US7501166B2 - Liquid crystal panel and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents
Liquid crystal panel and manufacturing method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- US7501166B2 US7501166B2 US10/806,042 US80604204A US7501166B2 US 7501166 B2 US7501166 B2 US 7501166B2 US 80604204 A US80604204 A US 80604204A US 7501166 B2 US7501166 B2 US 7501166B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
Definitions
- This invention relates to a liquid crystal panel.
- it relates to a liquid crystal panel utilizing a state in which a liquid crystal is vertically aligned when no voltage is applied.
- FIG. 5 illustrating a manufacturing method for a liquid crystal display panel that has been generally performed, first, a substrate 2 that has not an alignment control film coated thereon is prepared according to step S 51 , an alignment control film 6 composed of a polyimide, polyamic acid or the like is coated on the substrate 2 according to step S 52 , and then baking is performed according to step S 53 followed by aligning treatment through rubbing. Thereafter, according to step S 54 , two such substrates are bonded together, and a liquid crystal 1 is introduced into the space according to step S 55 to form a liquid crystal display panel.
- step S 51 a substrate 2 that has not an alignment control film coated thereon is prepared according to step S 51 , an alignment control film 6 composed of a polyimide, polyamic acid or the like is coated on the substrate 2 according to step S 52 , and then baking is performed according to step S 53 followed by aligning treatment through rubbing.
- step S 54 two such substrates are bonded together, and a liquid crystal 1 is introduced into the space according to step S 55 to
- liquid crystal panels according to the TN (twisted nematic) mode have been widely applied wherein liquid crystal materials having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy are aligned horizontally along the substrate surface and twisted at 90° between the two substrates that are facing each other.
- the TN mode entails, a problem of bad visual angle characteristics, and there have been various investigations conducted in order to improve them.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a model perspective view showing the alignment of a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal panel according to the MVA system
- FIG. 2 is a model plan view showing the alignment direction of a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal panel according to the MVA system.
- a liquid crystal 1 having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy between two glass substrates is aligned vertically to the substrate surface as shown in FIG. 1 (A) at no voltage application.
- Pixel electrodes connected to TFT's are formed on a glass substrate 2
- a counter electrode is formed on the other glass substrate 3 .
- Uneven parts 4 are formed alternately on the pixel electrodes and the counter electrodes, respectively.
- the liquid crystal When the TFT is off, that is, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction vertical to the substrate surface as shown in FIG. 1A , and when the TFT is on, that is, when voltage is applied, the liquid crystal is tilted towards the horizontal direction by the effect of the electric field, and the tilting direction of the liquid crystal 1 is regulated by the structure of the uneven parts. Accordingly, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in plural directions in each pixel as shown in FIG. 1B . For example, molecules of the liquid crystal 1 are aligned, each, in directions A, B, C and D, when uneven parts 4 are formed as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the aligning treatment process of an alignment control film represented by rubbing is not necessary, while it is almost always necessary in horizontal alignment systems such as the TN mode.
- This provides advantages in that the problems of static electricity and dusts in the rubbing process can be avoided, the cleaning steps after the aligning treatment can be eliminated, the problems of uneven alignment caused by fluctuation of the pretilt angle, etc. can be avoided, the facilities can be simplified owing to disuse of a printing machine for forming the alignment control film, baking furnace , etc., the processes can be simplified, the yield can be improved, and the production costs can be reduced.
- installation of the alignment control film is still needed in this MVA system.
- omission of the alignment control film is particularly advantageous in consideration of the present circumstances wherein superjumboization of the mother glass for substrates of liquid crystal panels has been developed rapidly, and it is becoming more and more difficult to have a printing machine for alignment control films corresponding to the size.
- a liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a liquid crystal and a cross-linked resin, and the cross-linked resin comprises a cross-linked structural part adhered to a liquid crystal layer contacting surface (adhered, cross-linked structural part) and a terminal part rising from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface (rising terminal part).
- the liquid crystal layer is formed by cross-linking, in the presence of a liquid crystal, a resin composition comprising one or more first compounds having a cross-linkable structural part, and a hydrophobic terminal part with a straight-chain section having three or more carbon atoms (hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part), that the cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) comprises a polar-group structural part, that the polar-group structural part does not generate impurity ions, that the amount of the resin composition in the liquid crystal layer is in the range of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, that the amount of the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part is in the range of from 50 to 95 moles based on 100 moles of the first compound(s), that the liquid crystal has a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, that the cross-linking is performed by an active energy ray, that the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part has an alkyl or alkoxy group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, that the cross-link
- R 1 is a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part
- a 1 is a trivalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group, or nitrogen
- a 2 is a tetravalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, or an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are, each, a cross-linkable structural part
- R 1 , B 1 , B 2 and B 3 can be selected independently from each other.
- a 3 and B 4 are, independently from each other, a vinylene group or a propenylene group;
- R 3 is a divalent group;
- R 2 and R 4 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, an alkyl group that may be branched or an aromatic ring that may be substituted; at least one of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is an aromatic ring;
- k, m, n and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or 1; and
- R 2 -R 4 , A 3 , B 4 , k, m, n and p can be selected independently from each other
- the second compound comprises a five-member ring structure, that the five-member ring structure in the second compound is an acid anhydride structure or an imide structure, particularly that at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by formulae (7) to (10) below is included as the second compound,
- X and Y are, each independently, hydrogen or a methyl group;
- R 7 is a divalent organic group having a five-member ring structure;
- R 8 and R 10 are hydrogen or an organic group;
- R 9 is a divalent organic group; at least one of R 8 , R 9 and R 10 has a five-member ring structure;
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group constituting a tetracarboxylic acid residue;
- k, m, n and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or 1;
- q and r are, independently from each other, an integer not less than 0 (zero) and not more than 6; and
- R 8 -R 10 , k, m, n, p, q and r can be selected independently from each other), that the liquid crystal tilts while the tilting direction is regulated by uneven parts or the blank parts (slits) of an electrode or electrodes when voltage is applied, and that the panel
- liquid crystal panel according to the present invention it goes without saying that it is also possible to apply the preferable aspects of the above-described liquid crystal panel according to the present invention to this aspect of the present invention, regarding the liquid crystal, hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, adhered, cross-linked structural part, polar-group structural part, cross-linking, cross-linkable structural part, cross-liked resin, resin composition, first compound(s), second compound, third compound, uneven parts, slits of an electrode or electrodes, alignment control film, etc.
- a liquid crystal can be vertically aligned at no voltage application even without help of an alignment control film.
- an alignment control film forming step can be omitted in the vertically alignment systems represented by the MVA system.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a model perspective view showing the alignment of a liquid crystal, in a liquid crystal panel according to the MVA system
- FIG. 1B illustrates another model perspective view showing the alignment of a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal panel according to the MVA system
- FIG. 2 is a model plan view showing the alignment direction of a liquid crystal in a liquid crystal panel according to the MVA system
- FIG. 3A is a model view illustrating the basic principle of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is another model view illustrating the basic principle of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a model view illustrating an adhered, cross-linked structural part comprising a polar-group structural part
- FIG. 4B is another model view illustrating an adhered, cross-linked structural part comprising a polar-group structural part
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an outline of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel
- FIG. 6 is a model side view of a liquid crystal layer contacting surface
- FIG. 7 is a top view of a liquid crystal layer contacting surface
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an outline of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a photomicrograph of a TFT liquid crystal panel using crossed nicols.
- FIG. 9B is another photomicrographs of a TFT liquid crystal panel using crossed nicols.
- CH 2 COOH when a polar group is COOH, CH 2 COOH can be considered a polar-group structural part.
- This “structural part” may be located at the end section or at an intermediate section of a molecule or cross-linked material.
- CH 2 OCO— can also be included in a polar-group structural part.
- the “terminal part” means a part constituting the end section of a molecule or cross-linked material.
- a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates comprises a liquid crystal and a cross-linked resin
- this cross-linked resin has a cross-linked structural part adhered to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface (adhered, cross-linked structural part) and a terminal part rising from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface (rising terminal part). It is considered that this cross-linked resin plays a role of regulating the director direction of a liquid crystal, whereby a liquid crystal is aligned in the vertical direction when no voltage is applied.
- a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part that will be described later is bonded to the adhered, cross-linked structural part so as to have a structure in which the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part rises from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, whereby the liquid crystal is aligned in the vertical direction when no voltage is applied.
- This cross-linked resin can be formed by cross-linking, in the presence of a liquid crystal, a resin composition comprising one or more compounds having a cross-linkable structural part and a structural part with a certain level of chain length.
- a resin composition comprising one or more compounds having a cross-linkable structural part and a structural part with a certain level of chain length.
- Whether a structure where a structural part having a certain level of chain length will rise from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface is realized or not, can be determined by whether alignment of a liquid crystal is shown without an alignment control flow when a liquid crystal panel is actually prepared.
- the required level of alignment can be arbitrarily chosen according to the practices.
- the first compound(s) having a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part often serves for realizing such alignment.
- a liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal and a cross-linked resin.
- the adhered, cross-linked structural part is located on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, and the rising terminal part is located in the vicinity of the adhered, cross-linked structural part. Accordingly, it may sometimes be possible to consider that the cross-linked resin forms a layer distinct from the liquid crystal. While the cross-linked resin is generally formed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surfaces on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, it is also possible, in many cases, to regard the liquid crystal layer as being composed of two types of layers: a layer mainly comprising a liquid crystal and a layer or layers made of a cross-linked resin.
- this cross-linked resin when this cross-linked resin is formed by cross-linking, in the presence of a liquid crystal, a resin composition comprising one or more compounds having a cross-linkable structural part and a structural part having a certain level of chain length, the resin composition is in a state in which it is uniformly mixed with a liquid crystal prior to the cross-linking, while after a cross-linked resin has been formed, a state in which the cross-linked resin and the liquid crystal are mostly separated from each other, can occur.
- the present invention may also include embodiments wherein other types of cross-linked resins coexist in the liquid crystal.
- the above-described first compound(s) is not limited to the case in which one molecule has both a cross-linkable structural part and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, but may also be a mixture of a compound having a cross-linkable structural part and a compound having a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part.
- the adhered, cross-linked structural part has a polar-group structural part, since the adhered, cross-linked structural part sticks to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface more strongly when a polar-group structural part is present.
- polar-group structural part for the cross-linked resin is used in the same meaning as for the above-described first compound(s). The detail will be explained later.
- cross-linkable structural part exemplified is a structural part having a photoreactable group that has a polymerizable double bond such as an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, a vinyl group and an allyl group, and that is polymerizable with other molecules by an active energy ray such as UV radiation.
- a cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) has two or more polymerizable double bonds in a molecule, the reactivity will be enhanced and a network-structure polymer film can be formed from a single compound, so that a cross-linked structure is easily formed. Accordingly, this is preferable.
- a case in which one compound has polymerizable double bonds at two or more end sections of one molecule or in the vicinity can be exemplified.
- the requirement for a first compound(s) is satisfied if the whole of the “one or more first compounds” has a cross-linkable structural part, and accordingly, compounds containing a compound having one polymerizable double bond in a molecule that can only extend the polymeric chain and lacks an ability of its own to cross-link, can also be included in the category of the “one or more first compounds having a cross-linkable structural part”, for example.
- cross-linkable structural part As a cross-linkable structural part according to the present invention, one that is cross-linkable with an active energy ray is preferable, since the cross-linked structure is easily realized. Accordingly, explanation is mainly made to a structure having a photofunctional group. However, it goes without saying that those that can be cross-linked by the other kinds of energy such as the other types of active energy rays and heat, can also be included in the category of the present invention. They may be used together.
- the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part plays a role of aligning a liquid crystal uniformly in the longitudinal direction of the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part. When it has a straight chain section having three or more carbon atoms, the role will be more evident. More preferably, the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part has an alkyl or alkoxy group with 6-18 carbons. Still more preferably, it has an alkyl or alkoxy group with 12-18 carbons.
- hydrophilic means a state in which there are no polar groups or similar groups, or chemically a state on the level of “not hydrophilic”.
- the liquid crystal layer contacting surface such as a substrate surface is usually subjected to a UV treatment or the like to give hydrophilic properties.
- the hydrophobic properties are required so as to prevent the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part from sticking to the hydrophilic liquid crystal layer contacting surface, and accordingly, to make easy the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part rise from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface.
- the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part is preferably composed of carbon and hydrogen.
- the cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) comprises a polar-group structural part
- adhesion of the adhered, cross-linked structural part to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface is easy and better alignment of a liquid crystal is realized.
- the type of the polar group and the number of the polar group per molecule It is also important for the cross-linked resin after the cross-linking of the resin composition not to emit impurity ions into the liquid crystal so that the reliability of the liquid crystal panel is maintained.
- the polar-group structural part in the cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) does not generate impurity ions.
- This liquid crystal panel can be manufactured as follows, for example. First, two substrates on which alignment control films have not been applied are prepared. A liquid crystal layer comprising, for example, a UV-curable compound with a structural part having a photoreactive group and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part as well as a liquid crystal is sandwiched between them, and then, UV curing is performed to form on the substrate surfaces an adhered, cross-linked structural part bonded to a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part.
- a liquid crystal layer comprising, for example, a UV-curable compound with a structural part having a photoreactive group and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part as well as a liquid crystal is sandwiched between them, and then, UV curing is performed to form on the substrate surfaces an adhered, cross-linked structural part bonded to a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the basic principle of the present invention.
- a first compound(s) 5 having a cross-linkable structural part 31 and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part 32 , and a liquid crystal 1 are in the horizontally aligned state along the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 , as shown in FIG. 3A .
- Nothing is formed on the surface of the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 .
- the “liquid crystal layer contacting surface” does not necessarily mean the surface of a simple substrate. It means the surface of a layer that the liquid crystal layer actually contacts.
- the “liquid crystal layer contacting surface” according to the present invention means the surface of the filter that the liquid crystal contacts. If the surface of the filter has been subjected to a treatment to give hydrophilicity, the treated surface is the liquid crystal layer contacting surface.
- cross-linkable structural parts 31 are cross-linked with one another to form an adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 , hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts 32 have a configuration of rising from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 to form rising terminal parts 34 .
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are model views further illustrating this state.
- FIG. 6 is a model side view of a liquid crystal layer contacting surface
- FIG. 7 is a top view.
- FIG. 6 shows a state in which the adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 adheres to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 , and the rising terminal parts 34 are rising.
- FIG. 7 shows a state in which the adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 forms an intertwined network structure that is adhered to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 .
- the adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 actually adheres to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, by taking out the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, performing cleaning or the like, and then, analyzing the surface. Furthermore, it can be easily confirmed that the rising terminal parts 34 are actually rising, by the fact that the liquid crystal 1 shows vertical alignment. Accordingly, it is possible to align the liquid crystal 1 vertically when no voltage is applied.
- the first compound(s) for use in the present invention comprises at least one compound represented by the above-described formula (1) or (2).
- R 1 is a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part
- a 1 is a trivalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group, or nitrogen
- a 2 is a tetravalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, or an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are, each, a cross-linkable structural part
- R 1 , B 1 , B 2 and B 3 can be selected independently, in the formulae as well as in the other formulae.
- B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are cross-linkable structural parts and have an ability to form an adhered, cross-linked structural part, R 1 forms a rising terminal part or hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, and the OCO (or COO) bond forms a polar-group structural part.
- cross-linkable structural part includes a polar-group structural part
- materials having structures represented by formulae (16) and (17) below are exemplified.
- COOH or the like forms a polar-group structural part.
- the cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) has a benzene ring introduced in the vicinity of a polymerizable group such as a polymerizable double bond, in order to facilitate the reaction of the first compound(s) with ultraviolet rays or the like.
- a polymerizable group such as a polymerizable double bond
- a benzene ring has a photosensitizing action. It also serves to improve the alignment properties.
- materials excellent in solubility in a liquid crystal can be easily obtained owing to the enhanced similarity of the structure to the structure of the liquid crystal. Materials having structures represented by formulae (18) and (19) below exemplify such a material.
- a cross-linked resin is conventionally known that forms a state in which polar-group structural parts 41 or parts in a material having a high polarity are adsorbed onto the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 , and hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts 32 are aligned as rising in the vertical direction to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface 8 as shown in FIG. 4A .
- this stage it is possible to align the liquid crystal in the direction vertical to the substrate surface.
- this state is thermally unstable, and the dissociation from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface tends to occur.
- the cross-linked structural part 42 of the adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 is sandwiched by the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part 32 and the polar-group structural part 41 , the cross-linked structural part 42 of the adhered, cross-linked structural part 33 is probably formed as a film (thin film), so that a stabler function to control the alignment is realized.
- the first compound(s) having the structure described above may be used not only singly, but also as a mixture of a plural number of compounds.
- Other materials such as a cross-linking agent, catalyst and reaction accelerator may be used together.
- the one ore more first compounds include a second compound with a cross-linkable structural part and substantially without a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part.
- a second compound with a cross-linkable structural part and substantially without a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part For example, by having a second compound together that has only a cross-linkable structural part with a plurality of polymerizable groups in a molecule and does not have a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, it is possible to realize a state in which the mutual distances between the rising terminal parts rising from the adhered, cross-linked structural part that is adhered to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface are made wider, and accordingly, to improve the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal. In particular, widening of the mutal distances is useful when an alkyl group is used for the rising terminal part, because alkyl groups tend to be adsorbed by each other.
- a plural number of second compounds may be used.
- hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts substantially, can be appropriately determined by seeing whether the mutual distances between the rising terminal parts can be widened, and accordingly, the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal is enhanced or the like.
- a simple group such as a methyl group and an ethyl group is not regarded as a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, in general.
- the second compound prefferably has at least one aromatic ring and at least one carbonyl group, respectively. In this way, adhesion to the liquid crystal layer contacting surface becomes stronger.
- a 3 and B 4 are, independently from each other, a vinylene group or a propenylene group; R 3 is a divalent group; R 2 and R 4 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, an alkyl group that may be branched or an aromatic ring that may be substituted; at least one of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is an aromatic ring; k, m, n and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or 1; and R 2 -R 4 , A 3 , B 4 , k, m, n and p can be selected independently from each other, in the formulae as well as in the other formulae.
- the divalent group (R 3 ) described above is, for example, a methylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 4,4′-biphenylene group or the like. Those shown below are the examples.
- the second compound has a five-member ring structure.
- a five-member ring structure cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclopentadiene, furan, pyrrole, indene, an acid anhydride structure such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride, and an imide structure such as succinimide, maleimide and phthalimide, are enumerated.
- an acid anhydride structure such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride
- an imide structure such as succinimide, maleimide and phthalimide
- X and Y are, each independently, hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 7 is a divalent organic group having a five-member ring structure
- R 8 and R 10 are hydrogen or an organic group
- R 9 is a divalent organic group
- at least one of R 8 , R 9 and R 10 has a five-member ring structure
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group constituting a tetracarboxylic acid residue
- k, m, n, and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or l
- q and r are, independently from each other, an integer not less than 0 (zero) and not more than 6
- R 8 -R 10 , k, m, n, p, q and r can be selected independently from each other, in the formulae as well as in the other formulae.
- the second compound has a cross-linkable structural part and substantially lacks a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part
- a third compound having one polymerizable group as well as a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part together with the second compound. This is because the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part can constitute rising terminal parts.
- a plurality of the third compounds may be used.
- the following compound can be used, for example. CH 2 ⁇ CHCOO ⁇ C 12 H 25
- the alkyl group parts extend from the plane of the adhered, cross-linked network-structure part, and accordingly, the liquid crystal indicates vertical alignment. Therefore, using a compound represented by formula (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) or (10) for mixing, using a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy as the liquid crystal, for example, and irradiating with UV rays as an energy source, a liquid crystal panel with vertical alignment can be manufactured without applying an alignment control film. In such a case, it is possible to make the liquid crystal tilt towards a specific direction, if the liquid crystal is made to tilt while the tilting direction is regulated by means of uneven parts formed on the substrate or slits of an electrode or electrodes when voltage is applied.
- liquid crystal there is no particular limitation to a liquid crystal according to the present invention, and known liquid crystals can be used.
- MLC-6608 made by Merck & Co., Inc. can be used.
- a resin composition comprising one or more first compounds having a cross-linkable structural part and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part sandwiched between a pair of substrates is cross-linked in the presence of a liquid crystal to form the liquid crystal layer, so that the cross-linked resin has an adhered, cross-linked structural part and hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts in the liquid crystal layer thus formed. It is preferable to have a structure in which the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts rise from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal panel according to the present invention. From the top of FIG. 8 to the bottom, first, two substrates 2 without alignment control films thereon are prepared according to step S 81 , they are bonded together according to step S 82 , an uncured liquid crystal composition 9 comprising a liquid crystal and a resin composition is then introduced according to step S 83 , and UV rays are irradiated to form a liquid crystal display panel with a liquid crystal layer 10 comprising the liquid crystal and a cross-linked resin according to step S 84 . The liquid crystal layer 10 is sealed with substrates 2 and a sealant 7 .
- a titration method contributes more than a vacuum introduction method to the simplification of the processes and the cost decrease. Also, compared with the vacuum introduction process, more versatile selection of liquid crystals is possible, leadings to improved vertical alignment.
- the cross-linked resin In order to make the cross-linked resin have an adhered, cross-linked structural part and hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts, and to have a structure in which the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal parts rise from the liquid crystal layer contacting surface in the formed liquid crystal layer, it is possible to appropriately choose a liquid crystal, one or more first compound having a cross-linkable, structural part and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, combinations with other coexisting materials, concentration thereof, cross-linking reaction temperature, cross-linking means, the intensity of energy to be given, etc.
- the rate of the resin composition in the liquid crystal layer that is, the concentration of the resin composition in the uncured liquid crystal composition comprising the resin composition and the liquid crystal, is preferably 0.1-10% by weight.
- the amount of the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part is preferably in the range of from 50 to 95 moles, based on 100 moles of the first compound(s). In this way, an appropriate ratio of an adhered, cross-linked structural part to rising terminal parts can be realized. It is to be noted that the range of from 50 to 95 moles of the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part based on 100 moles of the first compound(s) means that the ratio is 50-95 units of the hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part based on 100 molecules of the mixture, when the first compounds(s) is a mixture of a compound having a cross-linkable structural part and a compound having a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part as described above.
- liquid crystal panel according to the present invention it goes without saying that it is also possible to apply the aspects of the above-described liquid crystal panel according to the present invention to the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal panel according to the present invention, regarding the liquid crystal, hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, adhered, cross-linked structural part, polar-group structural part, cross-linking, cross-linkable structural part, cross-liked resin, resin composition, first compound(s), second compound, third compound, uneven parts, slits of an electrode or electrodes, alignment control film, etc.
- a liquid crystal panel according to the present invention can align the liquid crystal vertically without an alignment control film when no voltage is applied. However, it is also acceptable to install an alignment control film.
- the present invention is particularly useful when applied to a liquid crystal panel in which the liquid crystal has an negative dielectric constant anisotropy, is almost vertically aligned when no voltage is applied, and is tilted while the tilting direction is regulated by uneven parts formed on the substrate or slits of an electrode or electrodes, when voltage is applied.
- a liquid crystal panel according to the present invention can be utilized for a liquid crystal display apparatus, most typically, such as a display apparatus for a personal computer and a television receiver, by attaching drive units, etc. It goes without saying that the liquid crystal panel can be utilized for any other applications where the function to control the manner of light transmission by means of a liquid crystal is needed. For example, liquid crystal shutters, liquid crystal projectors and liquid crystal viewfinders are enumerated.
- Two glass substrates with ITO (indium-tin oxide) thereon as electrodes were bonded together without forming an alignment control film to form an evaluation cell having a cell thickness of 4.25 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the evaluation cell thus prepared was irradiated with UV rays at 1,500 mJ/cm 2 for a treatment to make the cell surface hydrophilic.
- a monomer represented by formula (20) below was manufactured. To 100 parts by weight of a liquid crystal (liquid crystal A) made by Merck & Co., Inc. and having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, 0.5 parts by weight of this monomer and 0.1 part by weight of Irg. 651 (Irgacure 651 made by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) were added. The mixture was introduced into the evaluation cell followed by sealing. R 51 part of formula (20) was an alkyl group. Here, C 12 H 25 was used.
- a liquid crystal liquid crystal A
- Irg. 651 Irgacure 651 made by Ciba Specialty Chemicals
- the monomer represented by formula (20) corresponds to the first compound(s) having a cross-linkable structural part and a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part.
- the evaluation cell was annealed at 90° C. for half an hour for the purpose of erasing the mobile alignment, etc., cooled, irradiated with nonpolarized UV rays at 300 mJ/cm 2 to cross-link the monomer, and the alignment was observed. When no voltage was applied, completely vertical alignment was provided all over the evaluation cell.
- This mixture was introduced into an evaluation cell that had been treated in the same way as in EXAMPLE 1, followed by sealing.
- C 18 CH 37 was used for R 51 of the monomer represented by formula (20), and Irg. 651 in an amount of 0.1 part by weight was added, as an initiator, to 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal.
- These mixtures were introduced into evaluation cells that had been treated in the same way as in EXAMPLE 1, followed by sealing.
- R 81 of formula (22) and R 91 of formula (23) are both an alkyl group.
- C 12 H 25 was used, here. Irg. 651 in an amount of 0.1 part by weight was added, as an initiator, to 100 parts by weight of liquid crystal A.
- both cells were disassembled, washed with isopropyl alcohol to remove the liquid crystal, and the substrate surface that had been contacted with the liquid crystal was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that a polymer film was left on the surface.
- the substrates were reassembled, a liquid crystal was reintroduced, and the state of alignment was observed. A state of vertical alignment that was about the same as the one before the disassembling was observed.
- a monomer represented by formula (20)-2 and a monomer represented by formula (21) were mixed at a molar ratio of 20:1.
- the mixture in an amount of 0.1 part by weight was dissolved into 100 parts by weight of liquid crystal A.
- This mixture was introduced into an evaluation cell that had been treated in the same way as in EXAMPLE 1, followed by sealing.
- C 12 H 25 was used for R 52
- Irg. 651 in an amount of 0.1 part by weight was added, as an initiator, to 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal.
- a seal pattern was formed on one of cleaned glass substrates, using a thermosetting sealant made by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., and spacers (made by Sekisui Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.) having a particle diameter of 4 ⁇ m were scattered by a wet scattering method onto the other substrate, using ethanol.
- the substrates were bonded together, followed by vacuum packing and baking at 135° C. to form a blank panel.
- a compound represented by formula (24) As a second compound according to the present invention with a cross-linkable structural part and substantially without a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, a compound represented by formula (24) was used, as a third compound with a hydrophobic long-chain terminal part and with one polymerizable group, a compound represented by formula (25) was used, and they were mixed together.
- Two parts by weight of the mixture was mixed with 100 parts by weight of liquid crystal A.
- 0.1 part by weight of Irg. 184 (Irgacure 184) as a polymerization initiator was mixed, based on 100 parts by weight of the liquid crystal.
- UV irradiation was performed to form a liquid crystal display panel.
- UV was irradiated at 10 mW/cm 2 for one minute at room temperature. Before the UV irradition, horizontal alignment was observed when no voltage was applied. However, after the UV irration, uniform vertical alignment was observed.
Abstract
Description
(in formulae (1) and (2), R1 is a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part; A1 is a trivalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group, or nitrogen; A2 is a tetravalent group comprising an aliphatic chain that may be branched, an aromatic ring that may have a substituting group, or an alicyclic ring that may have a substituting group; B1, B2 and B3 are, each, a cross-linkable structural part; and R1, B1, B2 and B3 can be selected independently from each other.), that the cross-linkable structural part of the first compound(s) contains at least one benzene ring structure bonded to a polymerizable group directly or via a carbon atom, that the one or more first compounds comprise a second compound with a cross-linkable structural part and substantially without a hydrophobic, long-chain terminal part, that the second compound comprises at least one aromatic ring and at least one carbonyl group, respectively, particularly that at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by formulae (3) to (6) below is included as the second compound,
(in formulae (3) to (6), A3 and B4 are, independently from each other, a vinylene group or a propenylene group; R3 is a divalent group; R2 and R4 are, independently from each other, hydrogen, an alkyl group that may be branched or an aromatic ring that may be substituted; at least one of R2, R3 and R4 is an aromatic ring; k, m, n and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or 1; and R2-R4, A3, B4, k, m, n and p can be selected independently from each other), that the second compound comprises a five-member ring structure, that the five-member ring structure in the second compound is an acid anhydride structure or an imide structure, particularly that at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by formulae (7) to (10) below is included as the second compound,
(in formulae (7) to (10), X and Y are, each independently, hydrogen or a methyl group; R7 is a divalent organic group having a five-member ring structure; R8 and R10 are hydrogen or an organic group; R9 is a divalent organic group; at least one of R8, R9 and R10 has a five-member ring structure; R11 is a tetravalent organic group constituting a tetracarboxylic acid residue; k, m, n and p are, independently from each other, 0 (zero) or 1; q and r are, independently from each other, an integer not less than 0 (zero) and not more than 6; and R8-R10, k, m, n, p, q and r can be selected independently from each other),
that the liquid crystal tilts while the tilting direction is regulated by uneven parts or the blank parts (slits) of an electrode or electrodes when voltage is applied, and that the panel does not have an alignment control film, etc.
CH2═CHCOO·C12H25
CH2═CHCOO—(CH2)10—OCOCH═CH2 (35)
Claims (37)
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JP2004294605A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corp | Liquid crystal panel |
JP4234473B2 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2009-03-04 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal panel and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2006145992A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-08 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display and its manufacturing method |
JP4527507B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2010-08-18 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
JP2006309151A (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-11-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | Optical low-pass filter |
US20080102386A1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2008-05-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Compositions including polymers aligned via interchain interactions |
US8974873B2 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2015-03-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Devices and methods involving polymers aligned via interchain interactions |
US10428462B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2019-10-01 | Upm Specialty Papers Oy | Release product |
JP2010122712A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-06-03 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display and method for manufacturing same |
WO2012046608A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-12 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device |
US9316867B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2016-04-19 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for producing liquid crystal display device |
WO2012121321A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and production method for liquid crystal display device |
US9207495B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2015-12-08 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device |
JP6098818B2 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2017-03-22 | Jsr株式会社 | Liquid crystal alignment agent |
CN105316008A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-02-10 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Reactive vertical orientation material, liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal orientation method |
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JP2004294648A (en) | 2004-10-21 |
US20050109985A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
JP4234473B2 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
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