation.
- the AC line voltage is also used in this embodiment to provide a DC voltage charge on the output of the capacitor circuitry 110 during normal operation of the meter 100 .
- the metering electronics 150 may be coupled to the service disconnect circuitry 120 .
- the metering electronics 150 may also be coupled to the auxiliary power supply 130 .
- the auxiliary power supply 130 may be used to power the metering electronics 150 when the power supply 140 is not operating, due, for example, to a power outage.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 provide further details of the auxiliary power supply 130 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, and also illustrate an exemplary use of the auxiliary power supply 130 to provide power to the metering electronics 150 and a transmitter 220 during a power outage so that a power outage signal may be transmitted, alerting a utility that the power outage has occurred.
- a diode 210 is connected between the output of the auxiliary power supply 130 and the output of the power supply 140 .
- the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply 130 e.g., 6.0 volts
- the normal operating voltage produced by the power supply 140 e.g., 6.4 volts.
- the diode 210 prevents contention between the outputs of the power supplies, and the power supply 140 operates normally to provide power to the electronic components of the meter 100 .
- the power supply 140 cannot generate the power (e.g., the 6.4 volts) required to operate the electronic components of the meter 100 .
- the energy stored in the capacitor circuitry 110 can be used as the input voltage to the auxiliary power supply 130 .
- the output voltage of the auxiliary power supply 130 will be greater than that of the power supply 140 (which will essentially fall to zero volts), resulting in the metering electronics 150 and other electronic components of the meter receiving power from the auxiliary power supply 130 .
- the auxiliary power supply 130 is coupled to a transmitter 220 .
- the auxiliary power supply 130 provides sufficient power to the transmitter 220 to enable a power outage signal 230 to be transmitted to notify the utility of the power failure.
- the transmitter 220 may be part of the metering electronics 150 or may be a separate component of the meter 100 .
- the transmitter 220 may comprise any of a variety of signal transmission devices, such as, for example, a telephone modem, a power line communications device, or a wireless transmitter.
- the auxiliary power supply 130 may include a shutdown feature in which the auxiliary power supply 130 is in a “shutdown mode,” and hence does not function, unless activated by a signal.
- a signal may be, for example, a power fail signal 240 which is generated by the metering electronics 150 when the output voltage of the power supply 140 goes below a predetermined, threshold voltage level.
- the power fail signal 240 essentially turns on the auxiliary power supply 130 , which then uses the energy from the capacitor circuitry 110 to power the components of the meter 100 , such as the transmitter 220 or the metering electronics 150 .
- FIG. 3 provides further details of the auxiliary power supply 130 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the auxiliary power supply 130 comprises a voltage regulator 310 .
- the voltage regulator 310 operates to maintain a constant output voltage.
- the power fail signal 240 generated by the metering electronics 150 causes the voltage regulator 310 to leave a shutdown mode.
- the voltage regulator 310 then draws energy from, i.e., receives the output voltage of, the capacitor circuitry 110 and produces therefrom a regulated output voltage.
- This regulated output voltage is utilized for powering the meter 100 , including for example the metering electronics 150 and transmitter 220 , during the power failure.
- the voltage regulator 310 may comprise any suitable form of voltage regulator.
- the voltage regulator 310 may comprise a switching regulator.
- the voltage regulator 310 may comprise a linear regulator.
- two resistors R 1 320 and R 2 330 , are included to set the output voltage of the voltage regulator 310 .
- the ratio of the resistors R 1 320 and R 2 330 ensures that the output voltage (e.g., 6.0 volts) is less than the normal operating voltage produced by the power supply 140 .
- a capacitor 340 may be included in the auxiliary power supply 130 to provide stability to prevent oscillations at the output of the voltage regulator 310 .
- FIG. 4 provides further details of the service disconnect circuitry 120 of FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the service disconnect circuitry 120 comprises a relay 410 which is coupled to the capacitor circuitry 110 and to a load 420 at a customer site.
- the relay 410 is not energized and the load 420 remains connected to the line.
- a utility may wish to disconnect power to the load 420 .
- the utility typically will transmit a signal, such as signal 430 , indicating to the meter 100 the decision to disconnect power to the load 420 .
- the meter 100 will respond to the signal by energizing the relay 410 , which opens the line to the load 420 , thereby interrupting service.
- the energy stored on the capacitor circuitry 110 is used to energize the relay coil.
- the energy in the capacitor circuitry 110 may also be utilized to re-close the relay 410 , thereby supplying service to the load 420 .
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate exemplary embodiments for developing the energy stored on the capacitor circuitry 110 .
- a shunt regulator 510 and a rectifier 520 coupled to form the capacitor circuitry 110 , are incorporated to minimize ripple and reduce variations in the AC line voltage.
- the shunt regulator 510 comprises a resistor R 3 530 and a diode 540 and operates to produce a near-constant voltage across its output.
- the rectifier 520 comprising a diode 550 and a capacitor 111 , reduces the slight variations in the output of the shunt regulator 510 . This provides a constant voltage, in the capacitor 111 , with which to power the service disconnect circuitry 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which the capacitor 111 is charged from a switching power supply, which may be the power supply 140 .
- the AC line voltage is rectified and powers the switching controller 610 .
- the output voltage of the supply is fed back to the switching controller 610 , which adjusts the duty cycle of a switch (not shown) to control the amount of energy transferred from the primary winding of the supply to the output winding, resulting in a constant output voltage level (e.g., 6.4 volts).
- the secondary voltage present a few microseconds each cycle, charges the capacitor 111 during the switch's charge cycle.
Abstract
Description
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US11/266,413 US7504821B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2005-11-03 | Auxiliary power supply for supplying power to additional functions within a meter |
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US11/266,413 US7504821B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2005-11-03 | Auxiliary power supply for supplying power to additional functions within a meter |
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Cited By (21)
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US9325174B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-04-26 | Dominion Resources, Inc. | Management of energy demand and energy efficiency savings from voltage optimization on electric power systems using AMI-based data analysis |
US9354641B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-31 | Dominion Resources, Inc. | Electric power system control with planning of energy demand and energy efficiency using AMI-based data analysis |
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US9883567B2 (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2018-01-30 | RAB Lighting Inc. | Device indication and commissioning for a lighting control system |
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US10039174B2 (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2018-07-31 | RAB Lighting Inc. | Systems and methods for acknowledging broadcast messages in a wireless lighting control network |
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